Briefing Kit

Northern Caucasus Humanitarian Action

United Nations in the Russian Federation

June 2001

Table of Contents

1. Situation overview………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Reference Information: Chechnya and Ingushetia……….………………….………… 1 1.2 Regional overview ……………………..…………………………………….………….... 3

2. Humanitarian action by sector and UN focal points……….………………….….… 3 a. Protection………………………………………………………………….……… 3 b. Food………………………………………………………………………….……. 4 c. Shelter and non-food items……………..………………………………….…… 4 d. Health……………………………………………………………………………... 5 e. Water and sanitation…………………………………………………………….. 5 f. Education…………………………………………………………………………. 5 g. Mine action *……………………………………………………………...……….. 6

3. Coordination and security overview…………………………………………………... 6 3.1 Coordination……………………………………………………………………………….. 6 3.2 Security…………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

4. The International Committee of the Red Cross……………………………………… 8

5. The NGO community……………………………………………………………………... 9 5.1 Overview of the NGOs working in the Northern Caucasus….……………………….. 10

6. Data and statistics………………………………………………………………………... 14 6.1 A note on population figures…………………………………………………...………... 14 6.2 Population movements…………………………………………………………………… 14 6.3 IDP Gender…………………………………………………………………………...…… 14 6.4 Where do the IDPs stay?………………………………………………………………… 14 6.5 UN, ICRC, and NGO geographic coverage……………………………………………. 15 6.6 UN, international organisations, and NGOs working in the Republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia…………..………………………………………………………………… 16 6.7 Food assistance in Ingushetia and Chechnya ……………………………………...… 17 6.8 Healthcare activities of NGOs in the Republic of Ingushetia…………….………...… 19

Annexes……………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 A) Memorandum of Understanding B) Donor support to humanitarian action in 2001 Table A. Summary of requirements and contributions by appealing agency Table B. Donor breakdown of contributions through appealing agency Table C. Additional humanitarian assistance to the Russian Federation outside of the framework of the UN consolidated inter-agency appeal C) UN monitoring: from purchase to final delivery D) Information on the course of rehabilitation work in the Republic of Chechnya E) Who’s who F) Organigramme (Federal) G) Organigramme (Regional) H) List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

* Mine Action refers to mine awareness, victim assistance, and vocational training.

Cover photo: 2 girls displaced by violence seek shelter in a spontaneous settlement. Source: UNHCR

1. SITUATION OVERVIEW

Russian Federation Russian Federation Republic of Chechnya Republic of Ingushetia Reference Information Reference Information

The Republic of Chechnya has been a constituent Republic of the The Republic of Ingushetia has been a constituent Republic of the Russian Federation since 1936 when it was a part of the Chechen- Ingush Russian Federation since 1936 when it was a part of the Chechen- Ingush Autonomous Soviet Social Republic. In 1991, the Chechen Republic Autonomous Soviet Social Republic. In 1991, the Chechen Republic declared itself independent and Ingushetia and Chechnya separated. The declared itself independent and Ingushetia and Chechnya separated. The Republic is divided into12 districts: Achkhoy-Martanovsky, Groznensky, Republic is divided into 4 districts: Dzhairakhsky, Nazranovsky, Gudermessky, Itum-Kalinsky, Nadterechny, Naursky, Nozhay-Yurtovsky, Malgobeksky, Sunzhensky. Shalinsky, Shatoisky, Shelkovskoy, Urus-Martanovsky, and Vedensky

Territory Territory More than 16,000 sq km. 3,600 square kilometres

Climate Climate Continental; average temperatures: -5 degrees Centigrade in January; +25 Continental; average temperatures: +5 degrees Centigrade in January; degrees Centigrade in July. +21 degrees Centigrade in July.

Major Rivers Major Rivers Terek, Sunzha, Argun Terek, Assa, Sunzha

Natural Resources Natural Resources Oil, gas, natural construction materials, mineral water, hot springs Oil, gas, marble, dolomite, chalkstone, mineral water, hot springs.

Population Population 500,000 – 800,000 as of January, 1999 (latest available); urban population 316,900 as of January, 1999; urban population – 41.6%, rural population – – 67.8%, rural population – 32.2%. 58.4%. Indigenous nationality – Chechens (Nokhchiy) accounts for 75% of the Indigenous nationality – Ingushi (Galgai); other nationalities include total population; other nationalities include Russians, Ingushi, Armenians, Russians, Chechens, Armenians, Ukrainians, Turks. Ukrainians, Kumyks, Nogays, Ossetians, other North Caucasian peoples. Capital Capital Nazran - temporary administrative centre (76,200 population as of Grozny (approx. 200,000 population as of January, 1999; 2,007 km from January, 1998) Moscow). Magas – new capital, currently under construction

Large Cities Large Cities Urus-Martan, Gudermes, Shali, Argun Malgobek, Karabulak

Productive Sectors Productive Sectors Agriculture, oil and gas production, oil processing, petrochemistry, Agriculture, oil production, petrochemistry, construction materials, food machine-building, light industry, wood-processing.

processing. Source: I.G.Kosikov, L.S.Kosikova ‘Northern Caucasus. Social and Economic Handbook.’ Moscow 1999. 1 2 1.2 REGIONAL OVERVIEW The humanitarian consequences of the events in the northern Caucasus continue to devastate the lives of some 330,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 690,000 residents in the Republic of Chechnya and the Republic of Ingushetia.

In late autumn 1999, the United Nations, thanks to the generous financial and in-kind support of the international donor community (see annex B), began to address the protection and assistance needs of civilians in the Northern Caucasus, thereby complementing the relief being provided by the Russian Government (see annex C).

During October 2000, the UN agencies involved in humanitarian action, including the UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO), and for the first time in this context Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), reviewed ongoing programmes in Chechnya and Ingushetia, assessed the current situation, and planned programmes for 2001. The Government's Ministry for Civil Defence, Emergencies, and the Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM) and the Ministry on the Affairs of Federation, Nationalities and Migration Policy (Ministry of Federation), as well as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), participated in this process. Extensive consultations were held with non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The UN Humanitarian Coordinator, supported by OCHA, organised this process.

As projected in the 2001 Consolidated Appeal, throughout the first half of 2001, there has been little or no return from Ingushetia to Chechnya (and of IDPs in Chechnya to their place of origin). This is a result of the continuing instability of the security environment inside Chechnya and the subsequent decision of IDPs to remain in Ingushetia until conditions improve to such an extent that they feel it is safe to return home.

The overall goal of the UN's humanitarian programme is to complement governmental action to alleviate suffering and improve the quality of living conditions amongst civilians in need by continuing to provide humanitarian assistance. During 2001 UN agencies have continued to work in the following sectors: protection, food, shelter and non-food items, health, water and sanitation, education, mine awareness, and economic recovery and infrastructure. The number of beneficiaries varies by sector, for example 205,000 in education or 770,000 in water and sanitation, assuming that donor support continues to be provided.

2. HUMANITARIAN ACTION BY SECTOR AND UN FOCAL POINTS

The UN coordination focal point for PROTECTION is UNHCR. The UNHCR Protection team continues to monitor IDP movement and conditions via their VESTA monitoring teams operational in Ingushetia and recently in Chechnya. The UN is aiming to: ensure that IDPs have access to secure locations and humanitarian assistance, including freedom of movement and the right to remain in safe areas; promote the creation of conditions that allow voluntary return; ensure the IDPs have access to necessary legal documentation and are treated according to human rights standards; empower regional and federal authorities and NGOs to implement effective protection monitoring and intervention; and focus psychosocial assistance on the civilians who have mental health needs, including victims of sexual violence. Other organisations in the Northern Caucasus, such as the Council of Europe who have three observers based in the northern Chechen town of Znamenskoye, the ICRC with expatriates visiting places of detention in Chechnya, and the Russian human rights group Memorial, are also playing a vital role in attempting to identify and assist IDPs with protection-related problems. On 15 June 2001, the Organisation for Security and

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 3 Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) returned to Chechnya, and is now also located in the town of Znamenskoye. Like the Council of Europe, the OSCE indicates in its operational mandate that it will ‘promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the establishment of facts concerning their violation’.

The UN coordination focal point for FOOD is WFP. In February 2000, WFP replaced UNHCR as the primary supplier of basic foods to IDPs while UNHCR focused mostly on the host families. The food needs of the IDP population in Ingushetia are essentially being met with the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and Islamic Relief (IR) distributing WFP commodities to over 155,000 people in Ingushetia. The ICRC is providing a quarterly package of complementary foods and non-foods to essentially the same caseload. Ministry of Federation, National and Migration Policy, as lead agency within the government, provides some bread and hot meals for IDPs living in camps. Several international NGOs also provide supplementary food items such as fresh fruit and vegetables, hot meals and canned meat on a smaller scale.

In Chechnya, WFP expanded its assistance to reach 110,000 persons during the winter. While this stopped ni January and February due to insecurity, food aid is now reaching 75,000 people in Chechnya. Regular basic rations are provided to all districts in Grozny City, Grozny rural district, Urus-Martan, and Achkhoy-Martan. In addition to IDPs, food is targeted to infants, orphans, pregnant women and nursing mothers, elderly or handicapped persons and all members of single-parent families.

The ICRC, in co-operation with the Russian Red Cross (RRC), is also carrying out food programmes in Chechnya. In Dagestan, the ICRC and the RRC have commenced regular provision of loaves of bread, covering approximately 3,800 IDPs, bulk food, and hot meals to IDPs and Dagestanis displaced as a result of the situation in Chechnya. ICRC and DRC are currently the only agencies providing food assistance in Dagestan.

The UN coordination focal point for SHELTER and NON-FOOD ITEMS is UNHCR. The provision of adequate shelter remains a large concern for both the NGO community and UN agencies, in particular in the winter months. To cater for poor conditions in some spontaneous settlements in Ingushetia, three new tents camps have been constructed (Camps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’) to provide shelter for 12,000 people. Each camp was initially designed to provide shelter for 4,000 people each. As shelter demands did not decrease over the first six months of 2001, Camps ‘A’ and ‘B’ were expanded to provide shelter to approximately 6,000 people each. Some spontaneous settlements in the republic have also been expanded. The greatest demand for shelter can be grouped into three main categories: IDPs living in spontaneous settlements, IDPs living in tents; and IDPs living in host accommodation at risk of eviction. The ICRC is providing a monthly distribution of hygienic kits plus ad hoc deliveries of articles such as kitchen sets, plastic sheeting, heaters, in favour of IDPs and vulnerable groups in Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, as well as in the south of Russia.

BI-LATERAL HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and Swiss Disaster Relief (SDC/SDR), part of the Swiss Government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has spent some US $2 million rendering compensation to host families who provided shelter to Chechen IDPs over last winter. The compensation payments of an equivalent US $100 were provided via the Ingush postal system. 15,500 families benefited from the programme by the end of the first quarter 2001. In addition, fifteen percent of the overall programme budget was directed towards small projects in the social, educational, and medical sectors in Ingushetia and three projects in Chechnya. Forty projects have been nominated for support so far. In North Ossetia SDC/SDR is supporting medical facilities with equipment and staff training.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 4 The UN coordination focal point for HEALTH is WHO. Outbreaks of hepatitis A in camps and spontaneous settlements in September-October 2000 highlighted the concerns of epidemics in highly populated areas and the need to provide clean drinking water and dispose of sanitary waste. The close cooperation of the Ingush administration, UN agencies, in particular the WHO, and the NGO community has made it possible to combat such outbreaks although individual cases registered in different districts require further vigilance and careful monitoring. A very different situation exists in Chechnya. Medical staff in Grozny, including the chief epidemiologist who regularly attends health coordination meetings in Nazran, stress that Hepatitis A morbidity shows a 12.5-fold increase during the first five months of 2001, compared to the same five months in 2000. Likewise, a four-fold rise in mumps and a three- fold increase in whooping cough, mostly in children, indicate that extended programmes of immunisation is not attaining the necessary coverage. However, among many other health problems, linked to poor hygiene, nutrition, and permanent stress, tuberculosis is the major concern in both Chechnya and Ingushetia. TB has now reached epidemic proportions with an estimated morbidity rate of 278 per 100,000 IDPs in Ingushetia and 224 per 100,000 residents in Chechnya, compared to 89 per 100,000 residents in the rest of Russia.

UNICEF collaborated with WHO and the local authorities for the rehabilitation of the cold- chain system and the vaccination campaigns, both in Ingushetia and Chechnya. Furthermore UNICEF supported the mother and child health care through the distribution of kits and materials in maternity and health centres, as well as the surgical departments of several hospitals dealing with victims of mine incidents.

The ICRC and RRC have developed medical programmes for IDPs and vulnerable groups that include regular support to major hospitals (10 in Chechnya, 5 in Ingushetia), and primary health care (fixed and mobile medical points in Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, and the south of Russia).

The UN coordination focal point for WATER AND SANITATION is UNHCR. The UNHCR water and sanitation programme, in conjunction with NGOs, has winterised water points and bladders to provide consistent, clean water to the IDP community in Ingushetia. The UN and NGOs are also providing waste disposal and sanitation facilities for IDPs at camps and spontaneous settlements around Ingushetia. Given the increased demand on the Ingushetian water infrastructure, the UNHCR WatSan team is also assisting to strengthen the water pipeline in the republic. UNICEF, through an implementing partner, has been producing and distributing potable water in Grozny since October 2000, covering the needs of several schools, hospitals and general distribution points. The ICRC has developed water and sanitation projects in Chechnya (rehabilitation and management of the pumping station #1 in Grozny in coordination with Vodokanal, and setting up of water trucking programme), as well as in Ingushetia (water trucking, building-winterisation, and management of showers in the IDP camps).

The UN coordination focal point for EDUCATION is UNICEF. The hostilities in Chechnya have severely disrupted the education of some 65,000 displaced children between the ages of three and sixteen currently living in Ingushetia. UNICEF and NGOs managed to create the capacity to enrol most of the IDP children in Ingushetia above the age of six into educational programmes; decrease vulnerability of teenage IDPs by improving vocational and life skills; ensure the availability of safe sporting and recreational facilities to IDP children in Ingushetia and Chechnya; and utilize the school system to raise mine awareness among children. An assessment on the status of the school infrastructures in Chechnya is being finalised and will lead to the development of a programme for the basic rehabilitation of the education system in the republic. Under the umbrella of Education, UNICEF is also carrying out with an implementing partner a comprehensive training of trainers aiming at the improvement of the skills of teachers and health workers to deal with psychosocially traumatised children.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 5 The UN coordination focal point for MINE AWARENESS is UNICEF. Given the high threat of mines and unexploded ordinance (UXOs) in Chechnya, UNICEF, in close cooperation with the NGO community, has implemented a widespread mine awareness campaign. Via the use of presentations and posters, UNICEF and the NGO community, in particular the local NGO ‘Voice of the Mountains’, operational in the mine action sector aim to educate and increase the knowledge of the dangers of mines and UXOs to the IDP community in Ingushetia and increasingly, Chechnya. As well as these awareness activities, UNICEF is co-ordinating a comprehensive approach to provide both physical and psychosocial support to children and women victim of mine incident. The ICRC has commenced its mine awareness programme in camps in Ingushetia.

3. COORDINATION AND SECURITY OVERVIEW

3.1. COORDINATION The UN Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the coordination of UN humanitarian activities, with OCHA serving as the coordination secretariat. Primary activities include: maintaining a dialogue with the Russian Government to ensure an effective framework of cooperation, in particular concerning operational modalities, governmental humanitarian assistance and plans, and staff safety; ensuring that the UN agencies coordinate contingency planning, needs assessment, programme implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. This takes place, inter alia, by holding UN agency representative policy meetings each fortnight; and promoting information exchange, and programme coordination between the UN agencies, the ICRC, and the non-governmental sector; and ensuring regular contact between the donor community, UN agencies, and the ICRC to harmonise the international community’s humanitarian response to the crisis.

Inter-agency needs assessments in the region enabled the United Nations agencies to devise a strategy and plan of action, highlighted in the 1999/2000 and 2001 Inter-agency consolidated appeals. The UN Humanitarian Coordinator established OCHA sub-offices in Vladikavkaz and Nazran in July 2000. The sub-offices became a focal point to assist the UN agencies, ICRC, and NGOs in the region. A comprehensive website and database has also been elaborated to manage output and beneficiary based information (http://www.ocha.ru).

The Russian Government and the United Nations signed a memorandum of understanding on humanitarian action in the Northern Caucasus on 16 August 2000 to strengthen the relationship between the two entities and to provide a firm base for continued programmes in the Northern Caucasus (see Annex A). In October 2000, the UN, together with the Government, ICRC, and NGOs, re-assessed the situation in the region and planned programmes for the future. The inter-agency consolidated appeal for the Northern Caucasus 2001 was launched on 28-29 November 2000 and outlines UN humanitarian programmes. The UN will undertake another needs assessment mission during the latter period of 2001 to produce a Consolidated Inter-agency Appeal for the Northern Caucasus (Russian Federation) for 2002.

3.2. SECURITY The UN Designated Official for security is responsible for UN staff safety and security, with UNSECOORD managing the process a day-to-day basis. UNSECOORD has an office in Moscow, and sub-offices in Nazran and Vladikavkaz. Its presence in the field as ‘UNSECOORD’ as opposed to having staff seconded to a UN agency is unprecedented.

UNSECOORD has carried out a series of security assessments in Chechnya and concluded that the security situation remains tense and unpredictable. Kidnapping for financial gain continues to be the main threat to humanitarian workers. The winter conditions could lead to an escalation of security incidents and the risk of aid agency staff getting caught in an

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 6 incident cannot be excluded. The presence of mines and unexploded ordnance in Chechnya and Chechen-Ingush border areas pose yet another serious threat to humanitarian workers.

In addition to its work in Chechnya, UNSECOORD works to cover the security situation in Ingushetia and North Ossetia. The office’s assessment is that the situation in both republics is volatile, with the most worrisome threat being that of kidnapping for financial gain. Other threats include explosions such as those that took place during the summer and autumn of 2000. Such incidents indicate that the republics are high risk and, as has been shown in the past, aid workers could be caught in violence or become direct targets of it.

To achieve a relatively safe work environment, UNSECOORD has introduced and continues to operate stringent preventive security measures for the UN and associated staff operating in the Northern Caucasus. These include: an international staff ceiling of twelve fourteen (twelve UN agency staff plus two field security officers); staff rotations to ensure an element of unpredictability; serious protection at all times by using contingents of different guards; and offices and houses fully equipped with the most modern sensor equipment and alarms. To ensure a UN system-wide approach, UNSECOORD has a full time officer based in the region, and is currently recruiting a second. The role of UNSECOORD goes well beyond that of managing the security of UN and associated staff in that the office has become a centre of information sharing and advice for the humanitarian community at large. Security advisories, threat assessments, and professional expertise are offered to all aid agencies working in the Northern Caucasus.

Moreover, agencies such as UNHCR, have considerably strengthened their security system and mechanisms and continue to do so. UNHCR provides technical support to RUBOP (the regional department to combat organised crime), covering escort vehicles and communication equipment to be used in Stavropol and on escorts between Stavropol and Vladikavkaz. Safety for local travel in Stavropol and between the city and Vladikavkaz is further enhanced with armed mobile escorts. Security measures cover both UNHCR office premises as well as private accommodation for expatriate personnel.

In order to further improve security cover for the UN and associated humanitarian operations, funds are required for UNSECOORD to continue its work and also to train and equip a dedicated UBOP security group, which is professional in dealing with local security issues. Given the police lack resources, building the capacity of and working with the regional authorities on this issue will help enhance security for humanitarian operations.

Following the abduction of an aid worker from 9 January to 4 February 2001, the UN has initiated a process leading to increased coordination among the UN and the NGOs on programme and staff safety issues.

Current Security Status

Mission Area (Caucasus) UN Security Phase Since Stavropol Kray and the city of STAVROPOL II 13.10.1999

The Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, including III 30.01.1998 VLADIKAVKAZ and Prigorodny Region

Republic of Ingushetia including the town of IV 05.03.1999 NAZRAN and the Republic of Dagestan

Republic of CHECHNYA V 05.03.1999

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 7 4. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS

Food and non-food assistance Most of the ICRC food assistance in the Northern Caucasus is still distributed in Ingushetia. The ICRC supports almost all IDPs with food (1 food parcel/person/2 months) and hygienic parcels covering the individual hygienic needs of the IDP population in Ingushetia. 137,000 persons received this assistance during the last round of distribution. In addition, the ICRC supports two programmes of the RRC local branch, which distributes 3 loaves of bread to about 20,000 beneficiaries in IDP camps, and 5 hot meals to some 2,000 particularly vulnerable beneficiaries each week.

In Chechnya, the ICRC, in cooperation with the Chechen branch of the RRC, provides a monthly ration of vegetable oil, sugar, tea and soap to every person benefiting from the bread programme. This programme covers around 27,000 beneficiaries in Achkhoy-Martan, Argun, Grozny, Gudermes, Kurchaloy, and Urus-Martan. In addition, 1,300 IDPs in Argun and Gudermes, workers of the water-board company, 1,700 teachers as well as people in institutions have received food and non-food assistance adapted to their specific needs. The Chechen branch of the RRC runs a programme assisting 720 old and bedridden people who are visited at home by nurses providing them food, and hygienic and medical assistance. Chechen children who are resting in convalescent homes in neighbouring republics are assisted with school kits and shoes, and made aware of the dangers of mines and UXOs. So far in 2001, 11,300 school kits and more than 5,000 pairs of shoes have been distributed. In Dagestan, some 25,000 persons receive food and-non food assistance from the ICRC. They are both Chechen and Dagestani IDPs as well as Dagestani returnees to their place of origin. As in Ingushetia, the RRC local branch runs a bakery, covering the needs of about 8,000 IDPs, and two soup kitchens, regularly providing about 2,700 vulnerable IDPs hot meals.

Monthly in Russia’s south, the RRC, supported by the ICRC and the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), gives food and non-food items to 20,000 IDPs from Chechnya.

Water, sanitation, and shelter Since early 2000, the ICRC made it a priority to improve the water and sanitation situation in camps in Ingushetia. It has built fifteen shower installations (138 cabins). All have been insulated for the winter and have hot water. 18 water trucks deliver 1,800 m3 of pre- chlorinated to 40,000 in 30 settlements, each week.

In Chechnya, the ICRC rehabilitated the pumping station No 1 in Grozny, which gives an output of about 1,000 m3 a day of chlorinated water, which is distributed to the population. Furthermore, 2,125 blankets, 2,325 kitchen sets, and 111,200 m2 of plastic sheeting were distributed to hospitals, schools, and institutions. 917 stoves were installed and connected to the gas network in hospitals and schools.

Health The ICRC has been providing surgical assistance to 12 hospitals in Chechnya, 5 in Ingushetia, 3 in Dagestan, and 3 in North-Ossetia enabling them to treat thousands of surgical cases. The surgical assistance will further increase in the coming months but the medical facilities assisted will be rationalised. In Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan, the ICRC finances a RRC run mobile medical programme. It also supports a visiting nurses programme with covers more than 2,300 vulnerable people in 10 North Caucasus republics.

The ICRC, while no longer pursuing the idea of running a prosthetic workshop in Ingushetia, will train badly-needed prosthetic technicians and support existing prosthetic facilities.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 8 Protection activities Following an agreement in March 2000, the ICRC was granted access to all people deprived of their freedom in connection with the security operation in Chechnya. ICRC delegates regularly visit persons detained in Chechnya as well as in other areas of the northern Caucasus and south Russia. The main aim of ICRC visits to detainees is to assess their conditions of detention and their treatment. In that regard, ICRC has developed an active dialogue with detaining authorities. Delegates regularly transmit and discuss their observations and recommendations with the competent authorities.

ICRC runs a ‘Red Cross Message’ service, which provides persons who lost contact with their relatives, as well as visited detainees, the chance to get in touch with their next of kin.

Promotional activities ICRC, in coordination with the UN and NGOs in Ingushetia, as well as in the other republics of the northern Caucasus and south Russia, carries out mine awareness education. Children are the primary target audience. ICRC has worked with a well known Chechen folk hero, developed a puppet show, as well as a comic book, and is working with teachers to develop activities for use in the classroom to further reinforce the information. Parents have also been targeted so that they are aware of effective means of sharing information with their children.

ICRC disseminates IHL to armed forces, in particular the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Interior, and Border Guards. It aims at integrating essential basic notions of IHL into the training programme of officers and soldiers, particularly those actively involved in the armed operations in Chechnya.

In order to present the Red Cross Movement and the basis of IHL to civil society, and to enhance the image of the local society of the Russian Red Cross, the ICRC put up a travelling exhibition, which is shown across the region. Tuapse, Armavir and Anapa (Krasnodar), Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria), Vladikavkaz (North-Ossetia) and Maikop (Adyghea) have hosted the exhibition for a three week period during the last 12 months.

5. THE NGO COMMUNITY

Almost thirty local and international NGOs are working to address the consequences of the situation in Chechnya, providing assistance to the affected populations in the sectors of food aid, shelter and relief, health and nutrition, water and sanitation, education, mine awareness, and protection, thereby complementing emergency relief being provided by the authorities, bi-lateral donors such as SDC/SDR, UN agencies, and the international organisations such as ICRC, and SARC.

The major portion of NGOs’ humanitarian assistance is being delivered to displaced persons living in camps and spontaneous settlements throughout Ingushetia. Several NGOs are providing assistance to civilians inside Chechnya as well. The emergency programmes carried out by the NGO community in these republics include distribution of food and non- food items, winterisation and improvement of living conditions in the IDP camps and spontaneous settlements, provision of medicines and medical materials, running mobile medical clinics, provision of water tanking services, operation of wooden or tented schools, repair of school and health facilities, psychosocial rehabilitation for both children and adults, as well as mine awareness campaigns. In Ingushetia, a few NGOs have started implementing income-generation, as well as small agricultural projects. In addition, various surveys and assessments, such as a household survey, school assessment, nutrition survey, are being conducted in Chechnya. Two NGOs, MSF-Switzerland and DRC, are providing some assistance to displaced persons living in Dagestan. Several NGOs have created partnerships with the UN agencies to deliver, distribute, and monitor the UN assistance.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 9

Given the vast humanitarian needs inside Chechnya, the NGOs are willing to increase their operations in the republic. However, the continuing problems of access to and freedom of movement within Chechnya are hindering the humanitarian operations there. Another issue of concern for the NGO community is related to the security and radio communications.

NGO humanitarian action in the region is based on assessment of needs, independent access to the affected population, and staff safety and security, and guided by the humanitarian principles of impartiality and neutrality. To ensure efficient operations, NGOs continue to enhance monitoring by increasing their direct involvement in aid distributions, communicating with target communities and local authorities, and strengthening collaboration with other agencies. Frequent discussions among the NGO community, and between NGOs and the UN agencies, about policy and programmes promote complementarity, and help the humanitarian community at large to develop a coherent and strategic approach to alleviate the suffering of the affected population.

5.1 OVERVIEW OF NGOS WORKING IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

Name: AAR (Association for Aid and Relief) Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 40,000 Objectives: Assist IDPs for the well-being of displaced women and children - provide shelter and relief items; water and sanitation; education; and psychosocial support.

Name: ACF (Action Contre la Faim) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: Depends on programme Objectives: Provide food, hygiene items to IDPs and vulnerable people, supplementary feeding for patients in medical facilities in Chechnya; supplementary feeding programme for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children 6-24 months in Ingushetia.

Name: ACT/HIA (Action by Churches/Hungarian Interchurch Aid) Location: Chechnya, North Ossetia Beneficiaries: 21,155 Objectives: Provide food; school kitchen programme; reconstruction of schools in Chechnya.

Name: ARD (Agency for Rehabilitation and Development) Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: Variable Objectives: Provide food; health; education support.

Name: BIF (Benevolence International Foundation) Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: Depends on programme Objectives: Provide food, relief items; health; child care programme

Name: CARE International Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 20,000 Objectives: Psychosocial support, and training programme in Ingushetia.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 10 Name: CARITAS Location: Chechnya Beneficiaries: Variable Objectives: Provide food; childcare programme.

Name: CPCD (Centre for Peacemaking and Community Development) Location: Chechnya, Ingushetia, and North Ossetia Beneficiaries: Depends on programme Objectives: Provide food to IDPs and vulnerable groups; education; psychosocial support; mine awareness.

Name: DDG/DCA (Danish Demining Group/Dan Church Aid)) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 200,000 in Chechnya, 160,000 in Ingushetia Objectives: Disseminate information on the dangers of mines and UXO by distribution of campaign material; education of children and training of teachers in mine awareness.

Name: Dorcas Aid International Location: Ingushetia and North Ossetia Beneficiaries: 16,000 Objectives: Provide food and relief items.

Name: DRC/ASF (Danish Refugee Council/Danish Peoples Aid) Location: Chechnya, Dagestan, and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 220,000 in Chechnya, 140,000 in Ingushetia, 17,000 in Dagestan Objectives: Provide food, relief items to IDPs, vulnerable, and host families; facilitate integration of IDPs who wish to remain in Ingushetia; assist in reconstruction of houses in Chechnya; improve shelter conditions in spontaneous settlements in Ingushetia; carry out surveys of vulnerable segments of the population in the republics concerned.

Name: Hammer Forum Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 17,000 Objectives: Medical assistance through mobile clinics, transfer children till age of 13 to Moscow/Germany for surgical treatment.

Name: Handicap International Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: No information Objectives: Provide the population orthopaedic appliances; training and capacity building; provide relief items to Ingushetia.

Name: HCC Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 4,000 Objectives: Provide hot food for IDP children in schools and kindergartens. Rehabilitation of kindergartens for IDP and local children.

Name: Help eV Location: Ingushetia and Chechnya Beneficiaries: 45,000 Objectives: Provide food, relief, and hygiene items to IDPs.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 11 Name: Hilfswerk Austria Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 43,000 Objectives: Supplementary feeding programme; shelter and relief; water and sanitation; education; childcare programme; income generation. Plan to open bakery, and start shelter and relief programme in Chechnya.

Name: IMC (International Medical Corps) Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 10,000 Objectives: Medical assistance through mobile clinics in 34 spontaneous settlements; distribution of medicines and medical supplies.

Name: IRC (International Rescue Committee) Location: Ingushetia and Chechnya Beneficiaries: Variable Objectives: Provide relief items to IDPs living in spontaneous settlements and in private sector; water and sanitation in spontaneous settlements; health education sessions in spontaneous settlements; psychosocial support to children and adolescents in spontaneous settlements.

Name: IR (Islamic Relief) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 70,000 Objectives: Food, health, water and sanitation, shelter assistance to IDPs.

Name: MDM (Médecins du Monde) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 85,000 Objectives: Improve the sanitary and health conditions in IDP camps in Chechnya and Ingushetia; support the medical institutions in Chechnya.

Name: MSF – Belgium (Médecins Sans Frontières) Location: Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 40,000 Objectives: Ingushetia: Ensure IDPs have access to basic medical care through medical mobile teams focusing on reproductive health; provide relief, hygienic items; build latrines and showers in spontaneous settlements in Malgobek district;

Name: MSF-France Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: Depends on programme Objectives: Provide medical assistance to hospitals and medical points in Chechnya, and help in heating, and water and sanitation; assist IDPs in preparation for winter and improving living conditions.

Name: MSF - Holland Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 120,000 Objectives: Improve access to basic medical care for 23 medical facilities in Ingushetia and 9 key medical facilities in Chechnya through the provision of medicines and medical equipment; improve access to health care services in Chechnya through the temporary rehabilitation of damaged health facilities; monitor the humanitarian situation to ensure timely response to critical situations.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 12 Name: MSF - Switzerland Location: Chechnya Beneficiaries: Variable Objectives: Provide urgent medical assistance.

Name: PHO (Polish Humanitarian Organisation) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: Depends on programme Objectives: Provide food, relief items, and medical aid; create ‘safe zones’ for children in Grozny (includes water and sanitation, and hot meals); education; reconstruction work; mine awareness. Education programmes in Ingushetia

Name: PINF (People in Need Foundation) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 57,000 Objectives: Provide food; shelter and relief items; medical and education support to IDPs and vulnerable groups. Water and sanitation programme; rehabilitation of schools in Chechnya

Name: WV (World Vision - Germany) Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Beneficiaries: 15,000 Objectives: Provide food, relief items, and medical aid in spontaneous settlement

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 13 6. DATA AND STATISTICS

6.1 A NOTE ON POPULATION FIGURES

At the time of the 1989 census, the number of population (97 nationalities) living in the Chechen-Ingush republic was about 1,270,500. By comparing the various sources with data from the 1989 census, and considering the number of people who have reportedly emigrated from the republic, as well as casualties, and morbidity and birth rates, the UN considers that about 400,000 inhabitants currently live in Chechnya, whereas Ingushetia has about 320,000 inhabitants. The number of displaced people in Chechnya and Ingushetia is 160,000 and 160,000 respectively.

6.2 POPULATION MOVEMENTS

· New arrivals of IDPs in Ingushetia during June 2001: 700 (estimate)

· Returnees to Chechnya during June 2001: 375 (estimate)

2000 1800 Movement from Chechnya to Ingushetia 1600 Movement from Ingushetia to Chechnya 1400 1200 1000 People 800 600 400 200 0 September October November December January February March April 2001 May 2001 June 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001

6.3 IDP GENDER

· Females: 55%

· Males: 45%

6.4. WHERE DO THE IDPs STAY?

· Tent camps: 12%

· Spontaneous settlements: 18%

· Host families: 70%

Source: UNHCR / VESTA

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 14 6.5 UN, ICRC AND NGO GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE

INGUSHETIA AND CHECHNYA

UN ICRC BIF CARE DRC HCC HF ACF Help CARE Hilfswerk DRC IRC MSF-B MSF-H UN PINF ICRC SDC/SDR ACF WV CARE CARITAS CPCD UN DRC ICRC HELP BIF IR ACF CARE IRC ICRC CPCD MDM DRC DRC MSF-F MDM HF MSF-H MSF-S HCC PINF PHO Hilfswerk-A PHO IMC ACF IR ICRC IRC CARE MSF-F UN DRC MSF-H ICRC Hilfswerk-A PINF CARE IRC SDC/SDR CPCD MDM

DRC MSF-H

IRC PHO PINF UN MSF-H ICRC ACF ACF BIF CARE DRC Caritas MDM CPCD MSF-H Dorcas Aid ACF PINF DRC DRC HCC ACF IRC Help UN DRC MSF-F HF ICRC MSF-F Hilfswerk-A ACF IMC ACT/HIA IR CARE IRC CPCD MDM DRC IRC MSF-F MSF-H MDM PHO MSF-F PINF MSF-H SDC/SDR PHO SARC WV

This map provides an indication of where organisations are working, as of 1 July 2001.

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 15

6.6 UN, INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS, AND NGOS WORKING IN THE REPUBLICS OF CHECHNYA (C) AND INGUSHETIA (I) Shelter & Economic Food Water & Mine Organisation Non-food Health* Education** Agriculture Recovery & Protection Sanitation Action Items Infrastruct. C I C I C I C I C I C I C I C I C I UNFPA X UNHCR X X X X X X UNICEF X X X X X X X X WFP X X WHO X X X X ICRC X X X X X X X X X X SARC X X AAR X X X X ACF X X X ACT/HIA X X ARD X X X BIF X X X X Care International X X X X CARITAS X X X CPCD X X X X X X X X X X DDG/DCA X X Dorcas Aid X DRC X X X X X X X X X Hammer Forum e.V. X Handicap International X X HCC X X X Help E.v. X X Hilfswerk Austria X X X X X X IMC X IRC X X X X X X Islamic Relief X X X X MDM X X MSF-B X X X X MSF-F X X X X MSF-H X X MSF-S X PHO X X X X X X PINF X X X X X X World Vision X X X Bilateral Donors SDC/SDR X X X * Includes psychosocial support, and hospital rehabilitation ** Includes school rehabilitation

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 16 6.7 FOOD ASSISTANCE IN INGUSHETIA AND CHECHNYA

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 17

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 18

6.8 HEALTHCARE ACTIVITIES OF NGOS IN THE REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 19

ANNEXES

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus: Briefing Kit 20 Annex A

Memorandum of Understanding

between the

United Nations

and the

Government of the Russian Federation

on

Humanitarian Action in the Northern Caucasus

Recalling the Memorandum on Consultations signed between the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation on 20 October 1999, establishing a base on which to build humanitarian programmes in the Northern Caucasus; and acknowledging the United Nations assessment of the humanitarian situation, from 3 to 8 November 1999;

Recognizing the launch of a United Nations Inter-agency Flash Appeal for the Northern Caucasus on 23 November 1999 so that the United Nations could expand relief assistance in the Republic of Dagestan of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Ingushetia of the Russian Federation to support the work of the Government of the Russian Federation; and noting the conversion of the flash appeal into a United Nations Consolidated Inter-agency Appeal for the Northern Caucasus: 1 December 1999 – 30 June 2000;

Bearing in mind the findings of the United Nations inter-agency assessment mission which visited the Northern Caucasus from 31 January- 6 February 2000, including a one-day visit to the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation;

Highlighting that international humanitarian assistance is required to support the affected population in the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Dagestan of the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Ingushetia of the Russian Federation;

The United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation have reached the following understanding:

Paragraph 1: General Provisions

In view of the number of displaced persons in the Northern Caucasus and the strain that this is placing on federal executive bodies, authorities of the constituent members of the Russian Federation and the local population, the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation intend to continue to cooperate in providing humanitarian assistance to civilians affected by the situation in the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation as well as those IDPs returning there.

Annex A

United Nations humanitarian action is based on and guided by standard humanitarian principles, in particular humanity, impartiality, and neutrality, as contained in the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, the two Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977, and General Assembly Resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991.

Paragraph 2: Counterpart Arrangements

The United Nations, its agencies, and their partners will continue to work with different ministries and agencies of the Russian Federation, in particular the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (hereafter referred to as EMERCOM of Russia), and the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation and other relevant ministries, as well as with authorities of the constituent members of the Russian Federation, and local communities.

Paragraph 3: Coordination

The United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation, through EMERCOM of Russia, intend to continue to facilitate coordination of humanitarian assistance in the Northern Caucasus, including in the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation.

Paragraph 4: Needs Assessments

The United Nations, its agencies, and their partners will conduct needs assessments, as and when appropriate and, in the case of the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation, as soon as security modalities have been established. Needs assessments, carried out by technically competent personnel and based on standard criteria used by the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners, shall form the basis of humanitarian programmes.

Paragraph 5: Programme Implementation and Monitoring

The Government of the Russian Federation intends to facilitate the access of the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners to populations in the affected areas.

The Government of the Russian Federation intends to support the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners to ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches only targeted beneficiaries. The Government of the Russian Federation intends to facilitate regular monitoring visits by the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners in affected areas of the Northern Caucasus, including in the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian Federation, to review programme implementation and to adjust humanitarian action, as appropriate.

Paragraph 6: Transport and Storage

The Government of the Russian Federation, through EMERCOM of Russia, intends to support the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners in the transport and storage of relief supplies to the affected areas, in particular to the Republic of Chechnya of the Russian 2 Annex A

Federation. Separate operational agreements regarding the delivery of assistance will be concluded as necessary between the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners and EMERCOM of Russia.

Paragraph 7: Security

The Government of the Russian Federation will continue to work to ensure the security of the staff of the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners in accordance with the standards set by the United Nations Security Co-ordinator (UNSECOORD), and in cooperation with the United Nations Designated Official for security in the Russian Federation. Specific security arrangements may be agreed upon between the UN Designated Official for security in the Russian Federation and the relevant Russian authorities.

Paragraph 8: Visas

The Government of the Russian Federation will issue visas as quickly as possible to the staff of the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners engaged in humanitarian action in the Northern Caucasus.

Paragraph 9: Customs

The Government of the Russian Federation will take necessary measures to facilitate and expedite on a priority basis customs clearances in respect to relief items imported into the Russian Federation by the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners.

Paragraph 10: Communications

The Government of the Russian Federation will support the efforts of the United Nations, its agencies, and their partners, to clear and register communications equipment used by their staff, including HF and VHF radios and satellite and mobile telephones, and to have access to radio frequencies essential for security and for humanitarian action in the Northern Caucasus.

Paragraph 11: Final Considerations

The United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation may negotiate an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation on humanitarian action in the Northern Caucasus.

The present Memorandum was signed in Moscow, on 16 August 2000, in two copies in the English and Russian languages.

(signature on original) (signature on original) ______For the United Nations For the Government of the Russia Federation

3 Annex B

Table A: Funding to the 2001 UN Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Northern Caucasus (Russian Federation)

Summary of Requirements and contributions - By Appealing Agency as of 20 June 2001

Appealing Original Revised Pledges / Unmet Requirements Agency Requirements Requirements Contributions Requirements Covered (US$) (US$) (US$) (US$) % WFP 23,949,762 16,774,536 5,739,084 11,035,452 34.2% UNHCR 8,398,800 7,172,507 3,749,825 3,422,682 52.3% UNICEF 5,054,000 5,054,000 2,010,977 3,043,023 39.8% WHO 3,723,000 3,723,000 266,900 3,456,100 7.2% OCHA / UN 2,056,363 2,015,920 1,164,865 851,055 57.8% UNDP 745,000 400,000 0 400,000 0.0% FAO 719,000 0 / / / UNFPA 225,000 225,000 0 225,000 0.0%

TOTAL 44,870,925 35,364,963 12,931,651 22,433,312 36.6%

Annex B

Table B: 2001 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for the Northern Caucasus (Russian Federation)

Donor Breakdown of Contributions and Pledges through Appealing Agency as of 20 June 2001

A. NON-FOOD AID

Donor Channel Amount (US$) Canada UNHCR 261,438 Canada WHO 127,300 Canada UNICEF 196,077 Cyprus OCHA 3,000 European Union / ECHO UNHCR 930,177 European Union / ECHO WHO 139,600 European Union / ECHO OCHA 186,098 Finland UNHCR 301,142 Germany UNHCR 316,450 Netherlands OCHA 141,942 Netherlands UNHCR 625,615 Netherlands UNICEF 521,350 Private (Bahrain) UNHCR 36,000 Private (France) UNHCR 2,809 Private (Germany) UNHCR 70,491 Private (Saudi Arabia) UNHCR 31,017 Sweden OCHA 403,825 Sweden UNICEF 523,550 UN Multilateral UNHCR 844,686 United Kingdom OCHA 330,000 United Kingdom UNHCR 330,000 United Kingdom UNICEF 670,000 United States OCHA 100,000 United States UNICEF 100,000 TOTAL - NON FOOD (Part A) 7,192,567

B. FOOD AID

Donor Channel Amount (US$) Canada WFP 700,637 Denmark WFP 459,461 Japan WFP 1,219,179 Netherlands WFP 800,000 Sweden WFP 1,060,090 Switzerland WFP 499,717 United Kingdom WFP 1,000,000 TOTAL - FOOD AID (Part B) 5,739,084

GRAND TOTAL 12,931,651

Annex B

Table C: Additional Humanitarian Assistance to the Russian Federation outside of the framework of the UN Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal as of July 9, 2001

Note that this table is comprehensive to the extent that decisions have been reported to OCHA

Donor Channel Amount (US$)

Canada ICRC 326,797

Denmark DRB 2,241,379

Finland ICRC 462,250

Germany HCC 160,719

Germany ICRC 333,027

Germany ASB 112,785

Germany HFe.V 74,515

Germany Help 126,221

Germany JOIN 41,662

Netherlands ACF 219,338

Switzerland SDR 16,854

Switzerland SDC 26,163

United Kingdom ICRC 2,536,231

Grand Total 6,677,914

Annex C From Purchase to Final Distribution: UN Agency Monitoring in the Northern Caucasus

UNHCR1

PURCHASE AND DELIVERY TO WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSING2 DISTRIBUTION Local purchase (stoves, wood, clothes etc.): è UNHCR field office determines need A. The UNHCR warehouse in Stavropol is è UNHCR transports goods from Stavropol to è UNHCR organizes tender and bidding managed by a Russian private company. Nazran è Supplier transports to Stavropol (Stavropol UNHCR logisticians supervise the loading and Krai) or Nazran (Ingushetia) and delivers to unloading process. è Danish Refugee Council transports goods UNHCR warehouse from Nazran to final distribution points B. The UNHCR warehouse in Nazran is managed by an international NGO (Danish è Delivery to Refugee Council). UNHCR logisticians a) IDP camps in Ingushetia: direct distribution supervise the loading and unloading process. by Danish Refugee Council under supervision of UNHCR monitors b) spontaneous settlements in Ingushetia: distribution by local authorities in presence of Danish Refugee Council monitors, checked by UNHCR monitors c) Chechnya: distribution by local authorities in presence of Danish Refugee Council monitors

è Danish Refugee Council sends final distribution report to UNHCR International purchase (tents, blankets etc.) è UNHCR field office determines need Same as above. Same as above. è UNHCR organizes tender and bidding è Supplier transports to Vladikavkaz (North- Ossetia) è EMERCOM clears goods at customs è EMERCOM transports goods from Vladikavkaz to UNHCR warehouse in Stavropol (Stavropol) or in Nazran (Ingushetia)3.

1 ‘Way-bills’ accompany all items during transport from purchase to final delivery and are controlled by UNHCR logisticians. 2 Vladikavkaz has no secured warehousing facilities. 3 Vladikavkaz (North-Ossetia) and Makhachkala (Dagestan) are the only places in the northern Caucasus, which provide customs clearance facilities.

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in the Russian Federation, 31 December 2000 Annex C From Purchase to Final Distribution: UN Agency Monitoring in the Northern Caucasus

UNICEF1

PURCHASE AND DELIVERY TO WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSING DISTRIBUTION Local purchase (incl. all medicines): è UNICEF field office determines need The UNICEF warehouse in Nazran is managed by è UNICEF or implementing partner (Ministry of è UNICEF organizes tender and bidding UNICEF. UNICEF logisticians supervise the Education, EMERCOM, State Committee on è Supplier transports goods to Nazran and loading and unloading process. Water, NGO) transport goods to final delivers to UNICEF warehouse in Nazran distribution points (Ingushetia). è Distribution a) In Ingushetia: direct distribution by UNICEF (for Mine Awareness), or NGO, EMERCOM, Ministry of Education, State Committee on Water, in presence of UNICEF monitors b) In Chechnya: NGOs distribute goods

è Implementing partner sends final distribution report to UNICEF

International purchase: è UNICEF field office determines need Same as above Same as above è UNICEF-Copenhagen organizes tender and bidding è Supplier or UNICEF transports to Vladikavkaz (North-Ossetia) è EMERCOM clears goods at customs è Private company transports from Vladikavkaz to UNICEF warehouse in Nazran (Ingushetia).

1 ‘Way-bills’ accompany all items during transport from purchase to final delivery and are controlled by UNICEF logisticians.

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in the Russian Federation, 31 December 2000 Annex C From Purchase to Final Distribution: UN Agency Monitoring in the Northern Caucasus

WFP1

PURCHASE AND DELIVERY TO WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSING DISTRIBUTION Local purchase (80% of total): è WFP field office determines need The WFP warehouse in Nazran is managed by an è An international NGO transports food from è WFP organizes tender and bidding international NGO (Danish Refugee Council). WFP WFP warehouse to final distribution points è Supplier transports to Nazran (Ingushetia) and logisticians supervise the loading and unloading delivers to WFP warehouse. process. è Delivery a) in Ingushetia Distribution by international NGO (Danish Refugee Council, Islamic Relief) under supervision of WFP monitors b) in Chechnya Distribution by international NGO (CPCD, Danish Refugee Council, PINF)

è NGO sends final distribution report to WFP

International purchase (20% of total) è WFP field office determines need Same as above. Same as above. è WFP organizes tender and bidding è WFP or donor transports to Vladikavkaz (North-Ossetia) è EMERCOM clears goods at customs è EMERCOM transports food from Vladikavkaz to WFP warehouse in Nazran (Ingushetia)

1 ‘Way-bills’ accompany all items during transport from purchase to final delivery and are controlled by WFP logisticians.

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in the Russian Federation, 31 December 2000 Annex C From Purchase to Final Distribution: UN Agency Monitoring in the Northern Caucasus

WHO

PURCHASE AND DELIVERY TO WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSING DISTRIBUTION Local purchase of consumables and equipment (100% of total): None è Delivery in Mozdok or Nazran to è Ministry of Health (MoH) determines need representatives of beneficiary hospitals. (Ad- è WHO Geneva approves list of items hoc monitoring by WHO). è MoH organizes tender and bidding è WHO and MoH select supplier and sign è Beneficiary hospital sends final distribution contract with supplier report to WHO è MoH transports to Nazran (Ingushetia) or Mozdok (North-Ossetia) and delivers to representatives of beneficiary health structures.

UNFPA

PURCHASE AND DELIVERY TO WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSING DISTRIBUTION Local purchase of consumables and equipment (100% of total): Warehousing at the health care centres in Nazran. è Delivery to beneficiary hospitals (ad-hoc è UNFPA determines need monitoring by UNFPA) è UNFPA organizes tender and bidding è Ministry of Health (MoH) transports to Nazran, è Beneficiary health care centre sends final (Ingushetia) and delivers to health care distribution report to UNFPA centres.

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in the Russian Federation, 31 December 2000 Annex D

Information on the Progress of Rehabilitation Work in the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation1

Restoration of Power and Gas Supply and the Oil Industry

Power Sector In the power sector, it is envisaged to allocate about Rb 2 billion [about US$ 70 million] from RAO UES of Russia funds.

The Joint-Stock Company Grozenergo has been placed in charge of the power supply restoration effort. To date, over 1,000 out of the 2,400 km of power transmission lines of 35 and 110 kW, and 51 out of the 110 power substations have been restored and put into operation.

As a result of the repair and restoration work, electric power is now supplied to 206 settlements in 12 rayons of the Republic (altogether there are approximately 450 settlements on the territory of the Republic). In Grozny, electric power is supplied to City Hospital # 9, the municipal sanitation and epidemics control station, Territorial Branch of the Emergency Management Ministry, and Mayor’s Office. Further power supply to consumers is hindered by the fact that transmission lines in human settlements had been destroyed entirely.

It is envisaged to restore, by the end of 2000: n Over 660 km of transmission lines to the amount of Rb 378 million [US$ 13 million]; n 48 power substations to the amount of Rb 191 million [US$ 6.5 million]; n Combined Power-and-Heating Plant # 4 to the amount of Rb 129 million [US$ 4.5 million]; and n 250 equipment storage booths to the amount of Rb 50 million [US$ 1.7 million] are to be delivered and installed.

Gas Supply and Gasification The Trunk Pipeline Management Department Kaspiy—Gazprom is the major operator of gas supply facilities. The State Enterprise Chechengazifikatsiya is responsible for maintenance and repair of low and medium pressure gas pipelines.

As of early October 2000, 22 km of trunk gas pipelines and 48 km of low and medium pressure gas pipelines have been restored. Gas is currently supplied to 99 settlements, of which to 75 on a sustainable basis. Gas is supplied via 19 gas distribution stations. Gas distribution stations No. 1 and No. 2 have been put into operation in Grozny, which allows to supply gas to all the districts of the city. Repair is under way of the gas pipeline Mozdok-Kazi-Magomed across the Terek River.

Restoration of gas supply facilities is conducted at the expense of Gazprom and the Reserve Fund of the Government of the Russian Federation envisaged for prevention and elimination of the consequences of natural and man-made emergencies (emergency work). By the present time, Rb 131.4 million [US$ 4.5 million] out of the Rb 219 million has been disbursed. Besides, Rb 29.5 million [US$ 1 million] has been allocated to finance emergency work.

1 This information was supplied by the Deputy Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations, Yuri N. Isakov, in New York, on 27 November 2000.

Annex D

Oil Industry The Government of the Russian Federation issued a Resolution on priority measures towards restoration of the oil and gas sector in the Chechen Republic, which stipulates the creation of an affiliated open joint-stock company Grozneftegaz under the OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya Rosneft on the territory of the Republic. It is planned to transfer to this joint stock company, in accordance with the established procedure, the state-owned oil & gas facilities located on the territory of the Republic. 49 percent of shares of the joint stock company Grozneftegaz will be handed over to the Chechen Republic in compliance with the Russian legislation. It is envisaged that the profits from the export of Chechen oil will be used for rehabilitation of the oil & gas sector of the Chechen Republic and for social sector development purposes.

Rehabilitation of Transport and Transport Infrastructure Railway Transport It is envisaged to spend Rb 1,990 million [US$ 70,000] on the rehabilitation of railway transport in 2000. This year witnessed rehabilitation of railway stations in Gudermes, Isherskaya, Alpatovo, Naurskaya, Terek, Chervlyonaya, Chervlyonaya-Uzlovaya, power substations in Isherskaya, Terek, Gudermes, station track in Grozny. In a number of railway sections, power supply has been restored both on a permanent and temporary basis, and 21 relay stations have been installed.

Work is underway to rehabilitate the railway hospital in Gudermes, 23 residential houses in Chervlyonaya-Uzlovaya and Gudermes and a school in Gudermes.

Motor Transport and Rehabilitation of Roads. By the present time, 110 buses have resumed work on 41 routes on the territory of the Republic of Chechnya.

Design and budget documentation has been worked out for public transport rehabilitation in Grozny. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation is organizing tenders to supply rolling-stock and conduct construction work in the transport sector of the Chechen Republic. Work is under way to repair and maintain federal and republican roads, and to procure road building machinery. Rb 130 million [US$ 4.5 million] has been allocated for these purposes.

Agro-Industrial Sector Rehabilitation For the first time in the past four years, 84,300 hectares has been ploughed in the Republic this year.

In early 2000, the Government of the Russian Federation allocated Rb 342 million [US$ 11.8 million] to procure seeds, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, spare parts and agricultural machinery. The Republic received 326 units of various agricultural machinery, including 692 tractors.

The Republic conducted harvesting and ploughing for winter crops at the same time. Over Rb 200 million [US$ 6.9 million] has been allocated for harvesting.

The plan for the next year calls for rehabilitation of livestock breeding facilities and plant growing (including vineyards), major land improvement facilities and a number of food- processing plants.

Education Sector Rehabilitation In 2000, three higher education institutions and eleven vocational schools under the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation were operating in 2000 thanks to the allocation of Rb 48.6 million [US$ 1.7 million] from the federal budget.

Annex D

Besides, an Rb additional 4.7 million [US$ 162,000] was allocated by the Ministry for the purchase of two computer classes for general education institutions, advanced training of general education workers, etc.

During nine months of the year, the allocation for financing institutions under the Administration of the Chechen Republic amounted to Rb 188 million, of which Rb 93 million [US $3.2 million] for the payment of salaries, Rb 11 million [US $380,000] for text-books and writing materials procurement, Rb 46 million [US $1.6 million] for routine maintenance, Rb 18 million [US$ 620,000] for the procurement of furniture, equipment and motor vehicles.

Repair and rehabilitation work has been completed in 247 out of the 337 general education institutions included in the rehabilitation plan, and 87 institutions are now operational.

As a result of the restoration of the education management system in the Chechen Republic, tuition was resumed in 389 out of the 452 general education institutions. 2,050 students entered higher education institutions, and, as of the beginning of the academic year, the total number of students at higher education institutions of the Chechen Republic reached 18,300, at vocational schools – 4,800, and at primary vocational schools – 4,200.

Besides, higher education institutions in the Russian Federation envisaged the enrolment of 348 school graduates from Chechnya, as well as 775 students for preparatory departments, including 575 students at higher education institutions in Grozny. Entry contest of school graduates has been conducted at the State Teachers Training Institute of Chechnya. For the benefit of school leavers the period of entrance examinations was extended till the 21st of August and the enrolment period till the 10th of September 2000.

220 applicants for 348 target vacancies participated in the contest exams, 120 of them won the contest and entered higher education institutions.

Rehabilitation of the pre-school education system has been started. At present, 16 pre-school institutions are operational, accommodating about 1,000 children.

Rehabilitation of Public Health System Repair of medical institutions and provision of medical equipment is under-way in the Republic, medical supplies are being procured and a package of anti-epidemiological activities is being implemented. The federal budget has allocated Rb 300 million [US$ 10.3 million] for the rehabilitation of medical institutions and resumption of operations before the end of the year.

Social Assistance Employment agencies have been created in all the rayons of the Republic in order to promote employment. Construction and rehabilitation of residential houses, agricultural activities, harvesting, processing and storage of agricultural produce, livestock breeding, forestry, transport and communication services, care of the elderly, disabled and sick people continued to be the main types of public works in the Chechen Republic in the current year.

As of the 1st October 2000 38,691 persons took part in the public works programs and Rb 14.4 million [US$ 500,000] was disbursed for these purposes.

Rehabilitation of the state service of medical and social expert commissions is under way.

Provision of prosthetic and orthopaedic assistance to the population of the Chechen Republic has been organized on the basis of prosthetic and orthopaedic medical institutions in the Stavropol Krai and Rostov Oblast. At the same time, measures are being taken to ensure resumed operation of the prosthetic and orthopaedic institution in Grozny.

Annex D

Pensions Monthly payment of pensions is ensured in the Republic.

As of the 20th November 2000, Rb 983 million roubles [US$ 34 million] were paid out as pensions.

Budget Sector Salaries Thanks to the efforts of the federal Government, the issue of payment of salaries to the budget sector employees – in public health, education, and culture -- has been addressed. Child allowances are paid on a regular basis. As of the 11th November 2000 Rb 16 million [US$ 550,000] and Rb 156 million [US$ 5.4 million] respectively was allocated from the federal budget to pay salaries to budget sector workers, and child allowances.

Humanitarian Operations In the course of anti-terrorist operations on the territory of the Chechen Republic a complex of measures has been implemented to set up IDP camps, ensure acceptable conditions for life support of the affected populations, including supply of food, water, pharmaceuticals and medical services, sanitary & hygienic and epidemiological activities, delivery of humanitarian aid. At different point in time, this work was conducted by the specialists of the Emergency Management Ministry of Russia, Ministry of Public Health of Russia, Ministry of Education of Russia, Defence Ministry of Russia and the Federal Migration Service with the support of subjects of the Russian Federation.

Relocation, accommodation and food distribution was organized for about 250,000 IDPs, and 12 IDP camps were created.

Medical assistance was provided to 78,162 persons, 186 tons of medical supplies were delivered, 2 field hospitals were created, and 23 medical institutions were rehabilitated. 16,500 tons of emergency aid and 11,798 tons of international humanitarian aid (UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP) was delivered as part of the humanitarian effort.

Temporary accommodation centres for IDPs from Chechnya have been built on the territory of the Republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya and accommodation of IDPs in private sector has been organized.

At present, the responsibility for financing temporary accommodation centres has been transferred to the Ministry for the Affairs of the Federation, Nationalities and Migration Policy, which incorporated the Federal Migration Service in May 2000.

Annex E

List of Personalities

Alikhodzhiev, Sherip Head of Shali Administration, Republic of Chechnya, Chairman of the Council of Heads of Local Administrations in Chechnya Aslakhanov, Aslambek Chechen Representative to the State Duma Aushev, Ruslan President of the Republic of Ingushetia Babichev, Ivan Former Military Governor of Chechnya (replaced by Kizyum) Baranov, Valery Commander of the United Group of Russian Troops in the Northern Caucasus Blokhin, Alexandr Minister of the Affairs of Federation, National & Migration Policy Bokovikov, Vladimir Deputy to the RF President's Special Representative in the Southern Federal Region (Coordinator for Chechnya) Chaika, Yury Minister of Justice Dyomin, Yury Chief Military Attorney Dzasokhov, Alexandr President of North Ossetia Fedotov, Yury Director of the MFA Department of International Organisations Gantamirov, Beslan Chief Inspector for the Southern Federal Region (Former Mayor of Grozny) Gairibekova, Isita Head of Nozhai-Yurt Administration, Republic of Chechnya Golubev, Ivan Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs; Acting Head of the Ministry of Interior Task Force for the Northern Caucasus Gryzlov, Boris Minister of Internal Affairs (Former 'Edinstvo' Faction Leader in the State Duma) Ilyasov, Stanislav Prime-Minister of Chechnya Ivanov, Igor Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivanov, Sergey Minister of Defence (Former Secretary of the Security Council) Kadirov, Akhmad Head of Chechen Administration Kalamanov, Vladimir RF President's Special Representative for Human Rights in Chechnya Kasyanov, Mikhail RF Prime-Minister Kazantsev, Viktor RF President's Special Representative in the Southern Federal Region Khadzhiyev, Salambek Former Prime-Minister of Chechnya (1994-1995) Khasbulatov, Ruslan Former Speaker of RF Supreme Council Khristenko, Viktor RF Deputy Prime-Minister Kizyum, Sergey Military Governor of Chechnya Klebanov, Ilia RF Deputy Prime-Minister Koshman, Nikolay Former Plenipotentiary Presidential Representative in Chechnya (replaced by Kadyrov) Krasheninnikov, Pavel Chairman of the State Duma Legislation Committee and Head of the Russian Independent Commission to Investigate Violations of Human Rights in Chechnya Kudrin, Alexey Deputy Prime-Minister, Minister of Finance

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA office in the Russian Federation - June 2001 Annex E

Kvashnin, Anatoly First Deputy Minister of Defence, Head of General Staff, Armed Forces; Member of the Security Council Magomadov, Adlan Representative Plenipotentiary of the Chechen Republic to the RF President Matvienko, Valentina Deputy Prime-Minister for Social Affairs Mironov, Oleg Human Rights Commissioner Nikolayev, Andrey Chairman of the State Duma Commission for Defence Patrushev, Nikolay Head of the Federal Security Service (FSB) Rogozhin, Dmitry Chairman of the State Duma Committee for International Affairs Rushailo, Vladimir Secretary of the Security Council (Former Minister of Internal Affairs) Saidullaev, Malik Chairman of the State Council of Chechnya Seleznyov, Gennady Speaker of the State Duma Sergeyev, Igor Former Minister of Defence Shamayev, Akhmat-KhadzhiChechen Mufti (religious leader) Shpak, Georgy Commander of the Air-Assault Troops Slutsky, Leonid Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee for International Affairs Stas'kov, Nikolay Deputy Commander of the Air-Assault Troops Stepashin, Sergey Head of Audit Chamber (Former Prime-Minister, replaced by Putin) Troshev, Gennady Commander of the Northern Caucasus Military Region Tsepov, Boris Director of the MFA Department for International Humanitarian Cooperation & Human Rights Ustinov, Vladimir Attorney General Vasiliev, Vladimir Deputy Minister of Interior Yastrzhembsky, Sergey Assistant to RF President Yelagin, Vladimir Minister for the Coordination of Activities of Federal Agencies, Aimed at Improving Social and Economic Development in Chechnya

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA office in the Russian Federation - June 2001 Annex F Committee for Defence Prime Deputy Head; A. Nikolayev, Chairman Minister Representative in Moscow S. Ilyasov A.Magomadov Legislation Committee State Duma G. Seleznyov, P.Krasheninnikov, Chairman Speaker Committee for International Affairs L. Slutsky, Head of the Administration D. Rogozhin, Chairman Deputy Chairman President’s Special of Chechnya Representative in A. Kadyrov President the Southern V. Putin Security Council Federal Region V.Rushailo, V. Kazantsev Deputy Prime Minister for Social Affairs V. Matvienko Secretary President’s Special Representative for Deputy Prime Minister Human Rights in Prime Minister I. Klebanov Chechnya M. Kasyanov V. Kalamanov Deputy Prime Minister; Chairman of Government Commission on the Reestablishment of Normalcy in Chechnya V. Khristenko

Director of the Minister of Minister of Minister for the Minister of the Affairs of Federation, Minister of Minister Minister of Federal Security Internal Defence Coordination of National and Migration Policy Emercom of Justice Foreign Affairs Service Affairs S.Ivanov Activities in A. Blokhin S. Shoigu Y. Chaika I. Ivanov N.Patrushev B.Gryzlov Chechnya V. Yelagin

Deputy Minister Deputy Deputy Deputy Commander Commander Commander of Head of General Minister Minister Minister; of Air- of NC the United Staff, S. Ordzhonikidze V.Vasiliev I.Golubev Commander- Assault Military Group of Armed Forces; in-Chief of Troops Region Russian Troops Member of the Internal Troops G. Shpak G. Troshev in the NC Security Council Director of Chief of the S. Kavun V. Baranov A. Kvashnin the Dept. of Dept. for Int‘l Int’l Humanit. Coop. Organisations & Human Rights Military Governor Y.Fedotov B.Tsepov of Chechnya S.Kizyum Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA office in the Russian Federation - June 2001 Annex G

President, Russian Federation Vladimir Putin

Deputy Head of Administration; Head of Chechen Presidential Representative, Representative in Moscow Administration Southern Federal Region Akhmed Magomadov Akhmad-Khadji Kadyrov Gen. Viktor Kazantsev

Vice-Premier Chief Inspector for the Deputy Presidential Deputy Head of Yuri Em Southern Federal Rep., Southern Federal Administration; Premier (coordination with the Region Region Lt.-Gen. Stanislav Ilyasov “power” authorities) Beslan Gantamirov Vladimir Bokovikov

Vice-Premier Viktor Aleksentsev

Minister of Mayor of Minister of Housing Minister of Minister of Minister of Minister Minister of Press, Industry, Grozny and Communal Education Culture Labour & Social Agriculture & TV, Radio & Mass Science, Services Lema Movla Protection Food Communications Communications Abu Sugaipov Dadaev Osmaev Magomed Dukuvakha Vasily Vasilenko & Informatization Vakhaev Abdurakhmanov Musa Doshukaev

Prepared by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA office in the Russian Federation - June 2001 Annex H

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAR Association for Aid and Relief ACF Action Contre la Faim ACT/HIA Action by Churches/Hungarian Interchurch Aid AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ARD Agency for Rehabilitation and Development

BIF Benevolence International Foundation

CARE CARE International Chechnya Republic of Chechnya, Russian Federation CPCD Centre for Peacemaking and Community Development

Dagestan Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation DAI Dorcas Aid International DDG/DCA Danish Demining Group/Dan Church Aid DRC Danish Refugee Council

EMERCOM Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters EPI Expanded Programme on Immunisation

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FFW Food-for-work

GICHD Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining

HDR Human Development Report HF Hammer Forum HI Handicap International HIA Hungarian Interchurch Aid HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP Internally displaced person IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross IHL International Humanitarian Law ILO International Labour Organization IMC International Medical Corps IMSMA International Management System for Mine Action Ingushetia Republic of Ingushetia, Russian Federation IOM International Organization for Migration IR Islamic Relief IRC International Rescue Committee

MCH Mother-child Health MDM Médecins du Monde Ministry of Federation Ministry on the Affairs of Federation, Nationalities and Migration Policy MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoE Ministry of Education MoH Ministry of Health MSF-B Médecins sans Frontières - Belgium MSF-F Médecins sans Frontières - France MSF-H Médecins sans Frontières - Holland MTs Metric tonnes

NGO Non-governmental organisation

Annex H

OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ORS Oral rehydration salts OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

PHC Primary health care PHO Polish Humanitarian Organisation PINF People in Need Foundation

RRC Russian Red Cross RUBOP Regional Department to Combat Organized Crime

SARC Saudi Arabia Red Crescent SDR/SDC Swiss Disaster Relief/Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SES Sanitary and epidemiological station STI Sexually transmitted infections

TB Tuberculosis

UBOP Department to Combat Organized Crime UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UXO Unexploded ordnance UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNSECOORD United Nations Security Coordinator

Vodokanal Municipal Water Supply Utility VoM Voice of the Mountains

WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WV World Vision

Zashchita All Russian Institute for Disaster Medicine

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