1
IN THE MATTER OF THE JOINT REVIEW PANEL ("JOINT PANEL")
ESTABLISHED TO REVIEW THE SITE C CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT
("PROJECT") PROPOSED BY BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDRO
AND POWER AUTHORITY ("BC HYDRO")
CANADA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY
AND
BRITISH COLUMBIA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OFFICE
______
PROCEEDINGS AT HEARING
Topic-Specific Session
(Day 2)
Local and Socio-Economic Environment
January 21, 2014
Volume 26
Pages 1 to 285
______
C o p y
______
Held at:
Pomeroy Hotel - Scott Pomeroy Ballroom 11308 Alaska Road Fort St. John, British Columbia
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APPEARANCES JOINT REVIEW PANEL: Dr. Harry Swain - Chairman Ms. Jocelyne Beaudet Mr. Jim Mattison
Brian Wallace, Esq. (Legal Counsel)
THE SECRETARIAT:
Courtney Trevis (panel Co-Manager) Brian Murphy (panel Co-Manager)
PARTICIPANTS:
Craig Godsoe, Esq., BC Hydro (Legal Counsel) Peter Feldberg, Esq., BC Hydro (Legal Counsel) Ms. Bridget Gilbride, BC Hydro (Legal Counsel)
REALTIME COURT REPORTING:
Mainland Reporting Services, Inc.
Nancy Nielsen, RPR, CSR(A), RCR Diane Huggins, OCR
AUDIO/SOUND SYSTEM:
AVW-TELAV Audio Visual Solutions
Alex Barbour. Technical Services Representative.
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 3
INDEX OF PROCEEDINGS
DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
Opening remarks by the Chairman: 7
BC Hydro Panel: 7
Susan Yurkovich. Siobhan Jackson. Alex Izett. Trevor Proverbs. Judy Reynier. D'Arcy Green. Daryl Harrison. Gary Robinson. Steve Nicol. Jeff Lundgren.
Opening remarks by BC Hydro: 9
Presentation by Kwadacha First Nation, 13 by Maya Stano, Legal Counsel:
Presentation by Dr. Charl Badenhorst: 27
Presentation by Penny Gagnon, Fort 47 St. John Child Development Centre:
Ministry of Forestry, Lands and Natural 61 Resources Operations Panel:
Ben Naylor (Legal Counsel). Jennifer Davis. Peter Harrison. Chris Addison. Dr. Kristy Ciruna.
Introduction of the Ministry of Forest, 61 Lands and Natural Resources Operations Panel by Mr. Ben Naylor:
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Presentation by Ms. Jennifer Davies, 63 Ministry of Forestry, Lands and Natural Resources Operations:
BC Hydro Panel: 129
Susan Yurkovich. Siobhan Jackson. Alex Izett. Trevor Proverbs. Judy Reynier. Bettina Sander. Celesa Horvath. Jeff Lundgren. Brent Mossop. Dave Mormorek.
Presentation by Mr. Brian Churchill, 130 Peace Conservation and Endowment Trust:
Presentation by Dr. Kristy Ciruna, 160 Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations:
Presentation by Mr. Neil Thompson, 202 (Atmospheric):
Saulteau First Nations Panel: 229
Jesse McCormick (Legal Counsel). Rick Palmer (via telephone). Alyssa Murdoch (via telephone).
Presentation by Jesse McCormack, Legal 229 Counsel for Saulteau First Nations:
Introduction of the Saulteau First 231 Nations panel, by Mr. Jesse McCormick:
Presentation by Mr. Rick Palmer, 238 Saulteau First Nations:
Continued presentation by Mr. Jesse 243 McCormick, Saulteau First Nations:
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Presentation by Ms. Alyssa Murdoch, 245 Saulteau First Nations:
Continued presentation by Mr. Jesse 248 McCormick, Saulteau First Nations:
Comments by Mr. Brent Mossop, BC Hydro: 252
Closing comments by BC Hydro: 262
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INDEX OF UNDERTAKINGS
DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
UNDERTAKING 88: To confirm air quality 9 numbers in Volume 2, Appendix L, Table G8
UNDERTAKING 89: Provide link for 84 guidelines for dealing with overlapping tenure holders on the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations website
UNDERTAKING 90: Provide the source of 115 information for the study within the land and resource management planning boundary for Dawson Creek and how far back that information goes
UNDERTAKING 91: Provide the suite of 183 species and more information about the results and what the species were in the study
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1 Tuesday, January 21st, 2014
2 Fort St. John, British Columbia
3
4 Topic-Specific Session:
5 (Day 2)
6 Local and Socio-Economic Environment
7
8 (Proceedings commenced at 9:00 a.m.)
9
10 Opening remarks by the Chairman:
11 THE CHAIRMAN: Good morning, everybody. And
12 welcome to the final day of the consideration of
13 local and socio-economic topics.
14
15 BC Hydro Panel:
16
17 Susan Yurkovich.
18 Siobhan Jackson.
19 Alex Izett.
20 Trevor Proverbs.
21 Judy Reynier.
22 D'Arcy Green.
23 Daryl Harrison.
24 Gary Robinson.
25 Steve Nicol.
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1 Jeff Lundgren.
2
3 THE CHAIRMAN: I will spare you my usual opening
4 speech in favour of a leftover question on air
5 quality from my colleague, Madam Beaudet.
6 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
7 There was one more question of clarification
8 of verifications, if you want, that I forgot to
9 ask, I think it was yesterday. It's in the EIS,
10 volume 2, Appendix L, air quality technical data
11 report.
12 In table G.8: maximum predicted
13 concentrations of particulate matter with
14 background at schools. The column of particulate
15 matter, 2.5, 24-hour, gives for all the schools a
16 value of 16 microgram per cubic metre.
17 Now, when -- I was wondering why it's like
18 that? Is it a mistake or if chosen a basic
19 quantity, or ...
20 So if you can look at that and come back,
21 please. You may not have your air quality person
22 here.
23 There he is.
24 If there is an answer to that right away,
25 maybe we can just deal with it.
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1 MR. DAVID CHADDER: Good morning. I'm David
2 Chadder from RWDI. I'll have a look at and
3 reconfirm the numbers, but I'm pretty sure they are
4 correct. You'll see likewise amongst the PM10 5 numbers, and also the -- and several averaging
6 periods, the numbers are fairly consistent. So the
7 model is suggesting not much change amongst the
8 receptors, but I will reconfirm those numbers for
9 you.
10 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you very much.
11
12 UNDERTAKING 88: To confirm air quality numbers in
13 Volume 2, Appendix L, Table G8
14
15 THE CHAIRMAN: And I'd like to turn now to
16 Hydro for their opening remarks.
17
18 Opening remarks by BC Hydro:
19 MS. YURKOVICH: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
20 Good morning, panel. My remarks this morning will
21 be brief, as we are carrying on from the local
22 socio-economic topics.
23 I note we have a number of presentations from
24 parties today, and I just would make a few comments
25 about a couple of them.
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1 Today, we will hear from Northern Health. We
2 have had very constructive discussions with
3 Northern Health representatives about what health
4 services BC Hydro should plan to provide directly,
5 such as first-aid and physician care. And which
6 health services are appropriately delivered by
7 Northern Health such as specialized hospital
8 services.
9 We appreciate the leadership of Northern
10 Health in conducting recent and ongoing research
11 into camps from a perspective of both worker and
12 community health.
13 We look forward to working with Northern
14 Health, further incorporating the results of their
15 research and recommendations into our plans and
16 policies as we move forward.
17 We'll also hear from the Fort St. John
18 development centre. We do understand there are
19 existing stresses on social service agencies,
20 particularly, non-profit groups like the Fort St.
21 John development centre.
22 For that reason, BC Hydro has proposed a
23 number of measures to support Social Services,
24 including providing, amongst other things, $100,000
25 each year of construction to support non-profit
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1 organizations in the north and south Peace. These
2 funds will be provided -- will provide resources to
3 be determined by the local non-profit sector to
4 areas of greatest need.
5 We've also committed to provide financial
6 support to emergency and transition housing service
7 providers, and these are outlined in the draft Fort
8 St. John proposal for mitigation.
9 We'll hear from Saulteau First Nation and
10 their fisheries consultants, who were rescheduled
11 from our aquatic session on January 13th.
12 We understand they will present this
13 afternoon on fish and fish habitat. I would note
14 that we met with Saulteau to review the preliminary
15 findings with them in October. Preliminary
16 findings of our effects assessment on fish and fish
17 habitat in October of 2012 prior to filing our EIS.
18 Our fisheries experts are back with us today,
19 and will be available to answer questions. And we
20 look forward to working with Saulteau to continue
21 our discussions around mitigation measures for fish
22 and fish habitat.
23 And, finally, I would just like to respond to
24 a question raised by Madam Beaudet yesterday. You
25 asked about our sustainability reporting and
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1 whether there were indicators for addressing
2 Aboriginal group social issues as part of being a
3 good corporate citizen.
4 We do report on our social performance as
5 part of our annual service plan, and benchmark our
6 performance against the Canadian electricity
7 associations sustainable electricity program.
8 In our service plan, we have a measure of
9 succeeding through relationships, which includes
10 Aboriginal groups.
11 We measure our performance for that through
12 the progressive Aboriginal relations program, which
13 is a program of the Canadian council of Aboriginal
14 business. This program includes a comprehensive
15 independent external verification and measures an
16 organization success in four key areas, including
17 Aboriginal employment, business development,
18 community investment, and community engagement.
19 BC Hydro has an annual target of achieving
20 the gold level of standard, which is an indication
21 of sustained excellence in four areas. We achieved
22 that level in 2012, and we are committed to
23 maintaining it.
24 As well as part of the Canadian electricity
25 association's sustainable electricity program, we
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1 report each year on our sustainability performance,
2 including a social category that includes health
3 and safety, community investment, stakeholder
4 engagement, and Aboriginal Relations. This program
5 measures BC Hydro against other utilities.
6 And, finally, while not a measure, I just
7 would like to tell you about a program -- or a
8 committee that we have recently established. It's
9 a strategic engagement committee consisting of
10 First Nation leaders selected -- self-identified
11 and then selected by a group of Chiefs who will be
12 advising us on building stronger, enduring
13 relationships with First Nations in BC. And we
14 look forward very much to the advice that this new
15 committee will provide us as we move forward.
16 Thank you for the opportunity to make these
17 opening remarks. We look forward to today's
18 discussion.
19 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.
20 I would now like to call on Kwadacha First
21 Nation.
22
23 Presentation by Kwadacha First Nation, by Maya Stano,
24 Legal Counsel:
25 MS. MAYA STANO: Good morning.
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Good morning, Ms. Stano.
2 MS. MAYA STANO: My name is Maya Stano, and I
3 am here today to speak as legal counsel on behalf
4 of Kwadacha First Nation.
5 Before beginning my presentation, I would
6 like to recognize and thank the Treaty 8 First
7 Nations on whose Traditional Territories we are
8 here today.
9 Now, there are two key points that I will
10 raise with the panel today.
11 First, the cost and availability of goods and
12 services to the Kwadacha community of Fort Ware.
13 And, secondly, the cumulative effects of the
14 proposed Site C project, along with other past,
15 existing, and reasonably foreseeable projects in
16 the Peace region.
17 Now, although I'm here today --
18 THE CHAIRMAN: Could you pull the mic a
19 little closer to you.
20 MS. MAYA STANO: Yes.
21 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.
22 MS. MAYA STANO: Although I'm here today to
23 speak specifically to concerns for Kwadacha and its
24 members in Fort Ware, similar considerations may
25 also apply to other Peace River -- Peace region
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1 communities located more remotely from the project
2 site.
3 Turning to my first point. Kwadacha is
4 particularly concerned of the effects of Site C on
5 the increased use of regional goods and services,
6 and, in particular, the availability and cost of
7 construction materials, trades, trucking services,
8 community infrastructure, and social services in
9 Fort Ware and the surrounding centres.
10 Kwadacha already struggles with meeting the
11 needs of its stressed housing market and community
12 infrastructure needs in Fort Ware.
13 If the Site C project goes ahead, the long
14 projected construction period, coupled with the
15 current and projected boom of industrial activities
16 across the region, will further impact Kwadacha's
17 ability to meet its members' basic housing,
18 community infrastructure, and service needs with
19 likely and substantial cost increases and supply
20 complications for food and other important supplies
21 and materials to Fort Ware.
22 Today, virtually everything supplied to Fort
23 Ware comes in by truck over gravel road from Prince
24 George and Mackenzie. Now, this adds significant
25 costs to goods, fuel, and materials of every kind.
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1 Already, some companies are not willing to
2 come to Fort Ware at the best of times. Those that
3 do come, have to charge high enough rates to make
4 it worthwhile and to compensate for rough road
5 conditions and the associated damage to their
6 equipment.
7 Now, whether unstable road conditions also
8 compress Fort Ware's building season and can
9 dictate trucking schedules, this makes it
10 particularly critical that Kwadacha finds suppliers
11 that are both willing and able to work within these
12 severe constraints.
13 So it is reasonable to expect that these cost
14 and supply problems to Fort Ware will further
15 exacerbate as companies have the option to pursue
16 larger and more attractive and lucrative
17 opportunities with Site C and other projected
18 projects across the region.
19 In its EIS, BC Hydro has not adequately
20 assessed these potential impacts from the Site C
21 project, either alone or cumulatively with other
22 existing and projected projects. Instead, BC Hydro
23 has focused on the population levels in Fort Ware,
24 and the lack of projected change thereof as a
25 result of the Site C project.
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 17
1 Now, Kwadacha does not suggest that Fort
2 Ware's population will experience significant
3 changes if the project goes ahead. This is not the
4 concern that it has repeatedly raised.
5 Instead, it is the effects of the Site C
6 construction and the cumulative impacts from other
7 projects in the region on the availability and the
8 cost of community infrastructure and services,
9 construction materials, and trades to Fort Ware.
10 Now, Kwadacha notes that, although the
11 spatial boundaries of the LAA used in the Site C
12 EIS include Fort Ware, BC Hydro did not include
13 Fort Ware or other rural communities in its
14 assessment. Instead, the assessment focused on
15 Fort St. John and those communities from which
16 workers would commute to the project site during
17 construction.
18 Similarly, BC Hydro did not consider the
19 drain on goods and services from Prince George and
20 other similar centres in the region to support the
21 construction of Site C, as well as other existing
22 and reasonably foreseeable projects.
23 Now, Kwadacha members secure many of their
24 goods and services from Prince George. And, thus,
25 the impact on the availability of these goods and
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1 services will also have a significant impact on
2 Kwadacha members.
3 BC Hydro does note that training and
4 recruitment of new workers may partly offset labour
5 market imbalances. Kwadacha is, however, concerned
6 that this does not adequately address lag times
7 until those new workers have been adequately
8 trained, or until they have arrived into the
9 region.
10 Now, to more substantially mitigate the
11 likely impacts, Kwadacha recommends that BC Hydro
12 promptly initiate trades and equipment training for
13 its community members.
14 Empowering community members with the
15 necessary skills may help alleviate some -- and I
16 stress "some" -- of the impacts on the availability
17 of services in Fort Ware.
18 Further, in light of the uncertainty of
19 impacts associated with the long-term construction
20 period and the new projects, training opportunities
21 must also be guaranteed over the long-term, through
22 legally-enforceable commitments such as conditions
23 attached to the EA certificate, if it is issued.
24 In addition, training; although, an important
25 aspect, is not enough on its own. Efforts are also
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1 required to ensure that the quantity of general
2 goods and construction materials are adequately
3 maintained in the region such that surrounding
4 communities are not deprived of these essential
5 materials.
6 Notably; although, BC Hydro repeatedly
7 indicates that the bulk of goods and services would
8 not be procured locally, BC Hydro concurrently
9 highlights the millions of dollars that the
10 proposed project would generate for the regional
11 economy and local trades persons and contractors.
12 So these conflicting statements create
13 further uncertainty and jeopardize the credibility
14 of assessments and commitments made in the EIS.
15 I will now turn to my second point, which
16 pertains to the lack of adequate cumulative effects
17 assessment in the EIS.
18 Notably one of the key purposes of CEAA 2012
19 is to encourage the study of the cumulative effects
20 of physical activities on a regional basis.
21 The concerns I've raised today will only be
22 exacerbated by the other existing and reasonably
23 foreseeable physical activities across the Peace
24 region.
25 In addition, as I mentioned at the wildlife
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1 session, a cumulative effects assessment cannot be
2 limited to only existing and reasonably foreseeable
3 projects and physical activities.
4 It must also take into account past
5 activities as contextual evidence to determine the
6 seriousness of the potential impacts on the
7 proposed development that is under consideration.
8 This need is also clearly articulated in CEAA
9 2012 with provisions that speak to physical
10 activities that both have been and will be carried
11 out.
12 Thus, the temporal scope of the EA for the
13 Site C project should have been addressed from the
14 pre-industrial context, which is the only context
15 from which total cumulative effects over time can
16 be reasonably measured. So this means before the
17 Williston Reservoir was created.
18 Unfortunately, the EIS fails to provide an
19 adequate cumulative effects assessment. Instead,
20 it repeatedly concludes that there will be no
21 residual effects, leaving the cumulative effects
22 analysis of important aspects, including the labour
23 market and the regional economy incomplete.
24 Now, clearly, the duration and the size of
25 this proposed project would create significant
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 21
1 impacts to the region. Being a Crown corporation,
2 BC Hydro is well-positioned to consider the
3 cumulative impacts of its proposed project along
4 with those of past, existing, and reasonably
5 anticipated projects in the Peace region.
6 So this leads me to the need for a broader
7 regional planning approach for northern British
8 Columbia.
9 Douglas Eyford, the Special Federal
10 Representative on West Coast Energy Infrastructure
11 recently released his report titled Forging
12 Partnerships; Building Relationships, based on his
13 discussions with numerous First Nations and
14 regional stakeholder representatives across British
15 Columbia and Alberta.
16 In his report, Mr. Eyford acknowledged the BC
17 government's call for Canada to collaborate with it
18 on flexible and innovative approaches to address
19 Aboriginal issues.
20 Concurrently, Mr. Eyford noted that both
21 industry and Aboriginal groups have urged
22 governments to engage in land use planning on a
23 regional basis to identify and manage cumulative
24 effects.
25 Ongoing regional planning processes that
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1 establish desired environmental outcomes and
2 identify environmental thresholds to manage
3 subsequent land use decisions would help achieve
4 these goals in northern British Columbia.
5 It could also help to successfully build
6 prospering long-term relationships, which
7 Mr. Eyford described as requiring a foundation of
8 trust built on constructive dialogue, understanding
9 interests, and commitment to find solutions.
10 In Mr. Eyford's words:
11
12 "Shared interests encourage
13 constructive relationships."
14
15 In summary, I would like to provide the
16 following recommendations to the panel.
17 First, to address concerns about costs and
18 supply impacts on remote communities from drains on
19 regional goods and services, we recommend that a
20 forum or other mechanism be implemented through a
21 legally-binding agreement between BC Hydro and
22 communities in the Peace region, such as Kwadacha.
23 Such a mechanism would provide that if there
24 was a period during which the community needed to
25 meet a community need, such as building a new
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1 school, and was unable to get reasonable and
2 effective contractors to bid on that project, the
3 community could seek and obtain assistance from
4 BC Hydro, be it financial or other.
5 Now, admittedly, this would appear to be a
6 bit of an unusual request of a project proponent.
7 However, the Site C project, with its long
8 projected construction period and its purpose to
9 supply electricity to numerous projects across the
10 region is ideally situated to deal with persistent
11 and more long-term impacts in the Peace region.
12 Further, as a Crown corporation, BC Hydro is
13 an important public sector organization. The
14 British Columbia policy, which is entitled
15 Government's Expectations For British Columbia
16 Crown Agencies specifically acknowledges the vital
17 role that BC's Crown agencies play in advancing the
18 government's policy priorities and strategic
19 objectives.
20 In addition, on an annual basis, the
21 provincial government publishes a letter of
22 expectation, which provides a formal means of
23 communicating direction and priorities to the
24 boards of Crown agencies, such as BC Hydro.
25 The government's recent letter of
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1 expectations to BC Hydro for 2013 and 2014
2 specifically notes that it is up to the boards and
3 the senior management teams of organizations such
4 as BC Hydro to manage in the best interests of the
5 Province and the Province's citizens.
6 Thus, BC Hydro is ideally situated, and even
7 mandated, to play an active role in ensuring the
8 citizens and communities in the Peace region are
9 adequately protected and supported from adverse
10 impacts associated with the Site C, if approved.
11 Engaging in a mechanism to ensure communities
12 have adequate access to affordable goods and
13 services would be one means of exercising this
14 role.
15 Now, secondly, as mentioned above, Kwadacha
16 recommends that BC Hydro promptly initiate trades
17 and equipment training to its community members.
18 As stated, empowering community members with
19 the necessary skills may help alleviate some of the
20 impacts on the availability of services in Fort
21 Ware, whose availability and cost would be very
22 likely impacted by the proposed Site C project.
23 And, finally, there is clearly a need for
24 broader regional planning for northern British
25 Columbia.
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 25
1 Although this must be government driven, it
2 needs to include proponents of projects in the
3 region, such as BC Hydro, and must provide First
4 Nations with meaningful roles in shared
5 decision-making over the future use of their
6 traditional territories.
7 We request the panel consider making the
8 recommendation to both the federal and provincial
9 levels of government regardless of the
10 recommendation on the Site C project.
11 With the boom of activity across the Peace
12 region, further delay on this matter is not an
13 option. Action was required yesterday, and it is
14 imperative today.
15 In summary, these recommendations are
16 consistent with the approach that Kwadacha has
17 adopted throughout its participation in this
18 regulatory process.
19 Kwadacha does not wish to be prescriptive,
20 but is willing to sit down with BC Hydro,
21 government representatives, other First Nations,
22 and more general stakeholders to further discuss
23 the project and plans for going forward should the
24 project be approved.
25 Thank you very much.
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.
2 Are there questions from the floor?
3 Then thank you very much, Ms. Stano.
4 MS. MAYA STANO: Thank you.
5 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Feldberg.
6 MR. PETER FELDBERG: Mr. Chair, I believe that
7 Mr. Chadder can answer the question now that Madam
8 Beaudet asked, so maybe while the next presenter is
9 coming up, he could do that.
10 THE CHAIRMAN: All right. While, Dr. Charl
11 Badenhorst is coming up, could we hear that
12 response?
13 MR. DAVID CHADDER: Thank you.
14 The results of the PM2.5 modelling in Table G8 15 are the sum of the maximum model concentrations
16 presented in Table G7, and the numbers are very
17 close to one microgram per cubic metre.
18 If you look at Table 3.3.5, that's where we
19 summarize the ambient background concentrations of
20 PM2.5. And for that averaging period, the 21 background value is 15. The modelling is estimated
22 at a contribution of 1 from the project. So the
23 sum of the two is close to 16 all the time.
24 There is some rounding in there amongst the
25 numbers, but the ambient background of 15 accounts
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1 for most of the total of sums to 16 all the time.
2 So the numbers are correct as presented.
3 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
4 What prompted this question is that it's only
5 for the schools. We don't have I believe something
6 similar for childcare facilities or hospitals. You
7 have for -- okay, you have for childcare
8 facilities.
9 The table you're referring is in the EIS
10 proper text, not in the appendices; is that what
11 you're saying?
12 MR. DAVID CHADDER: All of the tables I just
13 mentioned are in our technical report, in L.
14 MS. BEAUDET: Okay. I usually look at the
15 appendicis more than the EIS proper.
16 Thank you very much.
17 MR. DAVID CHADDER: You're welcome.
18 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.
19 And welcome Dr. Badenhorst.
20
21 Presentation by Dr. Charl Badenhorst:
22 DR. CHARL BADENHORST: Good morning to the panel and
23 everybody present. And thank you for the
24 opportunity to present some outcomes of a very
25 special workshop that was presented and conducted a
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1 few months -- a few weeks ago in October last year
2 organized by all the medical officers of BC as part
3 of the health offices council and in collaboration
4 with Northern Health.
5 I'm wearing various hats. I'm also a
6 practising physician in this community. I'm a
7 public health physician, and I'm sitting on the BC
8 medical association board, as well as the board of
9 North Peace division of family practice, and also
10 the public health Association of BC.
11 So I'm hoping to bring some perspective on
12 what we understand the socio-economical impacts are
13 from a public health point of view.
14 And to be clearly recognized, the boom and
15 bust cycles have a significant impact on
16 communities, and we have to recognize that.
17 I just want to ask the panel a few questions.
18 Number one is: how many reps do we have
19 around here from the northeast? I just want to see
20 to help myself.
21 Anyone in the northeast?
22 Does anyone know how many oil and gas wells
23 we have in the northeast? And will be drilled in
24 the northeast?
25 What is the child poverty rate in BC?
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 29
1 Is this project about revenue, or is it about
2 what is the right thing to do?
3 Is this a quick fix?
4 And, as a member of this panel, what is your
5 understanding of the socio-economical impact of
6 this intervention on the local community?
7 And how will this consequences of this
8 project influence health budget in the next to five
9 to ten years.
10 As a medical officer in BC, we are appointed
11 under the order of council in BC under the
12 government, and, actually, are an extension of the
13 Minister of Health. So our roles and
14 responsibilities are depicted in the public Health
15 Act. And, particularly, Section 3 of this Act
16 cites that even if a medical officer is concerned
17 about any health impact or health concern, it may
18 request the Minister of Health to develop a health
19 plan.
20 And with this in mind, I just want to bring
21 to your attention that from a public health point
22 of view, it would be recognized, as public health
23 physicians, that policies may significantly impact
24 community health.
25 It may be also a health hazard, and may also
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1 pose health risks to people.
2 And as I've mentioned, the child poverty rate
3 in BC is 20 percent and more; although, we say that
4 BC is one of the best places in the world to live.
5 In BC, the revenue from the northeast plays a
6 significant role from this area. But, as a public
7 health physician, when I looked at the health
8 indicators when I came to this region about eight
9 years ago, I was really concerned about looking at
10 the health status. And this data that came from
11 the Stats Canada community health surveys, they do
12 every second year, and if you look at these health
13 indicators, we win most of the prizes for poor
14 health.
15 THE CHAIRMAN: Dr. Badenhorst, can I get you
16 to bring the mic a little closer. Thank you.
17 DR. CHARL BADENHORST: Sure. Thank you.
18 Now, for me, it was a conflicting thing
19 because on the one side, I hear -- and if you look
20 around you, you see a lot of health -- wealth. And
21 you see the vehicles people use, the toys they buy,
22 and so on. Then you don't think about poverty.
23 But if you look at the health indicators, it
24 clearly doesn't jive with that impression.
25 If we look at the unemployment rate in this
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1 area, it's less than 4 percent. So -- and the
2 past, they said if you can pass a pee test and you
3 can have a driver's licence, you could get a job.
4 Today, they say if you can breathe over a meadow
5 and you can make fog, that means you can get a job.
6 So we call it the fog test.
7 But that means that if you want to work, you
8 can work.
9 So people from all over the country who've
10 got hope will come to this region for work.
11 And as a physician -- and I'm also involved
12 with addiction services in community; I'm running a
13 methadone clinic in this region, you see the
14 problems that come to this community by means of
15 this route.
16 So why do we have this paradox then?
17 Firstly, I thought, well, I was very smart to
18 figure out, though, I understand what's going on,
19 until someone said to me, no, you have to go back
20 in the literature and see, in the 1800s, this was
21 very well described; that boom and bust cycles in
22 New York and other northern part of the countries,
23 and the States, showed these cycles very clearly
24 and what they mean.
25 And, also, if you look in the old gold rush
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 32
1 history, there's not much difference between the
2 economic rush today and the gold rush. And the
3 question is: did we really learn from the past?
4 So Henry George was a journalist and wrote up
5 all these cycles, and what it means to communities,
6 with a clear understanding of is it really
7 necessary? It can be addressed and it can be
8 mitigated and we could optimize the resource
9 development in the same time.
10 There's things we can do and there's things
11 we can't change.
12 If we look at the policies from the BC
13 government industry regulatory bodies, local
14 authorities, health authorities, the BC medical
15 association, the Canadian medical association, the
16 division of family practice, they all have one word
17 in common. It's about community.
18 If the well-being of the community is so
19 important, so why is it so difficult, then, for
20 key-role players to work together to form
21 partnerships and respect communities as you heard
22 from the previous presenter? To plan and prepare
23 for communities for what is coming.
24 I went on a road show, and I talked to all
25 the Mayors in the different towns in the area, and
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 33
1 their story was very clear. And part of our health
2 offices council workshop is -- I made a joke one
3 day, and I said, "But there's no airport in Fort
4 St. John; he has to fly into Prince George and then
5 take a bus to Fort St. John", and then actually it
6 became a story, and we made this Northern Health
7 trip with all the medical offices and other people.
8 And we actually -- the Mayors from the region, each
9 stop along the road, we picked them up and they
10 tell their story. And then we took -- picked up
11 the next guy and so on.
12 So it forced people to sit on the bus, to
13 listen to people in the community, and to
14 understand what is really going on.
15 So to plan and prepare for communities, the
16 one way to do it is really to understand what is a
17 socio-economical impact?
18 We use these words very widely, and sometimes
19 irresponsibly, the same with environmental impacts,
20 and even with health impact studies.
21 Health impact is very complex. Environmental
22 is very complex, and socio-economic or economic
23 tools, we don't really have a formal tool in BC
24 that we can really use for most industries.
25 How do we ask citizens for their
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 34
1 perspectives? If you ask them, they will probably
2 give you most of the answers.
3 How do we ask industry for what they need in
4 order to do their job in the community?
5 Well, I did that. I talked to bigger
6 industries, and I learned a lot from them, their
7 frustrations, because on the one side, as they want
8 to develop, and the other side, there's not
9 supportive infrastructure for them. How do you ask
10 local governments what they need? And how do we
11 ask healthcare providers what they need?
12 Most of the time, communities involvement is
13 about window-dressing, and sometimes let's take
14 what we can and get out of there.
15 Can these cycles be better managed?
16 Yes. We have basic project management tools.
17 It's been done in big industries, so why can't you
18 do it in the community?
19 And the boom and bust cycles are economic
20 laws. Like, what's happening now with oil and gas
21 drilling; we have new technology now, so everybody
22 is on the bus to develop as fast as they can, now
23 we build pipelines. Now that pipelines has got
24 more capacity, now we have to have -- add more
25 wells. And now we produce more gas, and -- so on
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 35
1 -- and then they got competitiveness and the
2 industry becomes so competitive that it becomes
3 sometimes not lucrative.
4 And if you laid down people, if the price
5 drops a few dollars [indiscernible] centre, then
6 people are in trouble and a lot of people lose
7 money. And it's usually the unskilled people that
8 pay the price.
9 If you look at what the boom cycle really
10 means from a political point of view in this --
11 from a political point of view is they win
12 elections on this, they promote job creations,
13 stimulate economy. This leads to migration of
14 people and money to a community. This includes
15 revenue for the province. We've just been used for
16 a lot of industries to get involved in the
17 communities as the carrot.
18 Income in the region. There's some money
19 coming back to the region like BC fair share. Who
20 makes the real money?
21 It's not always the local people that's
22 making the money, it's usually -- it creates
23 poverty in many aspects, which I will show it to
24 you later on. And this creates a battle between
25 the old-timers and the newcomers.
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 36
1 The bust phase is also, as I mentioned, part
2 of the economic laws. We overproduce and prices
3 drop and then people get laid off and they invested
4 in their equipment and so on.
5 The loss of jobs, people move out, they left
6 them in debt, family crisis, single parenthood,
7 substance use, alcohol use, and my list can go on.
8 So this leaves the community usually in a
9 socio-economical health dilemma and a crisis.
10 At-migration of people and money have
11 significant impacts of industry, and like -- if a
12 city council developed land, they have to take
13 loans, and suddenly people leave, the prices might
14 drop and plunge and keep -- and increase the
15 poverty rates.
16 And one of the biggest problems we see is
17 young people leave school very early because they
18 can make much more money than their moms and dads,
19 and they leave school in Grade 10, 11, 12. And
20 when the prices drop after four, five years, or
21 their health get impacted, or they make too much
22 money and they don't know how to use this money
23 wisely, they get in trouble with the law, they lose
24 their driver's licence, they get criminal records
25 for substance use and alcohol use. So that group
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 37
1 of our young people get into trouble. And when
2 they get laid off, they don't have education.
3 So without planning, the quick buck we intend
4 to make out of resource development does sometimes
5 outweigh the socio-economical disasters it created.
6 It's like a credit card's philosophy: it's nice to
7 buy, but you pay back an interest later.
8 Unplanned community development will cost the
9 government probably more at the end from a
10 socio-economical point of view.
11 For instance, if you look at the one case of
12 Hep C or the one case of HIV or a single parenthood
13 and so on costs lots of money.
14 So if we just look quickly in -- at northern
15 health and the health indicators, despite the thing
16 is economic growth.
17 A lot of money is invested in this community.
18 We have a low unemployment rate, and significant
19 projects coming into this region.
20 So this project will actually just add up to
21 the activities in this community.
22 Now, if you look at the population profile,
23 in yellow, you look at northern health regions for
24 First Nations. The yellow line means that on the
25 one side you have more young people in the younger
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1 age group. And the blue line is northern
2 residents. If you look on the right side of the
3 graph, we follow more or less that of BC, but we
4 drop down at the end, so we have less older people
5 in the community. And we have more younger people
6 in the community compared to the rest of BC.
7 If you look at Fort St. John, specifically,
8 we have record birth rates. For the first time, we
9 are to create a prenatal clinic because it couldn't
10 accommodate the number of births and the loss of
11 physicians in the community. We have a record low
12 of physicians in the community because of policy
13 change of recruitment by the colleges that makes it
14 very difficult for people to recruit physicians.
15 Like in Hudson's Hope, we had a long time
16 that we didn't have a physician in that area. And
17 the government throw money out to physicians to
18 attach patients to the clinics. Although, we are
19 already working very hard, now you have to take
20 more patients on. Now, what's the balance between
21 good health care and taking on more patients? We
22 have more working clinic hours than ever before.
23 So this spill over to the ERs, where people
24 seen in the ER and put a lot of pressure on the
25 staff there; we had to deal with very difficult
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 39
1 things, and don't have the time to do that
2 properly.
3 If you look at these figures, the blue is for
4 the northeast: northern interior and northwest.
5 And the red line is that for the average for BC.
6 The percentage of youth receiving employment
7 insurance. Does that tell a story? Does this
8 reflect employable, but not working people because
9 they work for three, four weeks, make enough money,
10 and sit at home and do something else, get in
11 trouble?
12 Lots of injuries, driver's licence suspended,
13 elicit drug use, and so on.
14 If you look at the motor vehicle accident
15 hospitalization rate per thousand; again, the blue
16 line is our areas. With the northeast very high
17 compared to the rest of the BC and Vancouver areas.
18 Total serious crime. Look at the blue lines
19 again. We win all the prizes there.
20 If you look at the percent of 18-year-olds
21 who did not graduate. That reflects what I've said
22 before, we lose a lot of people to the industry at
23 a very early age.
24 Alcohol sales also very high compared to the
25 rest of BC. So with this in mind, then, let's look
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1 at specific health issues.
2 Now, this shows the standardized mortality
3 ratio. That means death rates due to different
4 causes, motor vehicle crashes sky high.
5 And then for all those on the left side:
6 suicide falls, digestive system, chronic diseases
7 and all that list, we are over the average compared
8 to BC. So overall, we have a sicker population
9 compared to the rest of BC.
10 Potential years of life lost. The north are
11 the highest compared to BC and other areas in BC.
12 Motor vehicle crashes due to deaths due to
13 crashes. Look at our figures in the north: sky
14 high.
15 Deaths attributable to alcohol in northern
16 BC, it's also very high; although, it's coming
17 down, but this is only numbers, it's not the rate,
18 so it's very difficult to interpret this data.
19 Hospitalisation due to elicit drug use. If
20 you look at over the years, from 2002 to 2008,
21 significant increases. And this year, because of
22 illegal Fentanyl that came into the market from
23 other countries, we have record deaths in the past
24 three years in these regions because of overdose.
25 If you look the reports from the RCMP, that
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1 clearly state that, from the police chief,
2 "gastrolyne causing increase in crime locality".
3 If you look -- work in the walk-in clinics and
4 addiction clinics, you see that very clearly.
5 So this panel must ask themselves today do we
6 really care for those 300,000 people living in the
7 north? Or do we care more about what we can take
8 from them?
9 Will our interventions add to the health care
10 concerns, or will it make a difference?
11 How do we work with the BC medical officers
12 to develop policies and regulations to help plan
13 better in communities, to prepare communities
14 better for what's coming?
15 Accept that citizens and minority groups have
16 a democratic right to determine how the communities
17 will be used or abused.
18 How new projects may affect their health.
19 Unfold our health -- how do we unfold our
20 communities rather than how do we mold them into
21 something they don't want to be?
22 Prepare our communities better for economic
23 boom and bust cycles.
24 Leave something behind for the community. So
25 once your dam is done, what do you leave behind?
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 42
1 How many of the people is going to work here,
2 live here, or going to fly in? When the VIPs and
3 executives fly in for a meeting and go out, how do
4 they understand the dynamics of that community?
5 And then realize that economic growth may
6 pose one of our biggest public health challenges.
7 And that came from Dr. -- the chief medical officer
8 from the north, Dr. David Bowering.
9 And today's exercise, I said with all
10 respect, is it just a window-dressing? Or do we
11 really understand the impact of this in the
12 community? Long-term effects? How do we consult
13 with communities? How do we develop plans to make
14 it sustainable, to make the life for the people who
15 live here, before the dam and before any other
16 project, that's an impact them forever?
17 And with this in mind, I say thank you very
18 much for the opportunity to present this to you.
19 Thank you.
20 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much,
21 Dr. Badenhorst. Those are pretty shocking numbers.
22 Madam Beaudet.
23 MS. BEAUDET: The motor vehicle crash
24 that's for the north is very high. I was wondering
25 if you have any data for Fort St. John?
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1 DR. CHARL BADENHORST: It's always difficult to
2 break it down by smaller areas, but I think, with
3 some effort, it can be done. But I suppose -- if
4 you look at the Trans Alaska Highway, it's just
5 impacted with high vehicles. If you drive, and you
6 just count the number of big trucks on the road
7 compared to normal small trucks or small vehicles,
8 it's impressive.
9 If they closed this road for an hour, I
10 wonder what the back-up will be in an hour's time.
11 So this is difficult to say, but it reflects
12 some of the problems we have, but I think there's a
13 lot of safety also in place, to make sure driver's
14 rest a lot, and there's a lot of work done.
15 But the big truck -- the drivers -- the truck
16 drivers have, it's a problem of his own. It
17 creates, from a men's health point of view, a big
18 concern because people don't exercise, they eat the
19 wrong foods, they become overweight, they have
20 sleep problems, and that causes crashes.
21 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
22 THE CHAIRMAN: One of the earlier slides
23 showed that this is a younger population than the
24 rest of BC. If you normalized the statistics for
25 age and education, would the picture for BC -- I
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1 think it would still be fairly grim in northeast
2 BC, but possibly not quite so much so.
3 DR. CHARL BADENHORST: I think that it improved a
4 bit. I've talked to some of the school board
5 members in the past. It didn't improve a lot.
6 But, again, this explained to us that there's
7 a -- so if people, young people, get lost to
8 school -- from schools to communities, then same
9 with public health; why don't we take the services
10 to the camps? Why don't we take the services to
11 school services or school educations or internet
12 education or other means, to give people the
13 opportunity to get the education off -- on the
14 website? Why can't we do that? We can have mobile
15 clinics, there's many ways to do that.
16 So your question is clear. It can be
17 addressed. And people don't do well -- there's a
18 lot of slides I didn't show in terms of
19 mathematical skills and learning abilities; we have
20 low performance rates compared to BC.
21 THE CHAIRMAN: Are there questions from the
22 floor for Dr. Badenhorst?
23 Or comments from Hydro?
24 MS. SIOBHAN JACKSON: Yes.
25 Thank you, Dr. Badenhorst.
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1 We definitely look forward. And we already
2 have sought the advice of Northern Health, and one
3 of our team attended the workshop that
4 Dr. Badenhorst is talking about.
5 And in our EIS, it may look like just one
6 line, but we have also focussed on making available
7 -- or, sorry, having Northern Health's programs
8 that are relevant to the health indicators of our
9 workforce be provided to our workforce at the camp.
10 And that was at the advice of Northern Health, and,
11 in particular, the programs that are focused on a
12 young and male population. And I think that that
13 will be a great partnership, and provide a good
14 opportunity to deliver to the workforce, those
15 programs.
16 THE CHAIRMAN: These are very deep problems.
17 And, I must say, your panel is a long way from
18 having solutions for them; you've thought about
19 them much more than we have.
20 I'm encouraged by the fact that you're
21 talking pretty closely with Hydro about specific
22 concrete things that might be done in the present
23 circumstances.
24 DR. CHARL BADENHORST: Thank you. And I think it's
25 important because this will be one project, but
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1 there's lots of other projects going on in the
2 community.
3 What forum are we going the use to work
4 together and plan together and pool forces because
5 there's a lot of goodwill from all industries. And
6 I -- there's not a blame game to play because I
7 went out and I talked to them. And I think we need
8 the forum where all the industries work together
9 and join forces with the city council and the
10 health professionals and say how can we make it
11 better?
12 Like, if we have an apartment block, and we
13 have cheap accommodation for healthcare providers,
14 for other people who want to come in. Young
15 people, we need creches where people -- young
16 couples people come in.
17 If you look at this, they pay $1,000 a day --
18 a month for one kid in a creche, or a daycare. Why
19 can't we have that services to them on a cheaper
20 way of doing that? If people live like that, they
21 will be happy, and they will stay.
22 So we spend a lot of money recruiting health
23 care professionals, but they leave because it's
24 expensive to live here.
25 If you look at the taxes for this year, we
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1 have the highest tax per property, I think, in the
2 whole BC. So for a young couple to come in here,
3 it's almost impossible to get a place to stay and
4 to start a living.
5 So if we make it easier for them to get their
6 roots in the community, they will stay. People
7 don't leave because of money; they leave because
8 they are unhappy.
9 THE CHAIRMAN: Dr. Badenhorst, I'm struck by
10 the crosswalk between your message about let's
11 think and plan and engage in some foresight and the
12 comments made by the previous witness, Ms. Stano.
13 I'm also struck by the reference to Henry
14 George, and the notion that we are all prisoners of
15 dead economists.
16 Thank you very much.
17 DR. CHARL BADENHORST: That's true, yeah. Thank
18 you.
19 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.
20 Is Penny Gagnon in the room?
21 Ms. Gagnon, would you be willing to do your
22 presentation now rather than -- thank you.
23
24 Presentation by Penny Gagnon, Fort St. John Child
25 Development Centre:
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Welcome, Ms. Gagnon. I had a
2 feeling that what you were going to tell us about
3 might relate to what Dr. Badenhorst just said.
4 MS. PENNY GAGNON: Yeah. I was going to say
5 it's a great privilege to actually follow
6 Dr. Badenhorst. I had the privilege to work with
7 him for a short period of time before I left
8 Northern Health and went to the child development
9 centre seven years ago. So he really does set the
10 stage for what is happening in north-eastern BC
11 and, particularly, in Fort St. John.
12 I'm originally from Prince George, and I
13 moved here eight years ago. And I have to say that
14 Fort St. John has been an amazing community to live
15 in. It cares about its people. And people
16 generally stand together for what we believe in.
17 And I've really become entrenched in this community
18 partly because of the work that I do with children
19 and families, but partly because Fort St. John
20 really welcomes newcomers and I -- you know, just
21 listening to Dr. Badenhorst talk about the health
22 determinants of this area, it really does sort of
23 link with what I have to say today about the
24 children and families that we serve.
25 So we are a non-profit organization in Fort
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1 St. John. We are one of the larger, maybe the
2 largest, non-profit organization next to North
3 Peace community resources. We have been in this
4 community for 40 years. We're celebrating our 40th
5 anniversary this year. And we are governed by a
6 board of directors, who are very well-established
7 in our community.
8 We are very, very embedded in Fort St. John.
9 We have excellent partnerships with industry. We
10 have very well-established partnerships with
11 individuals, small businesses. We do two big
12 charity events every year that raise quite a
13 substantial amount of fundraised dollars.
14 We recently did an expanded project on our
15 building. We operate under about 20,000
16 square feet, and we're actually starting to burst
17 at the seams.
18 Our expanded project that we call Project
19 Build a Fort was completed about four years ago,
20 and we are now in a situation where we're starting
21 to look for more space.
22 We have a golf tournament that brings in lots
23 of fun, and we also have a talent show coming up in
24 March.
25 We really focus on inclusion in our
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1 community. We want all children and their families
2 to flourish at their most highest capacity. And we
3 work very, very hard to provide a service that not
4 only works with the individual child, but works
5 with the family, as a whole.
6 We know that families are the best advocates
7 for their kids. And we know that at the end of the
8 day, they move on from our services, and we want
9 them to make experts in the health of their own
10 children.
11 So John Lennon says:
12
13 "You may say I'm a dreamer,
14 but I'm not the only one.
15 I hope some day you'll join
16 us, and the world will live as
17 one."
18
19 So it speaks to the notion that we all need
20 to be working together for the betterment of our
21 community.
22 We offer a number of services; particularly,
23 our main focus is early intervention and paediatric
24 rehabilitation for kids 0 to 5.
25 We focus on early childhood development.
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 51
1 We've been sort of switching gears a little bit,
2 and really taking a -- sort of a more well-rounded
3 approach, looking at parent caregiver attachment
4 and child and youth mental health.
5 We offer preschool to 240 kids in our
6 community. We do infant development, life skills,
7 respite, and services for children with autism.
8 I'm just going to show you a couple of
9 numbers.
10 So when I started at the child development
11 centre seven years ago, I think we were sitting
12 around serving about 450 children annually. In
13 2009/2010, we served 694 unique clients; meaning,
14 children. So from -- when you're working with a
15 child, usually you have a sibling, you have a mom
16 and a dad or a grandma or a caregiver. So when you
17 have a unique client, there's typically about two
18 or three other people wrapped around that child.
19 In 2012 and 2013, we served over 1,200 unique
20 clients. So we are a very, very busy centre. And
21 Dr. Badenhorst spoke to the birth rate in Fort St.
22 John. We can talk about numbers, but, you know, I
23 invite you all to spend a day in our centre and
24 watch. There's probably about 160 kids every day
25 that come through our centre. So these are just
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1 some historical comparisons.
2 In March 2013, in our infant development
3 program, we had a caseload of 255. Two years ago,
4 that caseload was only 125. I'm not going to go
5 through them specifically, but you can just kind of
6 see that our number of clients accessing our centre
7 is on the rise.
8 We have not seen an increase in our staffing
9 levels of any sort of, you know, big sort of jump
10 in the whole seven years that I've been there.
11 We've seen little leaps of having, you know, .8 FTE
12 increased to a -- you know, a full-time FTE,
13 but ...
14 You know, we also struggle with the
15 recruitment and retention of qualified
16 professionals, as they do in the sort of acute
17 health care system.
18 And if you look at the numbers of the unique
19 clients that are accessing our centre, without, you
20 know, proper growth in terms of our staff, that
21 does impact, you know, what our waitlists look
22 like.
23 So if you just go over across and compare it,
24 you know IDP in -- two years ago, we -- at the end
25 of the year, in March, we had 19 children on our
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1 waitlist. In March of last year, we had 162.
2 So those numbers are very disturbing, you
3 know, and -- and, like I said, numbers are numbers,
4 but, you know, when you come into our centre, and,
5 you know, we're sitting around every Wednesday
6 morning at a team meeting, and, you know, I see the
7 grave faces on the clinicians and the therapists
8 and consultants that work directly with these
9 children and families, and we have, you know, 50
10 new referrals that we've just received in a week,
11 children being referred with no feet, children
12 being referred -- haven't even left the hospital
13 yet because they have been born at 33 or 32 weeks,
14 have, you know, rare syndromes that we haven't
15 even, you know, ever heard of before, and, you
16 know, we're all looking at each other, and I have
17 to remind them, you know, we're not an acute
18 centre. But there's a lot of pressure put on our
19 staff at the child development centre because there
20 is no paediatrician --
21 Slow down? Okay.
22 There is no paediatrician in this community;
23 although, we have the highest birth rate.
24 Just a couple of images of some of the
25 children that we work with.
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1 Again, some more historical comparisons:
2 March 2011: 771. March 31st, 2013: 1,208. So you
3 can see that the pressures on our centre continue
4 to rise; they are not changing, if you look at sort
5 of the graph over a period of time. Again, new
6 referrals increasing every year.
7 So I just wanted to point to a couple of
8 general concerns that I have. You know, when I
9 listen to Dr. Badenhorst speak today, it -- you
10 know, definitely we don't want to sort of --
11 everybody repeat what we have to say, but the
12 information that he provided is -- really needs to
13 be considered in the context of this community.
14 And I'm really hoping that BC Hydro can sit
15 down with the non-profit organizations because --
16 you know, although, we've had some general
17 conversations; we've had -- you know, I've met with
18 BC Hydro staff, and we've -- you know, they know
19 about our services, but we really have not sat down
20 and just really hashed out what our -- the real
21 short- and long-term impacts of Site C on all of
22 the non-profits in Fort St. John, not just the
23 child development centre.
24 The concern for daycare is always a concern.
25 However, there has been some recent changes in Fort
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1 St. John. We've had a couple of expanded services;
2 a new private daycare opened, so we're really
3 excited about that. It is still a concern. I'm
4 just wondering if it's still the most important
5 concern -- or the primary concern.
6 Accessible, affordable daycare definitely is
7 something that needs to be examined.
8 And, although, I've been provided with some
9 stats from BC Hydro in terms of what the number of
10 children will be at the height of the project, I
11 just -- it's really hard for me to fathom or agree
12 that it will only bring, you know, around that 40
13 new additional children to our community under the
14 age of 5.
15 I'm no scientist; I'm no statistician, but
16 I've been in this community long enough to know
17 that big projects bring a lot of people and a lot
18 of families. And I think what happens is there's
19 this idea that people will come and stay in camps.
20 They come to this community; they realize how great
21 it is, and they bring their families.
22 I only have two -- actually, if I can just
23 speak to a couple more things around the general
24 concerns.
25 The accessibility of our service for, you
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1 know, any new workers -- you know, if I can be so
2 blunt to say that, unfortunately, new families
3 coming to Fort St. John, you know, needing our
4 services, unless their children are very, very
5 complex, and they hit a prioritization for our
6 services that is extremely high, they will sit on a
7 wait list. They will not have access to service.
8 That's how stretched we are right now.
9 When I left the office yesterday, I just did
10 a quick poll of where our waitlists were, and we
11 have about 300 kids sitting on our waitlists right
12 now.
13 Sorry.
14 So my two recommendations are that I would
15 like a formal discussion from BC Hydro to assist
16 with the mitigation of short- and long-term impacts
17 of Site C project; particularly, on our
18 organization and children and their families that
19 access our services.
20 I would also like, after that conversation or
21 several conversation happens, some type of formal
22 agreement made with the child development centre
23 about the state of affairs, and what things will
24 look like at the end of the day.
25 And so that's my --
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.
2 It sure looks like you've got your hands
3 full.
4 MS. PENNY GAGNON: M'mm-hmm.
5 THE CHAIRMAN: Rather than waiting until the
6 end of the day, I wonder if Hydro has any comment
7 on that right now?
8 MS. SUSAN YURKOVICH: Thank you.
9 Thanks for your presentation.
10 As Penny mentioned, we have had discussions,
11 and, you know, we understand that the existing
12 services are stretched, as I mention now. We look
13 forward to having further discussions and seeing
14 how we can be of assistance in this area.
15 I think part of, you know, putting together a
16 fund was hopefully to allow communities to make
17 choices about where the need is greatest, and so
18 that was what we have proposed, but we absolutely
19 are interested in having further discussions.
20 I think we've had some really helpful
21 suggestions already. And I think there is a
22 recognition that Site C is part of it, but there's
23 also some existing conditions. And so we look
24 forward to following up with you.
25 Thanks.
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1 MS. BEAUDET: I want to know if you have
2 statistics on the parents, if -- to what extent
3 they come from the region, to what extent they are
4 locals that have grown up and lived here all their
5 lives, parents that are attached to a company
6 working here. Do you have any data?
7 MS. PENNY GAGNON: No, we don't actually keep a
8 lot of stats on the people around the child,
9 per se. We keep the stats on the child. We,
10 obviously, have the information around the parents,
11 but we don't track whether they are local
12 individuals or people who have sort of migrated in,
13 but, you know, from a -- just a -- the experience
14 of being there, I can very comfortably say that --
15 you know, I don't even know what the percentage
16 would be, but most people who are coming to our
17 centre probably are not born and raised here.
18 Because we know who those people are. Right? They
19 come and they tell us they don't have any family,
20 they don't have any help, they can't find childcare
21 because, you know, grandma and grandpa don't live
22 in town.
23 We are looking at hiring a contract
24 clinician, and she's actually going -- because we
25 don't have a physiotherapist, and, you know,
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1 childcare is an issue for her, and so she's
2 bringing a family member from a different city to
3 come and help with childcare.
4 So, you know, we see a lot of people from the
5 eastern provinces come and need some assistance,
6 so ...
7 MS. BEAUDET: The reason why I'm asking is
8 because usually when there's a bigger centre in the
9 region, and it offers services that you don't find
10 in more rural areas, then more people come to that
11 big centre.
12 MS. PENNY GAGNON: M'mm-hmm.
13 I know that some employers do use the child
14 development centre as one of their sort of
15 marketing strategies for recruitment efforts, but,
16 you know, like I sad, unless their children are
17 very, very highly complex right now, they're not --
18 they're sitting on waitlists way longer than they
19 should be.
20 So if you have a child with a, you know,
21 fairly simple articulation problem, they probably
22 will maybe get one appointment with the speech
23 language pathologist, and then they will be sent
24 home with a home program. And the days of weekly
25 therapy, or coming for therapy three days a week,
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1 are far gone. Whereas, you know, some of these
2 children with very sort of easy-fix problems, that
3 could be addressed in a block, and make great gains
4 in a shorter period of time are, unfortunately, not
5 being seen because of the kids that are, you know,
6 born premature with rare syndromes, you know, and a
7 whole other host of problems.
8 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
9 THE CHAIRMAN: Are there comments from the
10 floor?
11 Mr. Little.
12 MR. JAMES LITTLE: Anyway, CDC does provide a
13 great service here, but my question is is that --
14 and I think I know the answer, but I'd like it
15 stated, is that you basically are the only service
16 that does what you're doing? And that's what I
17 want in the record, please.
18 MS. PENNY GAGNON: M'mm-hmm. Yeah, we are the
19 only service in Fort St. John that offers this type
20 of paediatric rehab, and I think, as well, to build
21 on what the gentleman had to say was that the
22 concern that we have, and will continue to have, is
23 there is no paediatrician in Fort St. John. Not
24 saying that's a BC Hydro problem, but it is a
25 community problem.
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you very much.
2 MS. PENNY GAGNON: Thanks.
3 THE CHAIRMAN: I'm going to suggest that we
4 take a somewhat early coffee break, come back in
5 15 minutes, at 25 after the hour, and then spend
6 some time with the Ministry with the impossible
7 name. Thank you very much.
8
9 (Brief break)
10
11 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Good morning, again.
12 We now have an opportunity here from the
13 Ministry of Forestry, Lands and Natural Resources
14 Operations; principally, on tourism. We're in your
15 hands.
16
17 Ministry of Forestry, Lands and Natural Resources
18 Operations Panel:
19 Ben Naylor (Legal Counsel).
20 Jennifer Davis.
21 Peter Harrison.
22 Chris Addison.
23 Dr. Kristy Ciruna.
24
25 Introduction of the Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural
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1 Resources Operations Panel by Mr. Ben Naylor:
2
3 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Good morning, Mr. Chair,
4 esteemed panel members.
5 My name is Ben Naylor. I'm legal counsel for
6 the Province of British Columbia, and I'm here to
7 introduce a panel that's been convened to speak on
8 tourism topics and questions that were raised by
9 the panel.
10 Principally, in the centre of the panel, we
11 have Ms. Jennifer Davis, who is the executive
12 director of the tourism branch of Ministry of Jobs,
13 Tourism and Skills Training.
14 On the panel's right, we have Mr. Peter
15 Harrison, who is the director of partnership
16 marketing of Destination British Columbia.
17 And on the panel's left, we have a familiar
18 face, Mr. Chris Addison, who is the director of
19 resource management for the Ministry of Forests,
20 Lands and Natural Resource Operations.
21 So I will leave you in their hands. But
22 before I turn the presentation over into the
23 capable hands of Ms. Davis, I would just like to
24 add that if there are any follow-up questions that
25 need to be addressed in the form of undertakings, I
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1 note that today is the last day to submit those
2 undertakings. So if there are any questions that
3 do fall within that category that we do have a
4 brief discussion about the timing of that after the
5 panel speaks.
6 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, we'll do whatever ad hoc
7 thing we need to do.
8 Thank you very much.
9 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Thank you.
10 THE CHAIRMAN: Ms. Davis.
11
12 Presentation by Ms. Jennifer Davies, Ministry of
13 Forestry, Lands and Natural Resources Operations:
14
15 MS. JENNIFER DAVIES: Thank you. Merci.
16 Thank you for letting us come here in person
17 and answer the questions that you put to us. There
18 were seven questions, and what we thought we would
19 do is go through them in a bit of a systematic
20 manner, going from the provincial context down to
21 the local context and work through them that way.
22 But, first, I wanted to talk a little bit
23 more, you've gone from the agency, as you said,
24 that has the indescribable name, to having
25 additional people with another agency --
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Now, Ms. Davis, I'm going to
2 have to tell you right away that --
3 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Slow down.
4 THE CHAIRMAN: -- you're being transcribed
5 and the speed must be moderated.
6 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Thank you, sir. I appreciate
7 the reminder.
8 So, as Mr. Naylor mentioned, you've got
9 representatives here from three government groups.
10 I'm with the Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Skills
11 Training. This is the ministry that is responsible
12 for the provincial agenda for tourism, that
13 includes setting the strategic direction.
14 Tourism is one of the eight jobs plan sectors
15 for British Columbia. And it has its own strategic
16 plan, which is called Gaining the Edge, which we've
17 provided to the Secretary as well.
18 Gaining the Edge kind of sets out where we're
19 going. It runs from 2012 to 2016.
20 In delivery of Gaining the Edge, we've got a
21 core partner called Destination British Columbia.
22 This is a Crown corporation. It's newly-minted.
23 It started out just a year ago. And Destination
24 British Columbia's primary focus is to work on the
25 demand side of tourism marketing us locally,
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1 nationally, and internationally with the goal of
2 increasing revenue and jobs and businesses all
3 across British Columbia.
4 The third component, we have some operational
5 delivery elements. One of the most important being
6 our colleagues at the Ministry Of Forests, Lands
7 and Natural Resource Operations.
8 They have, in summary, kind of two roles for
9 us: one, they do the integrated resource management
10 for the natural sectors, that includes tourism.
11 And, two, they have straight-line delivery of
12 some programs, including outdoor recreation.
13 There's a branch that deals with the mountain
14 resorts in British Columbia, heritage, and a few
15 others.
16 So in the Province of British Columbia, it
17 kind of links the three groups together to really
18 deliver tourism, and why you've got the panel here
19 that you have today.
20 So the first question that you asked was a
21 little bit about the basis for BC tourism
22 promotion. I have five slides that quickly go
23 through this, and they will set the context for the
24 remaining questions.
25 So the first point is that we define tourism.
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1 We use a standard methodology both here in BC and
2 Canada. It's the definition that the world tourism
3 organization uses and the UN. And it's written
4 there for you.
5 So it's the activities of persons travelling
6 to and staying in places outside their usual
7 environment for not more than one consecutive year
8 for leisure, business, and other purposes.
9 There's three quick points I want to add to
10 this. There is a distinction between tourism and
11 public recreation.
12 Tourism is generally about generating
13 revenue, employment, and businesses.
14 The second point is that, as the definition
15 states, there is both leisure and business travel
16 in tourism.
17 Sometimes I use the definition "a travel
18 economy" to help people understand what's in
19 tourism, that seems to resonate more easily to
20 understand: "a travel economy."
21 On that one, I just want to note that the
22 definition says for not more than one consecutive
23 year, here, in British Columbia, we understand that
24 there are areas of the Province, and this being
25 one, where there's a lot of long-term business
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1 travel. So we use statistics that separate out
2 anybody who is staying for more than 30 days. So
3 we don't want to overestimate what's going for
4 tourism, so we net those folks out here in BC.
5 The third point, is that, for us, this
6 includes domestic travel. So people in BC, we
7 don't view them just as circulating money around
8 the Province.
9 In the tourism lens, quite often those are
10 people who might go elsewhere: to Mexico, to
11 Hawaii. We'd rather they spent their money here at
12 home on our wonderful products.
13 So continuing on. This slide, I wanted to
14 talk a little bit about -- there's a suite of
15 industries that are part of tourism. Sometimes
16 people hear the word "tourism" and think of our
17 adventure tourism business operators, but that's
18 only a part of how we define tourism.
19 This pie chart in front of you is just an
20 example about employment. So it shows -- the big,
21 yellow chunk is accommodation and food services.
22 There's transportation, retail, and some other
23 services in there as well.
24 Again, we are using a globally-standard
25 methodology. And in that, it's important to note
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1 that not all sectors are fully linked to tourism.
2 So we talked about accommodation earlier.
3 Accommodation is, you know, more than 95 percent
4 visitors are coming and staying in your hotels.
5 But taxis, for example, taxi services, about
6 25 percent of that is accrued to tourism.
7 Retail is, again, proportionately less.
8 So, again, it's very important that we don't
9 overestimate how much of this industry is accruing
10 to, what we call, tourism.
11 So, again, we use some standard methodology
12 that BC Stats handles for us.
13 Just to give you a quantum here in British
14 Columbia, given all those industries pooled
15 together, it's a 13.4 billion-dollar industry in
16 British Columbia. That's why it's one of our eight
17 job sectors, jobs plans sectors.
18 But the question really asked around how we
19 promote British Columbia. We have our BC brand.
20 It is Super, Natural British Columbia. We've had
21 it for more than 30 years. And we continue to
22 analyze the relevance of this brand. It's a
23 highly-competitive marketplace out there.
24 In the 1950s, there was about 15 countries
25 that had 90 percent of the travellers. And Canada
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1 was in there.
2 Now, we're finding a lot of, what's called,
3 exotic locations: Thailand. New Zealand. The
4 marketplace is becoming increasingly crowded. So
5 Canada is dropping in its destination in terms of
6 the percentage of travellers of the world coming
7 into Canada; ranking, that is, not in volume.
8 We're still growing.
9 So we continue to take a look at our brand,
10 and how we action that brand on the marketplace.
11 And it's important to know the essence of what
12 British Columbia has, and how we market ourselves.
13 We're seen as a welcoming place. We're
14 sophisticated. We have a great diversity of
15 cultures, city experiences, small-town experiences.
16 All in a very safe environment. We're seen as a
17 very safe destination. And all of this is in the
18 backdrop of breathtaking beauty and exceptional
19 experiences. That's our brand, and our brand
20 promise.
21 So we'll touch on British Columbia's key
22 markets. And I've provided you two pie charts:
23 one that looks at the volume. So who is coming?
24 And the second one is the expenditures; who's
25 paying?
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1 You can see that British Columbia
2 domestically is our -- continues to be our key
3 volume market. But when we're looking at who's
4 paying more, we can look at Asia Pacific, which is
5 the purple slice, and Europe, which is the blue
6 slice, which are proportionately more. This is
7 really important because Canada and British
8 Columbia are considered high-cost destinations for
9 people coming elsewhere.
10 So we have a target client; it's the people
11 that can afford to come, and, ideally, like to
12 enjoy spending their money here. We're not a
13 Disneyland that works on volume. We're a high-cost
14 destination. So we operate giving exceptional
15 experiences, high quality.
16 Just to give you a flavour: in 2011, which is
17 kind of our best statistical information right now,
18 there was 4.3 million international tourists coming
19 to British Columbia. So we've got lots of people
20 coming, even in those smaller slices.
21 So this is my last slide on question one,
22 which was how do we promote and really focus
23 promotion of tourism in British Columbia?
24 Really, we need to look at the marketing
25 side, and this is where my colleagues in the Crown
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1 corporation Destination British Columbia play a
2 pivotal role, and we really want to convert
3 awareness of British Columbia as a destination,
4 both for people here in BC and elsewhere, and
5 convert that awareness into actually coming.
6 And through our programs, we also want to
7 profile and market our businesses.
8 We have key products, these are in our
9 Gaining the Edge strategy, which I referenced
10 earlier, touring vacations -- and we'll talk a
11 little bit more about that as we talk about the
12 local economy -- city stays, skiing and
13 snowboarding. There's a picture there of our Ski
14 It To Believe It winter campaign, that's on right
15 now. Aboriginal tourism, conventions, outdoor
16 adventure and ecotourism.
17 We have about 50 products in British Columbia
18 that we're looking at, tending, monitoring, but
19 those are our key ones that we're focusing on right
20 now.
21 Moving to question two. And the question was
22 around the northern regions, is the basis for
23 tourism a cultural frontier experience?
24 And I've taken the liberty of providing a
25 picture of British Columbia. And we divide it into
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1 six tourism regions, each with their own unique
2 characteristics, each with their own branding
3 flavour, all of which together come to make the
4 Super, Natural British Columbia brand.
5 So the next slide is about northern BC, but
6 keep in mind that's the red on this one. It's
7 pretty much everything Prince George and up, is,
8 what we call, our northern region.
9 So I have very good -- we've got good
10 information by regions. We don't have very good
11 information slicing the regions down into a more
12 granular level.
13 So for the northern region, here's how we can
14 describe it. It's an expansive, diverse, and
15 spectacular world for outdoor enthusiasts. The
16 visitor who visits northern BC is drawn to the
17 frontier of the north by its beauty, the uncrowded,
18 wide-open spaces, the abundance of wildlife, and
19 unique Aboriginal culture.
20 No problem.
21 Of course, in the north, there's some
22 seasonality: May to September. We know the key
23 markets for the north, they are listed here: BC,
24 Alberta, Alaska, Germany, and Washington.
25 We have travel motivators. Those are the
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1 things that make you decide to go to a certain
2 place. It may not be all that you do when you're
3 there, but it's the lure that brings you there.
4 The travel motivators for the north is that
5 sightseeing, the nature viewing, there's a huge
6 piece around visiting relatives and friends.
7 That's a little different than some of the other
8 regions in the Province.
9 And that's also reflected in accommodation
10 pattern. There's more people that actually go and
11 stay with family and friends in the north.
12 Now, we have products. It's a bit of a busy
13 slide, but I wanted to give you a flavour of the
14 regional products, number one, and that's the
15 northern region.
16 And then we look at number two, which is the
17 northeast products. And number three, the local
18 area products.
19 So you can see from the regional products,
20 that great big, blue slice is touring. People
21 taking long-term treks through the north, lots of
22 RV travels and that sort of thing. A huge and
23 important component of tourism in the north.
24 It's also an incredibly important component
25 in this part of the country. The Alaska Highway
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1 traveller is the most critical visitor to the
2 market here locally. That's not to say there
3 aren't other products.
4 Again, outdoor recreation, parks trails,
5 wildlife viewing. But from a tourism market,
6 demographic, and traveller, the Alaska Highway is
7 number one for this area.
8 I did -- we do have a listing of businesses
9 affiliated with tourism. It's our approved
10 accommodation and attractions listing. We use that
11 with our partners in Destination British Columbia
12 to help promote businesses.
13 And I did a query on our listing. And for
14 this area, of course, there are hotels,
15 accommodations, that sort of thing. But I
16 specifically looked for -- because the question had
17 asked -- ecotourism and outdoor recreational
18 businesses. And there were none on our listing.
19 That's not to say there are none in the area, but
20 there are none currently accessing our marketing
21 side of things.
22 For example, I also know there are guide
23 outfitters in the area, that they are not on our
24 tourism business listings. So I've got a takeaway
25 there for some follow-up work with the local area.
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1 So moving to question four, which was around
2 the market in the area. So given the information
3 that we've got so far, I think you can see that
4 there's definitely an existing market
5 proportionately to British Columbia; it's small.
6 It's got definite potential to grow. And I've
7 given a few statistics there.
8 Again, BC generates 13.4 billion in revenue
9 for tourism. The entire north is 1.1 billion, so
10 about 8 percent. We don't have comparable stats
11 for the Peace area, but I do know we have a report
12 that I believe one of the communities submitted
13 earlier, and it's called the Value of Tourism Study
14 for the North Peace Region. Again, that report was
15 done through colleagues in my ministry.
16 It's a good report, but it's the little
17 apples to oranges in terms of comparative. But if
18 you look at it, the Peace is about 10 percent of
19 the north.
20 And then I've also done visitors overnight
21 and expenditures, which are about 5 percent each.
22 If you compare this to Vancouver, Whistler, and
23 Victoria, they represent about 70 percent revenue,
24 visitors, and expenditures. That's not to say that
25 tourism is not important in this area.
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1 It's very important in every part of the
2 Province, and it's certainly an area we'd like to
3 grow, but the question was how does this compare
4 provincially?
5 I wanted to touch a little bit, as well, on
6 the traveller profile for this area.
7 So, again, it's sliced up here around Canada,
8 U.S., and international travellers to this area.
9 BC and Albertans are about 70 percent.
10 And what was interesting -- and I'm going to
11 say these are leisure travellers, this is not the
12 business traveller.
13 Again, the demographic of -- or the profile
14 of this traveller represents often that Alaska
15 Highway traveller. A little bit older, a little
16 bit more time on their hands, fewer children with
17 them, because often you need, you know, a couple of
18 weeks at least to start taking that touring
19 adventure.
20 So question five asked about whether or not
21 we expected major changes in clientele. So you can
22 see the Site C project isn't really expected to
23 have major changes in the clientele. We continue
24 to have business travellers here. We'll continue
25 to have the Alaska Highway. We'll continue to have
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1 some local businesses. And from my provincial
2 perspective, we would like to continue to
3 definitely grow the tourism in the area.
4 Question six was a very interesting and very
5 good question. And asked a little bit about
6 changes and comparability to things like the
7 Revelstoke Dam.
8 So comparing a potential Site C here to the
9 Revelstoke Dam was a bit difficult for us because
10 they are, again, different regions from our tourism
11 perspective. They have different clientele,
12 different key products. So we were a little
13 challenged to give you a good, crisp answer on that
14 one. But what we do know, visitor centres at the
15 dams are definitely tourism attractions. People
16 like to go there. But just creating a visitor
17 centre unto itself doesn't meaningfully help
18 tourism. It has to be aligned with the marketing
19 and promotional side of things.
20 So the final question we were asked was
21 perspective on the proposed mitigation measures.
22 And in looking at it, you know, the -- as we've
23 talked about, the key issues are around scenics,
24 visual management, replacement of some of those
25 infrastructure elements that might get impacted:
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1 camp sites and boat launches, I know are specific
2 ones. The visitor centre potential at the site,
3 they all seem to be -- you know, Hydro has looked
4 at all of those aspects and come up with some ways
5 of going forward with them.
6 What we did note, though, is that at a more
7 operational level, if the project was to go
8 forward, there's some additional opportunities that
9 we should be looking at.
10 And I know the communities yesterday talked a
11 lot about traffic flow. And I ask you to put your
12 tourism lens on it. You've got the big RVers, that
13 Alaska Highway traffic coming through. It's a
14 bucket-list trip for people. We want them to have
15 a great experience. And we want them to have it
16 easy to get into the local communities and enjoy
17 the facilities here. So traffic management becomes
18 a really big point.
19 And I said earlier on the slide around a
20 visitor centre, great idea to look at a visitor's
21 centre from BC Hydro. And we'd love to do some
22 more discussions around how we can build that into
23 what we do provincially with visitor centre
24 networks.
25 So this is a picture of an RV on the Alaska
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1 Highway.
2 And we hope that that's answered the
3 questions you put at us. And we're here if you
4 have any further questions or things that we can
5 help with.
6 THE CHAIRMAN: That's very helpful, thank
7 you.
8 Jim's got one question.
9 MR. MATTISON: I just want help to
10 understand the business traveller that's part of
11 tourism. I looked in the parking lot of the hotel,
12 and I watch people -- and we've been here for some
13 time -- I've watch people get up in the morning,
14 and there's a lot of guys putting on hard hats and
15 reflective vests and boots and going out to get
16 into well service trucks or communications trucks
17 or whatever. That's not your business traveller, I
18 assume?
19 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: From a statistical
20 perspective, if they are here for less than 30
21 nights, they are --
22 MR. MATTISON: Okay.
23 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: -- because we can't get
24 it so granular to really define it out any tighter
25 than that. And the reality is that business travel
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1 is often the welcome mat to leisure travel. We
2 know there's a tight correlation in terms of them.
3 So, again, we use the 30-night marker to break it
4 down.
5 MR. MATTISON: Okay. That's helpful, thank
6 you.
7 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
8 It is very helpful to put things in
9 perspective for us.
10 The reason why we ask if you could look at,
11 for instance, the Revelstoke reservoir, is from the
12 comments we had and we read, was people would come
13 and tell us it's different if you are a river
14 person or a lake or reservoir person.
15 We had other comments saying a reservoir is
16 not a lake. And we wanted to know from a previous
17 experience of a change from a river to a reservoir,
18 if there had been noticeably a change in -- not
19 just the type of clientele, but also a drop in that
20 region? But maybe we are getting here too much in
21 the details of what northern BC offers. Or maybe
22 you can answer more precisely to that.
23 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Well, I can certainly comment
24 that if we were in another area of the Province
25 that had a river that had a number of established
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1 businesses on it, that would change the perspective
2 on it.
3 Here, as I said, when we look at this part of
4 the Peace River, there's not an existing number of
5 tourism-related river-based businesses.
6 So from a development perspective, you're
7 definitely going to impact the river-use enjoyment
8 largely from a public recreation, not to
9 marginalize that.
10 From a tourism business development, you
11 don't have a number of businesses that are
12 currently going to be impacted.
13 So if you're an entrepreneur, looking to
14 develop, it's a bit of a net -- net, you know,
15 gain/loss perspective. Whereas -- and I don't know
16 about the number of existing businesses in the
17 Revelstoke area that may or may not have been
18 impacted.
19 So we tried to take a look at it specific to
20 this area, and the existing product, or lack of
21 product, in terms of tourism, ecotourism, and
22 river-based businesses.
23 MS. BEAUDET: We had a few presentations in
24 writing or orally of outfitters. Would that
25 category fit in the ecotourism, or in the outdoor
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1 recreation?
2 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: I'm sorry, I'll answer that;
3 guide outfitters are my client.
4 So they are -- I don't think that they
5 necessarily see themselves as being either of those
6 things. They are a sustainable resource use
7 tourism business, you know. I would expect that
8 the half dozen of them or so who would be impacted
9 would need to change how they operate, but I don't
10 know that it would have a net impact overall.
11 MS. BEAUDET: In a way, they have fallen
12 through the crack?
13 THE CHAIRMAN: But it seems as if they don't
14 register with you and get on the list of approved
15 accommodations. Why is that?
16 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: It's an excellent point.
17 We've just started working with another
18 program with the guides and outfitters, to look at
19 how we might help themselves market themselves a
20 little bit. The program is called Experiences BC.
21 Guides and outfitters are definitely -- we
22 view them as part of tourism because many of them
23 bring in external clients and often high-paid
24 clients. So back to our target demographic.
25 But I'll leave it to Chris to talk about
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1 whether the specific development of Site C would
2 have a meaningful impact on their business or not.
3 And we're currently thinking probably not.
4 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Yeah. In terms of an overall
5 impact, it would be difficult to see a direct
6 effect there.
7 I know that there are individuals, for
8 instance, who are -- we heard from Gary Drinkall
9 last week specifically about this, that he's got a
10 camp that's within the project area, that sort of
11 thing. Those kinds of effects would be certainly
12 important to individuals. But as an overall
13 tourism thing within the area, it's difficult to
14 see that direct line.
15 MS. BEAUDET: I believe you have a guide
16 for compensation for outfitters, and I was
17 wondering if we could get a copy of that, please.
18 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: I'm sorry, we do?
19 MS. BEAUDET: BC Hydro said that you do
20 have a guide if outfitters, for instance, here,
21 lose part of their business because of the flooding
22 of the river, and we were told that your Ministry
23 has a guide. Can we -- did I understand well?
24 MS. JUDY REYNIER: On the -- on the internet
25 site, or the website, there's a reference, and I
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1 forget the exact name of it, but it's guidelines
2 for dealing with overlapping tenure holders. And
3 what it does, it deals with the category of tenure
4 holder, like oil and gas or guide outfitters or
5 trappers. And there's a page on each, very, very
6 general. What it says is just sort of make -- form
7 an agreement between the two overlapping interests.
8 It doesn't actually give compensation guidelines.
9 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: For guide outfitters, in
10 particular, there is no compensation mechanism
11 within the Wildlife Act.
12 We rely on where there is an impact between
13 two tenure holders. We rely on those people to
14 work together to come to a common understanding.
15 But we don't insert ourselves in that.
16 MS. SUSAN YURKOVICH: Madam Beaudet, we could
17 provide you the link, if you'd like that.
18 MS. BEAUDET: Yes, please, I would
19 appreciate it. Thank you.
20
21 UNDERTAKING 89: Provide link for guidelines for dealing
22 with overlapping tenure holders on the Ministry of
23 Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations
24 website
25
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1 MS. BEAUDET: My last point is with respect
2 to, I would think, promotion of activities up here.
3 And you did explain very well where it is based,
4 like -- you know, it's a safe place, breathtaking
5 views, exceptional experience.
6 What we heard, for instance, from the
7 outfitter, one of the groups, anyway, here, it's
8 really "adventure". I mean, they have foreign
9 clientele, I suppose, fairly at ease with their
10 finance.
11 And I know that instead of concentrating on
12 breathtaking views, I mean, that level of clientele
13 usually has seen the world very often, and they
14 want an exceptional experience. And I was
15 wondering if you have a little niche for that type
16 of clientele? And how do you promote it for BC
17 and, especially, I suppose, northern BC?
18 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: It's an excellent
19 question. Two parts to the answer.
20 From the tourist clientele to this part of
21 the country, we have to make sure we're taking care
22 of the Alaska Highway traveller. They are the
23 bread and butter, the volume user, the ones that
24 generate the most revenue, particularly, for these
25 communities. But you talk about that niche
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1 clientele.
2 And, as I mentioned earlier, we're just
3 engaging with the Guide Outfitters Association of
4 British Columbia to talk more about how do we
5 actually help with their promotions? Because they
6 are often dealing with our BC ideal customer,
7 exactly as you said, a high-pay affluent person.
8 There's a comparable to our heli-ski client.
9 So it's an area that we know is an opportunity, and
10 one that we're starting to action. We actually
11 started last year to work with that association.
12 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
13 MR. MATTISON: I'm astounded to get this far
14 into this presentation and no one has said the word
15 "parks." Does that not matter in the north?
16 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Parks are incredibly
17 important in the north and across British Columbia,
18 of course. It's a great question.
19 Parks -- and, again, the questions were
20 around the impacts of Site C. If the questions
21 were around how we action the tourist advantage in
22 the north, then certainly the answer would be an
23 inclusion of areas like the parks and whatnot.
24 So, again, the Alaska Highway traveller
25 certainly accesses the parks along the routes.
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1 We know that the parks interpretive and
2 visitor stops are part of our, what we call,
3 visitor servicing and network. So it's very much
4 part of the tourism fabric. It just didn't come up
5 from the questions that we were asked here.
6 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Hadland.
7 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
8 I've got a couple of questions.
9 The first one is for this panel. And I'm
10 wondering if they have any information on the
11 potential for agritourism in the Peace Valley, that
12 we've heard the impact of the flood reserve on
13 agriculture itself. And agritourism is,
14 apparently, a growing industry. Have you looked at
15 that potential?
16 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Provincially -- again,
17 great question. Provincially, agritourism is on
18 the radar as a really important product. We're
19 finding more market seeking it in the Fraser
20 Valley/Lower Mainland area. It hasn't emerged yet
21 as a market-ready product for the north. That's
22 not to say it's not important.
23 Again, earlier on, we track about 50
24 products. And we have to -- we pick and choose
25 where we put our energy. We certainly both want to
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1 invest our energy in those new and emerging
2 markets. And we want to invest our energy in those
3 existing markets that draw clientele.
4 So agritourism in this area, again, we
5 haven't got much in the way of businesses aligned
6 to that in our inventory. I personally think it's
7 a great growth opportunity that we should be
8 actioning, particularly. I'm going to talk with my
9 tourism hat. We've got, in a way, this wonderful
10 influx of people to the north to experience it.
11 And a great place to live is a great place to
12 visit. So I think there's a great tourism
13 opportunity in this area.
14 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you.
15 Mr. Chairman, my second question is for
16 Hydro. And this comes out of the Section 25 on
17 recreation. And I can't get a more specific
18 reference to it, I was looking for it a minute ago
19 and I couldn't find it.
20 But Hydro established a series of points from
21 which they tried to determine the aesthetic impact
22 of the project, but none of those sites were on the
23 river. And I wonder if Hydro could comment on what
24 they might be missing by not having any of those
25 sites from the river itself.
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1 MS. SUSAN YURKOVICH: Are you speaking about
2 the visual resources, Mr. Hadland?
3 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: That would be -- that sounds
4 reasonable to me.
5 MS. SIOBHAN JACKSON: I'll ask Mr. Harrison to
6 follow-up.
7 I will note that the Joint Review Panel asked
8 us to provide additional viewscapes from the view
9 of the river, and while Mr. Harrison is talking,
10 I'll find the reference.
11 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Well, Mr. Chairman, I wasn't
12 aware that the panel had already done that, or
13 asked that question.
14 THE CHAIRMAN: Earlier on you had asked for
15 synthetic pictures of the landscape from the river.
16 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Oh. Oh, I didn't --
17 THE CHAIRMAN: Once it had been flooded in
18 comparison with the existing --
19 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: And has Hydro provided that?
20 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, they did.
21 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Okay. That's good for me.
22 Thank you very much.
23 MS. SIOBHAN JACKSON: The reference is JRP IR
24 number 13.
25 MR. JAMES LITTLE: Thanks.
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1 Jim Little. Just a couple points, the first
2 one is the other day, I didn't get -- have the
3 opportunity to come up when Mr. Drinkall finished
4 because things got speeded along, so ...
5 The point on that one was they were talking
6 about compensation for outfitters, and one of the
7 points that I wanted to make on that is that an
8 outfitter like Mr. Drinkall, or a high country
9 outfitters, they have actually have several
10 tenures, not just the one he's -- under the
11 applications where he'll have a guide outfitters
12 certificate. And he also has a commercial back
13 country recreation tenure. And there are two
14 different tenures and they both have evergreen
15 clauses in them.
16 So Hydro had suggested that they would only
17 negotiate to the term of the tenure, but they
18 actually have -- in the midterm, they can apply
19 for -- to start again, type of deal, go to the --
20 whatever the term of the tenure is, so that's the
21 point I wanted to make there.
22 The other thing I wanted to add on the Alaska
23 Highway tourist thing is that the Northern Rockies
24 regional municipality, which is Fort Nelson, they
25 actually changed the name of their community to
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1 represent what was happened in the Fort Nelson
2 LRMP, the Northern Rockies is one of the zones, and
3 then included the Muskwa Kechika.
4 So the Northern Rockies has a significant
5 tourism thing on their website. If you went to the
6 Northern Rockies' deal, you would see
7 significant there. And, also, the Alaska Highway
8 Tourist Association has significant advertising and
9 stuff within that.
10 In addition to that, the guide outfitters
11 themselves are fairly successful in doing their own
12 advertising for their own businesses and beyond
13 that, even the Ministry environment -- Chris'
14 organization -- in their annual hunting synopsis,
15 they actually have advertising in there to say
16 people can have back country experiences being
17 whether you're just going out to take photography,
18 et cetera. So there's some substantial advertising
19 out there for that. So I just wanted to mention
20 that.
21 Thank you.
22 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Atkins.
23 MR. TONY ATKINS: One of the reasons people
24 come here on their way to Alaska is to drive the
25 section between Hudson's Hope and Fort St. John.
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1 It is a valley that's worthwhile looking at, and
2 it's probably one of the better drives or the nicer
3 drives or the most scenic drives in British
4 Columbia.
5 We already have two visitor centres at two
6 existing dams. So if people wish to go and have a
7 look at the dams and the visitor centres, we've got
8 two of them. We've only got one road by the river
9 in the Peace, and we'd like to keep it that way.
10 Thank you.
11 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, sir.
12 Mr. Boon, I'm sure you have an opposite view.
13 MR. KEN BOON: No, I concur with that.
14 My comment and question is in regards to the
15 response to the question number six.
16 I would suggest that the two previous dams
17 have had a tremendous impact on tourism that could
18 have taken place in the Rocky Mountain Trench
19 section that's now all inundated.
20 You know, like, we seen a presentation this
21 morning from Kwadacha. Like, you know, how
22 different would things look up at the north end of
23 the trench around Fort Ware if that was not a
24 reservoir, and, you know, the tourism potential up
25 there would have been just tremendous. And, you
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1 know, it could be argued that Fort St. John might
2 have been almost like the Calgary of Alberta with
3 all the mountains to the west. You know, we're --
4 we are really missing out on a huge potential there
5 because of those two dams, and I'm just wondering
6 if this panel could maybe comment on that a little
7 bit.
8 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: I don't think we're prepared
9 to speculate about what might have happened if we'd
10 made other decisions.
11 THE CHAIRMAN: I think there's wisdom in
12 that. The question was a bit of a set-up.
13 Madam Beaudet.
14 MS. BEAUDET: I would be interested to
15 know -- for me, I'm discovering, in these last few
16 months, British Columbia. We always -- you have
17 the reputation of being a very beautiful province,
18 and, you know, you look at Vancouver, the Rockies,
19 I mean -- and I was wondering in the planning of
20 promoting for tourism if the northern part has been
21 a little bit neglected to some extent because you
22 have so much to offer in other places.
23 If you look, for instance, just agro-tourism,
24 you have the Fraser Valley. If you want to ski,
25 you have Whistler. And so in the planning, you
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1 have to look, first, for your bread and butter, and
2 you have to concentrate more on the assets that you
3 know will bring a lot of tourism.
4 So I would like to hear your comments on
5 that, please.
6 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Again, excellent
7 question. And it's a delicate balance between --
8 to be blunt, if we just wanted to raise revenue for
9 tourism in British Columbia, we would only focus on
10 Vancouver, Whistler, and Victoria. We could up the
11 numbers very quickly by doing that. It's existing
12 markets; people come. It's got global reputation.
13 But that is not what the Province is doing.
14 The Province is investing extreme resources
15 around supporting each of those six regions so they
16 can market themselves to their target clients.
17 And we have a few other programs, I mentioned
18 one called Experiences BC, which focuses on key
19 sectors, guide outfitters is one. We also have
20 other programs for community development. And we
21 have our visitor centre networks.
22 So you make an excellent point around is
23 enough resources being put to the north? And I
24 think that's always a debatable question. But we
25 certainly from a provincial perspective are
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1 focusing, in fact, a little more of our provincial
2 resources outside of those three centres of
3 Vancouver, Victoria, and Whistler because, frankly,
4 they are taking care of themselves quite well. And
5 we are trying to look at our promotional activities
6 in these other areas.
7 But if we have no supply, then there's not
8 much to market. We want to make sure people come,
9 have a great experience, and the product is
10 developed in a way that the supply and the demand
11 match up.
12 MS. BEAUDET: What year did you start
13 investing, for instance, in the region of northern
14 BC? I mean, you say the strategy is to look at the
15 entire province, but when did northern BC start
16 getting funds to look at this particular area?
17 MR. PETER HARRISON: Yeah, we've worked very
18 closely with the six tourism regions in the
19 Province, and, obviously, northern British Columbia
20 is very important. And we've had a partnership
21 program with northern British Columbia tourism
22 probably for about 30 years, and it's close to
23 about $1 million that's provided to the region to
24 do cooperative programs with the different tourism
25 stakeholders that operate throughout the Province.
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1 The other thing that we do primarily for
2 northern British Columbia, but also the Cariboo
3 Chilcotin Coast Tourism Association as well, is
4 that there's a program called Tourism North, which
5 is targeted directly towards the RV consumer that
6 is done in the lower 48, that's wanting to drive up
7 to Alaska for that trip of a lifetime. And we've
8 been involved in that program for probably about
9 15 years. And that's trying to encourage those
10 consumers to come up and be able to enjoy all the
11 different experiences that are available in British
12 Columbia. And there's a very important market here
13 right in northern British Columbia, and especially
14 along the Alaska Highway.
15 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
16 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.
17 Maya.
18 MS. MAYA STANO: Thank you very much.
19 I wonder if the government panel could just
20 bring some slides back here. There was one
21 question on impacts, and the answer was no.
22 Could you just bring that one back up.
23 Here we go. Okay.
24 So I just want to make some comments, and
25 then I hope the government panel could perhaps
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1 respond to these comments.
2 So, first, there was the comment about the
3 promotion of the northern area, and that the area
4 has got beautiful wide open spaces, and it's a big
5 draw to also show Aboriginal cultures.
6 I just want to stress that Aboriginal
7 cultures are not frozen in time. They are not just
8 what happened pre-European contact or in the last
9 hundred years ago or so on. It is well-recognized
10 that the Aboriginal rights and Aboriginal cultures
11 are meant to evolve over time. There's
12 Constitutional space for that. And those are still
13 a culture worth promoting.
14 And when there's this discussion of wide open
15 spaces, I think that's perhaps maybe a bit of a
16 narrow characterization of that because these wide
17 open spaces are covered with traditional
18 territories of First Nations where they exercise
19 their traditional rights to hunt, trap, gather,
20 exercise spiritual and cultural uses.
21 So I think there needs to be some clarity on
22 that.
23 But then that leads me to this issue of who
24 are the tourists that come to northern BC?
25 Now -- and the government representative
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1 mentioned that this is usually an older population,
2 a touring population.
3 But what I'm wondering is, in answering this
4 question here that no major changes are expected,
5 has the government panel considered whether the --
6 sorry, there was a mention earlier about a great
7 place to live is a great place to visit. So I'm
8 wondering how the government panel in answering
9 this question has considered the impacts of the
10 increased population, construction population, for
11 both Site C and all other projects in the area,
12 recognizing that that can be a short-term
13 population. Some workers will be here for that 30
14 days or less period; some will be here the less
15 than a year period. But as the panel had mentioned
16 earlier, often business travel leads to
17 recreational travel.
18 And there was also reference to heli-skiing
19 as the ideal traveller. Well, this is a
20 population -- construction population that will be
21 making high salaries. So, ideally, they will
22 actually be this type of population, this ideal
23 recreational use population.
24 And I note, too, the reference to Whistler
25 area, which, yes, is great proximity to
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1 Vancouver --
2 Sorry.
3 To Vancouver and so on, but not far from
4 Mackenzie. There's Powder King, which is I think
5 one of the best named resorts in the Province. It
6 truly is Powder King. And many people come to
7 Powder King and they discover the back country uses
8 in that area.
9 So all of these implications I wonder if the
10 government panel could just speak to those, please.
11 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: I love the questions.
12 I'm happy to speak to this all day.
13 The question that I was asked to come back to
14 was a very specific question that the panel asked
15 of us, which is around expecting major changes in
16 clientele with a change from a river environment to
17 a reservoir, a lake environment. And with that
18 specific question, I think we answered it fairly
19 clearly.
20 The questions, though, that come up
21 specifically around -- I've got three notes here.
22 Aboriginal culture. We know that one in four
23 people coming to British Columbia would like to
24 experience some component of Aboriginal culture in
25 their stay. We know that's a wonderful product
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1 that British Columbia has. And we work very
2 closely with an association called Aboriginal
3 Tourism British Columbia. And we're working both
4 with them on both marketing and product
5 development.
6 For example, I've got one of my directors
7 working directly with them around youth
8 entrepreneurship.
9 We really support Aboriginal tourism not only
10 from wanting to have that cultural product, but
11 continuing to have Aboriginal business people in
12 tourism. So there's -- that doesn't have to be
13 limited to the culture experience.
14 And the work that we've done with Aboriginal
15 Tourism British Columbia has led -- well, hasn't
16 led, that's overstating it, but their work has led
17 them to be international renowned as leaders in
18 Aboriginal culture. British Columbia is very
19 pleased that we are helping -- we are hosting the
20 International Aboriginal Tourism Forum this April.
21 And part of my team will be working with Aboriginal
22 Tourism BC on that.
23 So the question was an excellent segway to
24 talking about Aboriginal tourism and culture,
25 businesses and products.
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1 Just a note that Aboriginal Tourism British
2 Columbia is currently doing regional profiles.
3 They didn't have the work done for their north
4 region in time for -- to share with me for this
5 panel, but what they are trying to do is an
6 inventory of all of the businesses and interests,
7 and then we can start looking at what's in the art
8 of possible to help grow those businesses.
9 The other question that came up was with the
10 construction, the inflow of people. And as other
11 presentations have talked about, Site C is one of
12 many industrial developments in this area. And
13 that's bringing a lot of people to the area, and a
14 lot of affluence to the area. And the speaker
15 rightly pointed out that we want those people to be
16 enjoying the area.
17 Coming back to my very first slide. Tourism
18 is not about public recreation in how we define it,
19 so we want those people to either come back and
20 visit, have their relatives come and visit, we
21 want -- one of the northern BC's critical
22 challenges is the consumer's lack of awareness of
23 what we've got here up in the north.
24 So we would like the booms to help deal with
25 that problem a little bit.
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1 Now, how we action that into targeted
2 marketing and promotion, we need -- that's not for
3 the Province to impose on the communities or the
4 regions. We work in partnership with the
5 communities and the regions around how that may
6 evolve in the future.
7 And the last point was around Powder King.
8 I've skied it. I love it. Powder King is part of
9 the Ski It To Believe It campaign, that is our
10 winter campaign under way right now. But the point
11 that the more awareness we can get of our product
12 outside of those three centres, the better.
13 Couldn't agree more.
14 MR. MATTISON: The panel is charged with,
15 among other things, determining the impacts of the
16 proposed development on heritage resources. And
17 one of the -- there's a couple of sites in the
18 valley where Alexander Mackenzie passed through
19 here in 1792 on his way to the coast and camped,
20 and he came back and camped in 1793. Simon Fraser
21 camped in the valley. David Thompson camped in the
22 valley; they set up forts.
23 When I think of, I don't know, Fort McLeod,
24 Fort St. James, other sites; now, there's nothing
25 left of the encampments that those people made in
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1 the valley, but the viewscapes are largely
2 untouched probably because they've been in a flood
3 reserve for several decades, but, nevertheless,
4 they are undeveloped.
5 The question for us is what are we losing
6 here by inundating those sites and changing the
7 nature and character of that valley from a tourism
8 perspective?
9 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Forests, Lands and Natural
10 Resource Operations has a heritage branch that may
11 be posed to provide some information on that
12 question. I don't think that we are today.
13 We don't -- like, the tourism, the Ministry
14 of Tourism that Jennifer represents doesn't have
15 that information on that scale. We don't have that
16 degree of resolution.
17 THE CHAIRMAN: But if those sites were
18 developed or reconstructed or an historical
19 tableaux set up around them, it might be something
20 which could be promoted and enter into a regional
21 tourism strategy; is that it?
22 MS. JENNIFER DAVIS: Absolutely. Heritage
23 attractions are a great product. It's not existing
24 yet, so ...
25 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes. Yes. Okay. Well,
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1 look, unless there are other pressing questions
2 from the floor, I think we will break a little
3 early with the idea that we might reconvene a
4 little early.
5 Sorry, do we have another presentation on
6 wildlife?
7 MS. BEAUDET: Well, we have questions.
8 THE CHAIRMAN: We have questions. All
9 right. We're not going to break.
10 Okay. Mr. Addison, in particular.
11 Madam Beaudet.
12 MS. BEAUDET: I hope you were prepared that
13 we would go on with the conversation and questions
14 we were having with you last time and it was a very
15 long day and we said we would come back some other
16 day and I think it was planned for this morning.
17 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Okay.
18 MS. BEAUDET: You, yourself, had a long
19 list -- and I hope you still have it -- of points
20 that you had heard through the different
21 presentations and discussions that you wanted to
22 clarify or correct the information, so maybe we can
23 start with that.
24 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Sure.
25 I think there were several, I think, that we
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1 really wanted to touch on. And I think it's
2 important to note, in particular, when we talk
3 about moose hunting and regulation proposals, and
4 this idea that I've raised about how we can grow
5 more moose within the region, and make more people
6 happy with the resource that we have for moose.
7 I want to make it clear that it's my
8 intention and my preference to change moose harvest
9 within in this region regardless. I mean,
10 irrespective of Site C, I believe that changing how
11 we manage moose, in particular, can solve a lot of
12 problems that we have internally and with all the
13 stakeholders and with First Nations as well.
14 So I'm hoping to do that over the
15 coming years, but it's important to recognize as
16 well that my intention is to do that both
17 thoughtfully and with intent and from a position of
18 knowledge. And there are a lot of things that we
19 don't know about our moose population today,
20 particularly, around demographic questions. And we
21 need to answer those before we can intentfully move
22 forward with how we manage moose.
23 MS. BEAUDET: Regarding that, we had
24 started with looking at a population density or
25 numbers. You had mentioned that, for instance, for
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1 moose, it was stable.
2 You also gave us a fair amount of details on
3 grizzly bears. I think you had said -- I can't
4 remember if it was mule deer or elk, the population
5 had dropped extensively --
6 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Yeah.
7 MS. BEAUDET: -- and recently. Was it mule
8 deer or elk?
9 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: It's both over recent
10 periods. But over, say, 20 or 30 years, elk are
11 probably higher than they have been. Elk are not
12 new to the area specifically, but they are -- over
13 time since about the '70s or '80s, they have
14 increased in number. And then over the last five
15 or six years have decreased, and I'm kind of
16 expecting Jim little to stand up and correct me
17 about that as well.
18 Mule deer are a bit of a different story in
19 that over longer timeframes, there have always been
20 quite a few mule deer here, and, in particular, in
21 the valley. And then they've declined since about
22 '06 with a major decline in that winter, '06/'07.
23 MS. BEAUDET: You took an undertaking about
24 looking at the waterfowl corridors, and if --
25 anywhere, can you notice if there's another
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1 corridor that could take, you know, the place of
2 the Peace River?
3 And I was wondering also for ungulates
4 because we've heard a lot of people say they don't
5 move, others say they move, they cross the river;
6 they don't cross the river. So I was wondering if
7 you could sort of make a statement so that we can
8 understand in a way who is right. I mean, you know
9 about the populations here. You know where they
10 move, what they do.
11 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: I'm a firm believer that all
12 generalizations are false. And there are generally
13 populations within populations of mule deer, some
14 of them might move in elevation, some of them might
15 not.
16 Without some fairly detailed collaring
17 exercises, it's difficult to tell exactly which --
18 you know, which individuals might choose to move to
19 higher elevation or move to different areas.
20 So I guess the short answer there is that
21 both of those things are true. Some elk cross the
22 river; some mule deer cross the river; some don't.
23 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
24 I would like to look at another area of your
25 expertise here, unless my colleague has some
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1 questions about populations.
2 No? Okay.
3 Licensing and permitting. We heard, for
4 instance, that a trap line -- I mean, the trappers
5 would use also the islands on the river, and I was
6 wondering when you give a license for trapping, a
7 trapping area, do you include also the licenses
8 of -- I mean, the rivers on -- sorry, the islands
9 on the river?
10 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Generally, yeah.
11 The trap line boundaries will generally be
12 one shore or the other. And they can trap any land
13 that they have permission for within that area. So
14 if it's private land, then they need the permission
15 of the landowner. But if it's Crown land, then
16 they can trap it.
17 MS. BEAUDET: I'd like a side question with
18 BC Hydro, then. When you determined the percentage
19 of the trap line that is lost by the flooding of
20 the river, did you also calculate in the hectare
21 number, of the islands?
22 MR. STEVE NICOL: Steve Nicol.
23 Yes, we did. It's based upon the reduction
24 or the overlap between the project activity zone
25 and the territory of the trap line, was based upon
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1 the total area of the trap line, so that would
2 include the islands.
3 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
4 We had several presentations concerned with
5 the change in the bag limits or the catch or -- in
6 terms of the judgment passed by BC Hydro from their
7 analysis, saying that there'll be no effect because
8 the bag limits would be taken into consideration,
9 of course, you know, the population that rises or
10 is lowered. And they were worried about the
11 magnitude of that because -- you say there's no
12 effect because it would be adjusted. But then if
13 you have less number that you can hunt, it is an
14 impact.
15 And I was wondering, first of all, what do
16 you look at when you determine these numbers. And
17 has there been historically big changes that, you
18 know, people would feel the impact? In
19 recent years, of course.
20 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: I'm not sure I understand.
21 Are you asking if the regulation changes over
22 time more generally? Or just bag limits? Or.
23 MS. BEAUDET: Bag limits.
24 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Yeah. Bag limits for all
25 ungulates are one -- no, sorry, that's not true.
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1 It's different for deer. Bag limits for deer are
2 actually quite complicated. But for elk and moose,
3 you know, a licensed hunter can take one per year.
4 The same applies to mountain goat and sheep.
5 In terms of the harvest itself has, you know,
6 fluctuates over time for sure.
7 And, I'm sorry, can I ask for clarification
8 about -- is there something else that's missing
9 from my answer?
10 MS. BEAUDET: Well, if you look, for
11 instance, I think we heard from BC Hydro that there
12 would be, let's say, 25 percent loss of habitat
13 that could affect moose. I don't think it's
14 necessarily the figure, but let's take that as an
15 example.
16 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Okay.
17 MS. BEAUDET: And then hunters -- and also
18 Aboriginal groups would be worried that, you know,
19 the number of moose will go down.
20 Now, we know the moose population is stable,
21 and you said that, you know, there's enough at the
22 moment. But if it does go down, and you can't even
23 hunt a moose per year, or you have to be three
24 hunters for one moose.
25 So, first, how do you determine, you know,
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1 that suddenly you have to go down in the number
2 that you are allowed? Could there be one year you
3 can't hunt moose or you can't hunt elk? To what
4 extent the users of the land could be impacted?
5 I mean, we say, okay, there's no change or
6 there's no residual effects, but to what extent is
7 that true?
8 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Okay. With respect to
9 moose, specifically, we use a regulation for
10 hunting moose that we consider -- we call them
11 "safe regulations" because they are
12 density-dependent.
13 So if there are only a certain proportion of
14 the moose that we have, and it's about 20 percent
15 or so, of the moose that we have on the landscape
16 are vulnerable to harvest, based on the animal
17 configuration they have.
18 If there are fewer moose out there, then
19 there'll be fewer moose vulnerable to harvest, and
20 harvest will go down.
21 If we were to see that, then, it's certainly
22 possible that we would change regulations to effect
23 that.
24 The point that gets asked of me quite
25 commonly is to forecast what that's going to be,
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1 what the appropriate tool is going to be in the
2 future, and that's a difficult question for me to
3 answer.
4 It's somewhat like -- you know, you're trying
5 to build a house and you've got a plan and then
6 somebody comes and says, well, go hammer those
7 boards together, you know, and without really
8 understanding if that's going to be the right tool
9 or not.
10 MS. BEAUDET: Just one more thing on that
11 subject.
12 The regulations will not change, but there
13 was somebody -- I think it was Dr. Nagy who
14 suggested, like, what they do in the Northwest
15 Territories, that they can have a limited number
16 for certain years with the tag, that you can't hunt
17 more than this or that when there's an influx of
18 population.
19 And so, let's say, the people that do come in
20 are restricted more than the users of the land or
21 any other proposal that would sort of counteract
22 the possible effect. Have you envisaged that?
23 Have you ever done it here?
24 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Differentiate between local
25 people from British Columbia?
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1 MS. BEAUDET: Yes.
2 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: No, we don't. We
3 differentiate between a resident of British
4 Columbia and someone who is not a resident, but we
5 don't differentiate between the residents.
6 You know, a moose licence or an elk licence,
7 you can go into, you know, any Service BC or any
8 sport store, most Wal-Marts, buying an elk licence
9 or a moose licence, and it's good wherever there is
10 a season in BC.
11 MS. BEAUDET: Regarding the moose that are
12 infected, and that we heard from the Aboriginal
13 groups, you had brought some documents. And I
14 don't think you gave them to us. I think they are
15 not on the Registry.
16 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Around the health?
17 MS. BEAUDET: Around the health of the
18 moose. And I was wondering if you could give that
19 to the Secretariat. Maybe you don't have it today.
20 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: For sure. Yeah, I certainly
21 can.
22 I believe I forwarded them to Gelita, to the
23 Secretariat.
24 MS. BEAUDET: Oh, okay. Because we tried
25 to look at the documents, and we didn't have them.
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1 So I thought -- okay. If you've done it, it's
2 okay.
3 Maybe we can -- my last point was on
4 watershed restoration. We've heard several
5 presentations trying to explain to us how it should
6 be done and what should be preserved and it should
7 be a rallying concept, you know, for the problems
8 that you have with all the different industries
9 here.
10 And I believe -- I don't know if it's
11 Minister of Environment or your Ministry, but you
12 do have quite a lot of involvement in watershed
13 restoration, and I was wondering how you function
14 when you have a huge project adding to the other
15 local industry that is happening here?
16 Do you have any strategy with respect to
17 Site C concerning watershed restoration?
18 Do you intend to look at all the different
19 planning tools that exist here on the land?
20 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: I don't think I'm the person
21 to answer that.
22 MS. BEAUDET: Okay.
23 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: That may be a Ministry of
24 Environment question. I'll confer with the people
25 here, and get back to you.
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1 MS. BEAUDET: Yes, please. Thank you.
2
3 UNDERTAKING 90: Provide the source of information for
4 the study within the land and resource management
5 planning boundary for Dawson Creek and how far back
6 that information goes
7
8 THE CHAIRMAN: You have a point, I think,
9 probably on what was just being talked about?
10 MR. JASON LEE: Yes, I do. Thank you, panel.
11 And Jason Lee, my instructor at the Treaty 8
12 Tribal Association.
13 So in regards to trapping, and the question
14 about trapping, to FLNRO and to the proponent,
15 BC Hydro, was the panel aware that although there
16 is the provincial trap line system, Treaty 8 First
17 Nation members, throughout the Treaty 8 Territory,
18 which makes up a third of this Province, do not
19 require a trapping licence to trap in the Treaty 8
20 Territory.
21 And so although some members and communities
22 do participate in the provincial trapping system,
23 members, any member, can trap anywhere. So was
24 that taken into the assessment when you asked that
25 question about the islands?
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, we are certainly aware
2 of that.
3 MR. JASON LEE: Okay. Thank you.
4 The second question I -- a point I would just
5 like to make is when you asked Mr. Addison about
6 moose and moose harvest, you did mention First
7 Nations. I didn't hear in that response how it's
8 taken into account the First Nations moose hunt
9 considerations? Was that answered? Or did I
10 miss --
11 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Addison?
12 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: No, I didn't.
13 Currently, we consider that we have a
14 sufficient surplus, you know, on broad spatial
15 scales, especially to meet the Aboriginal need.
16 What we do is consider that -- and this is
17 another question that has come up quite a bit, is
18 this issue of how do we assess what a community
19 needs to meet their Aboriginal Right? And that's a
20 complicated question. And we're just starting to
21 have that conversation with communities now. It's
22 more than a number.
23 And it's, you know, how we assess it today is
24 that we have this fairly restricted harvest for
25 licensed hunters. And then the Aboriginal hunt is
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1 essentially unrestricted. They have access to the
2 whole population of moose over the whole year.
3 Certainly, you know, recognizing that, you
4 know, I -- I do hear that they are -- you know,
5 there are individuals at least who have -- you
6 know, who bring to my attention to this perceived
7 decline in moose populations. We need to be
8 thoughtful about how we address that in the future.
9 So the -- you know, over the coming year or
10 so, I'm expecting to have a fairly in-depth
11 conversation about Treaty 8 needs.
12 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Lee, one gap in the
13 system that I think I've been hearing is that there
14 is incomplete data about the Aboriginal take, which
15 needs to feed into the demographic of the moose
16 population.
17 MR. JASON LEE: M'mm-hmm.
18 THE CHAIRMAN: Treaty 8 is alive to that
19 proposition, or problem?
20 MR. JASON LEE: It is, yes. And that is an
21 outstanding question.
22 And, as I mentioned the other day, I have
23 been in this position full time since 2004. And
24 this question has been asked and requested over
25 the years since I've been there by the Treaty 8
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1 communities, and still it has not been answered or
2 addressed with the communities. We're hopeful in
3 the future our government will sit down and have a
4 that dialogue. But as to my recollection, there is
5 no data on that.
6 Thank you.
7 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you.
8 MR. JASON LEE: Now, I do have two questions
9 for FLNRO in regards to our conversation the other
10 day, and I thought today would be the day to ask
11 those two. Should I wait for that, or could I ask
12 them now?
13 THE CHAIRMAN: No, you're there, carry on.
14 MR. JASON LEE: Okay. So two, quick
15 questions.
16 I'm aware, and we're aware, and we mentioned
17 the other day the collaring project. And I talked
18 about how Treaty 8 had been involved in the
19 consultation for that permit, and also in the study
20 design; although, they tried early on to be
21 involved.
22 I know there was collaring was done and there
23 was line transects done throughout Stage 2, but I'm
24 wondering at any time did BC government or the
25 proponent -- I've heard about FLIR -- no, I'm not
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1 an expert on that, but that's using infrared,
2 forward-looking infrared image scanning. And I'm
3 just wondering did the proponent ever consider that
4 or do that for this project, for the islands or the
5 studies?
6 THE CHAIRMAN: That's a factual question?
7 MS. SIOBHAN JACKSON: I need Mr. Simpson to come
8 and respond to that. He's here somewhere.
9 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: In advance of that, I might
10 be able to address it. This use of FLIR is not
11 currently within the accepted protocols of the
12 British Columbia; mainly, because we don't know how
13 to index it. Like, we know that regardless, you're
14 not going to see 100 percent of animals in your
15 scanning area. And we don't know how to index that
16 to what the actual population is.
17 THE CHAIRMAN: I suppose it's difficult to
18 tell an elk from a moose, too, with a FLIR
19 instrument.
20 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: It can be, yeah.
21 THE CHAIRMAN: Can you comment on that?
22 MR. KEITH SIMPSON: Yes. I think the question
23 was had used or considered using infrared imaging
24 for doing surveys?
25 MR. JASON LEE: For this project.
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1 MR. KEITH SIMPSON: No, it's not required. The
2 visibility of the animals is high enough in this
3 area that it's quite easy to do a standard survey.
4 MR. JASON LEE: So it was not done?
5 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Lee, your second
6 question.
7 MR. JASON LEE: Yes. That's regards to -- we
8 had a lot of dialogue about grizzly bears in the
9 past week, and I know you've heard this a lot.
10 So when Mr. Addison was here last week -- and
11 just paraphrasing -- he talked a bit about the Fort
12 St. John area, and not wanting grizzlies really in
13 this area. We talked a bit about -- he talked a
14 bit about the management unit where they are
15 currently, quotation marks, "considered
16 extirpated."
17 I did have dialogue with the staff who
18 originally were tasked many years ago, and I
19 believe it was Tony Hamilton, at that time about
20 saying -- looking into the grizzly bear population
21 of that management unit. My understanding was
22 there was no field research ever done to come up
23 with that decision.
24 In our experience at Treaty 8, just saying
25 they are extirpated has become more of a problem
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1 and that's because it's allowed a lot of activities
2 to go on in that area that may have not in the past
3 because the understanding is there is no grizzly
4 bears. So I understand there was no actual field
5 research done to make that decision.
6 What I'd like to ask Mr. Addison is I know
7 Treaty 8 First Nation communities, members, Elders,
8 and Chief and councils have raised this for a long
9 time about their understanding that there is a
10 population there, and there is, you know, a lot of
11 sightings by grizzly bears. I received the
12 pictures anywhere from April all the way -- I have
13 pictures up until December of grizzly bears within
14 this area.
15 I also heard from the proponent for -- that
16 they mentioned -- that they talked about when they
17 were in Doig that it was the FLNRO office that had
18 not recommended or didn't think there needed to be
19 a study of grizzly bears, but I know the
20 communities have raised that with government.
21 So how was that taken into consideration by
22 FLNRO and the ecologists in the office when they
23 were hearing from the Treaty 8 First Nations that
24 there should be a grizzly bear study; was that
25 considered?
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Addison?
2 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: There are -- a "grizzly bear
3 study" is a pretty loose term. I'm not exactly
4 sure what the specifics of that would be.
5 If we were to do a population assessment --
6 and, again, we know that there are bears in there.
7 In the spring, when a grizzly bear walks by a
8 school bus stop, I'll certainly hear about it. And
9 those are fun, fun phone calls to have. If we were
10 to do a population inventory within the Peace, it
11 would not be my top priority.
12 We know that the mortality of them is quite
13 high within this region. It's really -- the
14 extirpated applies to a management strategy. We
15 are -- there are only three classifications for,
16 what we call, grizzly bear population units within
17 the Province. And in this case, it's three
18 management units running from the border to about
19 the Halfway River or so.
20 And we have no real intent to manage these
21 grizzly bears like we do in the rest of the
22 province. To have a hunt there, it's just not
23 appropriate for this area.
24 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Lee?
25 MR. JASON LEE: Sorry, I asked about how
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1 Treaty 8 First Nations were considered in that --
2 in the decision not to go ahead with the grizzly
3 bear study, so --
4 THE CHAIRMAN: But we're now getting a
5 little far afield from the Site C question. You
6 may have a --
7 MR. JASON LEE: Okay. It's in regards to
8 those management units in that area.
9 So I guess my understanding that there wasn't
10 a study recommended by FLNRO, or it was recommended
11 they did not require to do a study, but I heard
12 from our communities there should -- there needed
13 to be a study to be done. And I just -- is it all
14 science-based, or does FLNRO consider the Treaty 8
15 First Nations' interests or recommendations? I
16 think that's important.
17 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Addison, do you have
18 further comment on that?
19 MR. CHRIS ADDISON: Yeah, I mean, we would look
20 at it in terms of what the information need was to
21 answer the questions in front of us. And a grizzly
22 bear research program -- you know, I mean, they --
23 they are included as a VC within the EIS. You
24 know, there's -- to say that we need a study of
25 them is a very broad statement, and I don't know --
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1 you know, I wasn't involved in the decision to do a
2 study or not do a study, perhaps Keith can answer
3 that. I see him actually interested in it.
4 MR. KEITH SIMPSON: I think I can clarify what
5 happened with grizzly bears. We did consult with
6 the provincial specialists for grizzly bears, both
7 Tony Hamilton and Matt Austin, and what should be
8 done in this area. They were quite happy with the
9 habitat-based assessment that we did, which was
10 totally consistent with the current assessments
11 that the Province had done for grizzly bears,
12 recognizing that there are very few in the area.
13 And in terms of potentially capturing grizzly
14 bears and collaring them and tracking them in an
15 area like that is a considerable effort involved to
16 capture animals, even in a normal bear population
17 because they are quite widely dispersed, and they
18 don't occur at high densities, even in a healthy
19 population.
20 In an area like this, it would take an
21 extreme effort, months to capture a bear probably,
22 and all you would find out is what we really
23 already know.
24 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Lee, I think we'll call
25 that one there. Thank you very much.
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1 MR. JASON LEE: Okay. Thank you.
2 Mr. Little.
3 MR. JAMES LITTLE: Thanks. I got several
4 points. I appreciate the opportunity.
5 I'm also representing the North Peace Rod &
6 Gun Club also, one of my questions are.
7 Just to -- Chris had talked the other day
8 when they presented that basically how they
9 allocate populations basically, first of all, you
10 have to have a huntable population. First Nations
11 then get the first kick at it, then the rest of us
12 have the opportunity. I just wanted to emphasize
13 that. And we support that.
14 Beyond that, this past weekend we just
15 finished what we have annually, we have a wildlife
16 count. And the Rod & Gun Club plus others in the
17 community go out and that get designated areas to
18 count what's going on out there in terms of
19 critters. So my zone is actually the confluence of
20 the Doig, and my wife and myself did ours on
21 Sunday. And other people did it in the Peace
22 valley, et cetera.
23 I can report to the panel their current
24 information on wildlife populations. In our zone,
25 there's literally no deer left this winter, or at
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1 least not actively operating out in our zone, which
2 we cover 280 kilometres of roads and trails and
3 stuff this past weekend. We saw one mule deer.
4 Last year, we saw 30 whitetails and about the
5 same number of mule deer in our zones that we've
6 had the look at.
7 We also saw -- last year, we saw elk, and we
8 didn't see an elk this year. And we saw three
9 moose, and the moose were -- they looked healthy
10 and everything else, but that's all we saw in our
11 zone for 280 kilometres.
12 The Peace Valley, the people I have talked to
13 there, there's a significant number of moose in the
14 Peace Valley this winter, and also a significant
15 number of both mule and whitetail on the slopes.
16 So this winter it's going to be a winter
17 that's going to prove what we've been talking
18 about.
19 The unfortunate thing is now going forward
20 for the deer, this icing and nice weather we have
21 is going to kill a lot more deer going forward
22 because your predators can take them on pretty
23 good, and we'll probably loose about a half of
24 what's left out there because of predators.
25 And, also, their skins are very thin compared
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1 to moose. They go through the deep snow, or if
2 they get chased out there, they actually literally
3 can bleed to death from cuts they achieve in the
4 snow. So Peace Valley is very important, in this
5 kind of winter.
6 Going beyond that, I want to remind people in
7 terms of the ability to cross the pond when the
8 reservoir is filled.
9 The other day, I was out in the valley, a
10 moose did come across the river, and did quite well
11 on it. This type of winter, where you get
12 freezing, thawing, everything else, and here,
13 steep-sloughing banks, the odds of a moose crossing
14 or an elk or any kind of wildlife is next to
15 nothing. And I've seen in my career, I've seen a
16 lot of critters die in the Pine Pass and that's
17 where the deer try to cross even the Pine River
18 there in the winter, where if they get in the
19 water, they can't get back up on shore, et cetera,
20 they don't make it. And onto the new reservoir
21 regime, there's going to be very little crossing of
22 that.
23 I guess in terms of changing seasons and
24 everything else, we do work with fish and wildlife
25 significantly in terms of providing funds for their
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1 wildlife count, providing funds for expansion of
2 stuff, and have done that along the Peace Valley
3 and wildlife berms, et cetera.
4 So the North Peace Rod & Gun Club do
5 continue, and will in the future continue to work
6 with Chris' group to see that we have a huntable
7 population of all species, even with or without
8 Site C, but we really feel that Site C could be a
9 critical downfall in the number of populations.
10 Thank you.
11 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.
12 And now I think it's time for lunch. I'd
13 like to thank the panel for the two topics that
14 they covered in some considerable detail.
15 We'll reconvene at 1:30. Thank you.
16
17 (Proceedings adjourned at 11:55 a.m.)
18 (The luncheon adjournment)
19 (Proceedings reconvened at 1:30 p.m.)
20
21 THE CHAIRMAN: Well, good afternoon,
22 everybody. I think most of us are here.
23 Mr. Brian Churchill is our first speaker,
24 and, as he's getting set up, I would like to turn
25 to Hydro, who, I gather, have information on
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1 accidents on roads.
2 MS. SUSAN YURKOVICH: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
3 I believe you asked the question of
4 Dr. Badenhorst this morning about motor vehicle
5 accidents statistics in Fort St. John. I'd like to
6 -- Mr. Izett can provide a little bit of
7 information related to that.
8
9 BC Hydro Panel:
10 Susan Yurkovich.
11 Siobhan Jackson.
12 Alex Izett.
13 Trevor Proverbs.
14 Judy Reynier.
15 Bettina Sander.
16 Celesa Horvath.
17 Jeff Lundgren.
18 Brent Mossop.
19 Dave Mormorek.
20
21 MR. ALEX IZETT: Thank you, Ms. Yurkovich.
22 Madam Beaudet, from the information that we
23 have from the Ministry of Transportation and
24 Infrastructure, there has been one fatal injury
25 collision from along Highway 97 from a point
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1 several kilometres east of the 100th Street to
2 about a kilometre and a half west of here at 269
3 Road. That's information from the Ministry's
4 collision information system. There might have
5 been -- sorry, one.
6 SPEAKER: What years?
7 MR. ALEX IZETT: Two thousand -- between 2002
8 and 2011.
9 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Churchill. Welcome.
10
11 Presentation by Mr. Brian Churchill, Peace Conservation
12 and Endowment Trust:
13 MR. BRIAN CHURCHILL: Thank you.
14 My name is Brian Churchill. B-r-i-a-n,
15 C-h-u-r-c-h-i-l-l.
16 First, I would like to acknowledge the
17 traditional territory of several Treaty 8 First
18 Nations, and thank them for sharing.
19 I would like to thank the panel for granting
20 me an opportunity to make this presentation.
21 My wife and I have driven 1,300 kilometres,
22 from Creston, BC to Fort St. John, at our own
23 expense to attend a week of your panel hearings. I
24 would like to say that the only clients I represent
25 are my family and perhaps the public interest.
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1 My personal commitment to volunteer with the
2 Peace Valley Environmental Association and Treaty 8
3 exceeded the useful life of no less than three
4 computers. This commitment has had a significant
5 negative influence on the financial resiliency of
6 our retirement.
7 I am no longer resident of the Peace. I'll
8 get to that later. So I thank you to my many
9 friends and acquaintances in Fort St. John who has,
10 again, made me welcome.
11 I would like to introduce myself.
12 I'm a land owner in the upper Cache Creek
13 within the regional impact area identified by
14 BC Hydro. I'm a businessman holding wood lot 1925,
15 also, in the upper Cache area.
16 I'm a former resident of Hudson's Hope and
17 Fort St. John from 1977 to 2011.
18 I'm a (indiscernible) member of the North
19 Peace Rod & Gun Club.
20 I earned a Bachelor's degree from the
21 University of British Columbia with a dual major in
22 ecology and physical geography.
23 I earned a Master's degree in forestry,
24 forest wildlife from the University of British
25 Columbia.
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1 I was honoured to serve as a school trustee
2 in School District 60, Peace River north, from
3 1998 -- 1988 to 1993, serving both as Chairman and
4 finance Chair.
5 I was honoured to serve as a councillor with
6 the City of Fort St. John from 1995 to 2001.
7 I enjoyed a career as a biologist for the
8 British Columbia Ministry -- Minister of
9 Environment from 1975 to 1997, holding a number of
10 positions as a researcher, MOE regional team leader
11 for the northeast coal project, wildlife habitat
12 enhancement biologist, and regional combined
13 wildlife management and fish wildlife habitat
14 section head for the Peace drainage subcomponent of
15 the Peace region for a decade.
16 I'm a registered professional biologist in
17 the Province of British Columbia, number 128. And
18 currently president of the College of Applied
19 Biologists of BC, the regulatory body for
20 biologists.
21 I've been a principal of Chillborne
22 Environmental, a small consulting company since
23 1997 with a focus on interactions and
24 accommodations of wildlife, primarily ungulates, in
25 response to industrial developments.
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1 In 1998, I teamed with a number of other
2 local persons forming the Peace Habitat and
3 Conservation Endowment Trust facet to promote
4 conservation planning in the Peace low lands.
5 I have a varied project history, as do most
6 consultants, you may be interested to know that my
7 most recent and last major project included
8 submitting a report and being qualified as an
9 expert in the Northern Gateway Joint National
10 Energy Board, Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
11 panel proceedings. My specific focus was caribou.
12 My introduction to the Peace country is
13 similar to many who have drunk from the waters of
14 the Peace, and have been drawn to return as per the
15 Dane-Zaa culture.
16 Coming down the Alaska Highway in 1972 from
17 the north, after several weeks in the mountains of
18 the Muskwa Kechika, I couldn't understand the
19 brilliant, lush agricultural landscape and the
20 valley that suddenly appeared out of the sea of
21 spruce forest that made travel on the Alaska
22 Highway in those days so prolonged, like crossing
23 northern Ontario.
24 To this recent university graduate familiar
25 with the dry Ponderosa ecosystems of southeastern
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1 BC, the lush hillsides of the Peace River Valley
2 were a complete surprise this far north. They
3 spoke of much promise.
4 The northeast coal project provided
5 employment to begin my 35 years of residency in the
6 Peace. I lived initially in Hudson's Hope and
7 commuted to Fort St. John, but I moved to Fort St.
8 John with my family, taking the kind advice to buy
9 a house on one of the few paved streets.
10 Living and working in Fort St. John, I
11 learned the ecological values and functions the
12 valley mostly related to, the warm air flow that
13 creates a microclimate as it flows through the only
14 river valley to breach the Rocky Mountains chain;
15 now, the Peace Reach in the Williston lake.
16 This microclimate, the wildlife, the berries
17 abundant in the valley, the protective pastoral
18 landscape of farms and wildlife formed a personal
19 bond to the values found in the valley.
20 I'm here because I believe socio-economics
21 are not just about the numbers and graphs and
22 models and management plans; they are about
23 individuals, their occupations, investments, and
24 social satisfaction.
25 Those who choose to change their place of
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1 residency for their final resting place, perhaps,
2 easily understand the trade-offs -- understand
3 trade-offs are based on history and on family, on
4 quality of each day, and the comfort for their soul
5 are used in that decision. The place you choose to
6 live is a socio-economic decision.
7 My wife and I invested 35 years of the most
8 productive years of our life in the Peace. We
9 raised our family and formed our lives and dreams
10 in a continuing investment in place in community.
11 Suddenly our mental health would not allow us to
12 live here. The social and economic cost to us of
13 the dark cloud that has hung over the valley.
14 My objective for these hearings I'm going to
15 outline. The information flow has been
16 insurmountable for an individual, and the hearing
17 process has been fatiguing for me. I have respect
18 for the panel's fortitude and forbearance. I will
19 attempt to be concise and talk only about what, I
20 feel, may assist the panel's understanding. I will
21 close with some specific suggestions.
22 I'll address four topics: done deal, style of
23 consultation, the failure of the current Peace
24 mitigation plan, and the opportunity cost of a dark
25 cloud or shadow of the dam.
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1 The done deal, the long-term impact. After
2 30 years since the findings of the BC Utilities
3 Commission, and with continuing statements by the
4 proponent that Site C is shelf-ready, some people
5 and organizations have adopted a mentality that
6 Site C is a done deal.
7 The concerns of individuals and organizations
8 like the Peace Valley Environment Association, the
9 City of Fort St. John, have tended to be dismissed,
10 similar to the stop-the-hearing/start-the-dam
11 sentiment at the time of the BCUC hearings.
12 Without the BCUC, what would have been the
13 cost of Site C to the provincial economy had it
14 been built 30 years ago?
15 We hear much about the need for business to
16 have certainty, a concept I believe has merit.
17 Some level of certainty required by individuals,
18 organizations, business, and government so they can
19 anticipate and plan for the future.
20 Business needs certainty in the rules that
21 support not only their financial datas, but their
22 social licence.
23 Individuals need certainty that they can
24 invest in property, business, and community.
25 Social licence requires the perception of
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1 trust in fairness, transparency, and governance in
2 the best public interest.
3 A 30-year hanging done-deal status for Site C
4 has created uncertainty opportunity costs for
5 agriculture, recreation, conservation, and
6 effective mitigation for existing hydro
7 developments.
8 For example, Peace Habitat and Conservation
9 Endowment Trust Society facet was created by myself
10 and some other concerned individuals, many from the
11 local Rod & Gun Club. The purposes of this society
12 were to initiate habitat conservation projects with
13 other partners and to stimulate conservation
14 planning in action in the Peace lowlands
15 ecosection.
16 Unfortunately, those efforts have been
17 stymied by the perception of Site C being a
18 done-deal. Being in 1998.
19 In most every institution, local and
20 national, as well as individuals, identified that
21 the pending dam would waste their effort of
22 investing either energy or funding in projects in
23 the Peace lowlands; the most valuable and diverse
24 ecosystem in the region.
25 The substantive absence of meaningful
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1 dialogue and presence by the proponent in the three
2 decades following BCUC hearings fundamentally
3 implies the corporation has the right to Site C,
4 and, further, that such review, as your panel, is
5 perfunctory and perhaps unnecessary.
6 Much of the frustration in the region comes
7 from the projected attitude that Site C is a
8 done-deal. This perception has significantly
9 impaired the management of the valley and
10 associated resources.
11 Just try to develop a wildlife viewing
12 strategy, off-road vehicle management,
13 recreation-based business. These issues would not
14 be dealt with by the authorities because Site C was
15 perceived to be a done-deal.
16 Has the done-deal mentality led to minimizing
17 the scope of assessments and significance that the
18 proponent has chosen? Could the assumptions of
19 outcome flavour the process?
20 It would decrease values in both financial
21 and social licence terms, lubricating the way for
22 the project.
23 To me, the done-deal mentality certainly
24 appears to have had some impact on current day
25 short-term values that are used for the new
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1 baseline.
2 The economic axiom of resource certainty
3 (sic) indicates the abundant resources have less
4 value than scarce ones.
5 I need to repeat that.
6 The economic axiom of resource scarcity
7 indicates that abundant resources have less value
8 than scarce ones. So if an ecosystem, a soil, or a
9 desirable landscape becomes scarce or is perceived
10 to be scarce, its value increases.
11 So industrial envelopment is having a
12 cumulative impact on environmental resources and
13 social well-being in the assessment area, the less
14 impact the resources in the Peace Valley increase
15 in value.
16 The greater the region cumulative and social
17 impacts, the higher the value in keeping them
18 intact in the Peace Valley, contrary to the
19 perceived decrease in value from the done-deal
20 mentality.
21 A sentiment, apparently, shared by 1,000
22 people who participated in the Paddle for the Peace
23 in 2012. However, the done deal is not necessarily
24 done. And in the David and Goliath type situation,
25 the PVA and the people of Treaty 8 First Nations
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1 have raised, approximately, half a million dollars
2 in donations and contributions in excess of that
3 for volunteer efforts, all to try and provide the
4 panel with enough information to understand that
5 Site C is not a done deal, nor in the public
6 interest.
7 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Churchill, could I get
8 you to move your mic a little closer. Thank you.
9 MR. BRIAN CHURCHILL: Thank you.
10 I want to talk about the style of
11 consultation. People tend to react based on
12 experience. I cannot remember when the proponent
13 ever accepted that it did not have the best
14 perspective or the correct interpretation.
15 The scepticism of many of the participants in
16 this hearing to the Proponent's intentions or
17 undertakings are not a matter of trust. It's a
18 reaction to experience.
19 The proponent has undertaken two
20 highly-structured consultation processes since 2010
21 that I have been involved in.
22 The Oxford dictionary online has a definition
23 of "consult". It's a verb to be used with an
24 object:
25
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1 "To seek advice or
2 information from, or ask guidance
3 from. Or to refer to for
4 information. Or to have a regard
5 for a person's interest,
6 convenience, et cetera, in making
7 plans."
8
9 For me, the proof is in the pudding. As I
10 sat with this panel for the past week, I did not
11 get the impression there was a surplus of people
12 that felt consultations met those definitions.
13 Not only the information provided appeared to
14 promote the project, but the formats appeared to
15 divide the consultees -- I'm not even sure if
16 that's a word -- into separate sessions to prevent
17 reasonable discussion.
18 Furthermore, the consultations were heavily
19 managed and perceived to be less than transparent.
20 As any recording of the proceedings was prohibited,
21 and only summaries, not transcripts, were produced
22 later.
23 Invitations to a number of business
24 consultation sessions were apparently restricted in
25 secret. Consultation with special interest groups
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1 were restricted to no observers and lacked
2 transparency.
3 Frustration levels at the open house
4 consultation sessions were high, as information
5 provided by the consultees, at one, were not
6 included in successive ones. Errors were common.
7 Such things as obvious, primary roots were
8 often misidentified or non-identifiable, and often
9 the presenter's knowledge was restricted only to
10 the presentation materials. This for a project
11 that had been shelf-ready for three decades.
12 Suffice to say, I doubt that anyone was
13 satisfied with the consultation, satisfied that the
14 consultation session sought advice or information
15 or guidance, gathered insufficient information, or
16 had a regard for the interests of attendees. The
17 proponent, however, seemed -- deemed the
18 consultation to be successful.
19 My comments on mitigation and compensation
20 programs. My comments made apply to mitigation and
21 compensation programs in general, but are
22 experiences with Peace-Williston for fish and
23 wildlife only. I have looked at the EIS
24 guidelines, and their requirements for mitigation.
25 I believe the panel has heard that the
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1 mitigation and compensation proposals are not
2 specific enough, that their effectiveness has not
3 been assessed in any rigorous fashion.
4 The funding level is not proposed in the EIS.
5 It was revealed at the hearings this week -- I
6 guess it's last week, rather than being documented
7 in the EIS that at least in the mitigation fund for
8 agriculture is not based on analysis of
9 effectness (sic) or cost, but on a model of the
10 value of today's agriculture effort.
11 I note that in the 2008 report for the
12 Columbia Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program
13 identifies a process of mitigation, planning, being
14 undertaken retroactively.
15 A suite of different terrestrial ecosystem
16 impacts are associated with the construction of
17 BC Hydro dams on the Columbia Kootenay river
18 system, from an ecological perspective, these
19 include loss of habitat or ecosystems, loss of
20 connectivity between remaining ecosystems, loss of
21 associated wildlife populations, and loss of
22 associated productivity related to those
23 ecosystems.
24 The Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program is
25 conducting a multiphase project to evaluate the
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1 footprint impacts of BC Hydro developments within
2 the basin by determining extent of habitat, primary
3 productivity, and fish and wildlife community
4 changes that result from dam construction.
5 The footprint impacts project will provide a
6 baseline understanding for the amount, location,
7 and significance of ecosystem impacts of dam
8 footprints in the Columbia basin, as well as assist
9 the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program to
10 develop, prioritise, and monitor compensation
11 projects. This is from Oszik v. Hope (phonetic)
12 2008. I can supply that reference.
13 To hands-on biologists like myself, this
14 sounds suspiciously like a cumulative and
15 comprehensive assessment of where and possibly how
16 to design a mitigation program.
17 This 2008 project was reporting out during
18 the time that the proponent was keeping Site C
19 shelf-ready and preparing information for the EIS.
20 The EIS did not include similar studies and
21 would appear a similar project would have greatly
22 added in this assessment.
23 For some projects in the Peace-Williston
24 program have had the support at these proceedings
25 concerns have been expressed about the overall
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1 program and no measure or assessment of the
2 programs will lead to mitigate or compensate for
3 the losses has been identified.
4 The Williston program clearly does not
5 acknowledge downstream effects as it confines
6 projects to the watershed above Peace Canyon,
7 including virtually any relevance to the lower
8 Peace River communities, and even Hudson's Hope.
9 As a result of my tenure on the wildlife
10 advisory committee, I can testify that it was
11 identified that, for many species, many of the most
12 effective projects were downstream.
13 The terms I reference certainly impedes
14 wildlife and fisheries management in the lower
15 Peace River Valley, and frustrates the
16 effectiveness of trying to mitigate the impacts of
17 the existing dams.
18 Further, I'd note the proposed Peace
19 Williston Columbia fish and wildlife programs
20 started in operation, approximately, at the same.
21 1992.
22 I note that the Columbia basin and Peace
23 basin developments are somewhat similar. And what
24 is not similar is the mitigation and compensation
25 programs where the expenditure in the Columbia
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1 basin projects, I believe -- and this is very
2 difficult information to get -- are in the order of
3 55 million, a magnitude higher than what's been
4 expended in Williston.
5 However, I believe the example of the
6 Columbia Basin Trust model, which is not a BC Hydro
7 compensation program, where the objectives are
8 controlled by the effective communities has been
9 somewhat more successful.
10 You have been advised that BC Hydro programs
11 have been changed last year in the direction of the
12 Columbia Basin Trust model. This is positive,
13 however, I believe as long as the corporate
14 interests of the proponent set the parameters for
15 the program, it will continue to be unacceptable,
16 inefficient, and not mitigate effectively the
17 impacts.
18 The dark cloud or the shadow of the dam.
19 This is my last point.
20 I believe that BC Hydro does not believe the
21 dark cloud over the valley and the shadow cast by
22 the dam proposal is real. I know of no way of
23 illustrating this but through discussing personal
24 impacts. Despite my bull-of-the-north reputation
25 and somewhat fragile, as you've seen, and I ask
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1 your understanding if I have some difficulty with
2 this topic.
3 We professionals try to think in sterile
4 terms like opportunity cost or analysis of cost
5 benefit. But I'd like to think -- like you to try
6 and think of it in terms of hopes and dreams.
7 Think about the young person wanting to
8 practice horticulture as a common dream. If you
9 live in the BC Peace, that dream is squashed by the
10 potential inundation in the valley, or when the
11 proponent decimates the community of south Taylor.
12 This community was eviscerated by BC Hydro land
13 acquisition to prevent liability when the ice jams
14 formed, from their unwillingness to reduce
15 generation under ice forming conditions.
16 It is no coincidence, and not even market
17 forces that there's no horticulture in the valley.
18 [Indiscernible], a huge attraction to
19 resulting Taylor RV park or perhaps more it's a
20 lack of access to the river environment elsewhere.
21 I want to talk about -- to the panel about
22 how the dark cloud and shadow of the dam has
23 affected the mental state of many of us.
24 I believe that I represent a number of
25 people, some who are incapable of expressing their
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1 sentiments, some who are not mentally able to
2 withstand being here. I personally know of a
3 number of people who could not appear and speak to
4 you because the impact on their personal well-being
5 and the outlook of the dark cloud on this proposal
6 has had, day after day, year after year, for
7 30 years. They cannot speak to you about their --
8 as their dark places are too large. My list
9 includes residents of the valley, past and present.
10 People with personal or family trauma as a result
11 of upstream dams, people affected by the
12 acquisition programs, and First Nations people
13 whose culture is threatened.
14 I lived on the 269 Road, and was constantly
15 in contact with the valley. Our family investment
16 in the community was huge.
17 For a decade or two, we ignored the prospect
18 of Site C, but two issues drove it to the
19 forefront, and the hole in the dam was the start.
20 My wife was teaching at Taylor Elementary.
21 She was put in the position of being prepared to
22 rush her students out the door and make them climb
23 the Taylor hill on 20 minutes notice while being
24 responsible for their well-being from the crisis of
25 the hole in the dam.
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1 Then, for both of us, there was the
2 consultation, the frustration, the facilitators,
3 not even being able to locate the 269 Road on a
4 map, assuring us there would not be traffic
5 increase there, even when the written material said
6 opposite.
7 The lack of recognition in the consultation
8 that the already-limited health, culture, and
9 community services in Fort St. John.
10 Then came the secret drill rigs across the
11 street and other unexplained activities by the
12 proponent.
13 These incidents, combined with our frequent
14 recreation in the valley, in my respect for its
15 unique biological values could not be replaced,
16 worked on us day-by-day, week-by-week,
17 year-by-year. We became irritable, unsettled,
18 lacking in purpose. Instead of planning and
19 looking forward to our retirement years, we began
20 to worry that community wouldn't support us, that
21 the social network of long-term families would
22 disappear with the overwhelming influence of
23 construction camps and crime. Both of us began to
24 have physical anxiety issues.
25 I don't know who was more surprised: our
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1 friends or ourselves, when we quickly decided that
2 the shadow had threatened our health and future so
3 much, and we had to leave.
4 We moved to Creston. Ironically, there
5 appears to be more access to socio-services in
6 Creston, one of the smaller isolated communities in
7 the Kootenays, the size of Chetwynd, than in Fort
8 St. John. We will make a new life there, but, in
9 our hearts, we will grieve for our Peace River
10 home.
11 And there are some people with the fortitude
12 of Charles Steiner who can dream and overlook the
13 shadow of the dam, but they are in the minority.
14 The shadow is real, and results from the dark cloud
15 that has impacted the values in this assessment.
16 I want to tell you that I believe the Site C
17 project is not acceptable because the need for
18 Site C is both exaggerated and additional
19 generation needs can be met by more incremental
20 sustainable and cost-effective projects.
21 The agricultural valleys in the Peace River
22 Valley for future food security are a greater
23 legacy than electric generation of Site C.
24 The ecological values in the valley are
25 critical to the ecological sustainability in this
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1 region already overstressed by cumulative
2 industrial development.
3 I would submit that you might consider the
4 following issues in your consideration of this EIS.
5 The done-deal perception has acted against
6 the public interest. And this is in light of a
7 conflict between testimony of severity of potential
8 impacts and the proponent studies.
9 The cumulative effects analysis failed to
10 consider sufficient residual effects of the
11 opportunity cost in maintaining shelf-ready Site C,
12 and is faulty.
13 The Proponent's estimate of compensation and
14 mitigation programs do not meet the terms of
15 reference. They lack adequate specifics to
16 identify the funding required or the effect --
17 efficacy of the proposed and potential measures.
18 The compensation proposals lack the
19 information and technical details at this point.
20 Lacking the information and technical details at
21 this point likely do not allow the panel to have
22 the assurance that the required standards of
23 mitigating or compensating the impacts will meet
24 the public interest mandate.
25 Compensation and mitigation programs need to
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1 be at arm's-length with the Proponent's role being
2 advisory. While it is responsible for the
3 proponent to identify and fund mitigation programs,
4 once the fund amounts for these projects are
5 established, the proponent has, I believe the term
6 is, "dirty hands" in the administration of these
7 funds. The transparency, the information, the
8 programs they provide, and their efficacy cannot be
9 trusted.
10 Your panel has identified the shortcomings of
11 the Environment Impact Assessment. It has failed
12 to have identified or assessed the number of
13 significant issues in scope or, in fact, at all.
14 However, the proponent has stated its budget,
15 established more than two years ago, is adequate to
16 cover all these contingencies. Either budget was
17 grossly inflated or the budget, like others
18 worldwide, will be significantly exceeded, as you
19 had earlier heard from Dr. Sandra Hoffman.
20 The dark cloud over the valley or the shadow
21 of the dam deemed insignificant by BC Hydro has
22 hugely impacted the agricultural community and
23 social fabric of the north Peace.
24 The cumulative effects of other regional
25 development on ecological, social, and community
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1 values are so great that the combined additional
2 effect of Site C project on a combination of
3 ecological, social, and community values will be
4 the straw that breaks the environmental back. This
5 project has a combined impact greater than the sum
6 of a number of impacts by working in combination.
7 This combination includes an overall impact
8 that is significant, but has been deemed
9 insignificant by the proponent. The level of
10 cumulative impact is unacceptable and contrary to
11 the public interest, and I believe the intent of
12 the environmental assessment.
13 I thank you. And I apologize.
14 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Churchill.
15 Do my colleagues have any questions? Or are
16 there questions from the floor?
17 I see one.
18 MR. KEN FOREST: Ken Forest, landowner.
19 A question for BC Hydro. Has BC Hydro
20 undertaken a review and an in-depth look at the
21 community structures and the social structures that
22 have been around here, and what to expect from
23 those structures once the dam is in place?
24 I'm not sure if you understand the question.
25 THE CHAIRMAN: I'm not sure it's closely
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1 related to what Mr. Churchill said.
2 MR. KEN FOREST: So that it was a social
3 structure and a community set of dynamics in Fort
4 St. John over the last number of decades and years
5 and even up until now, and I would expect that a
6 magnitude dam this size and the camps and
7 everything else that are going to come here, the
8 impact on the area will change some of that.
9 Has Hydro looked at the potential changes for
10 those, and described what there can be expected
11 from those?
12 THE CHAIRMAN: Hydro?
13 MS. SIOBHAN JACKSON: I hope this answers your
14 question.
15 In the EIS, we have provided detailed
16 estimates of the expected size of the workforce and
17 where they might reasonably be living, either in a
18 camp as mobile workers, or as new residents in the
19 community. We've looked -- the assessment looks at
20 the recent -- I say "recent," sort of ten years
21 historical trends, for example, on the existing
22 mobility of the region with respect to the
23 population. The in-migration and out-migration.
24 And we've looked at the project numbers in those
25 contexts.
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1 So across all of the assessment areas on the
2 socio-economic, there are historic trends that are
3 able to provide some context. And that context has
4 been considered in the assessment, if that answers
5 your question.
6 MR. KEN FOREST: So within that context -- one
7 of my concerns, for instance, would be during the
8 EIS, when I was here, I was looking around the room
9 at a large number of people that I knew that had
10 been here for many decades, like myself. And
11 there's a huge chunk of the community structure
12 here. They are in leadership positions, they take
13 on community organizations, they belong to so many
14 of the infrastructure of the community, and they
15 really do help to run this place. And most of
16 those people would leave.
17 I'm wondering if you've taken a look at how
18 that structure would change if Hydro came in, and
19 we had people parachuting in and parachuting out
20 and not a really long stable kind of social
21 dynamic, the way we've had it in the last number
22 of years. That's the kind of question --
23 THE CHAIRMAN: Sir, I would take that as a
24 representation, as an argument.
25 MR. KEN FOREST: Right.
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you.
2 MR. KEN FOREST: Thank you. That ends my
3 comment.
4 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.
5 Ms. Culling.
6 MS. DIANE CULLING: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
7 I know you'll be delighted to know that I
8 have two clear concise questions. I certainly am
9 delighted.
10 So for Mr. Churchill, this morning there was
11 a conversation about the tourism potential of the
12 -- and the effects from the project. So -- and I
13 believe one of the panel members asked about parks,
14 which were brought up.
15 And so drawing on your experience as in the
16 decades of working with the Ministry of Environment
17 here, could you identify some of the tourism
18 opportunities within the project area that are not
19 currently realized due to the flood reserve
20 superseding existing reserves like (indiscernible)
21 reserves that would -- could contribute to the
22 growth of the tourism resource in the region if
23 Site C doesn't go ahead?
24 MR. BRIAN CHURCHILL: Yeah, there's actually quite
25 a list of facilities because there is only one.
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1 There's only the lookout at Attachie. There's no
2 boat launches. There are no trails. There are no
3 pull-outs. There are no places where people can
4 park their cars and go enjoy it. There's no -- all
5 those opportunities are not developed. And they
6 are not developed as was my personal experience in
7 trying to develop wildlife viewing areas in the
8 valley because, well, there's this dam proposal
9 here, and we won't spend any money there.
10 As a provincial government employee, every
11 project they brought up to enhance access to
12 wildlife and access to wildlife viewing, in
13 particular, and a major project going on time.
14 Said, no, you can't go there.
15 THE CHAIRMAN: Follow-up question?
16 MS. DIANE CULLING: Thank you.
17 And so my second question -- and you gave me
18 a segway here -- was drawing on your career as a
19 Ministry wildlife biologist, can you comment on the
20 importance of that drive on Highway 29 for
21 wildlife-viewing opportunities with specific
22 reference to moose and the importance of seeing
23 moose to both international and national visitors?
24 MR. BRIAN CHURCHILL: Well, as a wildlife person --
25 and this is not the wildlife session, but it is
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1 really interesting.
2 If you talk to any of the multitude of
3 tourists -- and I think it's about 300,000 that go
4 up the Alaska Highway every year -- their trip is
5 enhanced by the sighting of a single moose in the
6 entire trip going up and down.
7 To give the significance of the valley, I had
8 the opportunity to host the Habitat Conservation
9 Trust Fund board at a meeting here in Fort
10 St. John. And I arranged a trip up to Hudson's
11 Hope, and actually up to Dunlevy on the other side
12 of -- in the WAC Bennet dam, for these members of
13 the board.
14 Now, this is the Habitat Conservation Trust
15 Fund, the one that administers several million of
16 dollars of primarily hunter and fishermen's money
17 to do enhancement projects and manage wildlife in
18 the Province. That board in that trip in that
19 little bus saw moose, saw mule deer, saw stone
20 sheep at Williston Reservoir, and the comment to me
21 and feedback to me from the executive director of
22 the board was in all the tours in all of British
23 Columbia, the board had never seen half that much
24 wildlife.
25 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much,
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1 Mr. Churchill.
2 MS. DIANE CULLING: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
3 THE CHAIRMAN: Our next presentation is, I
4 gather, by telephone due to fog in Lower Mainland.
5 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Good afternoon, Mr. Chair,
6 panel members.
7 Again, my name is Ben Naylor. I'm legal
8 counsel for the Province of British Columbia.
9 Yes, as you have stated, the next
10 presentation is going to be given by one Kristy
11 Ciruna. Unfortunately, the weather has conspired
12 to keep her from us in person; however, I believe
13 she is on the line, or shortly will be.
14 Kristy, are you there?
15 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: I am, Ben.
16 MR. BEN NAYLOR: So Kristy is here to
17 speak today about cumulative effects assessment and
18 management in Dawson Creek operational;
19 specifically, the Dawson Creek operational trial.
20 Kristy is the director of strategic projects in
21 northeast region for the Ministry Of Forests, Lands
22 and Natural Resource Operations.
23 Unfortunately, Ms. Ciruna does not have
24 specific knowledge as to Site C project itself;
25 however, at the request of the panel, she is here
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1 today to present the information that the Province
2 does have on cumulative effects in the region.
3 And so, Kristy, I'll just mention that Mark
4 is here to operate the PowerPoint presentation for
5 you, so if you'd like us to move to the next slide,
6 just please indicate that.
7 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Great. Thank you, Ben.
8 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Without further adieu,
9 I'll leave it in your hands.
10
11 Presentation by Dr. Kristy Ciruna, Ministry of Forests,
12 Lands and Natural Resource Operations:
13 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Thank you, Ben.
14 So, Mark, yes, if you could please advance to
15 slide 2.
16 So I'm here to talk about -- thanks, Mark.
17 And thanks for the introduction, Ben.
18 So I'm here to present a cumulative effects
19 assessment management approach, an operational
20 trial that we're undertaking in the Dawson Creek
21 area. And slide 2 portrays the boundary of our
22 study area, so it generally corresponds to the
23 Dawson Creek LRMP area.
24 However, there are cases where this boundary
25 can extend beyond the LRMP due to logical
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1 assessment units associated with some of the values
2 that we're assessing. So, for example, some
3 watershed units that might go slightly outside this
4 boundary, or, for example, northern caribou
5 herds that might extend beyond these boundaries --
6 THE CHAIRMAN: Dr. Ciruna, can I slow you
7 down, please, you are being transcribed.
8 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Yes. Thank you.
9 So for caribou herd units that might extend
10 beyond this boundary, but we want to contain the
11 full extent of that assessment unit.
12 And I also want to note that the assessment
13 units were truncated when it extended -- when it
14 extended past and into the Alberta border. We're
15 hoping that, you know, over time we'll be able to
16 better match information with Alberta to have a
17 seamless transition across the border.
18 This operational trial, this cumulative
19 effects assessment and management operational trial
20 is one of three demonstration projects under way
21 across the Province. The other two are in the
22 northwest and in the Thompson Okanagan region.
23 The focus of this demonstration project is on
24 cumulative effects assessment and incorporating
25 that assessment into decision-making to mitigate
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1 risks through management responses.
2 Next slide, please.
3 This slide provides an overview of the
4 project's approach. Thousands of decisions are
5 made across a natural resource sector every year.
6 Considering only project or sector-specific effects
7 can allow unintended impacts to accumulate over
8 time.
9 This project is taking a values-based
10 approach to cumulative effects assessment and
11 management where we focus on a manageable set of
12 values that are impacted positively or negatively
13 by the decisions.
14 A manageable set of broad values are
15 selected. And cumulative effects assessment
16 considers the impacts of past, present, and
17 reasonably foreseeable future development on each
18 of these values.
19 The information is used to compare the
20 current and near-term condition of each value to
21 its legal or government policy objective as seen as
22 the dashed line in the graph. So we're trying to
23 focus on one -- establishing one common objective
24 to be applied across all natural resource sectors.
25 And then managing cumulative effects involves
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1 designing and implementing strategies to mitigate
2 risk to values applied in a consistent and
3 coordinated way across natural resource sectors.
4 So to meet this challenge this operational
5 trial is exploring ways to look at changing
6 internal government decision-making processes, as
7 required.
8 I would like to take this time to talk about
9 some of the differences between this approach to
10 cumulative effects assessment versus cumulative
11 effects assessment conducted at the project or site
12 level for major projects without undergoing an
13 Environmental Impact Assessment.
14 For our approach, it's the responsibility of
15 government to be undertaking the assessment,
16 whereas, at the project level, Environmental Impact
17 Assessments are the responsibility of the
18 proponent. From our approach, we're using a broad
19 scale sort of area-based multi-sector approach to
20 assessing and management of cumulative effects. So
21 looking at all decisions on the land base and the
22 effect that they have on values, and we're applying
23 strategies to mitigate risk across all the natural
24 resource sectors versus more the classic
25 project-level Environmental Impact Assessment looks
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1 at more site-specific or single-development
2 orientation approach to assessment and management
3 of cumulative effects.
4 So the two complement each other very well
5 and both are needed.
6 Mark, slide 4, please.
7 So this approach provides, what I'd say, a
8 major advance for integrated resource management in
9 British Columbia, including three shifts in
10 decision-making across a natural resource sector.
11 So the shift from a single-sector approach to
12 decision-making to a multi-sector
13 coordinated-area-based approach to decision-making
14 moving from a project focused decision-making to a
15 values-focused approach to decision-making. And
16 moving from reactive to more of a proactive
17 decision-making focus on desired outcomes.
18 It's also intended to support governments --
19 a shift to open government as cumulative effects
20 assessment information is intended to be publically
21 available. So industry will have access to the
22 same information that statutory decision-makers
23 will use in decision-making processes.
24 Proponents will have improved information
25 upfront so they can be proactive in identifying and
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1 addressing cumulative effects, which will help to
2 streamline the authorization and referrals process.
3 And proponents of major projects requiring an
4 environmental assessment certificate will be
5 provided consistent, accessible information for
6 selected values. So information on current
7 condition, near-term trend, risk level, which will
8 increase the effectiveness of current proponent
9 assessments and help to reduce costs.
10 We also hope the intended outcome will be to
11 substantially address First Nations and communities
12 cumulative effects concerns.
13 Slide 5.
14 This schematic gives you a quick sort of
15 schematic illustration of our cumulative effects
16 assessment approach taken in this operational
17 trial.
18 At the top, we have -- it's key to define
19 what values we're using in the assessment, and for
20 each of those values, we conduct an assessment
21 where we assemble information, identify trends, and
22 basically conduct a risk assessment, that we would
23 come up with a cumulative effects assessment and
24 report on that.
25 And then we would take that information and
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1 develop management recommendations as guidance to
2 our statutory decision-makers for, you know,
3 consistent and coordinated management approaches
4 across the natural resource sector.
5 At an operational level, this may be seen as
6 guidance for permit conditions. Or at a more
7 strategic level, we might look at an area where we
8 need to be working with industries, First Nations
9 communities on a management plan for a given
10 watershed where there's high risk. Or looking at
11 access management problems. Or potentially be
12 looking at the level of where a current objective
13 is set for that value, and, you know, where it
14 needs possibly to change based on existing
15 conditions if it's not set in an appropriate place.
16 These are just examples.
17 I want to preface in this operational trial,
18 you know, in the approach that we perceive taking
19 is that, you know, government is leading this work.
20 But we are also working closely with First Nations
21 communities and industry throughout the process.
22 So making the connections to help us define what
23 those values are, what's important, what
24 information we collectively have to support the
25 assessment of those values, working together to
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1 look at a review of those assessments, and to
2 discuss what those management options might be, and
3 where our collective strengths might be in helping
4 to implement those management options.
5 Next slide.
6 So what I'd like to do is in the last few
7 minutes run everyone through just a little bit more
8 detail around the assessment that was done. And
9 starting with the values.
10 So we assessed five values for this
11 operational trial based on the following criteria.
12 Because it's an operational trial, we wanted to
13 make sure that we had -- we could use existing
14 values that were associated, that had existing
15 legal or policy objectives. We wanted to make sure
16 we had values where data was available to be able
17 to measure current condition, that the data was
18 spatially explicit so it could be mapped. We also
19 wanted to look at the values where, you know, they
20 are mutually exclusive of each other.
21 We were interested -- you know, I've
22 highlighted in red, the two values: water quality
23 and air quality. We say that, you know, those two
24 values are really important to assess in terms of
25 cumulative effects assessment. We did not include
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1 them at this time because we currently didn't have
2 the data available in this area to do a proper
3 assessment, but we would like to include it in
4 future assessments.
5 One additional point that I wanted to include
6 around the selection of values is that these are
7 broad values. And we've taken, as well, more of an
8 ecosystem based approach, we'd say, for managing
9 for these values. We understand that there'd be
10 other values that are nested within them, so it's a
11 bit of a coarse-filter/fine-filter approach.
12 So assuming that these nested values, like,
13 where they co-occur within these broader values,
14 they would share common ecological processes and/or
15 threats and we would assume that they would be
16 expected to respond similarly to development
17 pressures, as well as corresponding management
18 actions.
19 And this approach right now is -- which is --
20 you know, it's clearly defined in the literature,
21 coarse-filter/fine-filter. This
22 coarse-filter/fine-filter approach, this helps to
23 maintain a management set of values for assessment.
24 So the next slide just provides everyone with
25 an example of what we mean by, you know, the
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1 concept of nesting of values within these broad
2 values, and this is an example of some of the
3 values that we would say would be nested under the
4 riparian value.
5 So if we're maintaining riparian, if we have
6 these values that are co-occurring, then the fact
7 that we can say we're helping to maintain the
8 condition of these associated values. So things
9 like moose, black-footed green warbler, western
10 toad, bay-breasted warbler, you know, native fish
11 populations, et cetera.
12 The next slide, I just wanted to give
13 everybody a quick overview of the assessment and an
14 example of some of the assessment results. And
15 I've identified -- I wanted to walk people through
16 two values: one is an aquatic and one is a
17 terrestrial example.
18 So the first one on the left is water
19 quantity. So for the value water quantity, we had
20 the objective of limiting water withdrawals to
21 15 percent of monthly average flow. The converse
22 meaning that we want to maintain 85 percent
23 in-stream flow to maintain ecological processes and
24 maintain the environment.
25 So for this objective, our assessment unit
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1 was major watersheds, and we had 15 watersheds
2 identified in the study area as seen on the map.
3 When we assessed current condition of each of
4 these watershed units relative to the objective;
5 overall, the allocation of water was low relative
6 to the objective by a major watershed, but we did
7 note that there was some, you know, localized or
8 temporal over allocations.
9 For near-term trends. We are approaching
10 assessment of near-term trends not from a
11 quantitative approach, by trying to use
12 back-casting or forecasting to identify trends,
13 but, rather, take a more pragmatic approach,
14 looking at a qualitative assessment of the types of
15 industry development in an area, and what are the
16 major development drivers or leading indicators?
17 So for near-term trends around water
18 allocation, we think that the primary water
19 allocation pressure in the near term will be from
20 unconventional, natural gas development.
21 We know right now that market conditions are
22 a suppressing investment, but demand will increase,
23 you know, if pipeline infrastructure is approved.
24 We'd say, based on this information, overall,
25 the assessment of risk to each of those watersheds,
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1 in terms of hitting that objective, is low, a
2 low-risk. And that the anticipated bottoms
3 of withdrawal are very small compared to the amount
4 available in those systems.
5 And also to help to understand the risk, we
6 acknowledge that decisions are currently being made
7 on individual-stream courses, not at this watershed
8 level. So decision-makers are looking at the
9 seasonality of flows, which helps to further
10 minimize risk to over allocation.
11 So our management recommendations would be
12 that, you know, we need to improve the collection
13 of water use data, in addition to water allocation.
14 How much data water is actually being used
15 versus how much is being licensed, to give us a
16 better estimate of what's available, and that we
17 want to continue to support improvement of our
18 water quantity monitoring, as well as flow
19 modelling.
20 So the next example, just to give you a
21 terrestrial example, would be our valued old-growth
22 forest. And we used the objective to retain timber
23 in old-growth management areas except for minor
24 incursions, and it's, like, (indiscernible) percent
25 old-growth management area, less than 50 hectares
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1 or 5 percent. Or 40 hectares for large old-growth
2 management areas, whichever is less. That's a
3 total mouthful, but it's based on the land use
4 order for the Dawson Creek Timber Supply Area.
5 I want to note that there are no old-growth
6 management areas designated in the tree farm
7 licence 48, which is also part of this assessment
8 area.
9 So for current condition, you'll see from the
10 graph that most old-growth management areas have
11 had few incursions since being established in 2009,
12 so the bar on the -- the first bar on the left
13 shows the amount in old-growth management areas
14 that have had no incursion whatsoever.
15 The next bar shows where you've had
16 incursions, but it's still within the acceptable
17 level under the objective, and then there's no
18 incursions that have exceeded the objective.
19 In terms of near-term trends, we know forest
20 activity is stable or even a little bit down. Oil
21 and gas developments declined recently, but it's
22 going to increase if pipeline infrastructure has
23 improved the risk to this valley, we would
24 indicate, overall, across the old-growth management
25 areas as being low to moderate because even minor
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1 development can exceed the allowable incursions.
2 And the legal objectives apply, primarily
3 only to forestry activity, but old-growth
4 management areas are not designated under the Oil
5 and Gas Activities Act, but a process is under way
6 right now to develop operating procedures for oil
7 and gas activities.
8 The other risk is that, you know, for mining
9 exploration and development, it's a potential in
10 old-growth management areas, but we currently do
11 not have a regulatory requirement to meet this
12 objective.
13 So management objectives would be to conclude
14 a process for developing operating practices for
15 oil and gas activities in old-growth management
16 areas, and investigating application of old-growth
17 retention requirements in other sectors.
18 And just to conclude, after that detailed
19 example, I wanted to conclude on next steps for
20 this operational trial. So we're currently closing
21 up the trial for end of this fiscal. And we will
22 be completing a valuation of the trial: lessons
23 learned, what worked? What didn't?
24 We're going to continue to engage, to build a
25 shared understanding and to improve the cumulative
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1 effects assessment and management approach by
2 working with First Nations communities and
3 industry, and, you know, hope to be applying these
4 learnings to cumulative effects assessment and
5 management, you know, as we move forward.
6 Thank you.
7 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Dr. Ciruna.
8 Questions?
9 Madam Beaudet.
10 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
11 Good day. It's a pity that you're not here
12 with us, but we understand why.
13 I have a few questions.
14 First, I'm not sure I understand how you
15 determined the map according to management unit
16 or -- because when we look at it, there's only part
17 of the Dinosaur Lake that is there.
18 So I'd like you to elaborate a bit more on
19 that.
20 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Madam Beaudet, are you
21 referring to slide 2 of the study area?
22 MS. BEAUDET: Yes, please.
23 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Yes, so that's a
24 terrestrial -- that's the boundary of the land and
25 resource management planning boundary for Dawson
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1 Creek. So that is the standard study area.
2 And for the values that we assessed, we know
3 that our assessment units for those values may not
4 follow neatly within the lines of that study area,
5 so they would be -- if they needed to extend
6 outside, they would -- except for when it hits the
7 Alberta border where we didn't carry over into
8 Alberta.
9 MS. BEAUDET: My next question: is the
10 source of information -- I think you mentioned
11 literature -- do you also consult with federal
12 Ministries that would have data on wildlife;
13 provincial Ministries on riparian habitats? How is
14 the information gathered? And how far does it go
15 back? What date do you have with the oldest source
16 of data?
17 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: The oldest sources of data, I
18 would have to go back through our metadata because
19 it would be -- like, I can get back to you with
20 that information because it depends on the data we
21 have for each of the values.
22 MS. BEAUDET: Yes, please.
23 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Okay.
24 MS. BEAUDET: So what are the source of the
25 information? How did you build your bank? And how
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1 do you continue to build a bank, the bank data?
2 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Right. So a lot -- the
3 information that we're using is actually all
4 existing government data. And it's all data that's
5 currently available on -- through our -- our
6 government storing house.
7 And to get specificity, we are working with,
8 through this demonstration project, I'd be working,
9 you know, reaching out to First Nations,
10 communities, and industry, operating in the area to
11 say, you know, if they have some -- where they
12 might have existing information that could bolster
13 our existing datasets. But, right now, it would be
14 on provincially-collected data.
15 And then over time, we would have that
16 information, the vision, is available, open to
17 public so that anybody can look at that data and
18 analyze it the same way that we did, proponents,
19 anybody, public, would have it available to look at
20 how we did the condition, the near term, and the
21 risk assessment. All that information would be
22 publicly available.
23 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
24 My next area of questioning is the two types
25 of cumulative effects assessment, you did mention
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1 that what you're doing is government
2 responsibility, and I agree. And for proponent, it
3 would be more specific type of cumulative effects
4 assessment not for a region.
5 When we look -- when you mentioned that you
6 would be advising proponents, who can either use
7 the bank to, I suppose, to prepare EIS or any
8 direction that you would feel is important to --
9 for them to notice. It would be more -- what you
10 have after the fact, when you do -- when the
11 proponent does an Environmental Impact Assessment,
12 it's a planning tool. And if he finds, through his
13 studies or through advice that you give him, that
14 certain things should be looked at more closely, or
15 that he should modify his project because there
16 would be some major impacts.
17 And I'm trying to understand if your role is
18 proactive, or if you just give the information. I
19 know it's a pilot study, but I would like to have
20 some indication in the direction that you will be
21 taking with proponents that have to prepare the
22 Environmental Impact Assessment.
23 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Great question. And I would
24 like to just sort of say that, although, the
25 Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource
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1 Operations is leading this work, we're working at
2 part of an inner-agency team.
3 So we are working closely with the Ministry
4 of Environment, Oil and Gas Commission, Natural
5 Gas, Development, Energy, Mines, Aboriginal
6 Relations and Reconciliation, and Environmental
7 Assessment Office.
8 So we've had many discussions with staff at
9 the EAO on how we can sort of fit these two
10 elements together. And where we see the most
11 interest -- and I think it's quite exciting -- is
12 that what we envision is that this assessment work
13 that's being done for these values, in essence,
14 could be defining what the regional assessment --
15 regional -- what is it called? The regional
16 assessment --
17 MS BEAUDET: (Indiscernible).
18 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: -- area. Correct, for a
19 classic Environmental Impact Assessment so that
20 proponents would have that information to know the
21 regional context, and that they'd have to provide
22 the site specificity.
23 The other area where we think that there's a
24 direct link is that the environmental assessment
25 office is a policy-taker, not a policy-maker. So
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1 they would be looking for direction from government
2 about how -- the vision for this to be successful.
3 And it's rampant in the literature, is that in
4 order to truly address cumulative effects, you need
5 to be managing in a consistent way across the
6 natural resource sector.
7 So we are setting up a process right now
8 where we're looking at establishing, you know,
9 heading towards the establishment of these common
10 objectives for a given suite of values.
11 These values -- or these objectives would
12 then be objectives that we would foresee the EAO
13 adopting to help with their assessment of
14 cumulative effects and guidance to proponents.
15 So those are the two pieces where I see the
16 direct link.
17 MS. BEAUDET: When we look at the region
18 here -- and we received a lot of information from
19 briefs and witnesses that have come to us -- you
20 look at the region, and you feel that they -- in
21 order to go ahead with any more projects, there
22 should first be a strategic environmental
23 assessment done.
24 And I was wondering if -- with all the
25 information that you are gathering, and the
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1 interactions you have with the different proponents
2 and agencies that you consult, if that would be
3 eventually a role that you would take on.
4 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: I think the two -- from my
5 understanding in the literature of reading of a
6 strategic environmental assessment or a strategic
7 regional environmental assessment, this process
8 that we're testing right now and trialing in the
9 Dawson Creek study area is very close to that.
10 And then I would see over time -- I think we
11 can all acknowledge that it being an operational
12 trial, we had to pick, you know, the low-hanging
13 fruit of a set of values where you've got some
14 clear objectives and data to test, but over time,
15 we would be envisioning to expand that list and
16 create more policy objectives to address more
17 values.
18 So I definitely think that that's where
19 you're going with the relationship of this project
20 to that type of work.
21 I think it's hand-in-glove.
22 MS. BEAUDET: My last point would be -- I
23 find it interesting that you are doing input from
24 15 different watersheds. We did have some
25 presentation, trying to indicate to us that there
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1 are lots of land-use planning and all kinds of
2 plans and committees, and the underlying direction
3 should be watershed protection.
4 You have indicated here -- like, for
5 instance, there's a low-risk with water allocation
6 -- sorry, there's a low-risk with the values of
7 location of water and -- in each different
8 watershed. Or forest is low to moderate with what
9 you have at the -- at present.
10 Two questions here: what would be -- what is
11 your role in watershed protection? Do you have --
12 on top of the data, you collect an active role on
13 different committees, or do you plan to have?
14 And, also, I would like to know, you've been
15 talking about water and forests, but you didn't
16 mention anything about priority wildlife.
17 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Correct on that question, I
18 think just for the sake of time. I just gave
19 snapshots of these two values. I can go into more
20 detail on the priority wildlife, if you would like.
21 Coming back to your question around the role,
22 and what we've done currently in watershed plans.
23 The Province of BC does have a very robust
24 land-use planning program where we have established
25 objectives on the land base that, I think, for the
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1 most part define watershed units, and we've set
2 objectives within that, which would be incorporated
3 into this type of project. So we do have a role to
4 play right now, currently, in how we're maintaining
5 values from a watershed perspective.
6 We also have, and will be furthering with,
7 with implementation of the Water Sustainability
8 Act, an interest in water sustainability plans.
9 So those are -- I think those are the two big
10 pieces to best address your question there.
11 I believe that you had a third part that was
12 the second question, and I have already forgotten
13 it. So if you could please repeat, that would be
14 appreciated.
15 MS. BEAUDET: My second question was with
16 respect to priority wildlife.
17 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Priority wildlife, yes.
18 So we assessed a suite of priority wildlife.
19 They were determined where we have objectives right
20 now for wildlife, that has existing wildlife
21 habitat areas, and objectives for wildlife habitat
22 areas, as well as ungulate winter ranges.
23 And, specifically, looking at northern
24 caribou, with the objectives coming out of the
25 northern caribou management plan.
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1 MS. BEAUDET: So only caribou so far was
2 looked at?
3 MS. RENATA KURSCHNER: Caribou and a suite of
4 wildlife species, for right now, where we have
5 objectives related to their core habitat, which
6 would be their ungulate winter ranges, or wildlife
7 habitat areas.
8 So we assessed the percent incursions, the
9 objective was 100 percent intactness of wildlife
10 habitat areas in ungulate winter ranges against
11 those suite of species.
12 Sorry, unfortunately, I do not have that
13 suite of species in front of me, but if you would
14 like more information about the results and what
15 those species were, I could easily provide that to
16 you.
17 MS. BEAUDET: Yes, please.
18
19 UNDERTAKING 91: Provide the suite of species and more
20 information about the results and what the species
21 were in the study
22
23 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Okay. Thank you.
24 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
25 MR. MATTISON: Hi Kristy, it's Jim Mattison.
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1 A couple of questions. I'm looking at your
2 map of the study area, the Site C proposals on the
3 Peace River, which is the northern boundary,
4 really, upstream of Taylor there to Hudson's Hope.
5 So we've been looking at that area east of Hudson's
6 Hope and south of the northern boundary of this
7 study area.
8 And one of the -- a couple of issues -- and
9 you just had a request for some of the wildlife --
10 certainly moose has been a big issue for us. And
11 the First Nation use of the land. And one of
12 things you talked about: incursions into wildlife
13 winter range.
14 Disturbances on the land, generally, has that
15 been looked at in any detail? We've seen some
16 alarming maps of -- at a different scale, with
17 different assumptions of the area -- much larger
18 area. But I wondered if you've looked at
19 disturbances to the land? And I'm thinking of
20 roads and seismic cuts and that kind of, you
21 know -- well sites and things that start to cut
22 into the land and provide access for hunters and
23 other vehicles and disturbed wildlife, generally.
24 And I wondered what work might have been done in
25 that area.
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1 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Right. No, a good question, Jim.
2 So what we have done, we have done an
3 assessment of a -- you know, for the incursions
4 layer to look at the development footprint.
5 So, yeah, roads, pipelines whether it's been
6 cutblocks, et cetera. But I think the key thing --
7 and it's interesting when I started the project and
8 I started to grapple with this, the impact is going
9 to -- of those changes to the land base will be
10 different depending on your reference point. So
11 which value?
12 It may not have any effect on water quality,
13 but it might have a huge effect potentially for a
14 priority wildlife species.
15 So that's why, when we're looking at this
16 approach, we've taken a values-based approach in
17 saying, you know, what is the objective -- what is
18 the management objective for that value? And then
19 assessing impact past, present, reasonably
20 foreseeable to be able to get an understanding of
21 current condition, and then do that assessment of
22 near-term trend because it's unique to each value.
23 So we have done the underlying work of what
24 you would, you know, you would generically call
25 those different impact layers, but you've applied
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1 it differently to where it relates to each of the
2 values.
3 And for wildlife, right now, for this
4 demonstration project, we were just looking at the
5 objectives related to wildlife habitat areas and
6 ungulate winter ranges in terms of priority
7 wildlife.
8 MR. MATTISON: Okay, thank you. I
9 understand the approach, and I understand looking
10 at impacts on values.
11 It was our interest in First Nation use of
12 the land; particularly, with respect to wildlife
13 with respect to hunting and areas of importance to
14 First Nations that probably aren't mapped, and
15 don't appear to show up yet as a value.
16 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Right.
17 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes. Thank you. Just to
18 quickly -- are you done now with this first shot?
19 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Yes.
20 THE CHAIRMAN: When will it be published?
21 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: So we hope to complete the
22 evaluation, as well as a final, what I would say,
23 draft assessment report by the end of this fiscal,
24 which would be fiscal year, for folks that might
25 not be aware, it's end of March.
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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. And I'm correct in
2 saying that for this first, as it were draft,
3 you've relied entirely on data that other people
4 have collected, and you've done no independent
5 fieldwork; is that correct?
6 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: That's correct. It's
7 existing information, so it's not a -- we have not
8 incorporated information at this time that's down
9 -- at the boots on the ground.
10 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Fair enough.
11 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: However -- okay.
12 THE CHAIRMAN: Well, I understand that for
13 an initial study.
14 On the priority or values, I guess, I don't
15 see anything that would indicate that legal
16 limitations to the use of land, in particular,
17 Treaty Rights was a valued component. Am I
18 understanding Jim's question right?
19 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Okay, I will -- can I reframe
20 what I'm hearing you say is the question?
21 THE CHAIRMAN: Sure.
22 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Are you -- how are Treaty
23 Right -- are Treaty Rights looked at as an explicit
24 value?
25 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, that would be a good way
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1 of putting it.
2 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Okay. So Treaty Rights are
3 something that's negotiated between -- with
4 government-to-government negotiations where, you
5 know, in our work with First Nations on the
6 project, it's acknowledgment that these values,
7 from the values and the condition of these values,
8 you can infer the condition of Treaty Rights but
9 establishing further on the negotiation of those
10 Treaty Rights because a Treaty Right could be --
11 it's not just moose, which might be a priority
12 wildlife value that we can assess current
13 condition, and trend, but it's more, you know, it
14 could be having other factors about, you know, what
15 is the experience of getting to area where moose
16 are, and the experience of the hunting plus the
17 value of the species. So that's a much more
18 in-depth process and conversation that comes out
19 through our specific negotiations and work with
20 First Nations.
21 But where we see the importance is that on
22 the values themselves, like, what's important in
23 terms of the environmental values, we can
24 understand specifically, you know, for priority
25 wildlife, how are they doing? What's the condition
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1 of their habitat. But it's just -- it's part of
2 that question because a Treaty Right is much more
3 than that, and it's hard for us to be able --
4 that's not for us to express, that's for First
5 Nations to express.
6 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you very much.
7 I hesitate to ask if there are any further
8 questions.
9 Tribal Chief Liz Logan from the Treaty 8
10 First Nations.
11 TRIBAL CHIEF LIZ LOGAN: All right. Thanks. You did
12 ask part of my question about how they gathered
13 information. So, Kristy, this was basically a
14 desktop process?
15 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: That's correct. And we've
16 been working with the communities -- we've been
17 working, I say, even more intensely with the
18 communities, with traditional territories within
19 this study area, and I've been working on, and it's
20 going to take a little bit longer a time, but
21 saying how does the information that the
22 communities have currently collected? So they're
23 very -- you know, approaches and their data
24 management and GIS, how can we help to incorporate
25 into this assessment?
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1 So those are relationships right now that
2 we're forming. And, you know, as we move forward,
3 continue to evolve, but that's very much three of
4 our approaches, is working together.
5 TRIBAL CHIEF LIZ LOGAN: Okay. So you're in the
6 process of informing and reaching out, but you
7 haven't got there yet; right?
8 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: I think that we have. I
9 think that this year we've had -- we've been able
10 to engage with -- engage at a high level with all
11 of the 11 Nations in the northeast, and I would say
12 intensively with -- or maybe I shouldn't say
13 "intensively," but working on a regular basis with
14 several meetings that we've had to discuss the
15 process and talk about values and information and
16 get those relationships going with many of those
17 First Nations.
18 An example might be, like, with our work
19 right now closely with Saulteau, West Mo, and
20 McLeod Lake.
21 TRIBAL CHIEF LIZ LOGAN: Next: are you personally
22 aware that this was a discussion at the Chief to
23 Minister's meeting in November where we had
24 requested, again, a regional strategic
25 environmental assessment --
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1 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: M'mm-hmm.
2 TRIBAL CHIEF LIZ LOGAN: -- and we wanted to be
3 included in that process and to work jointly with
4 BC, and I know that West Moberly has been
5 requesting this for years. And so when is that
6 going to happen? When are we going to work with
7 you on this process?
8 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Right. Well, with West
9 Moberly, we're already working -- we've had
10 numerous meetings even this year, sitting down,
11 face-to-face, and talking about this project. So I
12 think that the linkages are there, and now it's
13 continuing to build those relationships as we move
14 forward.
15 TRIBAL CHIEF LIZ LOGAN: I'm not talking about
16 building relations, I'm not talking about talking,
17 I'm talking about when are we going to do this
18 because this -- I just got a text because they are
19 listening, and they want answers. When are we
20 going to be working together with BC on this
21 regional strategic environmental assessment,
22 especially in this zone, this area?
23 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: I -- we would need to have a
24 better understanding. As the question was just
25 discussed by Madam Beaudet, she can see the
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1 linkages between the approach that we're developing
2 provincially, and how it becomes, first and
3 foremost, a strategic regional environmental
4 assessment.
5 So we think that we are building those
6 methods right now to implement in the Province, and
7 we've been working with First Nations and reaching
8 out to build this --
9 THE CHAIRMAN: Dr. Ciruna, if I may, it's
10 Harry Swain -- and I don't want to prolong this --
11 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Right.
12 THE CHAIRMAN: But I do think it's time you
13 came up and sat down and had a talk with Treaty 8.
14 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: I -- I have been --
15 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay? Thank you.
16 TRIBAL CHIEF LIZ LOGAN: And I won't even respond to
17 her last comment, I figure it's -- it's on the
18 record.
19 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay.
20 I think time being what it is, we need to
21 move along, but Madam Beaudet has a question for
22 Hydro on this topic.
23 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
24 Yes, a question on cumulative effects
25 assessment again.
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1 My query started with your response, so I
2 think it was in your closing comments when you
3 referred to a response to Saulteau First Nation on
4 the Registry number 407, and you indicated to us
5 that the CEAA agency stated that for this project,
6 the EIS guidelines will not require the proponent
7 to create a pre-industrial baseline for cumulative
8 effect assessment.
9 So I went back to look at different comments,
10 some of them I was aware of already, when the EIS
11 guidelines were prepared. And there were lots of
12 comments of people asking that the two previous
13 dams be included.
14 And I believe there was three: Treaty 8
15 Tribal Association, Saulteau, and, what I found
16 interesting, there was also Environment Canada.
17 And they said that they recommended that the
18 guidelines direct preparation of an Environmental
19 Impact Statement that includes a thorough
20 discussion of existing hydroelectric developments
21 on the Peace River.
22 The environmental effects that have occurred
23 as a result of the effectiveness of measures taken
24 to manage them.
25 And I also looked at the document. It's a
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1 very extensive document from BC Hydro that
2 responded to public comments on the preparation of
3 the guidelines, and with respect to cumulative
4 effect assessment, you say -- and it's on page 3,
5 the letter is June 26th, 2012 -- and you say here
6 that you agree:
7
8 "... that in characterizing
9 any potential residual effect and
10 any potential cumulative effect, it
11 is helpful to characterize the
12 extent to which an area has already
13 been disturbed including a
14 consideration of the existing
15 hydroelectric generation projects
16 on the Peace. However, the
17 accumulated effects of all past
18 projects and activities will be
19 reflected in the current baseline
20 condition."
21
22 Some groups said, you know, that there was
23 existing data and you disagreed. Some agreed on --
24 they disagreed on your spatial boundaries,
25 especially with respect to the PAD, and we're not
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1 going to go into that. I think we've tried to have
2 some questions and directions on your thinking
3 regarding that.
4 But -- and you do mention that other projects
5 use a baseline similar to what you have done,
6 giving examples of oil sands projects, Prosperity
7 Gold-Copper Mine project, et cetera, and one is the
8 Dunvegan hydroelectric project because the other
9 projects as examples are not dams.
10 Now, the Lower Churchill also did the same
11 thing as you did. And they had lots of participant
12 views that disagreed.
13 I'd like to know more about the arguments
14 that you've used and managed; they must be magical.
15 And managed to convince the agency and
16 environmental assessment office of the Province to
17 go ahead and exclude the two dams. Because even if
18 there's a narrative, it doesn't preclude the
19 proponent to do a cumulative effect assessment,
20 especially if in the narrative you acknowledge that
21 the previous dams had effects.
22 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: So in terms of that
23 question --
24 MS. BEAUDET: Excuse me, this was addressed
25 to BC Hydro. I'm sorry.
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1 DR. KRISTY CIRUNA: Okay.
2 MS. BETTINA SANDER: Thank you, Madam.
3 I think you summarized many of the issues
4 with the whole cumulative effects assessment
5 method, so I'll try and answer, I think some of
6 what I thought your key points were.
7 In terms of, yes, we did hear during the
8 review of the EIS guidelines many requests to go to
9 pre-industrial, pre-Bennett, et cetera. And we
10 went through that process.
11 In terms of -- there was some -- within that
12 period, that review period before the Minister of
13 Environment and the executive director of the EAO
14 finalized the guidelines, we had some discussions
15 with Environment Canada. We had a meeting, I
16 believe it was in May 2012, I believe, where we
17 discussed the approach to cumulative effects
18 assessment in light of all those questions that
19 came out of the working group review period.
20 And through that, the -- that information, I
21 guess that discussion we had at that meeting was
22 taken back to the Canadian Environmental Assessment
23 Agency and the EAO at the time, and the
24 recommendation during that meeting was to,
25 recognizing that there was limited information to
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1 be able to go back pre-industrial, pre-industrial
2 for us would have been going back to the 1800s.
3 Very difficult to recreate that scenario in a
4 meaningful way that would help us to understand the
5 effects of the project.
6 The recommendation was made to, using the
7 information that is available to go back and
8 understand within the limitations that data and
9 describe in a narrative way what those effects of
10 those previous dams would be. And so when the EIS
11 guidelines were finalized by the Minister of
12 Environment and the executive director of the EAO,
13 that was the direction to us, to include that
14 information. And so that's what we did.
15 And so in terms of available information, we
16 looked at -- the hydrology data went back the
17 furthest, so we looked at that.
18 And as we talked about in the downstream
19 sessions, used that information to understand the
20 current flow and how those might be changed during
21 construction and operation of the dam. And then
22 subsequently to see -- to use that information in
23 our effects assessment where relevant.
24 MS. BEAUDET: Do I understand that the
25 major argument was that you didn't have the data?
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1 I mean, the Peace Canyon Dam had the
2 Environmental Impact Assessment done. The Bennett
3 Dam -- when you build a dam, you have data. I
4 mean, even if it's 1957, you would have data. You
5 had data only on the hydrology?
6 MS. BETTINA SANDER: We had -- the furthest
7 dating back data was on the hydrology. There was
8 some aerial photographs as well. And other
9 projects have gone back to re-create those
10 conditions. But if you read through those, at the
11 end of the day, it didn't provide a lot of
12 certainty with respect to what those predicted
13 effects would be.
14 MS. BEAUDET: So the argument is just the
15 availability of data; there was no other arguments
16 that they agree that you were right in going in
17 that way?
18 MS. BETTINA SANDER: Sorry, Madam, could you
19 repeat that?
20 MS. BEAUDET: I'm trying to find, as I
21 mentioned, the magical arguments that convinced the
22 Agency and the environmental assessment office of
23 the Province for you to go ahead and consider that
24 the baseline was September 2012.
25 MS. BETTINA SANDER: I think at the -- or the
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1 discussion at the time in that May meeting was
2 around the availability of information and being
3 able to, in a meaningful way, go back and create
4 these pre-industrial condition, and how that would
5 help you understand what the effects of the project
6 would be today.
7 And I think those -- you made reference to
8 other projects that had done -- had been requested
9 to do that work, and we reviewed those and found
10 that at the end of the day, it didn't really help
11 in understanding what that specific project would
12 contribute with respect to effects.
13 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.
14 THE CHAIRMAN: I'd now like to call on Neil
15 Thompson who --
16 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Sorry, Mr. Chair, to
17 interrupt. Before Mr. Thompson comes up, if I
18 might have a brief moment of your time.
19 The dreaded procedurally (sic) issue that we
20 had talked about previously in the morning has
21 reared its head in the fact that the panel has
22 requested more information from the Province, and,
23 yet, the date for undertakings to provide that
24 information is today.
25 Would it be acceptable to the panel for us to
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1 provide that information that's requested,
2 including the date -- the history of the age of the
3 data, as well as the values that were looked at in
4 this trial study, by February the 3rd, with the
5 understanding that the Province will get that
6 information to the panel as soon as it is able to?
7 THE CHAIRMAN: It would be wonderful if you
8 could get it by Friday because there may be other
9 people who want to comment. I don't think it would
10 be hard to find --
11 MR. BEN NAYLOR: We will certainly get it as
12 soon as possible.
13 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. And I thank you very
14 much for that.
15 And I would like, also, to thank Dr. Ciruna.
16 It's an interesting study, and a good first start.
17 And I'm sure it will find a lot of interest,
18 locally, here, when she comes up to visit the
19 Treaty 8.
20 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Exactly.
21 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.
22 MR. BEN NAYLOR: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
23 Thank you, Kristy.
24 THE CHAIRMAN: Thanks, Dr. Ciruna.
25 I'd now like to call Neil Thompson, with some
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1 gratitude for his patience, because we ran out of
2 time in the air environment session and he agreed
3 to present later.
4 Welcome, sir.
5 Just a second.
6 MS. SUSAN YURKOVICH: Mr. Chair, Ms. Sanders
7 would just like to clarify a reference that Madam
8 Beaudet was asking about.
9 MS. BETTINA SANDER: Thank you.
10 Madam Beaudet, you referenced -- or made
11 reference to a date of September 2012 as the
12 baseline?
13 Yes?
14 And we've heard that in some of the
15 submissions as well, and we just wanted to clarify
16 that that September 5th, 2012 was not what we
17 considered baseline.
18 Baseline was characterized based on, you
19 know, years of study, field studies, and that date
20 was simply to reflect the date that we stopped
21 looking at all those various databases, where we
22 collected the future projects that we looked at or
23 considered in the cumulative effects assessment.
24 MS. BEAUDET: Because it was the data I
25 think that you have in your technical memo, so ...
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1 MS. BETTINA SANDER: Yes, it was just to reflect
2 that that was because of where we are, we were at
3 the time in conducting our assessment, and we
4 needed a day where we stopped looking at the
5 database.
6 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Mr. Thompson, I take
7 your suggestion. We'll have a ten-minute coffee
8 break and then come back and hear you.
9
10 (Brief break)
11
12 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, let's reconvene and
13 turn the floor over to you, Mr. Thompson.
14
15 Presentation by Mr. Neil Thompson, (Atmospheric):
16 MR. NEIL THOMPSON: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
17 I'm here today to speak to the cumulative
18 impacts that I think this project will have on the
19 aviation weather reports at our regional airport.
20 And the impacts that I believe it will have on the
21 accuracy and the reliability of the aviation
22 weather forecasts that are issued in this sector.
23 I think the treatment of the topic to date
24 should move it into the category we have previous
25 heard in the proceeding to that of an unacceptable
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1 threshold of significance.
2 And it is clear to me that, collectively, we
3 really need to reverse the unsustainable trend when
4 establishing the VCs with respect to air
5 transportation and large projects.
6 We had a very large mill installed in our
7 airport about nine or ten years back. The
8 assessment works that we watched there, I
9 considered almost farcical with respect to the
10 aviation side of the issues. And I'm hoping you
11 can help us do better this time.
12 I do not offer myself as an -- as the
13 expertise that I think you will need to properly
14 assess the topic, but, rather, as one with a long
15 working knowledge of what is required to operate
16 the safe and efficient airport.
17 In 1962, I went back. I attended department
18 of transport's air services training school in
19 Ottawa. And on graduation, I went to work at the
20 forecast office in Whitehorse. '63, I've worked
21 briefly in Yellowknife, and went back to
22 Whitehorse. In '67, I started pilot training.
23 '68, I bought my first aircraft. '71, I was the
24 officer in charge at the weather office. '73, I
25 was lecturing in meteorology at the flying schools.
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1 '77, I retrained as a crash rescue firefighter at
2 the Grand Prairie airport; I have memories from
3 that that will be with me forever.
4 '79, I retrained at the Edmonton
5 International Airport as an interprovincial
6 electrician with specialized training in airfield
7 lighting systems, approach lighting systems,
8 back-up power systems for the navigational aids,
9 the radar, the direction finding, and the
10 communication systems.
11 In '84, I came here, to Fort St. John, as a
12 complex centre airports electrician.
13 And I travelled around with Transport Canada
14 through the western region to troubleshooting,
15 installations, overseeing projects on airports
16 between Inuvik and Calgary.
17 And while there aren't many sailors in this
18 northeast area, I am the one who has sailed between
19 Hudson's Hope and the town of Peace River, and it
20 is truly a beautiful valley.
21 You have my condolences, panel, on the
22 reading assignment that Hydro has placed before
23 you. I also have read considerably, and I find
24 some serious errors and omissions in the modelling,
25 and the conclusions that you are being asked to
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1 accept.
2 I try to speak to these as we go along, that
3 includes some diagrams and some pictures.
4 And I ask that you consider these items from
5 the perspective of the increases in aviation with
6 respect to the disruption, the risk, the cost, and
7 the environmental footprint. It is likely that we
8 can all agree that better stewardship of the
9 environment should include the approach
10 environment, the landing environment, and the
11 take-off environment.
12 And I find in the minutes of a
13 pre-consultation meeting where our past airport
14 manager, who was also a commercial pilot, requested
15 that the project be assessed by a real
16 meteorologist, and he is now a supervisor at
17 Toronto airport, at Pearson. But I've spoken with
18 him about his concerns, and I want to make it clear
19 here that in the aviation community, a real
20 meteorologist is a seasoned, operational aviation
21 forecaster with the credentials to issue and sign
22 an aviation forecast.
23 I also see that this topic has been raised by
24 others in the minutes of the letters to the BC EAO,
25 letters to the Environmental Assessment Agency,
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1 minutes of the meetings, pre-consultation meetings,
2 and submissions to BC Hydro.
3 But the EIS appears to try to dismiss these
4 concerns or trivialize the probable impacts of the
5 project. And I'd also say that the presentations
6 you have heard here from Environment Canada and
7 Transport Canada were not intended to help you
8 fully assess the project.
9 I note during their assessments, you didn't
10 hear the word "inversion". Not once. You didn't
11 hear anything about "background moisture",
12 "pollution", "particulate". They didn't go very
13 deep. And I think they have the mandate and the
14 expertise and the responsibility to do that
15 properly. But I have a suggestion later on.
16 So by convention, the international civil
17 aviation organization and the world meteorological
18 organization agreed at a meeting many years ago
19 that any phenomenon reducing the visibility six
20 miles or less shall be reported in an aviation
21 weather report, and it shall be included in the
22 aviation weather forecasts. And that agreement
23 prevails all around the world.
24 If we consider the visibility of six miles,
25 and an aircraft approaching a runway at 60 miles an
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1 hour, that's one mile per minute. Right? So you
2 give him six minutes to identify the landmark on or
3 runway and confirm that no one is on that runway.
4 And I think two of you are from BC, and you'll
5 remember Cranbrook in '78.
6 So if we consider six miles, the pilot gets
7 six minutes to identify his landmark. When the
8 visibility drops to three, he gets three minutes.
9 Visibility drops to a mile-and-a-half, he gets
10 90 seconds. Three quarters of a mile, he gets
11 three quarters of a minute. But those standards
12 were agreed to when airplanes were approaching at
13 60 miles an hour. And now 120 or more is very
14 common. So that three-quarter mile visibility now
15 only offers him 22-and-a-half seconds to make that
16 decision. And if we consider the view through the
17 windshield of the airplane, it can't look straight
18 down. He gets to look out at a 45-degree angle.
19 So that means he only gets half the time to
20 identify the landmark, to find the threshold to
21 assure himself there's nobody on that runway.
22 And six miles, if you consider one of the
23 other reasons they agreed to six miles was that six
24 miles indicates you have some weather in that area.
25 Something is going on. And the SOP from any
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1 carrier will require that you make a fuel
2 management decision at six miles. How much more
3 fuel shall you carry, because if that forecast is
4 not reliable, we'll now have enough fuel to go
5 elsewhere, and land with 45 minutes of fuel.
6 That's the law. So six miles is a big deal.
7 When visibility gets down to three miles,
8 that's when flight under the visual flight rules
9 stops.
10 If you fly to the control zone and they tell
11 you it's three miles, they will also tell you
12 remain clear of the zone because that zone is
13 reserved for the IFR traffic.
14 So now you're faced with a problem. You have
15 to circle outside the zone, waiting for space
16 between the arriving airplanes, where they could
17 allow you in under special VFR conditions, or you
18 can stay outside the zone and burn fuel until the
19 weather improves, or go elsewhere; the choices that
20 you have.
21 The other parameter that's not been discussed
22 here is a mile-and-a-half visibility, where that's
23 the weather minimum for three of our runways. And
24 I believe it's also the VFR limit for the
25 helicopter traffic. It's not been discussed.
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1 There's been no discussion about cloud
2 height, where a cloud ceiling of 1,000 feet is the
3 limit for visual flight rule traffic; half our
4 traffic is visual.
5 500 feet has been ignored. There, it's the
6 minimum circling height within a traffic zone. And
7 200 feet, well, that's the decision height when
8 you're approaching on our best-equipped runway.
9 That's a big deal that's not been discussed.
10 So the question becomes why does Hydro's
11 consultant begin the modelling at .6 of the mile?
12 I'd like to know who or on what credentials
13 that decision was made. And my view of it is is if
14 we took .6 and you put it over 6, that would equal
15 .1. That's a 10 percent understanding of this
16 topic, to express it.
17 There is a reference in the EIS about a
18 meeting with NPAS. It doesn't say NPA society or
19 services, but one or the other. And Transport
20 Canada.
21 So let us find out exactly who and with what
22 credentials those people attending that meeting --
23 because the airport manager in training comes to us
24 with banking credentials, and the assistant manager
25 comes to us with a janitorial contracting
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1 background. They are not flyers. They are not
2 forecasters. And they are certainly not
3 Air Traffic Controllers. So we need good
4 credentials making those decisions. And I'm at a
5 total loss to explain the .6 mile where we would
6 start modelling there, ignoring all the other
7 parameters.
8 At this point, I give you the website there.
9 Do I have to read this out, sir?
10 I'm sorry?
11 THE CHAIRMAN: No, that's all right.
12 MR. NEIL THOMPSON: Don't have to read. Okay.
13 But the reference there is to a wreck we had over
14 at Grand Prairie where airframe icing issues were
15 the main factor. And a terrible forecast was a
16 main factor, and that's one of my concerns, is how
17 much moisture will come off this reservoir and
18 river, on top of the pollution that we've got, it
19 makes it very difficult to forecast accurately.
20 The textbook behaviour of an air mass really gets
21 impacted by pollution, particulate, smoke, all the
22 rest of it. It's very hard to do.
23 And the other website, I hope you'll have
24 time to look at. It's about an international
25 development work, they are trying to design a LiDAR
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1 instrumentation to locate super-cooled liquid
2 aloft. That's a big deal to do with airframe
3 icing. Super-cooled -- it will hang in the air in
4 the super-cooled state until disturbed, like an
5 airplane wing would disturb, and then it's instant
6 ice.
7 And that study, there were 33 scientists
8 involved, representing eight prestigious
9 organizations from Canada, including the research
10 council and Transport Canada. And on the U.S.
11 side, there were 12 organizations, including the
12 Boulder, Colorado, Institute and NASA.
13 And there was scientists from Russia, Poland,
14 France, Britain. Even Boeing aircraft corporation
15 put money into that. And, again, a big deal. And
16 what they are trying to do there is improve the
17 forecast product to avoid the ice. The
18 instrumentation would probably display on a screen
19 in a cockpit. It would be better yet if we could
20 display it on a screen in the control tower, and
21 then help the pilots avoid it.
22 Now, a little bit more about heavy industry.
23 Our city has rezoned all the eastern territory as
24 heavy industry, which, unfortunately, is closest to
25 the airport. But there is no setback distance in
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1 the official community plan between a heavy
2 industry and an airport. And, in fact, you can
3 look all over the Province, you'll not find a
4 setback specified. I don't understand why, but
5 there isn't.
6 Already at this airport, we have -- right up
7 close there, we have a wood pellet plant, a large
8 lumber mill, the largest strand board mill in North
9 America.
10 And just south of the control zone in the
11 valley at Taylor, very large gas processing,
12 propane refinery, lumber mill, asphalt production,
13 and another very large pulp mill.
14 And at night, you can see here that around
15 us, the oil and gas with the flares burning to the
16 north and the east and the south. All these guys
17 are putting their little contribution of
18 particulate. And depending on the wind, whether
19 it -- whether it impacts us or not.
20 In fairness to BC Hydro, it is not their
21 fault that we have developed around the airport
22 with little regard for aviation. But the fact is
23 we did, and all over the Province. And the
24 regulators are not responding to this. Just so far
25 behind the times -- I will assume that the rules
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1 were written before industry of this magnitude were
2 considered. That pulp mill, or OSB mill is the
3 largest in North America. They bragged about
4 having the largest press in the world. But they
5 put it right in the middle of our air traffic
6 control zone without much of an assessment.
7 So we watched that assessment. We were
8 pretty aghast, I guess. But the responses, we
9 would take our concerns to Transport Canada, they'd
10 say it's outside our jurisdiction. And I don't
11 even believe that. They have the mandate, the
12 expertise, the authority. I think what it is, they
13 don't want to argue with every ambitious Mayor in
14 Canada. Right? Avoid the issue, we'll just say
15 it's nothing, or jurisdiction.
16 And I can show you a slide later where they
17 recommend that you don't build your industry closer
18 than four or five miles from the eastern boundary
19 of your airport. But they highlight recommend, not
20 enforceable. And then they step back.
21 Environment Canada, during that last big job,
22 not a word about the aviation weather. They give
23 us 8 pages on fish habitat, 12 more pages about the
24 parts per million of the chemicals that you could
25 put in the air, not a word about aviation weather.
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1 NAV Canada, they're now a Crown corporation,
2 I guess, they wanted to talk about the paint
3 colours on the stack of the mill. Not a word about
4 the stuff coming out of the top of that thing.
5 BC environmental agency assessment office,
6 they declared that vapour emissions from wood
7 processing are exempt from assessment. And I will
8 bet you a drink that that rule hasn't changed. And
9 the BC Minister of Environment, their own
10 meteorologist responded to one of our questions, in
11 writing, and he said, "I have no expertise. Ask
12 the pilots." But they wouldn't.
13 So they assessed that with no credible
14 calculation for the background moisture, the
15 chemicals, the particulate. And no actual data on
16 the frequency, structure, or the duration of our
17 inversions. And I think you're seeing it again. I
18 don't find the word "inversion" in this assessment,
19 the EIS here. Clearly, there's some gapping
20 loopholes being held open for industrial
21 application.
22 Now, since that decision, the aviation
23 community has learned that 70 percent of an aspen
24 log is water. And that one million cubic metres of
25 wood from that one mill translates into at least
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1 1,900 metric tonne of water vapour every day.
2 For perspective, I would note that
3 1 kilometre of cloud contains only 500 tonne of
4 moisture. So the mill can make about four
5 cubic kilometres a day.
6 So if you have an inversion sitting here for
7 three days, you'll have a horrendous load of wet,
8 dense cloud, and it contains super-cooled moisture.
9 If you consider that the emission coming out
10 of that stack is 270-something degrees, and then it
11 drifts downwind and it cools; somewhere down there,
12 it will freeze. And I'll fly through that after
13 it's frozen; I don't want any part of it when it's
14 still liquid.
15 So in the late fall, in the winter, and in
16 the spring, considerable super-cooled liquid dumped
17 into the control zone. And that is only one mill.
18 We have two big sawmills and a big pulp mill also
19 producing water vapour.
20 To speak a bit about airframe icing, and that
21 is a big deal. To our previous assessment, the
22 consultant tried to express the weight of ice in
23 terms of the percentage of the gross weight of the
24 airplane. I mean, unbelievable.
25 So to comment here, the ice will affect the
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1 shape of the airfoils of the wings and the control
2 surfaces, the shape of the curves of the
3 propellers. The forward visibility through the
4 windshield. Static venting, which you need for the
5 instruments on your airplane. It doesn't work if
6 you have a coat of ice over it.
7 The antennas on the airplane, it's not so
8 much for communication, maybe, but for accurate
9 alignment to the instrument landing system, a small
10 error is significant. And it's the antennas on the
11 ground and on the airplane.
12 And engine performance, ice can compromise
13 you there, too.
14 Yeah, this was -- I highlighted the word in
15 red, "Recommended" by Transport, but then they step
16 away. I can put this up for you later, if you
17 want, to read the whole thing.
18 When you buy an airport from Transport
19 Canada, you buy it for a dollar, but you get this
20 library of books and licence. And if you don't
21 follow the books, you're always under threat of
22 losing your licence.
23 In this case, they sold it to us for a
24 dollar; in fact, they gave us the cheque for $2
25 million, please take it.
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1 So I think this project will add freezing
2 mist, more low cloud where it is not wanted, it
3 will make it harder to avoid the plumes of
4 industrial crud that we've got. And that plume is
5 imbedded in the low cloud or hidden in the mist.
6 When it's poor light or snowing or dark, it's
7 very hard to see and avoid that when you're looking
8 at it down on a snow-covered terrain. And the
9 plume is white, so ...
10 Yes, they'll do their best to avoid it, but
11 hard to see it.
12 And I thought it was nearly laughable that we
13 refer to our air traffic control zone in all of
14 transport's manuals as protected air space. When
15 it is clearly not protected from the oil and gas
16 people or the forestry people or possibly the
17 energy people. We'll see.
18 So by default, Minister of Forest was given a
19 final word on what would be deemed acceptable. And
20 this time, with your help, maybe the Minister of
21 Energy doesn't afford it the same privilege.
22 And I could offer some mitigation measures
23 that came from just from the local aviation
24 community. I'm -- you know, these won't be
25 required if the dam is not approved, but if it is,
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1 point one would be bring back the Air Traffic
2 Controllers.
3 Point two would be install the second landing
4 -- instrument landing system that's been discussed
5 in the past mostly because the one we have doesn't
6 align itself to the prevailing wind. I'm going to
7 guess that the prevailing wind in Ottawa is 290
8 degrees because there's a lot of ILSs lined up to
9 290 degrees. In here, the southwest wind prevails.
10 We could upgrade the centreline lighting,
11 which would then allow us to approach at a lower
12 visibility. That would help.
13 We could install LiDAR, especially if that
14 icing study and development does develop a
15 marketable display for super-cooled liquid. It's
16 not on the market yet. But as soon as it is, I
17 think we have the perfect place to test it.
18 The secondary radar, we could upgrade that.
19 And that would allow us to reduce the separation
20 between the airplanes because we have more positive
21 identification of where they are at.
22 We could re-open taxi Charlie -- let's see if
23 I can find this.
24 There's a map of the airport. On the
25 right-hand side, there, that taxiway is closed.
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1 Because it costs less to paint and plough the snow
2 and crackfill and overlay. So we closed it. But
3 now what we're seeing is a line-up of traffic,
4 they'll leave the ramp, and they'll taxi down to
5 the unactive runway, and they'll taxi right down to
6 here and wait. And when there's a break in the
7 incoming traffic, they'll backtrack down this
8 runway, turn around, and then take off to the
9 northeast.
10 That means you need a lot more time to allow
11 for that backtrack; the time between the arriving
12 airplanes. And I've seen, you know, just recently,
13 six, seven, eight airplanes lined up at the
14 intersection there waiting. Some of those
15 passengers were -- well, they were there for over
16 30 minutes waiting for departure. So that would be
17 a big help.
18 And the other thing we do, we spray the
19 airplanes with glycol to spray the ice off. When
20 you come down through industrial emissions, you
21 pick up a bit of ice. Well, the law says you will
22 not take off with that ice. So they have type I
23 and type II glycol, and they spray them. Very
24 expensive. Not environmentally nice. But in the
25 bigger -- like, Pearson, now, they have a
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1 drive-through. Recycle. And I don't know if we're
2 at that stage, but at least we wouldn't be letting
3 it runoff on the ground. A step in the right
4 direction.
5 So that would be our suggestions. Many
6 millions of dollars we're talking about there. But
7 I think back to my concern about the assessment
8 work, the easy solution to that is just take the
9 assessment work and submit it to the professionals
10 that work in the aviation weather every day. The
11 forecasters, the pilots, the Air Traffic
12 Controllers. Search and rescue have a lot of
13 expertise. We could draw on that. Yeah.
14 And the boys I feel sorry for are the medivac
15 companies. They get called rain or shine.
16 And I would offer some questions that the
17 professionals should be answering for us.
18 How much glycol are we using compared to the
19 past?
20 How many aircraft per year are now being
21 directed into holding patterns?
22 I was told we're up to 17 already; at a
23 little regional airport, that's ridiculous. And
24 that can only go up with pipelines and hydro and
25 development. Right?
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1 How long are those aircraft held in the
2 holding patterns?
3 I had coffee with the captain the other day,
4 he was in there for 41 minutes in the holding
5 pattern. You think about the very expensive engine
6 hours that he's burning off and the fuel. That's
7 not environmentally acceptable.
8 How long do the helicopters wait outside the
9 zone for a break in the traffic so that they can
10 scoot in? It only takes them two-and-a-half
11 minutes. They get from the control zone to the
12 ramp. But they wait and they wait. And they are
13 burning fuel and burning engine hours trying to
14 keep their passengers warm while waiting.
15 And how many aircraft had to divert to their
16 alternate? The alternate, I think I may have
17 mentioned earlier, they have to carry enough fuel
18 to go to an alternate if the weather is
19 questionable. And they need enough fuel to go
20 there and still have 45 minutes of fuel in their
21 tank. So if you think about that, 165 pounds of
22 extra fuel is 165 pounds of passenger you can't
23 take with you. So that affects the bottom line big
24 time.
25 And how many just filed their flight plan and
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1 then checked the weather and cancelled it?
2 And back to the point about alternates, how
3 many aircraft are using our airport as their
4 alternate? You consider Fort Nelson, Rainbow Lake,
5 High Level, Peace River, Dawson Creek, Chetwynd,
6 Prince George, and we are now upgraded as a
7 regional airport, which means they rely on us more
8 as an alternate. And we need to be a reliable
9 alternate because they are coming here on the last
10 of their fuel.
11 Unrelated to this project, but in terrible --
12 what would you say -- decision-making. One of the
13 best examples -- well, there's so many in BC.
14 If you look at Kamloops, they put a pulp mill
15 beside the runway, and they choked on that stale
16 air for years. And a pilot struggled with it.
17 Finally, they put a duct up the side of a mountain
18 and pushed it up in the westerly wind and it went
19 away, but for years they choked on it first. And
20 you got to wonder who did the thinking when they
21 built that?
22 Prince George has a reputation. You go in
23 the coffee room of any hangar and then ask them
24 where's the worst approach in the Province? Well,
25 Prince George will be at the top of the list
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1 because on runway one-five, you can't see the
2 airport for industrial emission. And you will know
3 that we just spent a bunch of money expanding that
4 runway and developing an air cargo facility, going
5 to attract the polar traffic to Prince George.
6 Think we've had four airplanes on it now.
7 But you've got to wonder about the thinking
8 with all those mills there why would [they] develop
9 that runway, you know.
10 But back to Edmonton there; I lived there and
11 I saw this. The Military had built an airport
12 there, a beautiful airport. But as it became a
13 city and expanded, that surrounded the place with
14 residences, businesses, train yard, cement plants
15 and on it went. And then they put a tall hospital
16 in the approach path. Sure enough, somebody flew
17 into that.
18 I'll -- I hope I've generated some questions.
19 This diagram, I was just trying to point out
20 how cumulative the impacts are. You could assess
21 it with any one of these parameters, the visibility
22 of 6, 3, a mile-and-a-half, or three quarters. Or
23 less. And the cloud heights.
24 Then you could look in the records all the
25 way back to 1940 and see historically what's taken
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1 place here. We have hourly weather reports going
2 right back to the '40s. So it would be easy to see
3 the impact of each industry with the factor for
4 global warming and El Nino; those wouldn't be
5 straight lines; they would be cyclic, of course.
6 But I think the biggest impact in our zone is
7 the OSB mill, and now this project will add a new
8 ingredient of low-level moisture, so more mist,
9 more freezing mist, super-cooled liquid.
10 The thing about that valley, the mist will
11 form down there, and about mid-morning, normally,
12 you'll see the land start to warm up, and then it
13 lifts off the ground and then actually it floats
14 right up off the valley and floats right over the
15 airport.
16 And as the day warms and the air dries, it
17 gets higher and higher and pretty soon it's not a
18 problem. But when you mix that with the upslope
19 from the east, in this -- I think I got a low here
20 I was going to show you.
21 If you look at the area to the north of that
22 low, the winds are prevailing east. And when that
23 happens here -- or, say, the low is south of us, so
24 that this whole area is in an easterly wind flow,
25 that air actually flows uphill from Alberta. So
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1 there's -- you reach a condensation level, and the
2 low cloud all piles up there against the mountains
3 and the foothills. So then after the low is gone
4 and the wind comes around to the west, it all comes
5 back. So to mix industrial gunk into that is
6 heartburn for us.
7 I want to especially show you this picture.
8 That's an approach light fixture, and I would say
9 about three-quarters of an inch of frost on that.
10 It's designed to deliver about 5,000 candella at
11 about 8 degrees to the pilot's eye. Right? And
12 those are the ones you see; they flash in sequence
13 and take the pilots eye down to the threshold.
14 Well, as you can see there, you have a choice
15 of three brightness settings, but you're not going
16 to get your 5,000 candella out of that.
17 And that because it flashes, it doesn't
18 generate any heat, so it won't defrost itself.
19 You've got to wade out in the snow there and brush
20 that all off.
21 That's the OSB mill in the background. And a
22 very dry day. I'm going to suggest the southwest
23 wind is just rolling in. And it's dry enough that
24 that plume isn't even a kilometre long. Some days,
25 that plume will go 9 and 10 kilometres long, and
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1 contain the super-cooled liquid.
2 In the left side of that picture, you see the
3 threshold lighting. That is normal incandescent
4 light. So it generates enough heat and it defrosts
5 itself. But these ones, the model here doesn't.
6 You can see just above the orange box the
7 beehive burner, which, thank god, they finally took
8 away.
9 I think you're probably aware of -- the lows
10 turn anti-clockwise. And they can't penetrate
11 areas of high, so you're seeing there the boundary
12 between the Arctic air and the Maritime. And it's
13 a constant moving struggle. It goes day and night.
14 But the -- I could go back to this otherwise
15 and show you the ...
16 To the right of that red line, that warm
17 front, down in here, that's where the inversions
18 will be the strongest, where the warm air is
19 lighter than the cold.
20 So it can't do anything but run over top of
21 the cold, and then slowly erodes its way down
22 through the cold and you finally feel it here on
23 the ground.
24 But under that inversion, there's no
25 dispersion of pollution. It's very stable, very
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1 stagnant air. So that's where your air quality
2 will be the worst. That's where you're flying
3 weather will be difficult if there's industrial
4 emissions in the area.
5 Under the -- in the purple sector of that
6 diagram, that's a trough of warm air, and it's been
7 forced above the ground. But it's still warm, and,
8 therefore, it's still an inverse. And it still
9 gives you the airframe icing issues where you take
10 a cold wing and you go into warm air and then back
11 into cold air. This is not nice.
12 This is a view from the north fence looking
13 down the runway one-one. You can see the plume
14 there blowing across from the right.
15 Clearly, a clear blue day everywhere else
16 above that, but this day, very fowl conditions on
17 the runway. And the reason I took the picture was
18 that a plane had just flown over my car there, and
19 I realized that the winds were favouring approaches
20 from the other end of that runway; in fact, the
21 other traffic that day were all coming from the
22 opposite way, but this guy elected to go in this
23 way because there was more pavement sticking out of
24 that fog bank. And he landed successfully. It was
25 all good, but if he missed that landing, he would
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1 have had to climb out towards all the other planes
2 that are coming in. Give the controller some
3 heartburn there.
4 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Thompson, I think I'm
5 going to have to stop you there because we're
6 running out of time. This is endlessly
7 fascinating, I must say, and I'm convinced when I
8 go back to Victoria, I'm going to hitchhike.
9 MR. NEIL THOMPSON: Still safer than driving,
10 Mr. Chair.
11 THE CHAIRMAN: I could entertain one
12 question from the floor, if there is one.
13 Then otherwise, sir, thank you very much for
14 a fascinating disquisition.
15 MR. NEIL THOMPSON: All I would add is that
16 Environment Canada and Transport Canada could have
17 helped you a lot more in your assessment. I don't
18 understand why they didn't bring the experts that I
19 think you need to assess this properly.
20 THE CHAIRMAN: Stick around for Hydro's
21 closing comments on this, and let's see what they
22 have to say. Thank you.
23 MR. NEIL THOMPSON: Thank you.
24 THE CHAIRMAN: There's a couple of vehicles
25 that are going to get towed: a silver Ford: 191
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1 3CG. And a red Ford: BA3 570. See the front desk,
2 or they are going to get towed. Thank you.
3 Our final presentation is -- before we hear
4 from Hydro -- is from Saulteau First Nations.
5 MR. PETER FELDBERG: Mr. Chair, while
6 Mr. McCormack is just setting up, I think we
7 mentioned this morning that we had -- our fish
8 biologists were here, and, if you recall, when they
9 filed, they said we'd like a chance to respond.
10 Probably the most efficient way is, as we've done
11 it before, if they just do it orally once we're
12 done; it won't take more than a few minutes, I
13 don't think.
14 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Good. Thank you.
15
16 Saulteau First Nations Panel:
17 Jesse McCormick (Legal Counsel).
18 Rick Palmer (via telephone).
19 Alyssa Murdoch (via telephone).
20
21 Presentation by Jesse McCormack, Legal Counsel for
22 Saulteau First Nations:
23 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Good afternoon, members of
24 the panel. As you're aware, my name is Jesse
25 McCormick. I'm legal counsel to Saulteau First
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1 Nations.
2 I'm pleased to have the opportunity to
3 present the Saulteau First Nations presentation on
4 fish and fish habitat.
5 As you are aware, a technical memorandum
6 entitled Review of Site C Environment Impact
7 Statement, fish and fish habitat, has been filed as
8 written accompaniment to this PowerPoint
9 presentation.
10 The content of the PowerPoint presentation is
11 derived from the technical memorandum. And both
12 the PowerPoint and the technical memorandum have
13 been filed with the panel Secretariat, and they are
14 available on the CEAR Registry as document
15 number 2432.
16 In an effort to overcome some of the
17 limitations of remote participation, I'll be
18 conducting most of the presentation. However, we
19 are joined on the telephone by Mr. Rick Palmer and
20 Ms. Alyssa Murdoch of Palmer Environmental
21 Consulting Group.
22 They are the authors of the technical
23 memorandum, and the PowerPoint presentation. And
24 they will be helping out with some of the technical
25 content, and they will also be available to answer
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1 any questions.
2 I would like now to introduce them to the
3 panel.
4 You see before you slide 2. And I'd like to
5 confirm, first of all, do we have Rick Palmer and
6 Alyssa Murdoch on the phone?
7 MR. RICK PALMER: Go ahead, Alyssa.
8 MS. ALYSSA MURDOCH: Yes, I'm here, Jesse.
9 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Welcome. Thank you very
10 much.
11 MR. RICK PALMER: Hi, Jesse. I'm here,
12 too.
13
14 Introduction of the Saulteau First Nations panel, by
15 Mr. Jesse McCormick:
16 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Thank you.
17 So you see here on the screen, the gentleman
18 on the left, in the blue shirt, is Mr. Rick Palmer.
19 He is the president of Palmer Consulting Group
20 Incorporated. And a senior fisheries biologist.
21 He's a registered professional biologist with
22 College of Applied Biology.
23 He holds a Master's of Science in fisheries
24 from the University of Waterloo, and a Bachelor of
25 Science from Simon Fraser University.
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1 He has extensive experience in relation to
2 evaluating and implementing fish and fish habitat
3 mitigation measures for large projects.
4 On the right-hand side of the screen, you see
5 a photo of Ms. Alyssa Murdoch. And Ms. Murdoch is
6 an aquatic biologist. And a registered
7 professional biologist with the Association of
8 Professional Biologists of BC.
9 She holds a Master of Science from the
10 University of Waterloo; focused on northern
11 fisheries ecology. And a Bachelor of Science in
12 marine biology from the University of British
13 Columbia.
14 CVs for both of these individuals were filed
15 on December 19, 2013, and are available on the
16 Registry at CEAA document number 2246.
17 Turning now to slide 3. Palmer Consulting
18 Group conducted a review of fish and fish habitat
19 and mitigation measures identified in the
20 environmental assessment documentation. That
21 review was conducted with a focus on deficiencies
22 and proposed mitigation, opportunities for
23 mitigation and compensation enhancement, fish
24 species of concern to Saulteau First Nations, and
25 priority areas for Saulteau First Nation land
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1 users.
2 Slide 4. You see this is BC Hydro's response
3 to undertaking 7, which displays the Peace-Moberly
4 Tract in the area of critical interest.
5 As you are aware the PMT and the ACCI are
6 areas of high value and importance to Saulteau
7 First Nations and the presentation supporting
8 technical memorandum focus on impacts and
9 mitigation measures relevant to these areas.
10 Slide 5. So the presentation focuses on four
11 key areas: fisheries productivity offsetting,
12 compensation; two, fish populating modelling;
13 three, fish stranding; and four, riparian or
14 stream-side vegetation.
15 And for each area, we identify an issue of
16 concern, key points in relation to that issue, and
17 suggested recommendations. And the overarching
18 purpose of the review was to identify deficient
19 mitigation measures or analyses and to propose
20 recommendations for potential mitigation
21 enhancements.
22 Turning now to slide 6. We understand that
23 the change from river to reservoir will likely
24 lower fisheries productivity and/or extirpate local
25 fish populations, including Moberly River Arctic
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1 grayling and Peace River mountain whitefish.
2 As the panel is aware, a fisheries
3 productivity offsetting plan is required by law.
4 The EIS guidelines also state, in Section 10.2.4,
5 potential effects of the project and proposed
6 mitigation, that the EIS will describe follow-up
7 and monitoring plans to determine the effectiveness
8 of measures to mitigate or compensate for the
9 adverse environmental effects of the project. That
10 request was included, despite a request from
11 BC Hydro, in their correspondence of May 31st,
12 2012, not to include that content on the basis that
13 it was sufficiently addressed elsewhere.
14 So BC Hydro's informed the panel that a fish
15 and fish habitat compensation plan is currently
16 being developed.
17 The panel requested more detail on the plan,
18 in information request number 11, in order to help
19 the panel understand how the Proponent's plans will
20 effectively compensate for adverse effects of the
21 project.
22 The panel requested BC Hydro to provide a
23 conceptual fish habitat compensation plan,
24 including information on the following points:
25 - Who would be involved in the planning
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1 and implementation of the plan, and how?
2 - What would be the objectives of the
3 plan?
4 - What would be the measures of success?
5 - What would be the timeline for
6 providing the final plan?
7 - How will the proposed plan address
8 identified effects of the project?
9 - What changes are expected to fish
10 habitat after implementation of the plan?
11 - And how will the plan account for
12 navigational concerns?
13 Saulteau First Nations does not consider the
14 response issued by BC Hydro to information request
15 number 11, to provide adequate information to
16 assess the quality or effectiveness of the proposed
17 fisheries productivity offsetting plan.
18 In our view, impacts on fish and fish habitat
19 arising from this project, if it were to be
20 constructed will be significant, and the level of
21 planning for fisheries productivity offsetting is
22 deficient for this stage of project development.
23 We would also note that Transport Canada has
24 raised concerns relating to the lack of information
25 provided by BC Hydro concerning habitat
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1 compensation measures as they relate to
2 navigability.
3 So in our view, BC Hydro has had ample
4 opportunity to demonstrate the specific measures
5 that could be implemented as part of the fisheries
6 productivity offsetting plan. However, the details
7 have been scarce.
8 Saulteau First Nations request that in the
9 absence of specific measures to address impacts on
10 fish and fish habitat, through fish habitat
11 compensation, that the panel include
12 recommendations in the final report to establish
13 clear standards for any fish habitat compensation
14 measures that may be developed in the future.
15 Turning now to slide 7. You see here some of
16 the recommendations from Saulteau First Nations in
17 relation to fisheries productivity offsetting.
18 Briefly stated, Saulteau First Nations'
19 priorities, including fish species of concern in
20 local habitats should be considered during
21 offsetting plan development.
22 And the offsetting plan should also include
23 research programs with the aim of identifying any
24 critical informational gaps, which will aid in
25 directing and prioritizing future compensation
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1 efforts.
2 Saulteau First Nations should be engaged in
3 guiding research priorities, and trained as
4 technicians for assisting in the field research.
5 Research initiatives can make up to 10 percent of
6 the total offsetting efforts under the new
7 Fisheries Act regulations.
8 So, for example, compensation could focus on
9 enhancing habitat for locally-harvested species
10 that will be reduced or extirpated due to project
11 effects, such as arctic grayling.
12 In addition, potential offsetting locations
13 could include the enhancement of Saulteau First
14 Nations' fisheries in Moberly Lake, Moberly River,
15 or the Peace River for measures such as habitat
16 enhancement or creation.
17 We now turn to an area on Slide 8. And I
18 will look to Rick and Alyssa to provide some
19 assistance. I am quick to admit that fish
20 population modelling is a bit beyond my
21 capabilities.
22 Rick.
23 MR. RICK PALMER: Jesse, can you hear me
24 okay?
25 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: We can hear you just
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1 fine. Thank you.
2
3 Presentation by Mr. Rick Palmer, Saulteau First Nations:
4 MR. RICK PALMER: Okay. So it's Rick
5 Palmer speaking. The spelling of my name is Rick,
6 R-i-c-k. Palmer, P-a-l-m-e-r.
7 So the next two slides we'll just touch on
8 the fish population modelling, as many of you may
9 know, models are really vehicles for determining
10 predictions.
11 And the issue specifically with the modelling
12 that's being undertaken here is that fish
13 population models were conducted for identified
14 species of concern to determine if population-level
15 conservation objectives will be met following dam
16 construction.
17 When they speak of conservation objectives,
18 we're speaking of 10 percent of pre-project total
19 adult abundance.
20 Now, both Alyssa and I are not modelling
21 experts. Our company does not build models for
22 such activities, but we are fisheries biologists.
23 So we understand models from a high level, and we
24 recognize the importance of the input parameters,
25 and understand those parameters.
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1 So our points here are meant to help build a
2 more robust model, not necessarily pull apart a
3 model that's been recommended.
4 Volume 2, Appendix Q3, the models were
5 completed for Arctic grayling, bull trout, and
6 kokanee.
7 One of our key points is that several
8 unrealistic or unsupported assumptions; for
9 example, fixed recruitment, being the number of
10 eggs of Arctic grayling spawners, was fixed at
11 1,000.
12 Now, the models that are provided by BC Hydro
13 in addition don't have the sufficient detail, we
14 feel, regarding such things as the basis for these
15 parameter assumptions, including the validation of
16 the methods and robustness of the model results,
17 depending on the type of parameter inputs; for
18 example, sensitivity analysis being required.
19 A third point is that the models results were
20 not adequately tested for potential changes to the
21 input parameter values; once again, the recruitment
22 and the initial population size.
23 So the models, as described, do not include
24 the potential for dynamic interactions, such as the
25 change in the number of recruits, depending on the
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1 spawner density.
2 So, for example, the arctic grayling model
3 uses a fixed recruitment of 1,000 recruits per
4 spawner, which is identified in volume 2,
5 Appendix Q3, page 30.
6 And the bull trout model stipulates that the
7 number of age-3 recruits is independent of the
8 number of spawners. Volume 2, Appendix Q3,
9 page 20.
10 So these are, clearly, unrealistic
11 assumptions, and that models with a dynamic
12 interaction are required to adequately predict
13 spawning success and result in population
14 fluctuations.
15 The fourth point is the Beverton-Holt
16 stock-recruitment model used is less conservative,
17 and not appropriate for the types of species being
18 modelled.
19 The recruitment models were employed in the
20 fish population model (indiscernible) and Ricker
21 stock recruitment model is a little more sensitive
22 to the changes in abundance and is the most
23 commonly-employed model for predicting
24 relationships for (indiscernible) species.
25 One can look to the work done by Elliott in
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1 England and the extensive work that was done on
2 brown trout.
3 So on the fifth point is our feeling that a
4 secondary risk-based model would provide additional
5 support to predictions, and would be more
6 conservative for maintaining harvestable levels of
7 fish.
8 I'm going to slide 9.
9 Our suggested recommendations are:
10 - That there's an -- include more
11 realistic biological relationships. So, for
12 example, the fixed recruitment comment versus the
13 real world data from other systems. So looking to
14 other systems within British Columbia. And if
15 there's not sufficient information or sufficient
16 baseline data collected at -- for the project site,
17 then look to other areas to put that information
18 into the model.
19 - To perform some sensitivity testing.
20 And this was completed, but it wasn't clear as to
21 the amount of sensitivity testing that was done.
22 And shown in a systematic way to show the
23 robustness of the model was some of these parameter
24 combinations.
25 - To report the level of uncertainty. So
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1 how much do the outputs, the population size vary
2 from the mean? What are the confidence limits?
3 - To provide clear, scientific
4 justification, and validation of model parameter
5 assumptions. So, once again, a reference to the
6 real-world studies when selecting inputs, such as
7 passage efficiency, sockeye versus bull trout and
8 arctic grayling, the annual survival of bull trout
9 older than age-3.
10 - To use more appropriate Ricker
11 stock-recruitment function. So data from
12 (indiscernible) are usually supported more by the
13 Ricker model, which is suggested by a large
14 reference of material; however, we are only -- in
15 this bullet, this point -- we are only suggesting
16 that the use of both models is conducted. And a
17 comparison of those two models.
18 - And then the last bullet is to use
19 secondary risk-based model to compare and confirm
20 abundance-based model results.
21 So even if the results are similar, it will
22 help verify the estimates. If they are different,
23 then what you have done is not necessarily telling
24 us a whole lot.
25 So you want to have at least two types of
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1 models to verify the results of the model employed.
2 Back to you, Jesse.
3
4 Continued presentation by Mr. Jesse McCormick, Saulteau
5 First Nations:
6 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Thank you, Rick.
7 Turning now to slide 10. Briefly discuss the
8 issue of fish stranding.
9 Fish stranding will occur during reservoir
10 creation, as well as part of the regular water
11 level fluctuations during operations. Essentially,
12 when the water level drops, there's the possibility
13 that the fish will become trapped in certain areas
14 and may face mortality as a result.
15 BC Hydro claims that fish-stranding effects
16 will be fully mitigated. However, the details are
17 quite scarce in relation to their mitigation
18 strategy, and the timelines for attempting to
19 address fish-stranding are quite limited.
20 Turning to slide 11, we do provide,
21 essentially, two main points of recommendation.
22 The first is that BC Hydro should be required
23 to provide further detail of the fish salvaging
24 program to support the claims that effects of
25 stranding will be fully mitigated. Questions such
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1 as:
2 How often will they be surveying?
3 What will be the triggers for surveillance?
4 How will the recapture program be designed?
5 What types of gear will they have available
6 to use?
7 And what types of methods will be employed to
8 reduce gear-size selectivity?
9 And, ultimately, what's going to happen in
10 the event of an emergency drain dam protocol where
11 the levels drop significantly?
12 And we would also request that BC Hydro
13 include estimated fish mortality from stranding in
14 population estimate modelling.
15 I will now turn to slide 12. And here we
16 note riparian or stream-side vegetation. And we
17 note that in the EIS guidelines, at Section 10.2.4,
18 in the subheading potential effects of the project
19 and proposed mitigation. The EIS will identify and
20 describe the aquatic and riparian habitat in
21 fisheries resources expected to be impacted by the
22 project.
23 And that may be found at hard copy page 52 of
24 the EIS guidelines.
25 And I would now like to ask Alyssa to provide
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1 some further information in relation to impacts of
2 the project on riparian vegetation.
3
4 Presentation by Ms. Alyssa Murdoch, Saulteau First
5 Nations:
6 MS. ALYSSA MURDOCH: Thank you, Jesse.
7 So my name is Alyssa Murdoch, as you were
8 already introduced. That's spelled A-l-y-s-s-a,
9 M-u-r-d-o-c-h.
10 So I'm going to speak a little bit about
11 riparian vegetation. It's a stream-side
12 vegetation, and it's an important component of the
13 aquatic environment because it provides nutrients
14 and food inputs, such as (indiscernible). It also
15 provides overhanging vegetation and woody debris
16 that enters the water and this serves as protective
17 cover for juvenile and adult fish. And it also
18 provides shading.
19 And the issue at-hand is that the conversion
20 of the Peace River into a reservoir will promote
21 the loss of a large area of existing, established
22 riverine stream-side vegetation. And in addition,
23 the regular water level fluctuations will reduce
24 the function of the new --
25 THE CHAIRMAN: Ms. Murdoch, could I
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1 interrupt you. It's Harry Swain. Can you slow
2 down just a bit, please.
3 MS. ALYSSA MURDOCH: Oh, yes.
4 THE CHAIRMAN: You're being transcribed.
5 MS. ALYSSA MURDOCH: Okay. So -- do you want me
6 to start over, or should I just continue from
7 there?
8 THE CHAIRMAN: No, carry on.
9 MS. ALYSSA MURDOCH: Okay. So the regular water
10 level fluctuations will reduce the function of new
11 reservoir riparian vegetation, as it will be
12 difficult for new plants to become fully
13 established, as the shoreline is constantly
14 fluctuating day-to-day.
15 So in the Environmental Impact Statement,
16 there is thorough assessment of the riparian
17 habitat loss along the river, or how functional the
18 new waterline will be on the reservoir.
19 So the new shoreline vegetation surrounding
20 the reservoir will have a lower influence on the
21 watershed for two different reasons.
22 So, first of all, the change from a river to
23 a reservoir will reduce the shoreline length
24 relative to the total surface area of the water.
25 That's the first reason.
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1 And then, second, the changing shoreline due
2 to water fluctuations will reduce the successful
3 establishment of plants, which will, in turn,
4 reduce food and nutrient inputs, and fish
5 protective cover and shading.
6 So I'm going to move now to slide 13, where
7 we outline our key recommendations for this
8 component.
9 So we think that:
10 - BC Hydro should provide an estimate of
11 the quality and quantity of predicted riparian
12 habitat loss.
13 - And that this should involve an
14 analytical discussion of how the new riparian
15 habitat with the constantly fluctuating water level
16 will be able to provide protective cover and shade
17 and food and nutrient input to fish relative to the
18 existing established stream-side vegetation.
19 - And we indicate that they should --
20 this is a requirement in order to develop the
21 fisheries productivity offsetting plan. So it
22 should be included into this so that it can be
23 incorporated into any sort of stream enhancement or
24 creation activities that are proposed.
25 Okay. And now I'll give it back to Jesse for
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1 the conclusions.
2
3 Continued presentation by Mr. Jesse McCormick, Saulteau
4 First Nations:
5 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Thank you, Alyssa.
6 Looking now at slide 14, you see here are our
7 main conclusions.
8 Despite the large array of documentation that
9 has been supplied by BC Hydro, there still remains
10 a substantial amount of uncertainty in the
11 assessment. We account that to the fact that there
12 are some legitimate unknown information.
13 There are some unrealistic model assumptions,
14 and there's a lack of transparency in some
15 respects.
16 As indicated by the EIS, future research and
17 adaptive management and monitoring programs will
18 strive to provide new information to best inform
19 management practices of local fisheries.
20 However, increased transparency and
21 development of model assumptions will allow a much
22 more effective assessment of future biological
23 conditions in the reservoir and the Moberly River.
24 In particular, future bull trout and Arctic
25 grayling productivity largely hinges on the
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1 accuracy of model assumptions and parameter
2 sensitivity.
3 I'll note that again:
4 Future bull trout and Arctic grayling
5 productivity largely hinges on the accuracy of
6 model assumptions and parameter sensitivity.
7 The information we're receiving from these
8 models is used to inform the mitigation measures
9 and to the degree that the models are deficient,
10 and their analysis is deficient, there's a
11 possibility that the mitigation measures will be as
12 well.
13 So bull trout projections are, as presented
14 by BC Hydro, currently meet population level
15 conservation objectives. However, there's a range
16 of unrealistic and unsupportable detail included in
17 the model, which led to the optimistic conclusion.
18 The sustainability of Moberly River Arctic
19 grayling seems unpredictable and arguably unlikely,
20 even if a rigorous trap and haul mitigation program
21 is implemented.
22 Considering this, future research programs
23 and proposed productivity offsetting should focus
24 on the viability of maintaining this fishery and/or
25 compensating for productivity elsewhere.
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1 Turning now to slide 15, we see a list of
2 recommendations. It's a summary of much of the
3 information that's already been provided, with a
4 little bit more detail throughout this
5 presentation.
6 The panel may recall that during the
7 presentation by the Department of Fisheries and
8 Oceans, I had the opportunity to ask the department
9 whether they believed that there would be room for
10 improvement in the analyses that were conducted by
11 BC Hydro, and they did confirm that in the view of
12 the Department of Fisheries and Oceans there is
13 room for improvement in this analysis.
14 And for ease of reference, that confirmation
15 may be found at pages 250 and 251 of the
16 transcript, Volume 19.
17 So the following slides offer recommendations
18 for improvements and we'd invite the panel to
19 consider them and include them in your final
20 report.
21 I won't go through all of them for the sake
22 of time; however, I'd like to highlight the first
23 two for your consideration. Those being: BC Hydro
24 should develop an offsetting plan to address the
25 potential effects on Arctic grayling, bull trout,
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1 and mountain whitefish productivity.
2 And, two, Saulteau First Nations' priorities,
3 including fish species of concern in local habitats
4 should be considered during offsetting plan
5 development.
6 And you'll see here the collection of
7 recommendations that we would like you to
8 consider -- and we have those available for you on
9 the record for review. We'd be happy to answer any
10 questions you may have.
11 I will note that this is the last
12 presentation of Saulteau First Nations before the
13 panel. And we will be leaving pleased to have had
14 the opportunity to present before the panel.
15 I would like to acknowledge the courtesy that
16 is characterized in these proceedings and offer our
17 gratitude to the panel's Secretariat for their
18 tireless efforts to keep these rolling, and all the
19 efforts they have made to ensure that Saulteau
20 First Nations' participation has been facilitated.
21 And subject to any questions you may have, we
22 wish you well in your deliberations.
23 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Mr. McCormick.
24 I think we should go directly to BC Hydro.
25
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1 Comments by Mr. Brent Mossop, BC Hydro:
2 MR. BRENT MOSSOP: Thank you, Mr. Chair, we'll
3 respond to the four items raised.
4 With respect to fisheries productivity and
5 offsetting, we expect an overall increase in
6 fisheries productivity as measured by the increase
7 in total biomass of fish species that are
8 harvested, but with a change in species
9 composition.
10 For species harvested by Saulteau First
11 Nations, we expect an increase in rainbow trout,
12 bull trout, burbot, sucker species, and northern
13 pike, and a decline in Arctic grayling and mountain
14 whitefish.
15 An offsetting plan referred to here is a
16 specific component under the process for the
17 Fisheries Act authorization should the project
18 proceed to that stage. We've outlined the
19 framework for this plan in the follow-up response
20 to Joint Review Panel information request number
21 78.
22 As one component during operations, we
23 propose a compensation fund that would follow an
24 adaptive approach to habitat compensation, or
25 offsetting, coordinated with directed monitoring of
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1 the response of the aquatic ecosystem.
2 We have an understanding of the habitat
3 enhancement opportunities in the Peace River,
4 Site C, reservoir, and tributaries. For species of
5 interest to Saulteau First Nation, such as Arctic
6 grayling, the recommendations that Saulteau
7 presented are consistent with our proposed
8 approach.
9 We understand there are opportunities to
10 support information collection, research,
11 enhancement, and monitoring of Arctic grayling in
12 watersheds where they reside such as the Moberly,
13 Halfway, Pine, and Beatton watershed.
14 For an example of the types of enhancement
15 opportunities, we understand that fish movement,
16 past road crossings is a concern in some
17 watersheds, and is a priority opportunity for
18 enhancement that has been identified by the
19 Province.
20 These are the types of opportunities that can
21 be implemented over the longer term.
22 So we look forward to continuing to work with
23 Saulteau First Nations to get their input on
24 enhancement opportunities, priorities, and
25 opportunities to engage Saulteau technicians in
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1 this work.
2 With respect to Saulteau's comments on fish
3 stranding during construction, Section 12.4.3.2 and
4 12.5.2.1 of the EIS fully characterize the
5 increased range of water level fluctuations, the
6 potential effects on fish health and survival, and
7 prescribe a program of fish surveillance, salvage,
8 and fishery location to mitigate the residual
9 effects of stranding during construction.
10 A concern raised is that the surveillance and
11 relocation measures may miss small fish and be less
12 effective in some habitats.
13 BC Hydro has over a decade -- has for over a
14 decade conducted surveillance and relocation
15 measures at major facilities throughout the
16 Province.
17 Informed by ongoing operational monitoring,
18 these proven mitigation measures are customized to
19 the facility-specific hydrology, fish habitat, and
20 fish life history attributes to maximize
21 effectiveness. The same approach will be taken at
22 Site C.
23 Third, Saulteau First Nation raised concerns
24 with riparian vegetation around the reservoir.
25 Riparian vegetation is a transition zone between
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1 aquatic and terrestrial environments. The effects
2 on which are described in Volume 2, Section 13.4,
3 and in Appendix R.
4 Attributes of fish habitat in the proposed
5 reservoir such as riparian vegetation were
6 integrated into predicted changes in the biomass of
7 each fish species using multiple lines of evidence,
8 which were then integrated into an ecosystem model
9 as described previously.
10 As a point of clarification, riparian
11 vegetation is most important for fish along small
12 streams where its shade prevents rapid warming
13 during the hot summer days.
14 In the reservoir, the large volume of water
15 results in much slower warming so would not exceed
16 the normal temperature range of cold water fish
17 species such as rainbow trout or bull trout.
18 Riparian vegetation in streams also provides
19 woody debris and cover for fish, but in a
20 reservoir; fish use deep areas for cover, often
21 avoiding the shallow areas during the daytime. And
22 moving into the shallows or near-surface habitats
23 at night to forge.
24 Riparian vegetation in streams also provides
25 a food source of terrestrial insects that fall into
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1 the water and are eaten by fish; whereas in a lake
2 or reservoir, the food comes primarily -- pardon
3 me -- the food comes from primary and secondary
4 production, including zooplankton and benthic
5 invertebrates and not dependent on riparian
6 sources.
7 Despite the more limited role of riparian
8 vegetation for fish in a reservoir, BC Hydro has
9 provided mitigation measures for riparian
10 vegetation that will include planting a 15-metre
11 riparian buffer at BC Hydro-owned farmland, lacking
12 vegetation around the reservoir to provide riparian
13 habitat and bank stabilization.
14 And I will turn to Mr. Marmorek.
15 MR. DAVID MARMOREK: With respect to the
16 Saulteau's comments on fish population modelling in
17 Volume 2, Appendix Q2, none of the changes or
18 supplemental modelling that they suggested would
19 affect the key conclusions of the EIS regarding the
20 effects of passage and reservoir creation on bull
21 trout, Arctic grayling, mountain whitefish, or
22 kokanee, as described on page 12-65 of the EIS.
23 I'll discuss below each of the four modelling
24 issues raised by the Saulteau First Nation.
25 One, model structure and assumptions. The
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1 structure and assumptions of the single species
2 models in Appendix Q3 were reviewed at three
3 workshops involving representatives from DFO,
4 Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, and
5 the BC Ministry of Environment, and were later
6 independently reviewed by Dr. Josh Korman.
7 Page 12 of DFO's submission, CEAR 1909,
8 concurred with the conclusions of the modelling in
9 Appendix Q3.
10 Given the uncertainties inherent in the
11 response of fish populations, BC Hydro has provided
12 follow-up monitoring to verify predictions and
13 guide future mitigation actions.
14 Two, the Arctic grayling model assumptions.
15 Saulteau First Nations questioned the validity of
16 using an assumed 1,000 recruits per spawner for the
17 Arctic grayling model in Appendix Q3. This was an
18 undertaking for DFO on January 13th, undertaking
19 53, which was just submitted today by DFO to the
20 record.
21 First, to clarify. The Arctic grayling model
22 did not use 1,000 recruits per spawner. 1,000 was
23 a fixed number of age-1 juvenile recruits. The
24 intent of the single species model for Arctic
25 grayling that spawn in the Moberly River was to
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1 inform the relative assessment of alternative fish
2 passage mitigation measures.
3 The model calculated a suite of biological
4 performance measures under several alternative fish
5 passage mitigation measures, and alternative
6 hypotheses about the behaviour of the Arctic
7 grayling population.
8 There was insufficient empirical information
9 available in the literature on the shape of stock
10 recruit curves for Arctic grayling; that is, how
11 the number of juveniles changes as a function of
12 the number of spawners.
13 Therefore, the model was simplified to assume
14 fixed recruitment of juveniles and then apply to
15 examine how much mortality occurred between the
16 juvenile stage and the spawning stage under
17 different passage assumptions.
18 We used a fixed number of 1,000 juvenile
19 recruits. This value was simply a scaling factor.
20 It could have been set to 100 or even to one.
21 The model results are reported as a relative
22 measure, the percentage of the pre-project
23 population. And are, therefore, not sensitive to
24 the assumption of the number of juvenile recruits.
25 In summary, the structure of the Arctic
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1 grayling model incorporated as much population
2 dynamics is as scientifically defensible, given the
3 limited available information.
4 The above explanation is essentially
5 identical to the response provided today by DFO to
6 undertaking 53, which was developed entirely
7 independently.
8 The Saulteau recommend sensitivity analyses
9 and prediction uncertainty bounds. Appendix Q3, in
10 fact, included sensitivity analyses using
11 alternative assumptions for key uncertainties in
12 fish behaviour that were identified by workshop
13 participants and model authors and were
14 subsequently peer-reviewed.
15 The EIS conclusions were robust to the range
16 of assumptions for these uncertainties.
17 Three, the form of stock recruitment
18 modelled. A change from Beverton-Holt to Ricker
19 functions was previously addressed by Mr. McCormick
20 on January 13th to Dr. Mike Bradford of DFO. And
21 Dr. Bradford responded that the Beverton-Holt
22 function is appropriate for bull trout.
23 Four, the use of secondary risk
24 based-modelling approaches. The approach suggested
25 by the consultants to the Saulteau, Staples et al
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1 2005, is concerned with the design and analysis of
2 monitoring program data. While such an approach
3 could be applied to post-project monitoring data,
4 it is not appropriate to the pre-project EIS stage.
5 Thank you.
6 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. I can hardly wait
7 to hear Hydro's summary of the last two days as we
8 get through the life history of fishes and moose
9 dynamics and all kinds of stuff, but I think the
10 issue may settle down to the subject that we had an
11 exhaustive briefing on from Mr. Lidstone last
12 night.
13 The effect that there are limits to what we
14 can know, or predict, and we need some kind of
15 ongoing monitoring mechanism and some institutional
16 basis for doing it. Fort St. John was suggesting
17 that they would like to have that. They didn't
18 seem to be averse to expanding their focus or
19 expending the participants on such a process.
20 So my question to you, Mr. McCormack is
21 whether Saulteau First Nation would be interested
22 in taking part in a monitoring mechanism yet to be
23 designed.
24 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Thank you for the question,
25 Mr. Chairman.
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1 The recommendations do include the future
2 participation of Saulteau First Nations and
3 compensation measures and I believe mitigation
4 measure development, as well, if the project were
5 to go forward, we would certainly --
6 THE CHAIRMAN: I'm thinking of this
7 specifically in the a context where the numerous
8 communities in the Peace River Valley would work
9 together with Hydro and other agencies under some
10 kind of monitor who could help people make
11 decisions and get on with things.
12 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: The --
13 THE CHAIRMAN: What I'm troubled with is the
14 idea that we're going to wind up with 30 monitoring
15 mechanisms or something.
16 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: No, certainly. And I'm not
17 in a position to offer any recommendations on
18 particular structures that might be implemented.
19 The only thing that Saulteau First Nations would
20 want to see is the meaningful engagement and
21 participation of Saulteau First Nations in the
22 development and identification of those mitigation
23 measures.
24 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you. That's
25 helpful.
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1 Any questions?
2 Are there questions from the floor?
3 We know all we need to know about the life
4 history of arctic grayling and so on? Okay.
5 In that case, I would turn to Hydro for their
6 summary reflections of the last -- their reflection
7 upon the last couple days.
8 MR. JESSE McCORMICK: Thank you, panel members.
9
10 Closing comments by BC Hydro:
11 MS. SUSAN YURKOVICH: Thank you, Mr. Chair.
12 And as you have accurately noted, we have
13 covered a lot of waterfront. And while my remarks
14 this morning were very brief, I do want to make
15 sure that we reflect what we have heard over the
16 last couple of days. So, please, I beg your
17 indulgence to cover that material now.
18 So we started with Mr. Baker yesterday. He
19 provided us with an overview of the process of
20 mercury methylation and the links to human health.
21 Health Canada provided us with a presentation
22 commenting on our BC Hydro's Human Health
23 Assessment, particularly, as it related to that
24 topic.
25 I would note that BC Hydro conducted its
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1 health assessment in accordance with Health
2 Canada's guidance and in accordance with the EIS
3 guidelines that were scoped to be consistent with
4 the requirements applicable to this project and
5 these baseline conditions.
6 We have also heard about the perception of
7 levels of methylmercury in fish. And we have
8 proposed a collaborative data-gathering approach
9 and communications program moving forward.
10 We appreciate that Health Canada has endorsed
11 that idea of a stronger communications plan, and
12 agrees that BC Hydro should work with all levels of
13 government to communicate information to Aboriginal
14 peoples, and to develop an effective monitoring
15 program.
16 We will do this, and any new information will
17 be available to the Aboriginal communities to make
18 sure that they have good data on fish consumption,
19 as well as to the population as a whole.
20 Health Canada also had comments on drinking
21 water, and raised the issue of uncertainty about
22 whether any ground or surface water sources, used
23 by Aboriginal communities, may experience changes
24 during reservoir filling due to the need to keep
25 private well information confidential.
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1 We can, however, confirm that these wells are
2 not those relied on by the First Nations. The
3 closest community is, in fact, the Saulteau First
4 Nations, approximately 10 kilometres over land
5 south of the proposed reservoir.
6 Saulteau's community wells and water
7 reservoirs are -- would be too far to be impacted
8 and to experience any adverse effects.
9 I believe that Madam Beaudet requested
10 yesterday a copy of the Health Canada 1989 document
11 that documented the reaction of a people to noise
12 to which Health Canada committed to provide a
13 current draft.
14 BC Hydro would like to clarify that a 2011
15 version of the Health Canada draft guidance was
16 used for Appendix M, the technical data report on
17 noise and vibration.
18 The Health Canada draft guidance was used in
19 the technical study, and in the EIS in Section 33
20 on health to define noise sensitive receptors so
21 that the potential effects from noise were
22 considered at the appropriate locations.
23 We then had a presentation from Ms. Nelson on
24 behalf of the Treaty 8 Tribal Association. She
25 discussed the challenges of accessing and dealing
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1 with increased demand for community services.
2 BC Hydro has not had the opportunity to
3 discuss mitigation measures with Treaty 8 on these,
4 but we are committed to having those discussions
5 when Treaty 8 Tribal Association is ready to do so.
6 And then we had a joint presentation from the
7 Treaty 8 Tribal Association, Peace Valley
8 landowners, Peace Valley environmental and Y2Y, who
9 together made a presentation on an alternate vision
10 for the Peace River Valley.
11 Our flood reserve technical memo describes
12 the current vision of the Province in the form of
13 the two land and resource management plans that
14 cover the project activity zone in explicit
15 consideration of the potential development of the
16 Site C project. This was used where appropriate to
17 understand the likely future of the Peace River
18 Valley without the project in the EIS.
19 We had a presentation from panel from
20 Saulteau First Nations who discussed the potential
21 social impacts from development and then provided a
22 list of ten potential mitigation measures. Many of
23 those described were directed to federal and
24 provincial governments, but there were also areas
25 where Saulteau First Nations believes that BC Hydro
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1 could participate. We look forward to continuing
2 our discussion with Saulteau towards an impact
3 benefits agreement and discussing the options with
4 them.
5 Ms. Darvill presented on her Master's thesis
6 on ecosystem hotspots. Ms. Darvill has suggested
7 that cultural ecosystem services should be
8 considered, and I would note that many of the
9 sections of the EIS present information related to
10 the topics that she raised.
11 In the afternoon and evening, we had a series
12 of presentations from City of Fort St. John. There
13 are a number of things that I would like to
14 address. They are not necessarily in the order of
15 how they were presented.
16 Mr. Dumbrell presented first on the topic of
17 population and labour forecast. Our assessment of
18 future housing with us developed in consideration
19 of the city's official community plan, the city's
20 development map and with discussion with staff.
21 The current city's OCP anticipates a growth of 8 to
22 10,000 people in the next 10 years, and 20 to
23 30,000 in the next 25.
24 This is much greater than what BC Hydro and
25 BC Stats includes in its base case population
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1 projections.
2 The official community plan states that the
3 community has adequate land resources to support
4 this growth for the foreseeable future.
5 As population grows, the city will, quote:
6
7 "Will focus on infill
8 opportunities and densification
9 within our existing service
10 boundaries."
11
12 But we do also understand that there is a
13 boundary extension process under way.
14 According to BC Stats, a population forecast,
15 the project will advance by about two to
16 three years, the need for services, and will have a
17 negligible effect once the project is operational.
18 We do appreciate the work, the considerable
19 work, that the city has done to outline the
20 community needs for their future.
21 We have heard their concern about their
22 ability to pay for future population growth, and
23 understand that while the project is located
24 outside their current boundaries, it is adjacent to
25 the city.
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1 For these reasons, we have made a proposal to
2 provide a financial contribution to the city in
3 addition to other mitigation measures.
4 A tax-based proposal was one that was made
5 because it provides consistency and transparency
6 for how industry contributes to local government
7 revenue.
8 We have been unable to find a similar
9 mechanism to the financial impact model proposed by
10 the city for a single project proponent. However,
11 we remain optimistic that we can work
12 collaboratively to find a model that can address
13 the city's concerns in a way that also meets the
14 needs of BC Hydro to do so in a way that is
15 transparent and consistent or comparable with how
16 other industrial entities contribute to local
17 government revenue.
18 Councillor Bolin made a presentation with
19 respect to housing. He expressed concern that
20 BC Hydro should be doing more to mitigate the
21 potential effects on the housing market.
22 We've noted previously that our camp will be
23 planned to provide a bed for each worker, and we
24 will have our contractors on shift arrangements,
25 which will be discussed with the city, and believe
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1 the absence of a living-out allowance will create a
2 strong, financial, inducement for workers to use
3 camp or temporary accommodations.
4 In partnership with BC housing, we have all
5 proposed to fund 50 new housing units within the
6 city, and will be providing funds for non-profit
7 emergency and transitional housing.
8 The city has expressed a concern about
9 managing the pressure on the local rental market.
10 We believe the use of camps and the preparation for
11 up-scaling them, as required and the provision of
12 the 50 additional housing units will substantially
13 mitigate some of that demand, but we also have
14 proposed to monitor the rental housing market, and
15 to understand BC Hydro's influence on that market,
16 and, if necessary, take other measures.
17 Finally, with respect to housing, the city
18 requested an update on our status of our agreement
19 with BC housing, and we have signed a letter of
20 intent with them, which enables them to advance the
21 planning on these units, and they will do that with
22 input from the city.
23 We had a presentation from Mr. Donnelly on
24 transportation, and, as he noted, BC Hydro is
25 collaborating with the city, its consultants, and
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1 the Ministry in developing a City of Fort St. John
2 traffic monitoring and mitigation plan, or TMMP.
3 It will include traffic volume and road safety
4 monitoring activities that would take place leading
5 up to construction of dam, and during construction.
6 The TMMP states that actual transportation
7 conditions will be assessed during the construction
8 period, and that unforeseen impacts will be
9 adequately addressed on an ongoing and timely basis
10 during construction. And we will be working with
11 the city to finalize this plan.
12 Just briefly, on the water system, Mr. Coxon
13 and Mr. Watterson made a presentation on the city's
14 water system, and, as they indicated, BC Hydro and
15 the city have worked to an agreed and appropriate
16 monitoring program for the water supply system,
17 including BC Hydro's implementation of a surface
18 water quality monitoring program that will align
19 with the ongoing City of Fort St. John water supply
20 monitoring they already undertake.
21 And I think, importantly, if adverse effects
22 are identified due to the project, BC Hydro would
23 be responsible for undertaking the appropriate
24 mitigation.
25 Ms. Hunter presented on the city's concerns
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1 with respect to RCMP resources. We have met with
2 the Ministry of Justice, the city, and the RCMP to
3 discuss policing resources.
4 As we mentioned yesterday, the Ministry's
5 recommendation was the embedding of an officer into
6 the project to be able to accurately evaluate the
7 project impacts, and to provide advice to us about
8 responsible management around safety and security,
9 both of our camp and our project as a whole.
10 We believe this is a sensible approach, and
11 we have agreed to fund and to support the officer
12 in this planning.
13 We will also be providing direct funding
14 under agreement with the Ministry of Justice to
15 increase police resources in the region, once the
16 appropriate complement is determined.
17 We heard from Mr. Lidstone about the
18 potential effects of the project to the city. Now,
19 he noted that they were unique because there were
20 no federal or provincial government agency to
21 oversee monitoring.
22 As we understand the city's position, it has
23 requested an independent monitoring body with
24 powers to ensure mitigation is performed and to be
25 able to draw on a reserve fund.
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1 Mr. Chair, we'll say more about this in our
2 argument, our final argument, but as per your
3 request of last evening, we would like to provide
4 some comments now, if we may.
5 Mr. Lidstone has suggested that the 1983
6 monitoring program, recommended by the BCUC, should
7 be used as the model for overseeing the potential
8 effects to the city.
9 In 1983, the Utilities Commission created the
10 monitoring program under Section 25.1 of the
11 Utilities Commission Act in force at the time,
12 which gave the lieutenant governor and council the
13 authority to empower a person to enforce conditions
14 of an order or certificate and to add to those
15 conditions.
16 Neither the BCEA Act or the CEAA Act were in
17 place at the time. And Section 25.1 of the
18 Utilities Commission Act has since been repealed.
19 As I'm sure you know, this process of today is
20 being conducted under very different legislation
21 schemes than in 1983.
22 Therefore, it can't be assumed that the same
23 monitoring program that was recommended in 1983
24 under a different Act can or should be implemented
25 today.
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1 Mr. Lidstone also stated that the potential
2 effects to the city would not be subject to
3 regulatory oversight, and suggested that mitigation
4 may not occur. We are somewhat perplexed by this
5 remark.
6 Under both the BCEA Act and CEAA 2012, there
7 is a clear mechanism in place for monitoring and
8 enforcement.
9 The environmental assessment office explained
10 this in its letter of October 2nd, 2013 to the
11 Peace River Regional District.
12 I would note that, as part of its submission,
13 the city filed two audit reports of the EAO
14 oversight of certified projects, and I would just
15 like to point a couple of things out from that
16 second audit of 2012.
17 First, the EAO complied with the auditor's
18 request to clarify post-certification monitoring
19 responsibilities --
20 (Stenographer requests speaker to slow
21 speaking speed).
22 Sorry, Nancy. Sorry.
23 First, the EAO complied with the auditor's
24 request to clarify post-certification monitoring
25 responsibilities and compliance mechanisms.
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1 Second, the EAO now develops a compliance
2 management plan for each EA process.
3 And third, a component of the EAO compliance
4 and enforcement program is oversight of proponent
5 self-monitoring and compliance inspections. We
6 are, therefore, a bit puzzled by the submission
7 that there would be no body overseeing monitoring
8 and effects to the city.
9 Between the EAO and the permitting agencies,
10 there is a comprehensive scheme of regulation and
11 enforcement, and, in our view, another institution
12 is not required.
13 Mr. Lidstone also suggested three mechanisms
14 by which monitoring could be structured.
15 The first was through Section 33 of the BC
16 Environmental Assessment Act. We don't agree that
17 that section actually provides the authority to set
18 up a monitoring body, and we will say more about
19 that in our final argument.
20 The second mechanism suggested was to --
21 marrying together a number of sections under the
22 Utilities Commission Act.
23 While Mr. Lidstone did not specify what
24 sections he was referring to, and we do not see any
25 sections which would give the commission the -- we
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1 don't see any sections that would give the
2 commission the necessary powers, it would be
3 surprising, then, to result -- it would be a
4 surprising result to use the Utilities Commission
5 Act to monitor and enforce the terms of a
6 certificate granted under a different statute.
7 And the third suggestion, Mr. Lidstone
8 suggested is by way of an agreement. And as we've
9 stated, we are in favour of entering into an
10 agreement with the city, and those negotiations are
11 ongoing. And we continue to be optimistic that we
12 can achieve an agreement that would be set out in a
13 formal document.
14 Finally, with respect to the eight issues
15 that were listed as those that would require an
16 enforcement mechanism to apply, the topics that
17 were raised in relation are fairly narrow in
18 relation to the broad EIS. And already have the
19 involvement and oversight of existing institution.
20 I'll quickly just to -- policing, a decision
21 on the incremental funding of policing resources
22 will be determined by the Ministry of Justice, but
23 we have agreed, as I said, to fund the planning and
24 incremental resources.
25 For 85th Avenue, reclamation, the site is
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1 currently in the Peace River Regional District.
2 And as again, we have noted, we have provided a
3 site mitigation plan and have proposed to develop a
4 site to have -- the jurisdiction develop a site
5 master plan that would guide the final grades and
6 replacement of internal roads and power lines,
7 et cetera.
8 Traffic management and mitigations, MOTI, is
9 the appropriate agency to review these plans.
10 As far as number four: housing. Units built
11 by BC housing and BC Hydro would be permitted by
12 the city and in accordance with BC building codes.
13 For air quality, BC Ministry of Environment
14 provides air quality management objectives that
15 BC Hydro has to propose to follow in its management
16 plan. For microclimate, there are no identified
17 effects on the city.
18 For water supply, as we noted, we have a
19 draft agreement on the respective roles and
20 monitoring. And if adverse impacts are noted, we
21 will be responsible for mitigation.
22 And, finally, the direct financial
23 contribution. There is a difference in -- we still
24 have a difference -- this is a subject to
25 negotiation, and when we reach an agreement, as I
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1 am hopeful we will, it will be in a formal document
2 that we would abide by.
3 We recognize that the establishment of a
4 monitoring program is a priority for the city, and
5 others. And as set out on page 5 of our proposal,
6 we have committed to create a community liaison
7 committee that would meet monthly or as-required
8 throughout the project's construction phase to
9 review progress about -- of the project and to
10 discuss any associated community issues and
11 interests.
12 This committee could review -- have regular
13 updates about construction, construction
14 scheduling, up-coming activities. It could
15 represent the local community in terms of bringing
16 forward concerns and interests as they arise.
17 Could work with the construction team and other
18 members, to identify and discuss project associated
19 community interests and issues. And to seek
20 solutions to review reports on mitigation and
21 follow-up programs, specified in the conditions of
22 the provincial EA and federal decision statement.
23 And to review information and development and
24 implementation of environmental management plans
25 and monitoring reports through those EMPs
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1 As indicated on page 6 of our proposal to the
2 city, again, we would set out these in a legally --
3 an agreement between city and BC Hydro would be
4 legally-binding.
5 And we do also support the request for a
6 dispute resolution mechanism, and suggest that that
7 could be included in that agreement.
8 So BC Hydro has concluded agreements -- I
9 would just say that we have concluded agreements
10 with other communities, and we remain hopeful that
11 we can also do so with Fort St. John to resolve any
12 remaining details on mitigation and monitoring and
13 to reach a formal agreement.
14 Finally, I would just say that we believe the
15 Joint Review Panel should have confidence that
16 BC Hydro will live up to its commitments and legal
17 obligations. And it can and should have confidence
18 in the existing legal and regulatory regime to
19 ensure that that is the case.
20 We finished last night with a presentation
21 from Mr. Whiten, and appreciate the historical
22 perspective he brings, and we note the strong role
23 played by the provincial government in some of the
24 planning initiatives that he discussed.
25 This morning, we began with a presentation
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1 from Kwadacha's legal counsel regarding concerns
2 about price of regional goods and services.
3 Given the distance of the Kwadacha community
4 from the project and its primary reliance on Prince
5 George, at the Prince George market, we would
6 expect -- we would not expect a large degree of
7 overlap between the project and Fort Ware's demand
8 for services.
9 BC Hydro's measures to encourage local
10 contractor participation in the project may also be
11 expected to lead to an increase in local contractor
12 capacity as industry grows to meet demand.
13 And we are committed to working with Kwadacha
14 to participate in trades, training for Kwadacha
15 members, in addition to the training initiatives
16 that we have already discussed, there's a
17 newly-established heavy-duty equipment operator
18 course that's offered through the College of New
19 Caledonia in Mackenzie.
20 Dr. Badenhorst described the boom and bust
21 cycles, and their impact on communities. Northeast
22 BC, even with the project, is not forecast for a
23 decline --
24 Sorry.
25 As the project construction phase slows,
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1 forecast growth in other sectors continues,
2 resulting in a transition of opportunities from the
3 project to these sectors at the end of
4 construction.
5 We agree that we play a key role -- we have a
6 key role to play in helping communities to plan and
7 to prepare for both the onset and the
8 demobilization project.
9 We appreciate the input and plans and
10 policies of Northern Health, and we very much
11 welcome the suggestion to be part of a forum to
12 work with other industries and the Northern Health
13 to address some of the important issues that
14 Dr. Badenhorst raised today.
15 Ms. Gagnon from the Fort St. John development
16 centre provided a presentation of the really
17 valuable work that they do in this community and
18 the pressures they are experiencing. We have heard
19 these pressures and concerns from other non-profit
20 organization.
21 Ms. Gagnon has requested more formal
22 discussions with BC Hydro to plan and to prepare
23 for the potential impacts of Site C.
24 We greatly appreciate her willingness to
25 continue our engagement, and we had the opportunity
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1 to discuss a couple of option at the break. We
2 look forward to our next meeting with her and her
3 team.
4 Representatives from Forests, Lands and
5 Natural Resources were present to address tourism,
6 and also to answer questions. I won't summarize
7 the questions, but on the tourism, I would note
8 that BC Hydro will continue to support regional
9 tourism through our existing visitor centres,
10 including the Bennett Dam, which has about 10,000
11 visitors each year.
12 In addition, too, we have committed to
13 maintenance of boat launches and recreational and
14 new RV sites, which we believe will benefit the
15 recreational vehicle travellers that Ms. Davis
16 noted were an important part of tourism in this
17 region.
18 During construction, we anticipate that the
19 unique opportunity to view a large dam under
20 construction may also attract niche tourists, and
21 we are providing safe viewpoints to support that
22 interest.
23 And, finally, we have proposed to support
24 local area museums, who also have an important role
25 to play in tourism. There are several in area that
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1 provide interpretive opportunities related to the
2 fur trade. These include the North Peace museum in
3 Fort St. John, Hudson's Hope historical society,
4 and replica historic Rocky Mountain Fort dedicated
5 to the original northwest company fort founded in
6 1796 that exist at the Peace Island Park in Taylor.
7 Mr. Churchill shared his passion for the
8 valley and the region and the many ways this place
9 is special to his family. We understand that his
10 personal attachment to the valley is strong, and he
11 does not wish to see this project proceed.
12 I would just like to make a brief comment
13 with respect to consultation. I believe our
14 consultation efforts have been extensive and we
15 sought early input. Many of the staff and the
16 experts that are here were those that attended
17 those consultations because we believed it was
18 important for those who were responsible for the
19 project design and assessment to be directly
20 engaged in the consultation process.
21 Dr. Ciruna from Forests, Lands and Natural
22 Resource Operations presented to us about the
23 Dawson Creek operational trial for cumulative
24 effects. This process provides a mechanism for
25 policy objectives and management at a regional
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1 scale, and was described as a separate, but
2 complimentary, to project level assessments.
3 When completed, we feel this work will prove
4 very useful for BC Hydro and for other proponents
5 in the implementation of mitigation measures guided
6 by regional policy objectives --
7 THE CHAIRMAN: Excuse me, would you leave
8 those doors alone, please, until we are finished.
9 MS. YURKOVICH: Guided by regional policy
10 objectives and management development by the
11 Province in consideration of regional cumulative
12 effects.
13 And, finally, we heard from Mr. Thompson's
14 concerns regarding potential weather impacts in the
15 Fort St. John -- as Mr. Lundgren discussed in some
16 detail at the atmospheric topic session earlier in
17 these hearings, any changes to microclimate at the
18 airport will not be statistically significant; as
19 an upper limit, there might be change in fog at the
20 airport of seven hours per year. For this reason,
21 we did not propose mitigation measures to address
22 fog at the airport.
23 I would like to confirm that our approach and
24 our preliminary results of our assessment were
25 reviewed by Grant Youngson, senior air specialist
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1 at Transport Canada, who considered the approach
2 taken to be appropriate.
3 Thank you, panel, and thank you for your
4 indulgence. It's been a very busy two days.
5 THE CHAIRMAN: It has indeed. Thank you
6 very much.
7 The panel, the whole show, goes to Blueberry
8 River tomorrow, and we'll be back here on Thursday
9 for, what promises to be, an interesting session on
10 the need, purpose, and alternatives to the project.
11 So for those of you who are going to be here
12 on Thursday, maybe we'll see you at 9 o'clock.
13 Thank you very much.
14 Just so everyone knows, there is a special
15 presentation by Treaty 8, which is what was going
16 on behind the walls there, they are going to open
17 the walls, and then you are most welcome to turn
18 your chairs around and watch what should be quite
19 an interesting performance.
20
21 (Proceedings adjourned at 5:20 p.m.)
22 (Performance by Treaty 8 First Nations entitled:
23 "Dreamer's Prophecy")
24
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1 REPORTER'S CERTIFICATION
2
3 I, Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A), Official
4 Realtime Reporter in the Provinces of British Columbia
5 and Alberta, Canada, do hereby certify:
6
7 That the proceedings were taken down by me in
8 shorthand at the time and place herein set forth and
9 thereafter transcribed, and the same is a true and
10 correct and complete transcript of said proceedings to
11 the best of my skill and ability.
12
13 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed
14 my name this 23rd day of January, 2013.
15
16
17
18 ______
19 Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A)
20 Official Realtime Reporter
21
22
23
24
25
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 1
$ 129 [1] - 4:3 144:12, 17 300 [1] - 56:11 13 [3] - 3:13; 89:24; 247:6 2009 [1] - 172:11 300,000 [2] - 41:6; 158:3 13.4 [3] - 68:15; 75:8; 255:2 2009/2010 [1] - 51:13 31st [2] - 54:2; 234:11 $1,000 [1] - 46:17 130 [1] - 4:9 2010 [1] - 140:20 32 [1] - 53:13 $100,000 [1] - 10:24 13th [3] - 11:11; 257:18; 2011 [5] - 54:2; 70:16; 130:8; 33 [4] - 53:13; 211:7; 264:19; 259:20 131:17; 264:14 274:15 ' 14 [1] - 248:6 2012 [15] - 11:17; 12:22; 35 [2] - 134:5; 135:7 15 [9] - 26:21, 25; 61:5; 19:18; 20:9; 51:19; 64:19; 3CG [1] - 229:1 68:24; 96:9; 169:21; 170:1; 139:23; 194:5; 196:16; 3rd [1] - 200:4 '06 [1] - 106:22 180:24; 250:1 198:24; 201:11, 16; '06/'07 [1] - 106:22 15-metre [1] - 256:10 234:12; 273:6, 16 '40s [1] - 224:2 4 16 [3] - 8:16; 26:23; 27:1 2013 [7] - 24:1; 51:19; 52:2; '63 [1] - 203:20 160 [2] - 4:11; 51:24 54:2; 232:15; 273:10; '67 [1] - 203:22 4 [3] - 31:1; 164:6; 233:2 162 [1] - 53:1 285:14 '68 [1] - 203:23 4.3 [1] - 70:18 165 [2] - 221:21 2014 [3] - 1:15; 7:1; 24:1 '70s [1] - 106:13 40 [3] - 49:4; 55:12; 172:1 17 [1] - 220:22 2016 [1] - 64:19 '71 [1] - 203:23 407 [1] - 193:4 1792 [1] - 102:19 202 [1] - 4:13 '73 [1] - 203:24 40th [1] - 49:4 1793 [1] - 102:20 21 [1] - 1:15 '77 [1] - 204:1 41 [1] - 221:4 1796 [1] - 282:6 21st [1] - 7:1 '78 [1] - 207:5 45 [2] - 208:5; 221:20 18-year-olds [1] - 39:20 22-and-a-half [1] - 207:15 '79 [1] - 204:4 45-degree [1] - 207:18 1800s [2] - 31:20; 197:2 2246 [1] - 232:16 '80s [1] - 106:13 450 [1] - 51:12 183 [1] - 6:11 229 [2] - 4:14, 17 '84 [1] - 204:11 47 [1] - 3:15 19 [3] - 52:25; 232:15; 250:16 231 [1] - 4:19 238 [1] - 4:20 48 [2] - 96:6; 172:7 0 1909 [1] - 257:7 191 [1] - 228:25 23rd [1] - 285:14 1925 [1] - 131:14 24-hour [1] - 8:15 5 0 [1] - 50:24 1940 [1] - 223:25 240 [1] - 51:5 243 [1] - 4:22 1950s [1] - 68:24 5 [7] - 50:24; 55:14; 75:21; 1 1957 [1] - 198:4 2432 [1] - 230:15 165:13; 172:1; 233:10; 1962 [1] - 203:17 245 [1] - 5:1 277:5 1972 [1] - 133:16 248 [1] - 5:2 5,000 [2] - 225:10, 16 1 [5] - 1:17; 26:22; 95:23; 1975 [1] - 132:9 25 [5] - 61:5; 68:6; 88:16; 50 [6] - 53:9; 71:17; 87:23; 209:15; 215:3 1977 [1] - 131:17 110:12; 266:23 171:25; 269:5, 12 1,000 [8] - 139:21; 209:2; 1983 [4] - 272:5, 9, 21, 23 25.1 [2] - 272:10, 17 500 [2] - 209:5; 215:3 239:11; 240:3; 257:16, 22; 1988 [1] - 132:3 250 [1] - 250:15 258:18 52 [1] - 244:23 1989 [1] - 264:10 251 [1] - 250:15 53 [2] - 257:19; 259:6 1,200 [1] - 51:19 1992 [1] - 145:21 252 [1] - 5:4 55 [1] - 146:3 1,208 [1] - 54:2 1993 [1] - 132:3 255 [1] - 52:3 570 [1] - 229:1 1,300 [1] - 130:21 1995 [1] - 132:6 26 [1] - 1:16 5:20 [1] - 284:21 1,900 [1] - 215:1 1997 [2] - 132:9, 23 262 [1] - 5:5 5th [1] - 201:16 1.1 [1] - 75:9 1998 [3] - 132:3; 133:1; 269 [3] - 130:2; 148:14; 149:3 10 [9] - 36:19; 75:18; 209:15; 137:18 26th [1] - 194:5 225:25; 237:5; 238:18; 6 1:30 [2] - 128:15, 19 27 [1] - 3:14 243:7; 264:4; 266:22 270-something [1] - 215:10 10,000 [2] - 266:22; 281:10 280 [2] - 126:2, 11 6 [7] - 209:11, 14; 210:5; 10.2.4 [2] - 234:4; 244:17 2 29 [1] - 157:20 223:22; 233:22; 278:1 100 [3] - 119:14; 183:9; 290 [2] - 218:7, 9 60 [3] - 132:2; 206:25; 207:13 258:20 2 [16] - 1:13; 6:4; 7:5; 8:10; 2nd [1] - 273:10 61 [2] - 3:17, 21 [1] 100th - 130:1 9:13; 118:23; 160:15, 21; 63 [1] - 4:1 11 [5] - 36:19; 190:11; 174:21; 216:24; 231:4; 3 694 [1] - 51:13 234:18; 235:15; 243:20 239:4; 240:4, 8; 255:2; 11308 [1] - 1:23 256:17 7 115 [1] - 6:8 2.5 [1] - 8:15 3 [4] - 29:15; 194:4; 223:22; 11:55 [1] - 128:17 20 [6] - 30:3; 106:10; 111:14; 232:17 12 [5] - 36:19; 211:11; 148:23; 240:9; 266:22 3.3.5 [1] - 26:18 7 [4] - 3:4; 233:3; 236:15 213:23; 244:15; 257:7 20,000 [1] - 49:15 30 [13] - 67:2; 68:21; 79:20; 70 [3] - 75:23; 76:9; 214:23 12-65 [1] - 256:22 200 [1] - 209:7 95:22; 98:13; 106:10; 771 [1] - 54:2 12.4.3.2 [1] - 254:3 2001 [1] - 132:6 126:4; 136:2, 14; 148:7; 78 [1] - 252:21 12.5.2.1 [1] - 254:4 2002 [2] - 40:20; 130:7 219:16; 240:5; 261:14 120 [1] - 207:13 2004 [1] - 117:23 30,000 [1] - 266:23 8 125 [1] - 52:4 2005 [1] - 260:1 30-night [1] - 80:3 128 [1] - 132:17 2008 [4] - 40:20; 143:11; 30-year [1] - 137:3 8 [33] - 14:6; 52:11; 75:10;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 2
115:11, 16-17, 19; 117:11, accepted [2] - 119:11; Activities [1] - 173:5 adjusted [1] - 109:12 18, 25; 118:18; 120:24; 140:13 activities [19] - 15:15; 19:20, administers [1] - 158:15 121:7, 23; 123:1, 14; access [11] - 24:12; 56:7, 19; 23; 20:3, 5, 10; 37:21; administration [1] - 152:6 130:17; 131:2; 139:25; 117:1; 147:20; 150:5; 66:5; 85:2; 95:5; 121:1; admit [1] - 237:19 189:9; 192:13; 193:14; 157:11; 164:21; 166:11; 149:11; 173:7, 15; 194:18; admittedly [1] - 23:5 200:19; 213:23; 225:11; 184:22 238:22; 247:24; 270:4; adopted [2] - 25:17; 136:5 237:17; 264:24; 265:3, 5, accesses [1] - 86:25 277:14 adopting [1] - 179:13 7; 266:21; 284:15, 22 accessibility [1] - 55:25 activity [5] - 25:11; 108:24; adult [2] - 238:19; 245:17 84 [1] - 6:5 accessible [2] - 55:6; 165:5 172:20; 173:3; 265:14 advance [5] - 119:9; 160:14; 85 [1] - 169:22 accessing [4] - 52:6, 19; actual [4] - 119:16; 121:4; 164:8; 267:15; 269:20 85th [1] - 275:25 74:20; 264:25 214:15; 270:6 advancing [1] - 23:17 88 [2] - 6:3; 9:12 ACCI [1] - 233:5 acute [2] - 52:16; 53:17 advantage [1] - 86:21 89 [2] - 6:5; 84:21 accident [1] - 39:14 ad [1] - 63:6 adventure [3] - 67:17; 71:16; accidents [2] - 129:1, 5 adaptive [2] - 248:17; 252:24 76:19 9 accommodate [1] - 38:10 add [10] - 34:24; 37:20; 41:9; adventure" [1] - 85:8 accommodation [6] - 46:13; 62:24; 66:9; 90:22; 217:1; adverse [6] - 24:9; 234:9, 20; 67:21; 68:2; 73:9; 74:10 224:7; 228:15; 272:14 264:8; 270:21; 276:20 9 [5] - 3:12; 6:3; 225:25; accommodations [4] - added [1] - 144:22 advertising [4] - 91:8, 12, 241:8; 284:12 74:15; 82:15; 132:24; addiction [2] - 31:12; 41:4 15, 18 90 [4] - 6:8; 68:25; 115:3; 269:3 adding [1] - 114:14 advice [8] - 13:14; 45:2, 10; 207:10 accompaniment [1] - 230:8 Addison [10] - 3:20; 61:22; 134:8; 141:1; 142:14; 91 [2] - 6:11; 183:19 accordance [3] - 263:1; 62:18; 104:10; 116:5, 11; 177:13; 271:7 95 [1] - 68:3 276:12 120:10; 121:6; 122:1; advised [1] - 146:10 97 [1] - 129:25 according [2] - 174:15; 123:17 advising [2] - 13:12; 177:6 9:00 [1] - 7:8 267:14 ADDISON [27] - 82:2; 83:4, advisory [2] - 145:10; 152:2 account [4] - 20:4; 116:8; 18; 84:9; 93:8; 103:9; A advocates [1] - 50:6 235:11; 248:11 104:17, 24; 106:6, 9; aerial [1] - 198:8 accounts [1] - 26:25 107:11; 108:10; 109:20, aesthetic [1] - 88:21 24; 110:16; 111:8; 112:24; a.m [2] - 7:8; 128:17 accrued [1] - 68:6 affairs [1] - 56:23 113:2, 16, 20; 114:20, 23; abide [1] - 277:2 accruing [1] - 68:9 affect [4] - 41:18; 110:13; 116:12; 119:9, 20; 122:2; abilities [1] - 44:19 accumulate [1] - 162:7 215:25; 256:19 123:19 ability [4] - 15:17; 127:7; accumulated [1] - 194:17 affected [2] - 147:23; 148:11 addition [11] - 18:24; 19:25; 267:22; 285:11 accuracy [3] - 202:21; 249:1, affects [1] - 221:23 23:20; 91:10; 171:13; able [17] - 16:11; 96:10; 5 affiliated [1] - 74:9 237:12; 239:13; 245:22; 119:10; 148:1; 149:3; accurate [1] - 216:8 affluence [1] - 101:14 268:3; 279:15; 281:12 155:3; 161:15; 167:16; accurately [3] - 210:19; affluent [1] - 86:7 additional [9] - 55:13; 63:25; 185:20; 189:3; 190:9; 262:12; 271:6 afford [2] - 70:11; 217:21 78:8; 89:8; 150:18; 153:1; 197:1; 199:3; 200:6; achieve [3] - 22:3; 127:3; affordable [2] - 24:12; 55:6 168:5; 241:4; 269:12 247:16; 271:6, 25 275:12 afield [1] - 123:5 address [19] - 18:6; 21:18; Aboriginal [35] - 12:2, 10, achieved [1] - 12:21 afternoon [5] - 11:13; 22:17; 117:8; 119:10; 12-13, 17; 13:4; 21:19, 21; achieving [1] - 12:19 128:21; 159:5; 229:23; 135:22; 165:11; 179:4; 71:15; 72:19; 97:5, 10; acknowledge [6] - 130:16; 266:11 180:16; 182:10; 235:7; 99:22, 24; 100:2, 9, 11, 14, 145:5; 171:6; 180:11; age [5] - 38:1; 39:23; 43:25; 236:9; 243:19; 250:24; 18, 20-21, 24; 101:1; 195:20; 251:15 55:14; 200:2 266:14; 268:12; 280:13; 110:18; 113:12; 116:15, acknowledged [1] - 21:16 age-1 [1] - 257:23 281:5; 283:21 19, 25; 117:14; 178:5; acknowledges [1] - 23:16 age-3 [2] - 240:7; 242:9 addressed [10] - 20:13; 32:7; 263:13, 17, 23 acknowledgment [1] - 188:6 agencies [6] - 10:19; 23:17, 44:17; 60:3; 62:25; 118:2; absence [3] - 137:25; 236:9; acquaintances [1] - 131:9 24; 180:2; 261:9; 274:9 195:24; 234:13; 259:19; 269:1 acquisition [2] - 147:13; Agencies [1] - 23:16 270:9 absolutely [2] - 57:18; 148:12 AGENCY [1] - 1:6 addressing [2] - 12:1; 165:1 103:22 Act [17] - 29:15; 84:11; agency [8] - 63:23, 25; adds [1] - 15:24 abundance [4] - 72:18; 133:10; 173:5; 182:8; 178:2; 193:5; 195:15; adequate [7] - 19:16; 20:19; 238:19; 240:22; 242:20 237:7; 252:17; 272:11, 16, 214:5; 271:20; 276:9 24:12; 151:15; 152:15; abundance-based [1] - 18, 24; 273:6; 274:16, 22; Agency [3] - 196:23; 198:22; 235:15; 267:3 242:20 275:5 205:25 adequately [8] - 16:19; 18:6; abundant [3] - 134:17; acted [1] - 151:5 agenda [1] - 64:12 19:2; 24:9; 239:20; 240:12; 139:3, 7 action [6] - 25:13; 69:10; aghast [1] - 213:8 270:9 abused [1] - 41:17 86:10, 21; 102:1; 137:14 ago [15] - 28:1; 30:9; 48:9, adieu [1] - 160:8 accept [2] - 41:15; 205:1 actioning [1] - 88:8 13; 49:19; 51:11; 52:3, 24; adjacent [1] - 267:24 acceptable [5] - 150:17; actions [2] - 168:18; 257:13 64:23; 88:18; 97:9; 120:18; adjourned [2] - 128:17; 172:16; 199:25; 217:19; active [2] - 24:7; 181:12 136:14; 152:15; 206:18 284:21 221:7 actively [1] - 126:1 agree [8] - 55:11; 102:13; adjournment [1] - 128:18
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 3
177:2; 194:6; 198:16; 93:2; 161:14, 16; 175:7; anniversary [1] - 49:5 11, 13, 15; 165:16; 166:18; 205:8; 274:16; 280:5 224:25; 285:5 annual [5] - 12:5, 19; 23:20; 168:8, 11, 19, 22; 170:11, agreed [8] - 194:23; 201:2; Albertans [1] - 76:9 91:14; 242:8 13; 174:1; 185:16; 186:9; 206:18; 207:12, 23; alcohol [4] - 36:7, 25; 39:24; annually [2] - 51:12; 125:15 192:1; 196:17; 204:7; 270:15; 271:11; 275:23 40:15 answer [22] - 8:24; 11:19; 205:9; 218:11; 222:24; agreement [15] - 22:21; ALEX [2] - 129:21; 130:7 26:7; 60:14; 63:17; 77:13; 223:16; 225:8; 252:24; 56:22; 84:7; 206:22; 266:3; Alex [5] - 2:19; 3:7; 4:5; 7:19; 80:22; 82:2; 85:19; 86:22; 253:8; 254:21; 259:24; 269:18; 271:14; 275:8, 10, 129:12 96:21; 105:21; 107:20; 260:2; 263:8; 271:10; 12; 276:19, 25; 278:3, 7, Alexander [1] - 102:18 110:9; 112:3; 114:21; 283:23; 284:1 13 align [2] - 218:6; 270:18 123:21; 124:2; 196:5; approaches [6] - 21:18; agreements [2] - 278:8 aligned [2] - 77:18; 88:5 230:25; 251:9; 281:6 166:3; 189:23; 190:4; agrees [1] - 263:12 alignment [1] - 216:9 answered [4] - 79:2; 99:18; 227:19; 259:24 agricultural [3] - 133:19; alive [1] - 117:18 116:9; 118:1 approaching [4] - 170:9; 150:21; 152:22 alleviate [2] - 18:15; 24:19 answering [3] - 98:3, 8; 206:25; 207:12; 209:8 agriculture [4] - 87:13; allocate [1] - 125:9 220:17 appropriate [14] - 112:1; 137:5; 143:8, 10 allocation [6] - 170:5, 18-19; answers [4] - 34:2; 154:13; 122:23; 166:15; 240:17; agritourism [4] - 87:11, 13, 171:10, 13; 181:5 155:4; 191:19 242:10; 259:22; 260:4; 17; 88:4 allocations [1] - 170:8 antennas [2] - 216:7, 10 264:22; 265:16; 270:15, agro [1] - 93:23 allow [9] - 57:16; 135:11; anti [1] - 226:10 23; 271:16; 276:9; 284:2 agro-tourism [1] - 93:23 151:21; 162:7; 208:17; anti-clockwise [1] - 226:10 appropriately [1] - 10:6 ahead [8] - 15:13; 17:3; 218:11, 19; 219:10; 248:21 anticipate [2] - 136:19; approved [6] - 24:10; 25:24; 123:2; 156:23; 179:21; allowable [1] - 173:1 281:18 74:9; 82:14; 170:23; 217:25 195:17; 198:23; 231:7 allowance [1] - 269:1 anticipated [2] - 21:5; 171:2 April [2] - 100:20; 121:12 aid [2] - 10:5; 236:24 allowed [2] - 111:2; 121:1 anticipates [1] - 266:21 aquatic [7] - 11:11; 169:16; aids [1] - 204:8 almost [3] - 47:3; 93:2; 203:9 anxiety [1] - 149:24 232:6; 244:20; 245:13; aim [1] - 236:23 aloft [1] - 211:2 anyway [2] - 60:12; 85:7 253:1; 255:1 Air [3] - 210:3; 218:1; 220:11 alone [2] - 16:21; 283:8 apart [1] - 239:2 Arctic [19] - 226:12; 233:25; air [30] - 6:3; 8:4, 10, 21; already-limited [1] - 149:8 apartment [1] - 46:12 239:5, 10; 248:24; 249:4, 9:12; 134:12; 167:23; alternate [7] - 221:16, 18; apologize [1] - 153:13 18; 250:25; 252:13; 253:5, 201:2; 203:4, 18; 210:20; 222:4, 8-9; 265:9 appear [4] - 23:5; 144:21; 11; 256:21; 257:14, 17, 21, 211:3; 213:5, 25; 217:13; alternates [1] - 222:2 148:3; 186:15 24; 258:6, 10, 25 222:16; 223:4; 224:16, 25; alternative [4] - 258:1, 4-5; APPEARANCES [1] - 2:1 arctic [4] - 237:11; 240:2; 226:12, 18; 227:1, 6, 259:11 appeared [3] - 133:20; 242:8; 262:4 10-11; 276:13; 283:25 alternatives [1] - 284:10 141:13 area [101] - 30:6; 31:1; 32:25; aircraft [7] - 203:23; 206:25; Alyssa [13] - 4:16; 5:1; appendices [1] - 27:10 38:16; 48:22; 57:14; 73:18; 211:14; 220:20; 221:1, 15; 229:19; 230:20; 231:6; appendicis [1] - 27:15 74:7, 14, 19, 23, 25; 75:2, 222:3 232:5; 237:18; 238:20; Appendix [13] - 6:4; 8:10; 11, 25; 76:2, 6, 8; 77:3; airfield [1] - 204:6 244:25; 245:4, 7; 248:5 9:13; 239:4; 240:5, 8; 80:24; 81:17, 20; 83:10, airfoils [1] - 216:1 ALYSSA [6] - 231:8; 245:6, 255:3; 256:17; 257:2, 9, 13; 86:9; 87:20; 88:4, 13; airframe [4] - 210:14; 211:2; 8; 246:3, 5, 9 17; 259:9; 264:16 95:16; 97:3; 98:11, 25; 215:20; 227:9 amazing [1] - 48:14 apples [1] - 75:17 99:8; 101:12-14, 16; airplane [6] - 207:17; 211:5; ambient [2] - 26:19, 25 applicable [1] - 263:4 106:12; 107:24; 108:7, 13; 215:24; 216:5, 7, 11 ambitious [1] - 213:13 application [2] - 173:16; 109:1; 119:15; 120:3, airplanes [7] - 207:12; America [2] - 212:9; 213:3 214:21 208:16; 218:20; 219:12, 12-13; 121:2, 14; 122:23; amount [7] - 49:13; 106:2; applications [1] - 90:11 123:8; 124:8, 12, 15, 20; 19; 223:6 144:6; 171:3; 172:13; applied [4] - 162:24; 163:2; 131:13, 15; 139:13; 154:8; airport [25] - 33:3; 202:19; 185:25; 260:3 241:21; 248:10 156:18; 160:21-23; 163:19; 203:7, 16; 204:2; 205:13, Applied [2] - 132:18; 231:22 amounts [1] - 152:4 164:13; 166:7; 168:2; 17; 209:23; 211:25; 212:2, applies [2] - 110:4; 122:14 ample [1] - 236:3 170:2, 15; 171:25; 172:8; 6, 21; 213:19; 216:18; apply [6] - 14:25; 90:18; analyses [4] - 233:19; 174:21; 175:1, 4; 176:10, 218:24; 220:23; 222:3, 7; 250:10; 259:8, 10 142:20; 173:2; 258:14; 223:2, 11-12; 224:15; 24; 178:18, 23; 180:9; analysis [9] - 20:22; 109:7; 275:16 283:18, 20, 22 184:2, 5, 7, 17-18, 25; 143:8; 147:4; 151:9; applying [2] - 163:22; 174:3 188:15; 189:19; 191:22; Airport [1] - 204:5 239:18; 249:10; 250:13; appointed [1] - 29:10 194:12; 204:18; 207:24; airports [2] - 204:12, 15 260:1 appointment [1] - 59:22 224:21, 24; 227:4; 233:4, al [1] - 259:25 analytical [1] - 247:14 appreciate [9] - 10:9; 64:6; 15; 237:17; 245:21; alarming [1] - 184:16 analyze [2] - 68:22; 176:18 84:19; 125:4; 263:10; 246:24; 281:24 Alaska [19] - 1:23; 43:4; AND [2] - 1:4, 7 267:18; 278:21; 280:9, 24 Area [1] - 172:4 72:24; 73:25; 74:6; 76:14, [1] angle [1] - 207:18 appreciated - 182:14 area-based [1] - 163:19 25; 78:13, 25; 85:22; [44] animal [1] - 111:16 approach - 21:7; 25:16; areas [40] - 11:4; 12:16, 21; 86:24; 90:22; 91:7, 24; animals [3] - 119:14; 120:2; 51:3; 160:19; 162:4, 10; 39:16; 40:11; 43:2; 59:10; 96:7, 14; 133:16, 21; 158:4 124:16 163:9, 14, 18-19; 164:2, 7, 66:24; 86:23; 95:6; 107:19; Alberta [9] - 21:15; 72:24;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 4
125:17; 155:1; 157:7; 195:16, 19; 196:4, 18; Attachie [1] - 157:1 234:2 171:23; 172:2, 6, 10, 13, 197:23; 198:22; 201:23; attachment [2] - 51:3; awareness [4] - 71:3, 5; 25; 173:4, 10, 16; 182:21; 202:3; 203:8; 213:6; 214:5, 282:10 101:22; 102:11 183:7, 10; 186:5, 13; 7, 18; 215:21; 220:7, 9; attempt [1] - 135:19 axiom [2] - 139:2, 6 226:11; 232:25; 233:6, 9, 228:17; 232:20; 246:16; attempting [1] - 243:18 11; 241:17; 243:13; 248:11, 22; 258:1; 263:1; attend [1] - 130:23 B 255:20; 265:24 266:17; 273:9; 282:19; attended [3] - 45:3; 203:17; arguably [1] - 249:19 283:24 282:16 BA3 [1] - 229:1 argue [1] - 213:13 Assessment [12] - 133:10; attendees [1] - 142:16 Bachelor [2] - 231:24; argued [1] - 93:1 152:11; 163:13, 25; attending [1] - 209:22 232:11 argument [6] - 155:24; 177:11, 22; 178:19; attention [2] - 29:21; 117:6 Bachelor's [1] - 131:20 197:25; 198:14; 272:2; 196:22; 198:2; 205:25; attitude [1] - 138:7 back-casting [1] - 170:12 274:19 262:23; 274:16 attract [2] - 223:5; 281:20 back-up [2] - 43:10; 204:8 arguments [3] - 195:13; ASSESSMENT [2] - 1:6, 8 attraction [1] - 147:18 backdrop [1] - 69:18 198:15, 21 Assessments [1] - 163:17 attractions [3] - 74:10; background [8] - 8:14; arise [1] - 277:16 assessments [8] - 19:14; 77:15; 103:23 26:19, 21, 25; 206:11; arising [1] - 235:19 124:10; 138:17; 165:9; attractive [1] - 16:16 167:1; 168:4; 206:9; 283:2 210:1; 214:14; 225:21 arm's [1] - 152:1 attributable [1] - 40:15 assets [1] - 94:2 backtrack [2] - 219:7, 11 arm's-length [1] - 152:1 attributes [2] - 254:20; 255:4 assignment [1] - 204:22 Badenhorst [18] - 3:14; arranged [1] - 158:10 Audio [1] - 2:18 assist [3] - 56:15; 135:20; 26:11; 27:19, 21; 30:15; arrangements [1] - 268:24 AUDIO/SOUND [1] - 2:17 144:8 42:21; 44:22, 25; 45:4; array [1] - 248:8 audit [2] - 273:13, 16 assistance [4] - 23:3; 57:14; 47:9; 48:3, 6, 21; 51:21; arrived [1] - 18:8 auditor's [2] - 273:17, 23 59:5; 237:19 54:9; 129:4; 279:20; arriving [2] - 208:16; 219:11 Austin [1] - 124:7 assistant [1] - 209:24 280:14 art [1] - 101:7 authorities [3] - 32:14; BADENHORST [6] - 27:22; articulated [1] - 20:8 assisting [1] - 237:4 138:14 30:17; 43:1; 44:3; 45:24; articulation [1] - 59:21 associated [12] - 16:5; 18:19; authority [3] - 213:12; 47:17 as-required [1] - 277:7 24:10; 138:10; 143:16, 272:13; 274:17 21-22; 161:1; 167:14; bag [6] - 109:5, 8, 22-24; Asia [1] - 70:4 AUTHORITY [1] - 1:4 169:8; 277:10, 18 110:1 aspect [1] - 18:25 authorization [2] - 165:2; association [5] - 28:8; 32:15; baker [1] - 262:18 aspects [3] - 20:22; 35:23; 252:17 86:11; 100:2 balance [2] - 38:20; 94:7 78:4 authors [2] - 230:22; 259:13 Association [12] - 28:10; Ballroom [1] - 1:23 aspen [1] - 214:23 autism [1] - 51:7 86:3; 91:8; 96:3; 115:12; bank [6] - 175:25; 176:1; asphalt [1] - 212:12 availability [9] - 14:11; 15:6; 131:2; 136:8; 193:15; 177:7; 227:24; 256:13 assemble [1] - 165:21 17:7, 25; 18:16; 24:20; 232:7; 264:24; 265:5, 7 banking [1] - 209:24 assess [9] - 116:18, 23; 198:15; 199:2 association's [1] - 12:25 banks [1] - 127:13 167:24; 188:12; 203:14; available [22] - 11:19; 45:6; associations [1] - 12:7 bar [3] - 172:12, 15 206:8; 223:20; 228:19; 96:11; 164:21; 167:16; Barbour [1] - 2:19 235:16 assume [4] - 79:18; 168:15; 168:2; 171:4, 16; 176:5, 212:25; 258:13 base [4] - 163:21; 181:25; assessed [11] - 16:20; 143:3; 16, 19, 22; 197:7, 15; 185:9; 266:25 152:12; 167:10; 170:3; assumed [2] - 257:16; 230:14, 25; 232:15; 244:5; based [28] - 21:12; 81:5, 22; 175:2; 182:18; 183:8; 272:22 251:8; 258:9; 259:3; 85:3; 108:23, 25; 111:16; 205:15; 214:13; 270:7 assuming [1] - 168:12 263:17 assumption [1] - 258:24 123:14; 124:9; 135:3; assessing [3] - 161:2; Avenue [1] - 275:25 assumptions [16] - 138:18; 138:13; 140:11; 143:8; 163:20; 185:19 average [3] - 39:5; 40:7; 162:9; 163:19; 164:13; assessment [104] - 11:16; 184:17; 239:8, 15; 240:11; 169:21 242:5; 248:13, 21; 249:1, 166:14; 167:11; 168:8; 17:14; 19:17; 20:1, 19; averaging [2] - 9:5; 26:20 6; 256:25; 257:1, 14; 170:24; 172:3; 185:16; 115:24; 122:5; 124:9; averse [1] - 260:18 258:17; 259:11, 16 201:18; 241:4; 242:19; 139:13; 144:15, 22; 145:1; aviation [16] - 202:19, 21; assurance [1] - 151:22 259:24; 268:4 150:15; 153:12; 154:19; 203:10; 205:5, 19-20, 22; based-modelling [1] - 155:1, 4; 159:17; 160:19; assure [1] - 207:21 206:17, 20, 22; 212:22; 259:24 161:1, 11-12, 19, 24-25; assuring [1] - 149:4 213:22, 25; 214:22; baseline [11] - 139:1; 144:6; 162:10, 15; 163:10, 15; astounded [1] - 86:13 217:23; 220:10 193:7; 194:19; 195:5; 164:2, 20; 165:4, 16, AT [1] - 1:11 avoid [6] - 211:17, 21; 198:24; 201:12, 17-18; 19-20, 22-23; 166:25; at-hand [1] - 245:19 213:14; 217:3, 7, 10 241:16; 263:5 167:8, 25; 168:3, 23; at-migration [1] - 36:10 avoiding [1] - 255:21 basic [3] - 8:18; 15:17; 34:16 169:13, 25; 170:10, 14, 25; Atkins [1] - 91:22 AVW [1] - 2:18 basin [5] - 144:2, 8; 145:22; 172:7; 174:1, 4; 175:3; ATKINS [1] - 91:23 AVW-TELAV [1] - 2:18 146:1 176:21, 25; 177:4; 178:7, Atmospheric [2] - 4:13; aware [13] - 89:12; 115:15; Basin [2] - 146:6, 12 12, 14, 16, 24; 179:13, 23; 202:15 116:1; 118:16; 186:25; basis [10] - 19:20; 21:23; 180:6; 185:3, 21; 186:23; atmospheric [1] - 283:16 190:22; 193:10; 226:9; 23:20; 65:21; 71:22; 189:25; 190:25; 191:21; attach [1] - 38:18 229:24; 230:5; 233:5; 190:13; 234:12; 239:14; 192:4, 25; 193:8; 194:4; attached [2] - 18:23; 58:5
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 5
260:16; 270:9 105:23; 106:7, 23; 107:23; better [13] - 34:15; 41:13, 22; 246:2; 250:4; 274:6 battle [1] - 35:24 108:17; 109:3, 23; 110:10, 46:11; 92:2; 102:12; black [1] - 169:9 bay [1] - 169:10 17; 112:10; 113:1, 11, 17, 161:16; 171:16; 191:24; black-footed [1] - 169:9 bay-breasted [1] - 169:10 24; 114:22; 115:1; 174:10, 203:11; 205:8; 211:19 blame [1] - 46:6 BC [186] - 1:4; 2:9; 3:5, 12; 22; 175:9, 22, 24; 176:23; betterment [1] - 50:20 bleed [1] - 127:3 4:3; 5:4; 7:15; 9:18; 10:4, 178:17; 179:17; 180:22; Bettina [2] - 4:6; 129:15 block [2] - 46:12; 60:3 22; 12:19; 13:5, 13; 16:19, 182:15; 183:1, 17, 24; BETTINA [6] - 196:2; 198:6, blowing [1] - 227:14 22; 17:12, 18; 18:3, 11; 192:23; 195:24; 197:24; 18, 25; 201:9; 202:1 blue [8] - 38:1; 39:3, 15, 18; 19:6, 8; 21:2, 16; 22:21; 198:14, 20; 199:13; 201:24 between [32] - 22:21; 32:1; 70:5; 73:20; 227:15; 23:4, 12, 24; 24:1, 4, 6, 16; Beaudet [16] - 2:2; 8:5; 35:24; 38:20; 47:10; 66:10; 231:18 25:3, 20; 28:2, 7, 10, 25; 11:24; 26:8; 42:22; 84:16; 84:7, 12; 91:25; 94:7; Blueberry [1] - 284:7 29:10; 30:3-5; 32:12, 14; 93:13; 104:11; 129:22; 108:24; 112:24; 113:3, 5; blunt [2] - 56:2; 94:8 33:23; 35:19; 38:3, 6; 39:5, 174:9, 20; 191:25; 192:21; 130:7; 143:20; 151:7; board [10] - 28:8; 44:4; 49:6; 17, 25; 40:8, 11, 16; 41:11; 201:8, 10; 264:9 163:9; 188:3; 192:1; 158:9, 13, 18, 22-23; 212:8 43:24; 44:2, 20; 47:2; beautiful [4] - 93:17; 97:4; 204:16, 18; 208:16; 212:1; Board [1] - 133:10 48:10; 54:14, 18; 55:9; 204:20; 223:12 218:20; 219:11; 226:12; boards [3] - 23:24; 24:2; 56:15; 60:24; 65:21; 66:1; beauty [2] - 69:18; 72:17 254:25; 258:15; 274:9; 112:7 67:4, 6; 68:12, 19; 71:4; became [3] - 33:6; 149:17; 278:3; 279:7 boat [3] - 78:1; 157:2; 281:13 72:5, 16, 23; 75:8; 76:9; 223:12 Beverton [3] - 240:15; bodies [1] - 32:13 78:21; 80:21; 82:20; 83:19; become [5] - 43:19; 48:17; 259:18, 21 body [4] - 132:19; 271:23; 85:16; 86:6; 94:18; 95:14; 120:25; 243:13; 246:12 Beverton-Holt [3] - 240:15; 274:7, 18 97:24; 100:22; 108:18; becomes [6] - 35:2; 78:17; 259:18, 21 Boeing [1] - 211:14 109:6; 110:11; 113:7, 10; 139:9; 192:2; 209:10 beyond [7] - 91:12; 125:14; Bolin [1] - 268:18 115:15; 118:24; 130:22; becoming [1] - 69:4 127:6; 160:25; 161:5, 10; bolster [1] - 176:12 131:14; 132:19; 134:1; bed [1] - 268:23 237:20 bond [1] - 134:19 136:2; 143:17; 144:1; beehive [1] - 226:7 bid [1] - 23:2 books [2] - 216:20 146:6, 10, 20; 147:9, 12; beg [1] - 262:16 big [26] - 34:17; 43:6, 15, 17; boom [8] - 15:15; 25:11; 152:21; 153:19; 181:23; began [3] - 149:19, 23; 49:11; 52:9; 55:17; 59:11; 28:14; 31:21; 34:19; 35:9; 191:4, 20; 194:1; 195:25; 278:25 67:20; 73:20; 78:12, 18; 41:23; 279:20 205:24; 206:2; 207:4; 97:4; 109:17; 182:9; begin [2] - 134:5; 209:11 booms [1] - 101:24 212:20; 214:5, 9; 222:13; 184:10; 208:6; 209:9; beginning [1] - 14:5 Boon [1] - 92:12 232:8; 233:2; 234:11, 14, 211:2, 15; 213:21; 215:18, behalf [2] - 14:3; 264:24 BOON [1] - 92:13 22; 235:14, 25; 236:3; 21; 219:17; 221:23 behaviour [3] - 210:20; boots [2] - 79:15; 187:9 239:12; 243:15, 22; bigger [3] - 34:5; 59:8; 258:6; 259:12 border [4] - 122:18; 161:14, 244:12; 247:10; 248:9; 219:25 behind [4] - 41:24; 212:25; 17; 175:7 249:14; 250:11, 23; 284:16 biggest [3] - 36:16; 42:6; 251:24; 252:1; 254:13; born [3] - 53:13; 58:17; 60:6 believer [1] - 107:11 224:6 256:8, 11; 257:5, 11; bottom [1] - 221:23 believes [1] - 265:25 billion [3] - 68:15; 75:8 262:10, 22, 25; 263:12; bottoms [1] - 171:2 belong [1] - 155:13 billion-dollar [1] - 68:15 264:14; 265:2, 25; 266:24; bought [1] - 203:23 below [1] - 256:23 binding [2] - 22:21; 278:4 267:14; 268:14, 20; 269:4, Boulder [1] - 211:12 BEN [9] - 62:3; 63:9; 159:5, biological [4] - 149:15; 15, 19, 24; 270:14, 17, 22; boundaries [6] - 17:11; 16; 160:8; 199:16; 200:11, 241:11; 248:22; 258:3 274:15; 276:11-13, 15; 108:11; 161:5; 194:24; 20, 22 biologist [8] - 132:7, 12, 16; 278:3, 8, 16; 279:9, 22; 267:10, 24 Ben [10] - 3:18, 22; 61:19; 157:19; 231:20; 232:6 280:22; 281:8; 283:4 boundary [13] - 6:10; 115:5; 62:1, 5; 159:7, 15; 160:7, Biologists [2] - 132:19; bC [1] - 129:9 160:21, 24; 161:4, 10; 13, 17 232:8 BC's [2] - 23:17; 101:21 174:24; 184:3, 6; 213:18; benchmark [1] - 12:5 biologists [4] - 132:20; BCEA [2] - 272:16; 273:6 226:11; 267:13 benefit [2] - 147:5; 281:14 144:13; 229:8; 238:22 BCUC [4] - 136:11; 138:2; bounds [1] - 259:9 benefits [1] - 266:3 Biology [1] - 231:22 272:6 Bowering [1] - 42:8 Bennet [1] - 158:12 biology [1] - 232:12 bear [9] - 120:20; 121:24; box [1] - 226:6 Bennett [3] - 196:9; 198:2; biomass [2] - 252:7; 255:6 122:2, 7, 16; 123:3, 22; boys [1] - 220:14 281:10 birth [3] - 38:8; 51:21; 53:23 124:16, 21 Bradford [2] - 259:20 benthic [1] - 256:4 births [1] - 38:10 bears [12] - 106:3; 120:8; bragged [1] - 213:3 berms [1] - 128:3 bit [40] - 23:6; 44:4; 51:1; 121:4, 11, 13, 19; 122:6, branch [3] - 62:12; 65:13; berries [1] - 134:16 63:19, 22; 65:21; 67:14; 21; 124:5, 11, 14 103:10 beside [1] - 222:15 71:11; 73:12; 76:5, 15-16; Beatton [1] - 253:13 brand [7] - 68:19, 22; 69:9, best [14] - 16:2; 24:4; 30:4; 77:5, 9; 81:14; 82:20; 93:7, BEAUDET [58] - 8:6; 27:3, 19; 72:4 50:6; 70:17; 99:5; 137:2; 12, 21; 97:15; 101:25; 14; 42:23; 43:21; 58:1; branding [1] - 72:2 140:13; 182:10; 209:8; 106:18; 116:17; 120:11, 59:7; 60:8; 80:7; 81:23; breach [1] - 134:14 217:10; 222:13; 248:18; 13-14; 129:6; 167:7; 82:11; 83:15, 19; 84:18; bread [2] - 85:23; 94:1 285:11 168:11; 172:20; 174:18; 85:1; 86:12; 93:14; 95:12; break [11] - 43:2; 61:4, 9; best-equipped [1] - 209:8 189:20; 211:22; 215:20; 96:15; 104:7, 12, 18; 80:3; 104:2, 9; 202:8, 10; bet [1] - 214:8 219:21; 237:20; 245:10;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 6
219:6; 221:9; 281:1 173:24; 175:25; 176:1; camps [6] - 10:11; 44:10; 193:5; 232:16; 272:16; breaks [1] - 153:4 191:13; 192:8; 198:3; 55:19; 149:23; 154:6; 273:6 breasted [1] - 169:10 213:17; 238:21; 239:1 269:10 CEAR [2] - 230:14; 257:7 breathe [1] - 31:4 Build [1] - 49:19 Canada [33] - 21:17; 30:11; ceiling [1] - 209:2 breathtaking [3] - 69:18; building [7] - 13:12; 16:8; 66:2; 68:25; 69:5, 7; 70:7; celebrating [1] - 49:4 85:4, 12 22:25; 49:15; 191:16; 76:7; 193:16; 196:15; Celesa [2] - 4:7; 129:16 BRENT [1] - 252:2 192:5; 276:12 204:13; 206:6; 209:20; cement [1] - 223:14 Brent [4] - 4:8; 5:4; 129:18; Building [1] - 21:12 211:9; 213:9, 14, 21; Centre [2] - 3:16; 47:25 252:1 built [5] - 22:8; 136:14; 214:1; 216:19; 228:16; centre [29] - 10:18, 21; 35:5; BRIAN [5] - 130:13; 140:9; 222:21; 223:11; 276:10 235:23; 262:21; 263:10, 48:9; 51:11, 20, 23, 25; 156:24; 157:24 bulk [1] - 19:7 20; 264:10, 12, 15, 18; 52:6, 19; 53:4, 18-19; 54:3, Brian [6] - 2:4, 7; 4:9; bull [13] - 146:24; 239:5; 284:1; 285:5 23; 56:22; 58:17; 59:8, 11, 128:23; 130:11, 14 240:6; 242:7; 248:24; CANADA [1] - 1:6 14; 62:10; 77:17; 78:2, Bridget [1] - 2:10 249:4, 13; 250:25; 252:12; Canada's [1] - 263:2 20-21, 23; 94:21; 204:12; brief [7] - 9:21; 61:9; 63:4; 255:17; 256:20; 259:22 Canadian [6] - 12:6, 13, 24; 280:16 199:18; 202:10; 262:14; bull-of-the-north [1] - 146:24 32:15; 133:10; 196:22 centreline [1] - 218:10 282:12 bullet [2] - 242:15, 18 cancelled [1] - 222:1 centres [8] - 15:9; 17:20; briefing [1] - 260:11 bunch [1] - 223:3 candella [2] - 225:10, 16 77:14; 92:5, 7; 95:2; briefly [4] - 203:21; 236:18; burbot [1] - 252:12 cannot [4] - 20:1; 140:12; 102:12; 281:9 243:7; 270:12 burn [1] - 208:18 148:7; 152:8 certain [5] - 73:1; 111:13; briefs [1] - 179:19 burner [1] - 226:7 Canyon [2] - 145:6; 198:1 112:16; 177:14; 243:13 brightness [1] - 225:15 burning [4] - 212:15; 221:6, capabilities [1] - 237:21 certainly [20] - 76:2; 80:23; brilliant [1] - 133:19 13 capable [1] - 62:23 83:11; 86:22, 25; 87:25; bring [13] - 28:11; 29:20; burst [1] - 49:16 capacity [3] - 34:24; 50:2; 94:25; 111:21; 113:20; 30:16; 55:12, 17, 21; bus [5] - 33:5, 12; 34:22; 279:12 116:1; 117:3; 122:8; 82:23; 94:3; 96:20, 22; 122:8; 158:19 captain [1] - 221:3 138:23; 145:13; 156:8; 117:6; 218:1; 228:18 business [24] - 12:14, 17; capture [2] - 124:16, 21 184:10; 200:11; 210:2; bringing [3] - 59:2; 101:13; 66:8, 15, 25; 67:17; 74:24; capturing [1] - 124:13 261:5, 16 277:15 76:12, 24; 79:10, 17, 25; car [1] - 227:18 certainty [6] - 136:16, 20, 23; brings [3] - 49:22; 73:3; 81:10; 82:7; 83:2, 21; card's [1] - 37:6 139:2; 198:12 278:22 98:16; 100:11; 136:15, 18, care [9] - 10:5; 38:21; 41:6, certificate [5] - 18:23; 90:12; Britain [1] - 211:14 20, 24; 138:13; 141:23 9; 46:23; 52:17; 85:21; 165:4; 272:14; 275:6 BRITISH [2] - 1:3, 8 businesses [19] - 49:11; 95:4 CERTIFICATION [1] - 285:1 British [63] - 1:24; 7:2; 21:7, 65:2; 66:13; 71:7; 74:8, 12, career [3] - 127:15; 132:7; certification [2] - 273:18, 24 14; 22:4; 23:14; 24:24; 18; 77:1; 81:1, 5, 11, 16, 157:18 certified [1] - 273:14 62:6, 16; 64:15, 21, 24; 22; 88:5; 91:12; 100:25; caregiver [2] - 51:3, 16 certify [1] - 285:5 65:3, 14, 16; 66:23; 68:13, 101:6, 8; 223:14 cares [1] - 48:15 cetera [10] - 91:18; 125:22; 16, 19-20; 69:12, 21; 70:1, businessman [1] - 131:14 cargo [1] - 223:4 127:19; 128:3; 141:6; 7, 19, 23; 71:1, 3, 17, 25; bust [6] - 28:15; 31:21; Cariboo [1] - 96:2 169:11; 185:6; 195:7; 72:4; 74:11; 75:5; 86:4, 17; 34:19; 36:1; 41:23; 279:20 caribou [7] - 133:11; 161:4, 196:9; 276:7 92:3; 93:16; 94:9; 95:19, busy [3] - 51:20; 73:12; 9; 182:24; 183:1, 3 CHADDER [4] - 9:1; 26:13; 21; 96:2, 11, 13; 99:23; 284:4 carried [1] - 20:10 27:12, 17 100:1, 3, 15, 18; 101:1; butter [2] - 85:23; 94:1 carrier [1] - 208:1 Chadder [2] - 9:2; 26:7 112:25; 113:3; 119:12; buy [5] - 30:21; 37:7; 134:8; carrot [1] - 35:17 chain [1] - 134:14 131:21, 24; 132:8, 17; 216:18 carry [5] - 118:13; 175:7; chair [1] - 201:6 158:22; 159:8; 164:9; buying [1] - 113:8 208:3; 221:17; 246:8 Chair [20] - 8:6; 9:19; 26:6; 232:12; 241:14; 285:4 BY [1] - 1:3 carrying [1] - 9:21 62:3; 80:7; 129:2; 132:4; broad [7] - 116:14; 123:25; cars [1] - 157:4 156:6; 159:2, 5; 174:10; 162:14; 163:18; 168:7; C case [7] - 37:11; 122:17; 192:23; 199:16; 200:22; 169:1; 275:18 216:23; 262:5; 266:25; 202:16; 228:10; 229:5; broader [3] - 21:6; 24:24; 278:19 252:2; 262:11; 272:1 C-h-u-r-c-h-i-l-l [1] - 130:15 168:13 caseload [2] - 52:3 Chairman [8] - 2:2; 3:4; 7:10; Cache [2] - 131:12, 15 brought [3] - 113:13; 156:14; cases [1] - 160:24 87:7; 88:15; 89:11; 132:3; calculate [1] - 108:20 157:11 cast [1] - 146:21 260:25 calculated [1] - 258:3 brown [1] - 241:2 casting [1] - 170:12 CHAIRMAN [109] - 7:11; 8:3; [1] calculation [1] - 214:14 9:10, 15; 13:19; 14:1, 18, brush - 225:19 catch [1] - 109:5 Caledonia [1] - 279:19 21; 26:1, 5, 10; 27:18; buck [1] - 37:3 category [5] - 13:2; 63:3; Calgary [2] - 93:2; 204:16 bucket [1] - 78:14 81:25; 84:3; 202:24 30:15; 42:20; 43:22; 44:21; camp [7] - 45:9; 78:1; 83:10; 45:16; 47:9, 19; 48:1; 57:1, bucket-list [1] - 78:14 causes [2] - 40:4; 43:20 154:18; 268:22; 269:3; 5; 60:9; 61:1, 3, 11; 63:6, budget [4] - 29:8; 152:14, 16 causing [1] - 41:2 271:9 10; 64:1, 4; 79:6; 82:13; buffer [1] - 256:11 CDC [1] - 60:12 campaign [3] - 71:14; 102:9 87:6; 89:14, 17, 20; 91:22; build [14] - 22:5; 34:23; CEAA [6] - 19:18; 20:8; 60:20; 78:22; 112:5; camped [4] - 102:19 92:11; 93:11; 96:16;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 7
103:17, 25; 104:8; 115:8; chemicals [2] - 213:24; Ciruna [12] - 3:20; 4:11; closer [4] - 14:19; 30:16; 116:1, 11; 117:12, 18; 214:15 61:23; 159:11, 23; 160:11; 140:8; 213:17 118:7, 13; 119:6, 17, 21; cheque [1] - 216:24 161:6; 174:7; 192:9; closest [2] - 211:24; 264:3 120:5; 122:1, 24; 123:4, Chetwynd [2] - 150:7; 222:5 200:15, 24; 282:21 closing [3] - 173:20; 193:2; 17; 124:24; 128:11, 21; Chief [3] - 121:8; 189:9; cites [1] - 29:16 228:21 130:9; 140:7; 153:14, 25; 190:22 citizen [1] - 12:3 Closing [2] - 5:5; 262:10 154:12; 155:23; 156:1, 4; chief [2] - 41:1; 42:7 citizens [4] - 24:5, 8; 33:25; cloud [16] - 135:13, 25; 157:15; 158:25; 159:3; CHIEF [6] - 189:11; 190:5, 41:15 146:18, 21; 147:22; 148:5; 161:6; 174:7; 186:17, 20; 21; 191:2, 15; 192:16 city [32] - 36:12; 46:9; 59:2; 150:14; 152:20; 209:1; 187:1, 10, 12, 21, 25; Chiefs [1] - 13:11 69:15; 71:12; 211:23; 215:3, 8; 217:2, 5; 223:23; 189:6; 192:9, 12, 15, 19; Chilcotin [1] - 96:3 223:13; 267:5, 19, 25; 225:2 199:14; 200:7, 13, 21, 24; Child [2] - 3:16; 47:24 268:2, 10, 25; 269:6, 8, 17, Club [5] - 125:6, 16; 128:4; 202:6, 12; 210:11; 228:4, child [15] - 28:25; 30:2; 48:8; 22, 25; 270:11, 15; 271:2, 131:19; 137:11 11, 20, 24; 229:14; 245:25; 50:4; 51:4, 10, 15, 18; 18; 272:8; 273:2, 13; Co [2] - 2:6 246:4, 8; 251:23; 260:6; 53:19; 54:23; 56:22; 58:8; 274:8; 275:10; 276:12, 17; co [2] - 168:13; 169:6 261:6, 13, 24; 283:7; 284:5 59:13, 20 277:4; 278:2 Co-Manager [2] - 2:6 chairs [1] - 284:18 childcare [5] - 27:6; 58:20; City [5] - 132:6; 136:9; co-occur [1] - 168:13 challenge [1] - 163:4 59:1, 3 266:12; 270:1, 19 co-occurring [1] - 169:6 challenged [1] - 77:13 childhood [1] - 50:25 city's [7] - 266:19, 21; coal [2] - 132:11; 134:4 challenges [3] - 42:6; children [19] - 48:18, 24; 268:13; 270:13, 25; 271:22 coarse [3] - 168:11, 21 101:22; 264:25 50:1, 10; 51:7, 12, 14; civil [1] - 206:16 coarse-filter/fine-filter [3] - chance [1] - 229:9 52:25; 53:9, 11, 25; 55:10, claims [2] - 243:15, 24 168:11, 21 change [24] - 9:7; 16:24; 13; 56:4, 18; 59:16; 60:2; clarification [3] - 8:7; 110:7; coast [1] - 102:19 32:11; 38:13; 80:17; 81:1; 76:16 255:10 Coast [2] - 21:10; 96:3 82:9; 99:16; 105:8; 109:5; Chillborne [1] - 132:21 clarify [8] - 104:22; 124:4; coat [1] - 216:6 111:5, 22; 112:12; 134:25; choice [1] - 225:14 201:7, 15; 257:21; 264:14; cockpit [1] - 211:19 154:8; 155:18; 166:14; choices [2] - 57:17; 208:19 273:18, 24 codes [1] - 276:12 233:23; 239:25; 246:22; choked [2] - 222:15, 19 clarity [1] - 97:21 coffee [4] - 61:4; 202:7; 252:8; 259:18; 283:19 choose [4] - 87:24; 107:18; classic [2] - 163:24; 178:19 221:3; 222:23 changed [4] - 90:25; 146:11; 134:25; 135:5 classifications [1] - 122:15 coincidence [1] - 147:16 197:20; 214:8 chosen [2] - 8:18; 138:18 clauses [1] - 90:15 cold [6] - 226:19, 21-22; changes [20] - 17:3; 54:25; CHRIS [27] - 82:2; 83:4, 18; CLEAN [1] - 1:2 227:10; 255:16 76:21, 23; 77:6; 98:4; 84:9; 93:8; 103:9; 104:17, clear [14] - 32:6; 33:1; 44:16; collaborate [1] - 21:17 99:15; 109:17, 21; 144:4; 24; 106:6, 9; 107:11; 105:7; 156:8; 180:14; collaborating [1] - 269:25 154:9; 185:9; 235:9; 108:10; 109:20, 24; 203:2; 205:18; 208:12; collaboration [1] - 28:3 239:20; 240:22; 255:6; 110:16; 111:8; 112:24; 227:15; 236:13; 241:20; collaborative [1] - 263:8 256:17; 258:11; 263:23; 113:2, 16, 20; 114:20, 23; 242:3; 273:7 collaboratively [1] - 268:12 283:17 116:12; 119:9, 20; 122:2; clearly [15] - 20:8, 24; 24:23; collaring [4] - 107:16; changing [6] - 54:4; 103:6; 123:19 28:14; 30:24; 31:23; 41:1, 118:17, 22; 124:14 105:10; 127:23; 163:5; 4; 99:19; 145:4; 168:20; Chris [5] - 3:20; 61:22; colleague [2] - 8:5; 107:25 247:1 214:19; 217:15; 227:15; 62:18; 82:25; 125:7 colleagues [4] - 65:6; 70:25; character [1] - 103:7 Chris' [2] - 91:13; 128:6 240:10 75:15; 153:15 characteristics [1] - 72:2 client [4] - 51:17; 70:10; chronic [1] - 40:6 collect [1] - 181:12 characterization [1] - 97:16 82:3; 86:8 chunk [2] - 67:21; 155:11 collected [5] - 176:14; 187:4; characterize [2] - 194:11; CHURCHILL [4] - 130:13; clientele [11] - 76:21, 23; 189:22; 201:22; 241:16 254:4 77:11; 80:19; 85:9, 12, 16, 140:9; 156:24; 157:24 collection [3] - 171:12; characterized [2] - 201:18; Churchill [12] - 4:9; 128:23; 20; 86:1; 88:3; 99:16 251:6; 253:10 251:16 clients [8] - 51:13, 20; 52:6, 130:9, 11, 14; 140:7; collective [1] - 167:3 characterizing [1] - 194:8 19; 82:23; 94:16; 130:24 153:14; 154:1; 156:10; collectively [2] - 166:24; charge [2] - 16:3; 203:24 159:1; 195:10; 282:7 climb [2] - 148:22; 228:1 203:2 charged [1] - 102:14 clinic [3] - 31:13; 38:9, 22 circle [1] - 208:15 College [3] - 132:18; 231:22; charity [1] - 49:12 circling [1] - 209:6 clinician [1] - 58:24 279:18 CHARL [6] - 27:22; 30:17; clinicians [1] - 53:7 circulating [1] - 67:7 colleges [1] - 38:13 43:1; 44:3; 45:24; 47:17 clinics [4] - 38:18; 41:3; circumstances [1] - 45:23 collision [2] - 129:25; 130:4 Charl [3] - 3:14; 26:10; 27:21 44:15 CIRUNA [33] - 159:15; 160:7, Colorado [1] - 211:12 Charles [1] - 150:12 clockwise [1] - 226:10 13; 161:8; 174:20, 23; colours [1] - 214:3 Charlie [1] - 218:22 close [6] - 26:17, 23; 95:22; 175:17, 23; 176:2; 177:23; COLUMBIA [2] - 1:3, 8 chart [1] - 67:19 135:21; 180:9; 212:7 178:18; 180:4; 181:17; Columbia [69] - 1:24; 7:2; charts [1] - 69:22 closed [3] - 43:9; 218:25; 182:17; 183:23; 185:1; 21:8, 15; 22:4; 23:14; chased [1] - 127:2 186:16, 19, 21; 187:6, 11, 219:2 24:25; 62:6, 16; 64:15, 21; cheap [1] - 46:13 19, 22; 188:2; 189:15; closely [8] - 45:21; 95:18; 65:3, 14, 16; 66:23; 68:14, cheaper [1] - 46:19 190:8; 191:1, 8, 23; 100:2; 153:25; 166:20; 16, 19-20; 69:12; 70:1, 8, checked [1] - 222:1 192:11, 14; 195:22; 196:1 177:14; 178:3; 190:19
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 8
19, 23; 71:1, 3, 17, 25; 142:6; 147:8; 162:23; comparing [1] - 77:8 22:17; 41:10; 54:8; 55:24; 72:4; 74:11; 75:5; 86:4, 17; 168:14; 179:9; 207:14 comparison [2] - 89:18; 136:7; 144:25; 155:7; 92:4; 93:16; 94:9; 95:19, commonly [2] - 111:25; 242:17 165:12; 205:18; 206:4; 21; 96:2, 12-13; 99:23; 240:23 comparisons [2] - 52:1; 54:1 210:16; 213:9; 235:12, 24; 100:1, 3, 15, 18; 101:2; commonly-employed [1] - compensate [4] - 16:4; 254:23; 268:13; 270:25; 112:25; 113:4; 119:12; 240:23 145:2; 234:8, 20 277:16; 279:1; 280:19; 131:21, 25; 132:8, 17; communicate [1] - 263:13 compensating [2] - 151:23; 283:14 143:12, 17; 144:8; 145:19, communicating [1] - 23:23 249:25 concise [2] - 135:19; 156:8 22, 25; 146:6, 12; 158:23; communication [2] - 204:10; Compensation [1] - 143:24 conclude [3] - 173:13, 18 159:8; 164:9; 232:13; 216:8 compensation [27] - 83:16; concluded [2] - 278:8 241:14; 285:4 communications [3] - 79:16; 84:8, 10; 90:6; 142:19, 21; concludes [1] - 20:20 Columbia's [2] - 64:24; 263:9, 11 143:1, 12; 144:9; 145:24; conclusion [1] - 249:17 69:21 communities [53] - 15:1; 146:7; 151:13, 18, 25; conclusions [6] - 204:25; column [1] - 8:14 17:13, 15; 19:4; 22:18, 22; 232:23; 233:12; 234:15, 248:1, 7; 256:19; 257:8; combination [3] - 153:2, 6 24:8, 11; 28:16; 32:5, 21, 23; 236:1, 11, 13, 25; 259:15 combinations [1] - 241:24 23; 33:15; 34:12; 35:17; 237:8; 252:23; 261:3 concrete [1] - 45:22 combined [4] - 132:12; 41:13, 16, 20, 22; 42:13; competitive [2] - 35:2; 68:23 concur [1] - 92:13 149:13; 153:1, 5 44:8; 57:16; 75:12; 78:10, competitiveness [1] - 35:1 concurred [1] - 257:8 comfort [1] - 135:4 16; 85:25; 102:3, 5; complement [2] - 164:4; concurrently [2] - 19:8; comfortably [1] - 58:14 115:21; 116:21; 118:1; 271:16 21:20 coming [32] - 26:9, 11; 121:7, 20; 123:12; 145:8; complete [3] - 134:2; 186:21; condensation [1] - 225:1 32:23; 35:19; 37:19; 40:16; 146:8; 150:6; 165:11; 285:10 condition [14] - 162:20; 41:14; 49:23; 56:3; 58:16; 166:9, 21; 174:2; 176:10; completed [4] - 49:19; 239:5; 165:7; 167:17; 169:8; 59:25; 68:4; 69:6, 23; 70:9, 189:16, 18, 22; 261:8; 241:20; 283:3 170:3; 172:9; 176:20; 18, 20; 71:5; 78:13; 99:23; 263:17, 23; 278:10; completing [1] - 173:22 185:21; 188:7, 13, 25; 101:17; 105:15; 117:9; 279:21; 280:6 complex [5] - 33:21; 56:5; 194:20; 199:4 133:16; 181:21; 182:24; community [93] - 10:12; 59:17; 204:12 conditions [17] - 16:5, 7; 214:4; 215:9; 222:9; 12:18; 13:3; 14:12; 15:8, compliance [4] - 273:25; 18:22; 57:23; 147:15; 227:21; 228:2; 277:14 11, 18; 17:8; 18:13; 22:24; 274:1, 3, 5 166:6, 15; 170:21; 198:10; commenced [1] - 7:8 23:3; 24:17; 28:6; 29:6, 24; complicated [2] - 110:2; 208:17; 227:16; 248:23; comment [16] - 57:6; 80:23; 30:11; 31:12, 14; 32:17; 116:20 263:5; 270:7; 272:13, 15; 88:23; 92:14; 93:6; 97:2; 33:13; 34:4, 18; 35:14; complications [1] - 15:20 277:21 119:21; 123:18; 156:3; 36:8; 37:8, 17, 21; 38:5, complied [2] - 273:17, 23 condolences [1] - 204:21 11-12; 41:24; 42:4, 12; 157:19; 158:20; 192:17; complimentary [1] - 283:2 conduct [2] - 165:20, 22 46:2; 47:6; 48:14, 17; 49:3, 200:9; 215:25; 241:12; component [10] - 65:4; conducted [10] - 27:25; 282:12 7; 50:1, 21; 51:6; 53:22; 73:23; 99:24; 187:17; 163:11; 232:18, 21; commenting [1] - 262:22 54:13; 55:13, 16, 20; 245:12; 247:8; 252:16, 22; 238:13; 242:16; 250:10; Comments [1] - 5:4 60:25; 90:25; 94:20; 274:3 254:14; 262:25; 272:20 116:18; 125:17; 135:10; comments [23] - 5:5; 9:24; composition [1] - 252:9 conducting [4] - 10:10; 136:24; 144:3; 147:11; 44:23; 47:12; 60:9; 80:12, comprehensive [3] - 12:14; 143:25; 202:3; 230:18 148:16; 149:9, 20; 152:22, 15; 94:4; 96:24; 97:1; 144:15; 274:10 confer [1] - 114:24 25; 153:3, 21; 154:3, 19; 142:19; 193:2, 9, 12; compress [1] - 16:8 confidence [3] - 242:2; 155:11, 13-14; 205:19; 194:2; 228:21; 252:1; compromise [1] - 216:12 278:15, 17 254:2; 256:16; 262:10; 212:1; 214:23; 217:24; computers [1] - 131:4 confidential [1] - 263:25 263:20; 272:4 264:3, 6; 265:1; 266:19; concentrate [1] - 94:2 configuration [1] - 111:17 commercial [2] - 90:12; 267:2, 20; 277:6, 10, 15, concentrating [1] - 85:11 confines [1] - 145:5 205:14 19; 279:3; 280:17 concentrations [3] - 8:13; confirm [8] - 6:3; 9:12; commute [1] - 17:16 Commission [7] - 136:3; 26:15, 19 207:3; 231:5; 242:19; 178:4; 272:9, 11, 18; commuted [1] - 134:7 concept [3] - 114:7; 136:16; 250:11; 264:1; 283:23 274:22; 275:4 companies [3] - 16:1, 15; 169:1 confirmation [1] - 250:14 commission [2] - 274:25; 220:15 conceptual [1] - 234:23 conflict [1] - 151:7 275:2 company [4] - 58:5; 132:22; concern [20] - 17:4; 29:17; conflicting [2] - 19:12; 30:18 commitment [3] - 22:9; 238:21; 282:5 43:18; 54:24; 55:3, 5; confluence [1] - 125:19 131:1, 4 comparability [1] - 77:6 60:22; 220:7; 232:24; connections [1] - 166:22 commitments [3] - 18:22; comparable [3] - 75:10; 233:16; 236:19; 238:14; connectivity [1] - 143:20 19:14; 278:16 86:8; 268:15 251:3; 253:16; 254:10; consecutive [2] - 66:7, 22 committed [7] - 11:5; 12:22; comparative [1] - 75:17 267:21; 268:19; 269:8 consequences [1] - 29:7 264:12; 265:4; 277:6; compare [5] - 52:23; 75:22; concerned [7] - 15:4; 18:5; conservation [10] - 133:3; 76:3; 162:19; 242:19 279:13; 281:12 29:16; 30:9; 109:4; 137:10; 137:5, 8, 12-13; 158:14; compared [11] - 38:6; 39:17, committee [6] - 13:8, 15; 260:1 238:15, 17; 249:15 145:10; 277:7, 12 24; 40:7, 9, 11; 43:7; concerning [2] - 114:17; Conservation [3] - 4:10; 44:20; 126:25; 171:3; committees [2] - 181:2, 13 235:25 130:11; 158:8 common [8] - 32:17; 84:14; 220:18 concerns [23] - 14:23; 19:21; conservative [2] - 240:16;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 9
241:6 18; 282:17 convert [2] - 71:2, 5 184:1, 8; 228:24; 262:7, consider [21] - 17:18; 21:2; consultees [2] - 141:15; convince [1] - 195:15 16; 273:15; 281:1 25:7; 111:10; 116:13, 16; 142:5 convinced [2] - 198:21; coupled [1] - 15:14 119:3; 123:14; 151:3, 10; consulting [1] - 132:22 228:7 couples [1] - 46:16 198:23; 205:4; 206:24; Consulting [3] - 230:21; cooled [8] - 211:1, 3-4; course [7] - 72:21; 74:14; 207:6, 16, 22; 215:9; 231:19; 232:17 215:8, 16; 218:15; 224:9; 86:18; 109:9, 19; 224:5; 222:4; 235:13; 250:19; consumer [1] - 96:5 226:1 279:18 251:8 consumer's [1] - 101:22 cools [1] - 215:11 courses [1] - 171:7 considerable [4] - 124:15; consumers [1] - 96:10 cooperative [1] - 95:24 COURT [1] - 2:13 128:14; 215:16; 267:18 consumption [1] - 263:18 coordinated [4] - 163:3; courtesy [1] - 251:15 considerably [1] - 204:23 contact [2] - 97:8; 148:15 164:13; 166:3; 252:25 Courtney [1] - 2:6 consideration [10] - 7:12; contain [2] - 161:10; 226:1 coordinated-area-based [1] cover [9] - 126:2; 152:16; 20:7; 109:8; 121:21; 151:4; contains [2] - 215:3, 8 - 164:13 245:17; 247:5, 16; 255:19; 194:14; 250:23; 265:15; content [3] - 230:10, 25; Copper [1] - 195:7 262:17; 265:14 266:18; 283:11 234:12 copy [3] - 83:17; 244:23; covered [4] - 97:17; 128:14; considerations [2] - 14:24; context [11] - 20:14; 54:13; 264:10 217:8; 262:13 116:9 63:20; 65:23; 155:3, 6; core [2] - 64:21; 183:5 Coxon [1] - 270:12 considered [18] - 54:13; 178:21; 261:7 corporate [2] - 12:3; 146:13 crack [1] - 82:12 70:8; 98:5, 9; 119:23; contexts [1] - 154:25 corporation [7] - 21:1; 23:12; crackfill [1] - 219:2 120:15; 121:25; 123:1; contextual [1] - 20:5 64:22; 71:1; 138:3; 211:14; Craig [1] - 2:9 155:4; 201:17, 23; 203:9; contingencies [1] - 152:16 214:1 Cranbrook [1] - 207:5 213:2; 236:20; 251:4; continue [20] - 11:20; 54:3; correct [12] - 9:4; 27:2; crash [2] - 42:23; 204:1 264:22; 266:8; 284:1 60:22; 68:21; 69:9; 104:22; 106:16; 140:14; crashes [4] - 40:4, 12-13; considering [2] - 162:6; 76:23-25; 77:2; 128:5; 178:18; 181:17; 187:1, 5-6; 43:20 249:22 146:15; 171:17; 173:24; 189:15; 285:10 create [9] - 19:12; 20:25; considers [1] - 162:16 176:1; 190:3; 246:6; correlation [1] - 80:2 38:9; 180:16; 193:7; 198:9; consistency [1] - 268:5 275:11; 280:25; 281:8 correspondence [1] - 234:11 199:3; 269:1; 277:6 consistent [10] - 9:6; 25:16; Continued [2] - 4:22; 5:2 corresponding [1] - 168:17 created [5] - 20:17; 37:5; 124:10; 163:2; 165:5; continued [2] - 243:4; 248:3 corresponds [1] - 160:22 137:4, 9; 272:9 166:3; 179:5; 253:7; 263:3; continues [2] - 70:2; 280:1 corridor [1] - 107:1 creates [4] - 35:22, 24; 268:15 continuing [7] - 67:13; corridors [1] - 106:24 43:17; 134:13 consisting [1] - 13:9 100:11; 135:10; 136:3; cost [18] - 14:11; 15:6, 19; creating [1] - 77:16 conspired [1] - 159:11 191:13; 253:22; 266:1 16:13; 17:8; 24:21; 37:8; creation [4] - 237:16; 243:10; constant [1] - 226:13 contract [1] - 58:23 70:8, 13; 135:12, 24; 247:24; 256:20 constantly [3] - 148:14; contracting [1] - 209:25 136:13; 143:9; 147:4; creations [1] - 35:12 246:13; 247:15 contractor [2] - 279:10 150:20; 151:11; 205:6 creche [1] - 46:18 Constitutional [1] - 97:12 contractors [3] - 19:11; 23:2; cost-effective [1] - 150:20 creches [1] - 46:15 constraints [1] - 16:12 268:24 costs [6] - 15:25; 22:17; credentials [5] - 205:21; constructed [1] - 235:20 contrary [2] - 139:18; 153:10 37:13; 137:4; 165:9; 219:1 209:12, 22, 24; 210:4 construction [32] - 10:25; contribute [3] - 156:21; council [8] - 12:13; 28:3; credibility [1] - 19:13 15:7, 14; 17:6, 9, 17, 21; 199:12; 268:16 29:11; 33:2; 36:12; 46:9; credible [1] - 214:13 18:19; 19:2; 23:8; 98:10, contributes [1] - 268:6 211:10; 272:12 credit [1] - 37:6 20; 101:10; 143:16; 144:4; contribution [4] - 26:22; councillor [1] - 132:5 Creek [12] - 6:10; 115:5; 149:23; 197:21; 238:16; 212:17; 268:2; 276:23 Councillor [1] - 268:18 131:12; 159:18; 160:20, 254:3, 9; 270:5, 7, 10; contributions [1] - 140:2 councils [1] - 121:8 23; 172:4; 175:1; 180:9; 277:8, 13, 17; 279:25; control [8] - 208:10; 211:20; Counsel [8] - 2:4, 9-10; 3:13; 222:5; 282:23 280:4; 281:18, 20 212:10; 213:6; 215:17; 4:18; 13:24; 229:21 Creston [3] - 130:22; 150:4, constructive [3] - 10:2; 22:8, 216:1; 217:13; 221:11 counsel [5] - 14:3; 62:5; 6 13 controlled [1] - 146:8 159:8; 229:25; 279:1 crime [3] - 39:18; 41:2; consult [4] - 42:12; 124:5; controller [1] - 228:2 Counsel) [4] - 3:18; 4:15; 149:23 175:11; 180:2 Controllers [3] - 210:3; 61:19; 229:17 criminal [1] - 36:24 consult" [1] - 140:23 218:2; 220:12 count [4] - 43:6; 125:16, 18; crisis [3] - 36:6, 9; 148:24 consultant [2] - 209:11; convened [1] - 62:7 128:1 crisp [1] - 77:13 215:22 convenience [1] - 141:6 counteract [1] - 112:21 criteria [1] - 167:11 consultants [5] - 11:10; convention [1] - 206:16 countries [3] - 31:22; 40:23; critical [7] - 16:10; 74:1; 53:8; 133:6; 259:25; conventions [1] - 71:15 68:24 101:21; 128:9; 150:25; 269:25 conversation [8] - 56:20; country [8] - 31:9; 73:25; 233:4; 236:24 consultation [17] - 118:19; 104:13; 116:21; 117:11; 85:21; 90:8, 13; 91:16; critters [2] - 125:19; 127:16 135:23; 140:11, 20; 118:9; 156:11; 188:18 99:7; 133:12 cross [6] - 107:5, 21-22; 141:24; 142:4, 13-14, 18; conversations [1] - 54:17 couple [18] - 9:25; 47:2; 127:7, 17 149:2, 7; 205:13; 206:1; converse [1] - 169:21 51:8; 53:24; 54:7; 55:1, 23; crossing [3] - 127:13, 21; 282:13, 20 conversion [1] - 245:19 76:17; 87:8; 90:1; 102:17; 133:22 consultations [3] - 141:12,
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 10
crossings [1] - 253:16 144:4, 7; 146:18, 22; days [12] - 59:24; 67:2; default [1] - 217:18 crosswalk [1] - 47:10 147:22; 148:19, 25; 98:14; 133:22; 215:7; defensible [1] - 259:2 crowded [1] - 69:4 150:13; 152:21; 153:23; 225:24; 255:13; 260:7; deficiencies [1] - 232:21 Crown [9] - 21:1; 23:12, 154:6; 157:8; 158:12; 262:7, 16; 284:4 deficient [4] - 233:18; 16-17, 24; 64:22; 70:25; 197:21; 198:3; 217:25; daytime [1] - 255:21 235:22; 249:9 108:15; 214:1 238:15; 244:10; 270:5; dead [1] - 47:15 define [8] - 65:25; 67:18; crud [1] - 217:4 281:19 deal [24] - 8:25; 23:10; 38:25; 79:24; 101:18; 165:18; CSR(A [3] - 2:15; 285:3, 19 Dam [5] - 77:7, 9; 198:1, 3; 90:19; 91:6; 101:24; 166:22; 182:1; 264:20 cubic [4] - 8:16; 26:17; 281:10 135:22; 136:1, 6; 137:3, defined [1] - 168:20 214:24; 215:5 damage [1] - 16:5 18; 138:8, 15-16, 23; defining [1] - 178:14 culling [1] - 156:5 dams [13] - 77:15; 92:6, 16; 139:19, 23; 140:5; 151:5; definite [1] - 75:6 CULLING [3] - 156:6; 157:16; 93:5; 143:17; 145:17; 208:6; 209:9; 211:2, 15; definitely [9] - 45:1; 54:10; 159:2 148:11; 193:13; 195:9, 17, 215:21 55:6; 75:4; 77:3, 15; 81:7; cultural [4] - 71:23; 97:20; 21; 197:10 dealing [5] - 6:6; 84:2, 21; 82:21; 180:18 100:10; 266:7 Dane [1] - 133:15 86:6; 264:25 definition [5] - 66:2, 14, 17, culture [10] - 72:19; 97:13; Dane-Zaa [1] - 133:15 deals [2] - 65:13; 84:3 22; 140:22 99:22, 24; 100:13, 18, 24; dark [10] - 135:13, 24; dealt [1] - 138:14 definitions [1] - 141:12 133:15; 148:13; 149:8 146:18, 21; 147:22; 148:5, death [2] - 40:3; 127:3 defrost [1] - 225:18 cultures [4] - 69:15; 97:5, 7, 8; 150:14; 152:20; 217:6 deaths [3] - 40:12, 15, 23 defrosts [1] - 226:4 10 Darvill [2] - 266:5 debatable [1] - 94:24 degree [5] - 103:16; 131:20, cumulative [53] - 14:13; Daryl [2] - 3:9; 7:23 debris [2] - 245:15; 255:19 23; 249:9; 279:6 17:6; 19:16, 19; 20:1, 15, dashed [1] - 162:22 debt [1] - 36:6 degrees [4] - 215:10; 218:8; 19, 21; 21:3, 23; 139:12, data [45] - 8:10; 30:10; 40:18; decade [4] - 132:15; 148:17; 225:11 16; 144:14; 151:1, 9; 42:25; 58:6; 117:14; 118:5; 254:13 delay [1] - 25:12 152:24; 153:10; 159:17; 167:16; 168:2; 171:13; decades [6] - 103:3; 138:2; deliberations [1] - 251:22 160:2, 18; 161:18, 24; 175:12, 16-17, 20; 176:1, 142:11; 154:4; 155:10; delicate [1] - 94:7 162:10, 15, 25; 163:10, 20; 4, 14, 17; 180:14; 181:12; 156:16 delighted [2] - 156:7, 9 164:3, 19; 165:1, 12, 15, 187:3; 189:23; 194:23; December [2] - 121:13; deliver [3] - 45:14; 65:18; 23; 167:25; 173:25; 174:4; 197:8, 16, 25; 198:3-5, 7, 232:15 225:10 15; 200:3; 201:24; 214:15; 176:25; 177:3; 179:4, 14; decide [1] - 73:1 delivered [1] - 10:6 241:13, 16; 242:11; 260:2; 192:24; 193:7; 194:3, 10; decided [1] - 150:1 delivery [3] - 64:20; 65:5, 11 263:8, 18; 264:16 195:19; 196:4, 17; 201:23; decimates [1] - 147:11 demand [7] - 64:25; 95:10; 202:17; 223:20; 282:23; data-gathering [1] - 263:8 decision [27] - 25:5; 120:23; 170:22; 265:1; 269:13; 283:11 database [1] - 202:5 121:5; 123:2; 124:1; 135:5; 279:7, 12 [1] databases [1] - 201:21 cumulatively - 16:21 161:25; 163:6; 164:10, demobilization [1] - 280:8 [20] datas [1] - 136:21 current - 15:15; 124:10; 12-15, 17, 22-23; 166:2; democratic [1] - 41:16 datasets [1] - 176:13 125:23; 135:23; 138:24; 171:8; 207:16; 208:2; demographic [5] - 74:6; 162:20; 165:6, 8; 166:12; date [7] - 175:15; 199:23; 209:7, 13; 214:22; 222:12; 76:13; 82:24; 105:20; 167:17; 170:3; 172:9; 200:2; 201:11, 19-20; 275:20; 277:22 117:15 185:21; 188:12; 194:19; 202:23 decision-makers [3] - demonstrate [1] - 236:4 197:20; 264:13; 265:12; dating [1] - 198:7 164:22; 166:2; 171:8 demonstration [4] - 161:20, 266:21; 267:24 Dave [2] - 4:8; 129:19 decision-making [11] - 25:5; 23; 176:8; 186:4 curves [2] - 216:2; 258:10 DAVID [5] - 9:1; 26:13; 161:25; 163:6; 164:10, dense [1] - 215:8 customer [1] - 86:6 27:12, 17; 256:15 12-15, 17, 23; 222:12 densification [1] - 267:8 customized [1] - 254:18 David [4] - 9:1; 42:8; 102:21; decisions [8] - 22:3; 93:10; densities [1] - 124:18 cut [1] - 184:21 139:24 162:4, 13; 163:21; 171:6; density [3] - 105:24; 111:12; cutblocks [1] - 185:6 DAVIES [1] - 63:15 210:4; 261:11 240:1 cuts [2] - 127:3; 184:20 Davies [2] - 4:1; 63:12 [1] declared - 214:6 density-dependent [1] - CVs [1] - 232:14 davis [1] - 62:23 decline [4] - 106:22; 117:7; 111:12 cycle [1] - 35:9 [6] Davis - 3:19; 61:20; 252:13; 279:23 department [2] - 203:17; cycles [8] - 28:15; 31:21, 23; 62:11; 63:10; 64:1; 281:15 declined [2] - 106:21; 172:21 250:8 32:5; 34:15, 19; 41:23; [12] DAVIS - 64:3, 6; 79:19, decrease [2] - 138:20; Department [2] - 250:7, 12 279:21 23; 80:23; 82:16; 85:18; 139:19 departure [1] - 219:16 cyclic [1] - 224:5 86:16; 87:16; 94:6; 99:11; decreased [1] - 106:15 dependent [2] - 111:12; 103:22 dedicated [1] - 282:4 256:5 Dawson [11] - 6:10; 115:5; D deemed [4] - 142:17; 152:21; depicted [1] - 29:14 159:18; 160:20, 23; 172:4; 153:8; 217:19 deprived [1] - 19:4 174:25; 180:9; 222:5; deep [4] - 45:16; 127:1; D'Arcy [2] - 3:9; 7:22 depth [3] - 117:10; 153:20; 282:23 206:13; 255:20 dad [1] - 51:16 188:18 day-by-day [1] - 149:16 deer [15] - 106:4, 8, 18, 20; [1] dads [1] - 36:18 derived - 230:11 day-to-day [1] - 246:14 107:13, 22; 110:1; 125:25; describe [4] - 72:14; 197:9; dam [25] - 41:25; 42:15; daycare [4] - 46:18; 54:24; 126:3, 5, 20-21; 127:17; 135:25; 136:10; 137:21; 234:6; 244:20 55:2, 6 158:19
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 11
described [10] - 22:7; 31:21; 164:1; 168:16; 170:15, 20; 197:12 264:11 154:10; 239:23; 255:2, 9; 173:1, 9; 178:5; 185:4; directors [2] - 49:6; 100:6 documents [2] - 113:13, 25 256:22; 265:23; 279:20; 210:25; 218:14; 220:25; dirty [1] - 152:6 Doig [2] - 121:17; 125:20 283:1 235:22; 236:21; 248:21; disagreed [3] - 194:23; dollar [3] - 68:15; 216:19, 24 describes [1] - 265:11 251:5; 261:4, 22; 265:15, 195:12 dollars [6] - 19:9; 35:5; DESCRIPTION [2] - 3:2; 6:2 21; 266:20; 277:23; disappear [1] - 149:22 49:13; 140:1; 158:16; design [5] - 118:20; 144:16; 280:15; 283:10 disasters [1] - 37:5 220:6 210:25; 260:1; 282:19 developments [7] - 101:12; discover [1] - 99:7 domestic [1] - 67:6 designated [3] - 125:17; 132:25; 137:7; 144:1; discovering [1] - 93:15 domestically [1] - 70:2 172:6; 173:4 145:23; 172:21; 193:20 discuss [10] - 25:22; 167:2; donations [1] - 140:2 designed [3] - 225:10; 244:4; develops [1] - 274:1 190:14; 243:7; 256:23; done [57] - 34:17; 41:25; 260:23 DFO [5] - 257:3, 18-19; 265:3; 271:3; 277:10, 18; 43:3, 14; 45:22; 75:15, 20; designing [1] - 163:1 259:5, 20 281:1 89:12; 96:6; 100:14; 101:3; desirable [1] - 139:9 DFO's [1] - 257:7 discussed [12] - 191:25; 112:23; 114:1, 6; 118:22; desired [2] - 22:1; 164:17 diagram [2] - 223:19; 227:6 196:17; 208:21, 25; 209:9; 120:4, 22; 121:5; 123:13; desk [1] - 229:1 diagrams [1] - 205:3 218:4; 264:25; 265:20; 124:8, 11; 128:2; 135:22; desktop [1] - 189:14 dialogue [5] - 22:8; 118:4; 268:25; 278:24; 279:16; 136:1, 6; 137:3, 18; 138:8, despite [5] - 37:15; 146:24; 120:8, 17; 138:1 283:15 15-16, 23; 139:19, 23-24; 234:10; 248:8; 256:7 DIANE [3] - 156:6; 157:16; discussing [2] - 146:23; 140:5; 151:5; 167:8; Destination [5] - 62:16; 159:2 266:3 178:13; 179:23; 181:22; 64:21, 23; 71:1; 74:11 Diane [1] - 2:15 discussion [13] - 13:18; 184:24; 185:2, 23; 186:18; destination [4] - 69:5, 17; dictate [1] - 16:9 56:15; 63:4; 97:14; 141:17; 187:4; 195:5; 198:2; 199:8; 70:14; 71:3 dictionary [1] - 140:22 190:22; 193:20; 196:21; 229:10, 12; 240:25; 241:1, destinations [1] - 70:8 die [1] - 127:16 199:1; 209:1; 247:14; 21; 242:23; 267:19 detail [10] - 128:14; 167:8; difference [4] - 32:1; 41:10; 266:2, 20 done-deal [8] - 137:3, 18; 181:20; 184:15; 234:17; 276:23 discussions [12] - 10:2; 138:8, 15-16, 23; 139:19; 239:13; 243:23; 249:16; differences [1] - 163:9 11:21; 21:13; 57:10, 13, 151:5 250:4; 283:16 different [34] - 32:25; 40:3; 19; 78:22; 104:21; 178:8; Donnelly [1] - 269:23 detailed [3] - 107:16; 154:15; 59:2; 73:7; 77:10-12; 196:14; 265:4; 280:22 door [1] - 148:22 173:18 80:13; 90:14; 92:22; 95:24; diseases [1] - 40:6 doors [1] - 283:8 details [7] - 80:21; 106:2; 96:11; 104:20; 106:18; dismiss [1] - 206:3 doubt [1] - 142:12 151:19; 236:6; 243:16; 107:19; 110:1; 114:8, 18; dismissed [1] - 136:9 Douglas [1] - 21:9 278:12 143:15; 180:1, 24; 181:7, Disneyland [1] - 70:13 down [40] - 25:20; 35:4; 38:4; determinants [1] - 48:22 13; 184:16; 185:10, 25; dispersed [1] - 124:17 40:17; 43:2; 53:21; 54:15, determine [7] - 20:5; 41:16; 193:9; 242:22; 246:21; dispersion [1] - 226:25 19; 63:20; 64:3; 72:11; 88:21; 109:16; 110:25; 258:17; 272:20, 24; 275:6 display [3] - 211:18, 20; 80:4; 110:19, 22; 111:1, 234:7; 238:14 differentiate [3] - 112:24; 218:15 20; 118:3; 133:16; 158:6; determined [6] - 11:3; 113:3, 5 displays [1] - 233:3 161:7; 172:20; 187:8; 108:18; 174:15; 182:19; differently [1] - 186:1 dispute [1] - 278:6 191:10; 192:13; 207:18; 271:16; 275:22 difficult [17] - 32:19; 38:14, disquisition [1] - 228:14 208:7; 215:11; 217:8; determining [3] - 102:15; 25; 40:18; 43:1, 11; 77:9; disruption [1] - 205:6 219:4, 7, 20; 224:11; 144:2; 238:9 83:5, 13; 107:17; 112:2; distance [2] - 211:25; 279:3 225:13; 226:17, 21; develop [18] - 29:18; 34:8, 119:17; 146:2; 197:3; distinction [1] - 66:10 227:13; 246:2; 260:10; 285:7 22; 41:12; 42:13; 81:14; 210:19; 227:3; 246:12 District [3] - 132:2; 273:11; 138:11; 144:10; 157:7; difficulty [1] - 147:1 276:1 downfall [1] - 128:9 166:1; 173:6; 218:14; digestive [1] - 40:6 disturb [1] - 211:5 downstream [3] - 145:5, 12; 197:18 223:8; 247:20; 250:24; dilemma [1] - 36:9 disturbances [2] - 184:14, 263:14; 276:3 Dinosaur [1] - 174:17 19 downwind [1] - 215:11 developed [10] - 36:12; direct [7] - 83:5, 14; 178:24; disturbed [3] - 184:23; dozen [1] - 82:8 95:10; 103:18; 157:5; 179:16; 193:18; 271:13; 194:13; 211:4 Dr [36] - 2:2; 3:14, 20; 4:11; 212:21; 234:16; 236:14; 276:22 disturbing [1] - 53:2 26:10; 27:19, 21; 30:15; 42:7, 21; 44:22, 25; 45:4; 259:6; 266:18 directed [3] - 220:21; 252:25; diverse [2] - 72:14; 137:23 47:9; 48:3, 6, 21; 51:21; developing [4] - 173:14; 265:23 diversity [1] - 69:14 54:9; 61:23; 112:13; 129:4; 192:1; 223:4; 270:1 directing [1] - 236:25 divert [1] - 221:15 152:19; 160:11; 161:6; Development [2] - 3:16; direction [10] - 23:23; 64:13; divide [2] - 71:25; 141:15 174:7; 192:9; 200:15, 24; 47:25 146:11; 177:8, 20; 179:1; division [2] - 28:9; 32:16 257:6; 259:20; 279:20; development [49] - 10:18, 181:2; 197:13; 204:9; document [7] - 193:25; 280:14; 282:21 21; 12:17; 20:7; 32:9; 37:4, 220:4 194:1; 230:14; 232:16; DR [39] - 27:22; 30:17; 43:1; 8; 48:8; 50:25; 51:6, 10; directions [1] - 195:2 264:10; 275:13; 277:1 44:3; 45:24; 47:17; 159:15; 52:2; 53:19; 54:23; 56:22; directly [6] - 10:4; 53:8; 96:5; documentation [2] - 232:20; 160:7, 13; 161:8; 174:20, 59:14; 81:6, 10; 83:1; 100:7; 251:24; 282:19 248:8 94:20; 100:5; 102:16; 23; 175:17, 23; 176:2; director [7] - 62:12, 15, 18; documented [2] - 143:6; 151:2; 152:25; 162:17; 158:21; 159:20; 196:13; 177:23; 178:18; 180:4;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 12
181:17; 182:17; 183:23; 144:17; 155:7; 196:7, 24; 74:17; 81:21, 25 263:2; 264:19; 265:18; 185:1; 186:16, 19, 21; 197:20; 206:9; 213:21; Edge [4] - 64:16, 18, 20; 71:9 266:9; 275:18 187:6, 11, 19, 22; 188:2; 236:20; 243:9, 11; 250:6; Edmonton [2] - 204:4; either [7] - 16:21; 82:5; 189:15; 190:8; 191:1, 8, 251:4; 252:22; 254:3, 9; 223:10 101:19; 137:22; 152:16; 23; 192:11, 14; 195:22; 255:13, 21; 263:24; 270:5, education [4] - 37:2; 43:25; 154:17; 177:6 196:1 7, 10; 281:18 44:12 El [1] - 224:4 draft [7] - 11:7; 186:23; duty [1] - 279:17 educations [1] - 44:11 elaborate [1] - 174:18 187:2; 264:13, 15, 18; dynamic [3] - 155:21; effect [17] - 83:6; 109:7, 12; Elders [1] - 121:7 276:19 239:24; 240:11 111:22; 112:22; 151:16; elected [1] - 227:22 drain [2] - 17:19; 244:10 dynamics [4] - 42:4; 154:3; 153:2; 163:22; 185:12; elections [1] - 35:12 drainage [1] - 132:14 259:2; 260:9 193:8; 194:4, 9-10; 195:19; electric [1] - 150:23 drains [1] - 22:18 260:13; 267:17 electrician [2] - 204:6, 12 draw [4] - 88:3; 97:5; 220:13; E effective [8] - 23:2; 137:6; electricity [5] - 12:6, 24-25; 271:25 145:12; 146:8; 150:20; 23:9 drawing [2] - 156:15; 157:18 248:22; 254:12; 263:14 Elementary [1] - 148:20 EA [4] - 18:23; 20:12; 274:2; drawn [2] - 72:16; 133:14 effectively [2] - 146:16; elements [3] - 65:5; 77:25; 277:22 dreaded [1] - 199:19 234:20 178:10 EAO [12] - 178:9; 179:12; dream [3] - 147:8; 150:12 effectiveness [7] - 143:2; elevation [2] - 107:14, 19 196:13, 23; 197:12; dreamer [1] - 50:13 145:16; 165:8; 193:23; elicit [2] - 39:13; 40:19 205:24; 273:13, 17, 23; Dreamer's [1] - 284:23 234:7; 235:16; 254:21 elk [13] - 106:4, 8, 10-11; 274:1, 3, 9 dreams [2] - 135:9; 147:6 effectness [1] - 143:9 107:21; 110:2; 111:3; early [9] - 36:17; 39:23; dressing [2] - 34:13; 42:10 effects [82] - 11:16; 14:13; 113:6, 8; 119:18; 126:7; 50:23, 25; 61:4; 104:3; dries [1] - 224:16 15:4; 17:5; 19:16, 19; 20:1, 127:14 118:20; 282:15 drifts [1] - 215:11 15, 19, 21; 21:24; 42:12; Elliott [1] - 240:25 earned [2] - 131:20, 23 drill [1] - 149:10 83:11; 111:6; 145:5; 151:9; elsewhere [8] - 67:10; 70:9; ease [2] - 85:9; 250:14 drilled [1] - 28:23 152:24; 156:12; 159:17; 71:4; 147:20; 208:5, 19; easier [1] - 47:5 drilling [1] - 34:21 160:2, 18; 161:19, 24; 234:13; 249:25 easily [3] - 66:19; 135:2; drink [1] - 214:8 162:6, 10, 15, 25; 163:10, embedded [1] - 49:8 183:15 drinkall [2] - 90:3, 8 20; 164:3, 19; 165:1, 12, embedding [1] - 271:5 east [5] - 130:1; 184:5; 15, 23; 167:25; 174:1, 4; Drinkall [1] - 83:8 emerged [1] - 87:20 212:16; 224:19, 22 176:25; 177:3; 179:4, 14; drinking [1] - 263:20 emergency [3] - 11:6; easterly [1] - 224:24 192:24; 193:22; 194:17; drive [5] - 43:5; 91:24; 96:6; 244:10; 269:7 eastern [4] - 48:10; 59:5; 195:21; 196:4, 17; 197:5, 157:20; 220:1 emerging [1] - 88:1 211:23; 213:18 9, 23; 198:13; 199:5, 12; drive-through [1] - 220:1 emission [2] - 215:9; 223:2 easy [5] - 60:2; 78:16; 120:3; 201:23; 234:5, 9, 20; driven [2] - 25:1; 130:21 emissions [3] - 214:6; 220:8; 224:2 235:8; 237:11; 243:15, 24; driver's [4] - 31:3; 36:24; 219:20; 227:4 easy-fix [1] - 60:2 244:18; 250:25; 254:6, 9; 39:12; 43:13 emphasize [1] - 125:12 eat [1] - 43:18 255:1; 256:20; 264:8, 21; drivers [3] - 43:15; 170:16 empirical [1] - 258:8 eaten [1] - 256:1 268:21; 270:21; 271:18; drives [3] - 92:2 employable [1] - 39:8 ecological [8] - 134:11; 272:8; 273:2; 274:8; driving [1] - 228:9 employed [4] - 240:19, 23; 143:18; 150:24; 152:25; 276:17; 282:24; 283:12 drop [6] - 36:3, 14, 20; 38:4; 243:1; 244:7 153:3; 168:14; 169:23 efficacy [2] - 151:17; 152:8 80:19; 244:11 employee [1] - 157:10 ecologists [1] - 121:22 efficiency [1] - 242:7 dropped [1] - 106:5 employers [1] - 59:13 ecology [2] - 131:22; 232:11 efficient [2] - 203:16; 229:10 dropping [1] - 69:5 employment [5] - 12:17; economic [15] - 7:13; 9:22; effort [6] - 43:3; 124:15, 21; drops [4] - 35:5; 207:8; 39:6; 66:13; 67:20; 134:5 32:2; 33:22; 34:19; 36:2; 137:21; 143:10; 230:16 243:12 empower [1] - 272:13 37:16; 41:22; 42:5; 135:6, efforts [9] - 18:25; 59:15; drove [1] - 148:18 empowering [2] - 18:14; 12; 139:2, 6; 155:2 137:16; 140:3; 237:1, 6; drug [2] - 39:13; 40:19 24:18 Economic [2] - 1:14; 7:6 251:18; 282:14 drunk [1] - 133:13 EMPs [1] - 277:25 economical [6] - 28:12; 29:5; eggs [1] - 239:10 dry [3] - 133:25; 225:22 enables [1] - 269:20 33:17; 36:9; 37:5, 10 eight [7] - 30:8; 48:13; 64:14; dual [1] - 131:21 encampments [1] - 102:25 economics [1] - 134:20 68:16; 211:8; 219:13; duct [1] - 222:17 encourage [4] - 19:19; economists [1] - 47:15 275:14 due [11] - 40:3, 12, 19; 22:12; 96:9; 279:9 economy [7] - 19:11; 20:23; EIS [43] - 8:9; 11:17; 16:19; encouraged [1] - 45:20 156:19; 159:4; 160:25; 35:13; 66:18, 20; 71:12; 17:12; 19:14, 17; 20:18; 237:10; 247:1; 263:24; end [14] - 37:9; 38:4; 50:7; 136:13 27:9, 15; 45:5; 123:23; 270:22 52:24; 56:24; 57:6; 92:22; ecosection [1] - 137:15 142:23; 143:4, 7; 144:19; Dumbrell [1] - 266:16 173:21; 186:23, 25; ecosystem [9] - 137:24; 151:4; 154:15; 155:8; 198:11; 199:10; 227:20; dumped [1] - 215:16 139:8; 143:15; 144:7; 177:7; 193:6, 10; 196:8; 280:3 Dunlevy [1] - 158:11 168:8; 253:1; 255:8; 266:6 197:10; 206:3; 209:17; endlessly [1] - 228:6 Dunvegan [1] - 195:8 ecosystems [4] - 133:25; 214:19; 234:4, 6; 244:17, endorsed [1] - 263:10 duration [2] - 20:24; 214:16 143:19, 23 19, 24; 248:16; 254:4; endowment [2] - 133:3; during [24] - 17:16; 22:24; ecotourism [4] - 71:16; 256:19, 22; 259:15; 260:4;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 13
137:9 197:12; 206:6; 213:21; 196:9; 259:25; 276:7 16, 20; 88:3; 89:18; 92:6; Endowment [2] - 4:10; 214:9; 228:16; 230:6; Europe [1] - 70:5 94:11; 103:23; 137:6; 130:12 257:5; 276:13 European [1] - 97:8 145:17; 154:21; 156:20; ends [1] - 156:2 environmental [27] - 22:1; evaluate [2] - 143:25; 271:6 166:14; 167:13; 176:4, enduring [1] - 13:12 33:19, 21; 139:12; 153:4, evaluating [1] - 232:2 12-13; 182:20; 187:7; energy [7] - 21:10; 87:25; 12; 165:4; 178:6, 24; evaluation [1] - 186:22 193:20; 194:14, 23; 88:1; 137:22; 178:5; 179:22; 180:6; 188:23; evening [2] - 266:11; 272:3 245:21; 247:18; 267:9; 217:17 190:25; 191:21; 192:3; event [1] - 244:10 275:19; 278:18; 281:9 Energy [2] - 133:10; 217:21 193:22; 195:16; 198:22; events [1] - 49:12 exotic [1] - 69:3 ENERGY [1] - 1:2 205:7; 214:5; 232:20; eventually [1] - 180:3 expand [1] - 180:15 enforce [2] - 272:13; 275:5 234:9; 265:8; 273:9; evergreen [1] - 90:14 expanded [4] - 49:14, 18; enforceable [2] - 18:22; 277:24 everywhere [1] - 227:15 55:1; 223:13 213:20 Environmental [16] - 131:2; evidence [2] - 20:5; 255:7 expanding [2] - 223:3; enforcement [4] - 273:8; 132:22; 133:10; 163:13, eviscerated [1] - 147:12 260:18 16, 25; 177:11, 22; 178:19; 274:4, 11; 275:16 evolve [3] - 97:11; 102:6; expansion [1] - 128:1 engage [6] - 21:22; 47:11; 193:18; 196:22; 198:2; 190:3 expansive [1] - 72:14 205:25; 230:20; 246:15; 173:24; 190:10; 253:25 exacerbate [1] - 16:15 expect [8] - 16:13; 82:7; 274:16 engaged [2] - 237:2; 282:20 exacerbated [1] - 19:22 153:22; 154:5; 252:5, 11; ENVIRONMENTAL [2] - 1:6, engagement [5] - 12:18; exact [1] - 84:1 279:6 8 13:4, 9; 261:20; 280:25 Exactly [1] - 200:20 expectation [1] - 23:22 environmentally [2] - engaging [2] - 24:11; 86:3 exactly [4] - 86:7; 107:17; Expectations [1] - 23:15 219:24; 221:7 engine [3] - 216:12; 221:5, 122:3; 209:21 expectations [1] - 24:1 environments [1] - 255:1 13 exaggerated [1] - 150:18 expected [9] - 76:21; 98:4; envisaged [1] - 112:22 England [1] - 241:1 examine [1] - 258:15 154:10, 16; 168:16; 235:9; envision [1] - 178:12 enhance [1] - 157:11 examined [1] - 55:7 244:21; 279:11 envisioning [1] - 180:15 expecting [3] - 99:15; enhanced [1] - 158:5 example [24] - 67:20; 68:5; equal [1] - 209:14 enhancement [11] - 132:12; 74:22; 100:6; 110:15; 106:16; 117:10 equipment [5] - 16:6; 18:12; 158:17; 232:23; 237:13, 137:8; 146:5; 154:21; expended [1] - 146:4 16; 247:23; 253:3, 11, 14, 24:17; 36:4; 279:17 161:2, 4; 168:25; 169:2, expending [1] - 260:19 18, 24 equipped [1] - 209:8 14, 17; 171:20; 173:19; expenditure [1] - 145:25 enhancements [1] - 233:21 ER [1] - 38:24 190:18; 237:8; 239:9, 18; expenditures [3] - 69:24; enhancing [1] - 237:9 erodes [1] - 226:21 240:2; 241:12; 253:14 75:21, 24 enjoy [4] - 70:12; 78:16; error [1] - 216:10 examples [4] - 166:16; expense [1] - 130:23 96:10; 157:4 errors [2] - 142:6; 204:24 195:6, 9; 222:13 expensive [3] - 46:24; enjoyed [1] - 132:7 ERs [1] - 38:23 exceed [2] - 173:1; 255:15 219:24; 221:5 enjoying [1] - 101:16 especially [8] - 85:17; 96:13; exceeded [3] - 131:3; experience [21] - 17:2; enjoyment [1] - 81:7 116:15; 191:22; 194:25; 152:18; 172:18 58:13; 71:23; 78:15; 80:17; ensure [5] - 19:1; 24:11; 195:20; 218:13; 225:7 excellence [1] - 12:21 85:5, 14; 88:10; 95:9; 251:19; 271:24; 278:19 Esq [3] - 2:4, 9 excellent [6] - 49:9; 82:16; 99:24; 100:13; 120:24; ensuring [1] - 24:7 essence [2] - 69:11; 178:13 85:18; 94:6, 22; 100:23 140:12, 18; 156:15; 157:6; enter [1] - 103:20 essential [1] - 19:4 except [2] - 171:23; 175:6 188:15; 232:1; 263:23; 264:8 entering [1] - 275:9 essentially [4] - 117:1; exceptional [4] - 69:18; enters [1] - 245:16 243:11, 21; 259:4 70:14; 85:5, 14 Experiences [2] - 82:20; entertain [1] - 228:11 establish [2] - 22:1; 236:12 excess [1] - 140:2 94:18 experiences [7] - 69:15, 19; enthusiasts [1] - 72:15 ESTABLISHED [1] - 1:2 excited [1] - 55:3 70:15; 91:16; 96:11; entire [3] - 75:9; 95:15; 158:6 established [13] - 13:8; 49:6, exciting [1] - 178:11 142:22 entirely [2] - 187:3; 259:6 10; 80:25; 88:20; 152:5, exclude [1] - 195:17 15; 172:11; 181:24; experiencing [1] - 280:18 entities [1] - 268:16 exclusive [1] - 167:20 245:21; 246:13; 247:18; expert [2] - 119:1; 133:9 entitled [3] - 23:14; 230:6; excuse [2] - 195:24; 283:7 279:17 expertise [6] - 107:25; 284:22 executive [4] - 62:11; establishing [4] - 162:23; 203:13; 206:14; 213:12; entrenched [1] - 48:17 158:21; 196:13; 197:12 179:8; 188:9; 203:4 214:11; 220:13 entrepreneur [1] - 81:13 executives [1] - 42:3 establishment [3] - 179:9; experts [5] - 11:18; 50:9; entrepreneurship [1] - 100:8 exempt [1] - 214:7 247:3; 277:3 228:18; 238:21; 282:16 envelopment [1] - 139:11 exercise [4] - 42:9; 43:18; esteemed [1] - 62:4 explain [3] - 85:3; 114:5; environment [13] - 66:7; 97:18, 20 estimate [4] - 151:13; 210:5 69:16; 91:13; 99:16; exercises [1] - 107:17 171:16; 244:14; 247:10 explained [2] - 44:6; 273:9 147:20; 169:24; 201:2; exercising [1] - 24:13 estimated [2] - 26:21; 244:13 explanation [1] - 259:4 205:9-11; 245:13 exhaustive [1] - 260:11 estimates [2] - 154:16; explicit [3] - 167:18; 187:23; Environment [20] - 1:14; 7:6; exist [2] - 114:19; 282:6 242:22 265:14 114:11, 24; 132:9; 136:8; existing [39] - 10:19; 14:15; et [11] - 91:18; 125:22; exploration [1] - 173:9 152:11; 156:16; 178:4; 16:22; 17:21; 19:22; 20:2; 127:19; 128:3; 141:6; exploring [1] - 163:5 193:16; 196:13, 15; 21:4; 57:11, 23; 75:4; 81:4, 169:11; 185:6; 195:7; express [4] - 189:4; 209:16;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 14
215:22 familiar [2] - 62:17; 133:24 272:2; 274:19; 276:5 254:2, 6-7, 11, 19-20; expressed [3] - 144:25; families [10] - 48:19, 24; finalize [1] - 270:11 255:4, 7, 11, 16, 19-20; 268:19; 269:8 50:1, 6; 53:9; 55:18, 21; finalized [2] - 196:14; 197:11 256:1, 8, 16; 257:11; expressing [1] - 147:25 56:2, 18; 149:21 finally [12] - 11:23; 13:6; 258:1, 4; 259:12; 263:7, 18 extend [4] - 160:25; 161:5, 9; family [14] - 28:9; 32:16; 24:23; 222:17; 226:7, 22; fish-stranding [2] - 243:15, 175:5 36:6; 50:5; 58:19; 59:2; 269:17; 275:14; 276:22; 19 extended [2] - 161:13 73:11; 130:25; 134:8; 278:14; 281:23; 283:13 fisheries [20] - 11:10, 18; extension [2] - 29:12; 267:13 135:3, 9; 148:10, 15; 282:9 finance [2] - 85:10; 132:4 145:14; 231:20, 23; extensive [4] - 194:1; 232:1; far [13] - 6:10; 60:1; 75:3; financial [9] - 11:5; 23:4; 232:11; 233:11, 24; 234:2; 241:1; 282:14 86:13; 99:3; 115:5; 123:5; 131:5; 136:21; 138:20; 235:17, 21; 236:5, 17; extensively [1] - 106:5 134:2; 175:14; 183:1; 268:2, 9; 269:2; 276:22 237:14; 238:22; 244:21; extent [8] - 58:2; 93:21; 212:24; 264:7; 276:10 findings [3] - 11:15; 136:2 247:21; 248:19; 252:4, 6 111:4, 6; 144:2; 161:11; farcical [1] - 203:9 fine [1] - 238:1 Fisheries [4] - 237:7; 250:7, 194:12 farm [1] - 172:6 finished [4] - 90:3; 125:15; 12; 252:17 external [2] - 12:15; 82:23 farmland [1] - 256:11 278:20; 283:8 fishermen's [1] - 158:16 extirpate [1] - 233:24 farms [1] - 134:18 firefighter [1] - 204:1 fishery [2] - 249:24; 254:8 extirpated [4] - 120:16, 25; fascinating [2] - 228:7, 14 firm [1] - 107:11 fishes [1] - 260:8 122:14; 237:10 fashion [1] - 143:3 first [39] - 10:5; 14:11; 15:3; fit [2] - 81:25; 178:9 extra [1] - 221:22 fast [1] - 34:22 22:17; 38:8; 63:22; 65:20, five [8] - 29:8; 36:20; 65:22; extreme [2] - 94:14; 124:21 fatal [1] - 129:24 25; 87:9; 90:1; 94:1; 97:2; 76:20; 106:14; 167:10; extremely [1] - 56:6 fathom [1] - 55:11 101:17; 109:15; 110:25; 213:18; 223:1 eye [2] - 225:11, 13 fatiguing [1] - 135:17 125:9, 11; 128:23; 130:16; fix [2] - 29:3; 60:2 Eyford [4] - 21:9, 16, 20; fault [1] - 212:21 169:18; 172:12; 174:14; fixed [7] - 239:9; 240:3; 22:7 faulty [1] - 151:12 179:22; 186:18; 187:2; 241:12; 257:23; 258:14, 18 Eyford's [1] - 22:10 favour [2] - 8:4; 275:9 192:2; 200:16; 203:23; fixture [1] - 225:8 favouring [1] - 227:19 222:19; 231:5; 243:22; flares [1] - 212:15 F February [1] - 200:4 246:22, 25; 250:22; flash [1] - 225:12 federal [6] - 21:9; 25:8; 257:21; 266:16; 273:17, flashes [1] - 225:17 175:11; 265:23; 271:20; 23; 274:15 flavour [4] - 70:16; 72:3; fabric [2] - 87:4; 152:23 277:22 First [84] - 3:13; 4:14, 18-19, 73:13; 138:19 face [4] - 62:18; 191:11; feed [1] - 117:15 21-22; 5:1, 3; 11:9; 13:10, flew [1] - 223:16 243:14 feedback [1] - 158:21 13, 20, 23; 14:4, 6; 21:13; flexible [1] - 21:18 face-to-face [1] - 191:11 25:3, 21; 37:24; 97:18; feet [5] - 49:16; 53:11; 209:2, flight [4] - 208:8; 209:3; faced [1] - 208:14 5, 7 105:13; 115:16; 116:6, 8; 221:25 faces [1] - 53:7 121:7, 23; 123:1, 15; FELDBERG [2] - 26:6; 229:5 FLIR [3] - 118:25; 119:10, 18 facet [2] - 133:3; 137:9 125:10; 130:17; 139:25; Feldberg [2] - 2:10; 26:5 FLNRO [6] - 115:14; 118:9; facilitated [1] - 251:20 148:12; 165:11; 166:8, 20; felt [1] - 141:12 121:17, 22; 123:10, 14 facilitators [1] - 149:2 174:2; 176:9; 184:11; fence [1] - 227:12 floats [2] - 224:13 facilities [5] - 27:6, 8; 78:17; 186:11, 14; 188:5, 20; Fentanyl [1] - 40:22 flood [4] - 87:12; 103:2; 156:25; 254:15 189:4, 10; 190:17; 192:7; few [17] - 9:24; 28:1, 17; 156:19; 265:11 facility [2] - 223:4; 254:19 193:3; 229:4, 16, 22, 25; 35:5; 65:14; 75:7; 81:23; flooded [1] - 89:17 230:3; 231:14; 232:24; facility-specific [1] - 254:19 93:15; 94:17; 106:20; flooding [2] - 83:21; 108:19 233:7; 235:13; 236:8, 16, fact [13] - 45:20; 95:1; 124:12; 134:9; 167:6; floor [8] - 26:2; 44:22; 60:10; 18; 237:2, 13; 238:3; 152:13; 169:6; 177:10; 172:11; 174:13; 229:12 104:2; 153:16; 202:13; 199:21; 212:2, 22; 216:24; 243:5; 245:4; 248:4; 251:2, fewer [3] - 76:16; 111:18 228:12; 262:2 227:20; 248:11; 259:10; 12, 20; 252:10; 253:5, 23; field [4] - 120:22; 121:4; flourish [1] - 50:2 264:3 254:23; 256:24; 257:15; 201:19; 237:4 flow [8] - 78:11; 134:12; factor [4] - 210:15; 224:3; 260:21; 261:2, 19, 21; fieldwork [1] - 187:5 135:15; 169:21, 23; 258:19 264:2; 265:20, 25; 284:22 fifth [1] - 241:3 171:18; 197:20; 224:24 factors [1] - 188:14 first-aid [1] - 10:5 figure [3] - 31:18; 110:14; flown [1] - 227:18 factual [1] - 119:6 firstly [1] - 31:17 192:17 flows [3] - 134:13; 171:9; failed [2] - 151:9; 152:11 fiscal [3] - 173:21; 186:23 figures [2] - 39:3; 40:13 224:25 fails [1] - 20:18 fish [79] - 11:13, 16, 21-22; filed [6] - 221:25; 229:9; fluctuates [1] - 110:6 127:24; 132:13; 142:22; failure [1] - 135:23 230:7, 13; 232:14; 273:13 fluctuating [2] - 246:14; fair [3] - 35:19; 106:2; 187:10 143:12, 24; 144:3, 9; filing [1] - 11:17 247:15 fairly [10] - 9:6; 44:1; 59:21; 145:19; 169:10; 213:23; filled [1] - 127:8 fluctuations [6] - 240:14; 229:7; 230:4, 7; 232:2, 18, 85:9; 91:11; 99:18; 107:16; 243:11; 245:23; 246:10; filling [1] - 263:24 23; 233:12, 25; 234:14, 23; 116:24; 117:10; 275:17 247:2; 254:5 filter [3] - 168:11, 21 235:9, 18; 236:10, 13, 19; fairness [2] - 137:1; 212:20 fly [5] - 33:4; 42:2; 208:10; filter/fine [3] - 168:11, 21 237:19; 238:8, 12; 240:20; fall [3] - 63:3; 215:15; 255:25 215:12 final [12] - 7:12; 77:20; 135:1; 241:7; 243:8, 13, 15, 19, fallen [1] - 82:11 flyers [1] - 210:1 186:22; 217:19; 229:3; 23; 244:13; 245:17; 247:4, falls [1] - 40:6 flying [2] - 203:25; 227:2 235:6; 236:12; 250:19; 17; 251:3; 252:7; 253:15; false [1] - 107:12
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 15
focus [18] - 49:25; 50:23, 25; FOREST [5] - 153:18; 154:2; four [17] - 12:16, 21; 36:20; future [26] - 25:5; 102:6; 64:24; 70:22; 94:9; 132:23; 155:6, 25; 156:2 39:9; 49:19; 75:1; 99:22; 112:2; 117:8; 118:3; 128:5; 133:11; 161:23; 162:11, forestry [3] - 131:23; 173:3; 135:22; 213:18; 215:4; 136:19; 150:2, 22; 162:17; 23; 164:17; 232:21; 233:8; 217:16 223:6; 233:10, 13; 252:3; 168:4; 201:22; 236:14, 25; 237:8; 249:23; 260:18; Forestry [5] - 3:17; 4:1; 256:23; 259:23; 276:10 248:16, 22, 24; 249:4, 22; 267:7 61:13, 17; 63:13 fourth [1] - 240:15 257:13; 261:1; 265:17; focused [6] - 16:23; 17:14; Forests [12] - 4:11; 6:7; fowl [1] - 227:16 266:18; 267:4, 20, 22 45:11; 164:14; 232:10 62:19; 65:6; 84:23; 103:9; fragile [1] - 146:25 focuses [2] - 94:18; 233:10 159:21; 160:11; 177:25; framework [1] - 252:19 G focusing [2] - 71:19; 95:1 257:4; 281:4; 282:21 France [1] - 211:14 focussed [1] - 45:6 forests [1] - 181:15 frankly [1] - 95:3 G.8 [1] - 8:12 fog [6] - 31:5; 159:4; 227:24; forever [2] - 42:16; 204:3 Fraser [4] - 87:19; 93:24; G7 [1] - 26:16 283:19, 22 forge [1] - 255:23 102:20; 231:25 G8 [3] - 6:4; 9:13; 26:14 folks [2] - 67:4; 186:24 forget [1] - 84:1 freeze [1] - 215:12 gagnon [1] - 280:15 follow [14] - 38:3; 48:5; Forging [1] - 21:11 freezing [3] - 127:12; 217:1; Gagnon [6] - 3:15; 47:20, 24; 62:24; 74:25; 89:6; 157:15; forgot [1] - 8:8 224:9 48:1; 280:21 175:4; 216:21; 234:6; forgotten [1] - 182:12 frequency [1] - 214:16 GAGNON [6] - 48:4; 57:4; 252:19, 23; 257:12; form [6] - 32:20; 62:25; 84:6; frequent [1] - 149:13 58:7; 59:12; 60:18; 61:2 276:15; 277:21 224:11; 259:17; 265:12 Friday [1] - 200:8 gain/loss [1] - 81:15 follow-up [8] - 62:24; 74:25; formal [8] - 23:22; 33:23; friends [4] - 73:6, 11; 131:9; Gaining [3] - 64:16, 20; 71:9 89:6; 157:15; 234:6; 56:15, 21; 275:13; 277:1; 150:1 gaining [1] - 64:18 252:19; 257:12; 277:21 278:13; 280:21 front [5] - 67:19; 123:21; gains [1] - 60:3 following [8] - 22:16; 57:24; formats [1] - 141:14 183:13; 226:17; 229:1 game [1] - 46:6 138:2; 151:4; 167:11; formed [3] - 134:18; 135:9; frontier [2] - 71:23; 72:17 gap [1] - 117:12 234:24; 238:15; 250:17 147:14 frost [1] - 225:9 gapping [1] - 214:19 food [9] - 15:20; 67:21; former [1] - 131:16 frozen [2] - 97:7; 215:13 gaps [1] - 236:24 150:22; 245:14; 247:4, 17; forming [3] - 133:2; 147:15; fruit [1] - 180:13 Gary [3] - 3:10; 7:24; 83:8 255:25; 256:2 190:2 frustrates [1] - 145:15 Gas [2] - 173:5; 178:4 foods [1] - 43:19 Fort [73] - 1:24; 3:15; 7:2; frustration [3] - 138:6; 142:3; gas [12] - 28:22; 34:20, 25; footed [1] - 169:9 10:17, 20; 11:7; 14:12, 24; 149:2 84:4; 170:20; 172:21; foothills [1] - 225:3 15:9, 12, 21-22; 16:2, 8, frustrations [1] - 34:7 173:7, 15; 178:5; 212:11, footprint [4] - 144:1, 5; 14, 23; 17:1, 9, 12-13, 15; FTE [2] - 52:11 15; 217:15 185:4; 205:7 18:17; 24:20; 33:3, 5; 38:7; fuel [13] - 15:25; 208:1, 3-5, gastrolyne [1] - 41:2 footprints [1] - 144:8 42:25; 47:24; 48:11, 14, 18; 221:6, 13, 17, 19-20, Gateway [1] - 133:9 forbearance [1] - 135:18 19, 25; 49:8, 19; 51:21; 22; 222:10 gather [3] - 97:19; 128:25; force [1] - 272:11 54:22, 25; 56:3; 60:19, 23; full [4] - 52:12; 57:3; 117:23; 159:4 forced [2] - 33:12; 227:7 90:24; 91:1, 25; 92:23; 161:11 gathered [3] - 142:15; forces [3] - 46:4, 9; 147:17 93:1; 102:23; 120:11; full-time [1] - 52:12 175:14; 189:12 ford [2] - 228:25; 229:1 129:5; 130:22; 131:9, 17; fully [6] - 68:1; 206:8; gathering [2] - 179:25; 263:8 forecast [11] - 111:25; 132:6; 134:7, 10; 136:9; 243:16, 25; 246:12; 254:4 gear [2] - 244:5, 8 203:20; 205:22; 208:3; 149:9; 150:7; 154:3; 158:9; fun [3] - 49:23; 122:9 204:11; 222:4; 260:16; gear-size [1] - 244:8 210:15, 19; 211:17; function [6] - 114:13; gears [1] - 51:1 266:17; 267:14; 279:22; 266:12; 270:1, 19; 278:11; 242:11; 245:24; 246:10; Gelita [1] - 113:22 280:1 279:7; 280:15; 282:3; 258:11; 259:22 283:15 general [7] - 19:1; 25:22; forecaster [1] - 205:21 functional [1] - 246:17 fort [1] - 282:5 54:8, 16; 55:23; 84:6; forecasters [2] - 210:2; functions [2] - 134:11; 142:21 220:11 forth [1] - 285:8 259:19 fortitude [2] - 135:18; 150:11 generalizations [1] - 107:12 forecasting [1] - 170:12 fund [9] - 57:16; 143:7; generally [9] - 48:16; 66:12; forecasts [2] - 202:22; forts [1] - 102:22 152:3; 252:23; 269:5; 107:12; 108:10; 109:22; 206:22 forum [5] - 22:20; 46:3, 8; 271:11, 25; 275:23 160:22; 184:14, 23 forefront [1] - 148:19 100:20; 280:11 Fund [2] - 158:9, 15 generate [3] - 19:10; 85:24; foreign [1] - 85:8 forward [27] - 10:13, 16; fundamentally [1] - 138:2 225:18 foremost [1] - 192:3 11:20; 13:14, 17; 25:23; funding [5] - 137:22; 143:4; generated [1] - 223:18 foresee [1] - 179:12 45:1; 57:13, 24; 78:5, 8; 151:16; 271:13; 275:21 105:22; 119:2; 126:19, 21; generates [2] - 75:8; 226:4 foreseeable [7] - 14:15; fundraised [1] - 49:13 149:19; 174:5; 190:2; generating [1] - 66:12 17:22; 19:23; 20:2; 162:17; funds [6] - 11:2; 95:16; generation [4] - 147:15; 185:20; 267:4 191:14; 216:3; 253:22; 127:25; 128:1; 152:7; 150:19, 23; 194:15 foresight [1] - 47:11 261:5; 263:9; 266:1; 269:6 277:16; 281:2 generically [1] - 185:24 forest [5] - 131:24; 133:21; fur [1] - 282:2 forward-looking [1] - 119:2 gentleman [2] - 60:21; 171:22; 172:19; 181:8 furthering [1] - 182:6 forwarded [1] - 113:22 231:17 Forest [4] - 3:21; 61:25; furthermore [1] - 141:18 foundation [1] - 22:7 geography [1] - 131:22 153:18; 217:18 furthest [2] - 197:17; 198:6 founded [1] - 282:5 George [14] - 15:24; 17:19,
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 16
24; 32:4; 33:4; 47:14; 162:22; 172:10 Guide [1] - 86:3 harder [1] - 217:3 48:12; 72:7; 222:6, 22, 25; graphs [1] - 134:21 guide [12] - 74:22; 82:3; hardly [1] - 260:6 223:5; 279:5 grapple [1] - 185:8 83:15, 20, 23; 84:4, 9; Harrison [7] - 3:9, 19; 7:23; Germany [1] - 72:24 gratitude [2] - 201:1; 251:17 90:11; 91:10; 94:19; 61:21; 62:15; 89:5, 9 Gilbride [1] - 2:10 grave [1] - 53:7 257:13; 276:5 HARRISON [1] - 95:17 GIS [1] - 189:24 gravel [1] - 15:23 guided [2] - 283:5, 9 Harry [3] - 2:2; 192:10; 246:1 given [10] - 68:14; 75:2, 7; grayling [22] - 234:1; 237:11; guidelines [16] - 6:6; 84:1, 8, harvest [7] - 105:8; 110:5; 159:10; 166:9; 179:10; 239:5, 10; 240:2; 242:8; 21; 142:24; 193:6, 11, 18; 111:16, 19-20; 116:6, 24 217:18; 257:10; 259:2; 248:25; 249:4, 19; 250:25; 194:3; 196:8, 14; 197:11; harvestable [1] - 241:6 279:3 252:13; 253:6, 11; 256:21; 234:4; 244:17, 24; 263:3 harvested [3] - 237:9; 252:8, global [2] - 94:12; 224:4 257:14, 17, 21, 25; 258:7, guides [2] - 82:18, 21 10 globally [1] - 67:24 10; 259:1; 262:4 guiding [1] - 237:3 hashed [1] - 54:20 globally-standard [1] - 67:24 great [23] - 45:13; 48:5; Gun [5] - 125:6, 16; 128:4; hat [1] - 88:9 glove [1] - 180:21 55:20; 60:3, 13; 69:14; 131:19; 137:11 hats [2] - 28:5; 79:14 glycol [3] - 219:19, 23; 73:20; 78:15, 20; 86:18; gunk [1] - 225:5 haul [1] - 249:20 220:18 87:17; 88:7, 11-12; 95:9; guy [2] - 33:11; 227:22 Hawaii [1] - 67:11 goal [1] - 65:1 98:6, 25; 103:23; 153:1; guys [2] - 79:14; 212:16 hazard [1] - 29:25 goals [1] - 22:4 160:7; 177:23 head [2] - 132:14; 199:21 goat [1] - 110:4 greater [4] - 139:16; 150:22; H heading [1] - 179:9 god [1] - 226:7 153:5; 266:24 Health [24] - 10:1, 3, 7, 10, Godsoe [1] - 2:9 greatest [2] - 11:4; 57:17 14; 28:4; 29:13, 18; 33:6; Habitat [1] - 158:8 gold [3] - 12:20; 31:25; 32:2 greatly [2] - 144:21; 280:24 45:2, 10; 48:8; 262:21; habitat [44] - 11:13, 17, 22; Gold [1] - 195:7 green [1] - 169:9 263:1, 10, 20; 264:10, 12, 110:12; 124:9; 132:11, 13; Gold-Copper [1] - 195:7 Green [2] - 3:9; 7:22 15, 18; 280:10, 12 133:2; 137:8, 12; 143:19; golf [1] - 49:22 grieve [1] - 150:9 health [58] - 10:3, 6, 12; 144:2; 158:14; 182:21; Goliath [1] - 139:24 grim [1] - 44:1 13:2; 28:3, 7, 10, 13; 29:8, 183:5, 7, 10; 186:5; 189:1; goods [11] - 14:11; 15:5, 25; grizzlies [1] - 120:12 17-18, 21-22, 24-25; 30:1, 213:23; 230:4, 7; 232:2, 17:19, 24-25; 19:2, 7; grizzly [18] - 106:3; 120:8, 7, 10-12, 14, 20, 23; 32:14; 18; 234:15, 23; 235:10, 18, 22:19; 24:12; 279:2 20; 121:3, 11, 13, 19, 24; 33:1, 20-21; 36:9, 21; 25; 236:10, 13; 237:9, 15; goodwill [1] - 46:5 122:2, 7, 16, 21; 123:2, 21; 37:15, 23; 38:21; 40:1; 244:20; 246:17; 247:12, governance [1] - 137:1 124:5, 11, 13 41:9, 18-19; 42:6; 43:17; 15; 252:24; 253:2; 254:19; gross [1] - 215:23 44:9; 45:8; 46:10, 22; governed [1] - 49:5 255:4; 256:13 government [36] - 23:21; grossly [1] - 152:17 48:21; 50:9; 51:4; 52:17; habitat-based [1] - 124:9 25:1, 9, 21; 29:12; 32:13; ground [7] - 187:9; 216:11; 113:16; 135:11; 149:8; habitats [5] - 175:13; 236:20; 37:9; 38:17; 64:9; 96:19, 220:3; 224:13; 226:23; 150:2; 254:6; 262:20; 251:3; 254:12; 255:22 25; 97:25; 98:5, 8; 99:10; 227:7; 263:22 263:1; 264:20 Hadland [2] - 87:6; 89:2 118:3, 24; 121:20; 136:18; Group [3] - 230:21; 231:19; Health's [1] - 45:7 HADLAND [7] - 87:7; 88:14; 157:10; 162:21; 163:6, 15; 232:18 healthcare [2] - 34:11; 46:13 89:3, 11, 16, 19, 21 164:19; 166:19; 176:4, 6; group [6] - 12:2; 13:11; healthy [2] - 124:18; 126:9 half [11] - 82:8; 126:23; 177:1; 179:1; 188:4; 36:25; 38:1; 128:6; 196:19 hear [19] - 10:1, 17; 11:9; 130:2; 140:1; 158:23; 263:13; 268:6, 17; 271:20; groups [11] - 10:20; 12:10; 26:11; 30:19; 67:16; 94:4; 207:9, 19; 208:22; 209:3; 278:23 21:21; 41:15; 64:9; 65:17; 116:7; 117:4; 122:8; 221:10; 223:22 government's [3] - 21:17; 85:7; 110:18; 113:13; 136:15; 196:7; 202:8; Halfway [2] - 122:19; 253:13 23:18, 25 141:25; 194:22 206:10; 229:3; 237:23, 25; Hamilton [2] - 120:19; 124:7 Government's [1] - 23:15 grow [5] - 75:6; 76:3; 77:3; 260:7 hammer [1] - 112:6 government-to- 101:8; 105:4 heard [26] - 32:21; 53:15; hand [4] - 180:21; 218:25; government [1] - 188:4 growing [2] - 69:8; 87:14 83:8; 85:6; 87:12; 104:20; 232:4; 245:19 governments [4] - 21:22; grown [1] - 58:4 107:4; 108:3; 110:11; hand-in-glove [1] - 180:21 34:10; 164:18; 265:24 grows [2] - 267:5; 279:12 113:12; 114:4; 118:25; handles [1] - 68:12 governor [1] - 272:12 growth [21] - 37:16; 42:5; 120:9; 121:15; 123:11; hands [8] - 57:2; 61:15; Grade [1] - 36:19 52:20; 88:7; 156:22; 142:25; 152:19; 201:14; 62:21, 23; 76:16; 144:13; grades [1] - 276:5 171:21, 23, 25; 172:1, 5, 202:25; 206:6; 262:15; 152:6; 160:9 graduate [2] - 39:21; 133:24 10, 13, 24; 173:3, 10, 263:6; 267:21; 271:17; hands-on [1] - 144:13 280:18; 283:13 graduation [1] - 203:19 15-16; 266:21; 267:4, 22; hang [1] - 211:3 hearing [5] - 117:13; 121:23; Grand [2] - 204:2; 210:14 280:1 hangar [1] - 222:23 135:16; 140:16; 187:20 grandma [2] - 51:16; 58:21 guaranteed [1] - 18:21 hanging [2] - 137:3; 180:12 HEARING [1] - 1:11 grandpa [1] - 58:21 guess [9] - 107:20; 123:9; happy [5] - 46:21; 99:12; hearing/start [1] - 136:10 Grant [1] - 283:25 127:23; 143:6; 187:14; 105:6; 124:8; 251:9 hearings [6] - 130:23; granted [1] - 275:6 196:21; 213:8; 214:2; 218:7 hard [10] - 38:19; 50:3; 135:14; 136:11; 138:2; granting [1] - 130:19 55:11; 79:14; 189:3; guidance [8] - 141:2; 142:15; 143:5; 283:17 granular [2] - 72:12; 79:24 200:10; 210:22; 217:7, 11; 166:1, 6; 179:14; 263:2; heartburn [2] - 225:6; 228:3 graph [4] - 38:3; 54:5; 244:23 264:15, 18 hearts [1] - 150:9
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 17
heat [2] - 225:18; 226:4 highlighted [2] - 167:22; horticulture [2] - 147:8, 17 90:16; 108:18; 109:6; heavily [1] - 141:18 216:14 Horvath [2] - 4:7; 129:16 110:11; 115:15; 128:25; heavy [4] - 211:22, 24; 212:1; highlights [1] - 19:9 hospital [3] - 10:7; 53:12; 129:9; 131:14; 143:17; 279:17 highly [3] - 59:17; 68:23; 223:15 144:1; 146:6, 10, 20; heavy-duty [1] - 279:17 140:20 hospitalisation [1] - 40:19 147:12; 152:21; 153:19; hectare [1] - 108:20 highly-competitive [1] - hospitalization [1] - 39:15 154:9; 155:18; 192:22; hectares [2] - 171:25; 172:1 68:23 hospitals [1] - 27:6 194:1; 195:25; 206:2; height [4] - 55:10; 209:2, 6 highly-structured [1] - host [2] - 60:7; 158:8 212:20; 229:4; 234:11, 22; heights [1] - 223:23 140:20 hosting [1] - 100:19 235:14, 25; 236:3; 239:12; Held [1] - 1:22 Highway [17] - 43:4; 73:25; hot [1] - 255:13 243:15, 22; 244:12; held [2] - 214:20; 221:1 74:6; 76:15, 25; 78:13; Hotel [1] - 1:23 247:10; 248:9; 249:14; 250:11, 23; 251:24; 252:1; heli [2] - 86:8; 98:18 79:1; 85:22; 86:24; 90:23; hotel [1] - 79:11 254:13; 256:8, 11; 257:11; heli-ski [1] - 86:8 91:7; 96:14; 129:25; hotels [2] - 68:4; 74:14 261:9; 262:5, 10, 25; heli-skiing [1] - 98:18 133:16, 22; 157:20; 158:4 hotspots [1] - 266:6 263:12; 264:14; 265:2, 25; helicopter [1] - 208:25 hill [1] - 148:23 hour [4] - 43:9; 61:5; 207:1, 266:24; 268:14, 20; helicopters [1] - 221:8 hillsides [1] - 134:1 13 269:24; 270:14, 22; help [37] - 18:15; 22:3, 5; himself [1] - 207:21 hour's [1] - 43:10 276:11, 15; 278:3, 8, 16; 24:19; 28:20; 41:12; 58:20; hinges [2] - 248:25; 249:5 hourly [1] - 224:1 280:22; 281:8; 283:4 59:3; 66:18; 74:12; 77:17; hiring [1] - 58:23 hours [4] - 38:22; 221:6, 13; Hydro's [9] - 209:10; 228:20; 79:5, 9; 82:19; 86:5; 101:8, historic [2] - 155:2; 282:4 283:20 233:2; 234:14; 260:7; 24; 155:15; 165:1, 9; historical [6] - 52:1; 54:1; house [4] - 112:5; 134:9; 262:22; 269:15; 270:17; 166:22; 171:5; 179:13; 103:18; 154:21; 278:21; 142:3; 176:6 279:9 189:24; 197:4; 199:5, 10; 282:3 housing [15] - 11:6; 15:11, Hydro-owned [1] - 256:11 203:11; 206:7; 211:21; historically [2] - 109:17; 17; 266:18; 268:19, 21; hydroelectric [3] - 193:20; 217:20; 218:12; 219:17; 223:25 269:4, 7, 12, 14, 17, 19; 194:15; 195:8 234:18; 239:1; 242:22; history [7] - 32:1; 133:5; 276:10 hydrology [4] - 197:16; 261:10 135:3; 200:2; 254:20; Hudson's [10] - 38:15; 91:25; 198:5, 7; 254:19 helped [1] - 228:17 260:8; 262:4 131:16; 134:6; 145:8; hypotheses [1] - 258:6 helpful [6] - 57:20; 79:6; hit [1] - 56:5 158:10; 184:4; 204:19; 80:5, 8; 194:11; 261:25 hitchhike [1] - 228:8 282:3 helping [5] - 100:19; 167:3; hits [1] - 175:6 huge [8] - 73:5, 22; 93:4; I 169:7; 230:24; 280:6 hitting [1] - 171:1 114:14; 147:18; 148:16; helps [2] - 168:22; 171:9 HIV [1] - 37:12 155:11; 185:13 ice [11] - 147:13, 15; 211:6, Henry [2] - 32:4; 47:13 hmm [5] - 57:4; 59:12; 60:18; hugely [1] - 152:22 17; 215:22, 25; 216:6, 12; Hep [1] - 37:12 117:17; 191:1 Huggins [1] - 2:15 219:19, 21 herd [1] - 161:9 hoc [1] - 63:6 human [1] - 262:20 icing [6] - 126:20; 210:14; herds [1] - 161:5 Hoffman [1] - 152:19 Human [1] - 262:22 211:3; 215:20; 218:14; hereby [1] - 285:5 holder [1] - 84:4 hundred [1] - 97:9 227:9 herein [1] - 285:8 holders [4] - 6:6; 84:2, 13, 22 hung [1] - 135:13 idea [6] - 55:19; 78:20; hereunto [1] - 285:13 holding [5] - 131:14; 132:9; hunt [9] - 97:19; 109:13; 104:3; 105:4; 261:14; heritage [4] - 65:14; 102:16; 220:21; 221:2, 4 110:23; 111:3; 112:16; 263:11 103:10, 22 holds [2] - 231:23; 232:9 116:8, 25; 122:22 ideal [3] - 86:6; 98:19, 22 hesitate [1] - 189:7 hole [2] - 148:19, 25 huntable [2] - 125:10; 128:6 ideally [4] - 23:10; 24:6; hi [2] - 183:25; 231:11 Holt [3] - 240:15; 259:18, 21 hunter [3] - 110:3; 158:16; 70:11; 98:21 hidden [1] - 217:5 home [5] - 39:10; 59:24; 270:25 identical [1] - 259:5 High [1] - 222:5 67:12; 150:10 hunters [4] - 110:17, 24; identifiable [1] - 142:8 high [25] - 16:3; 39:16, 24; honoured [2] - 132:1, 5 116:25; 184:22 identification [2] - 218:21; 40:4, 14, 16; 42:24; 43:5; Hope [11] - 38:15; 91:25; hunting [5] - 91:14; 105:3; 261:22 56:6; 70:8, 13, 15; 82:23; 131:16; 134:6; 144:11; 111:10; 186:13; 188:16 identified [17] - 13:10; 86:7; 90:8; 98:21; 120:2; 145:8; 158:11; 184:4, 6; HYDRO [2] - 1:3 131:13; 137:20; 145:3, 11; 122:13; 124:18; 142:4; 204:19; 282:3 hydro [5] - 78:3; 137:6; 152:10, 12; 169:15; 170:2; 166:10; 190:10; 226:11; hope [12] - 31:10; 50:15; 154:12; 204:22; 220:24 232:19; 235:8; 238:13; 233:6; 238:23 79:2; 96:25; 104:12, 19; Hydro [115] - 2:9; 3:5, 12; 240:4; 253:18; 259:12; high-cost [2] - 70:8, 13 154:13; 165:10; 174:3; 4:3; 5:4; 7:15; 9:16, 18; 270:22; 276:16 high-paid [1] - 82:23 186:21; 210:23; 223:18 10:4, 22; 12:19; 13:5; identifies [1] - 143:13 high-pay [1] - 86:7 hopeful [3] - 118:2; 277:1; 16:19, 22; 17:12, 18; 18:3, identify [14] - 21:23; 22:2; higher [6] - 106:11; 107:19; 278:10 11; 19:6, 8; 21:2; 22:21; 151:16; 152:3; 156:17; 139:17; 146:3; 224:17 hopefully [1] - 57:16 23:4, 12, 24; 24:1, 4, 6, 16; 165:21; 170:12; 207:2, 7, highest [4] - 40:11; 47:1; hopes [1] - 147:6 25:3, 20; 44:23; 45:21; 20; 233:15, 18; 244:19; 50:2; 53:23 hoping [5] - 28:11; 54:14; 54:14, 18; 55:9; 56:15; 277:18 highlight [2] - 213:19; 105:14; 161:15; 203:10 57:6; 60:24; 78:21; 83:19; identifying [2] - 164:25; 250:22 horrendous [1] - 215:7 88:16, 20, 23; 89:19; 236:23
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 18
IDP [1] - 52:24 238:24 incorporate [1] - 189:24 17; 35:16; 46:5, 8; 67:15; IFR [1] - 208:13 important [36] - 15:20; 18:24; Incorporated [1] - 231:20 68:14; 114:8; 166:8; ignored [2] - 148:17; 209:5 20:22; 23:13; 32:19; 45:25; incorporated [4] - 182:2; 280:12 ignoring [1] - 210:6 55:4; 65:5; 67:25; 68:8; 187:8; 247:23; 259:1 industry [24] - 21:21; 32:13; II [1] - 219:23 69:11; 70:7; 73:23; 75:25; incorporating [2] - 10:14; 34:3; 35:2; 36:11; 39:22; illegal [1] - 40:22 76:1; 83:12; 86:17; 87:18, 161:24 49:9; 68:9, 15; 87:14; illustrating [1] - 146:23 22; 95:20; 96:12; 105:2, increase [13] - 36:14; 41:2; 114:15; 164:21; 166:21; illustration [1] - 165:15 15; 123:16; 127:4; 166:23; 52:8; 139:14; 149:5; 165:8; 170:15; 174:3; 176:10; ILSs [1] - 218:8 167:24; 177:8; 188:22; 170:22; 172:22; 252:5, 11; 211:22, 24; 212:2; 213:1, image [1] - 119:2 245:12; 255:11; 280:13; 271:15; 279:11 17; 224:3; 268:6; 279:12 images [1] - 53:24 281:16, 24; 282:18 increased [7] - 15:5; 52:12; inefficient [1] - 146:16 imaging [1] - 119:23 importantly [1] - 270:21 98:10; 106:14; 248:20; infant [2] - 51:6; 52:2 imbalances [1] - 18:5 impose [1] - 102:3 254:5; 265:1 infected [1] - 113:12 imbedded [1] - 217:5 impossible [2] - 47:3; 61:6 increases [4] - 15:19; 40:21; infer [1] - 188:8 impact [41] - 15:16; 17:25; impression [2] - 30:24; 139:10; 205:5 infill [1] - 267:7 18:1; 28:15; 29:5, 17, 23; 141:11 increasing [2] - 54:6; 65:2 inflated [1] - 152:17 33:17, 20-21; 42:11, 16; impressive [1] - 43:8 increasingly [1] - 69:4 inflow [1] - 101:10 52:21; 81:7; 82:10; 83:2, 5; improve [4] - 44:5; 171:12; incredibly [2] - 73:24; 86:16 influence [5] - 29:8; 131:5; 84:12; 87:12; 88:21; 92:17; 173:25; 211:16 incremental [3] - 150:19; 149:22; 246:20; 269:15 109:14, 18; 131:13; 136:1; improved [3] - 44:3; 164:24; 275:21, 24 influx [2] - 88:10; 112:17 138:24; 139:12, 14; 148:4; 172:23 incursion [1] - 172:14 inform [3] - 248:18; 249:8; 153:5, 7, 10; 154:8; 185:8, improvement [3] - 171:17; incursions [8] - 171:24; 258:1 19, 25; 224:3, 6; 266:2; 250:10, 13 172:11, 16, 18; 173:1; information [99] - 6:9, 12; 268:9; 279:21 improvements [1] - 250:18 183:8; 184:12; 185:3 54:12; 58:10; 70:17; 72:10; Impact [11] - 152:11; 163:13, improves [1] - 208:19 indeed [1] - 284:5 75:2; 87:10; 103:11, 15; 16, 25; 177:11, 22; 178:19; IN [2] - 1:1; 285:13 independent [4] - 12:15; 104:22; 115:3, 6; 123:20; 193:19; 198:2; 230:6; in-depth [3] - 117:10; 187:4; 240:7; 271:23 125:24; 128:25; 129:7, 22; 246:15 153:20; 188:18 independently [2] - 257:6; 130:3; 135:15; 140:4; impacted [14] - 24:22; 36:21; in-migration [1] - 154:23 259:7 141:2, 4, 13; 142:4, 14-15; 43:5; 77:25; 81:12, 18; in-stream [1] - 169:23 indescribable [1] - 63:24 144:19; 146:2; 151:19; 82:8; 111:4; 150:15; Inc [1] - 2:14 INDEX [2] - 3:1; 6:1 152:7; 160:1; 161:16; 152:22; 162:12; 210:21; incandescent [1] - 226:3 index [2] - 119:13, 15 162:19; 164:20, 22, 24; 244:21; 264:7 incapable [1] - 147:25 indicate [5] - 160:6; 172:24; 165:5, 21, 25; 166:24; impacts [51] - 16:20; 17:6; inch [1] - 225:9 180:25; 187:15; 247:19 170:24; 175:10, 14, 20, 25; 18:11, 16, 19; 20:6; 21:1, incidents [1] - 149:13 indicated [5] - 181:4; 193:4; 176:3, 12, 16, 21; 177:18; 3; 22:18; 23:11; 24:10, 20; include [24] - 17:12; 25:2; 248:16; 270:14; 278:1 178:20; 179:18, 25; 28:12; 33:19; 36:11; 54:21; 108:7; 109:2; 143:19; indicates [4] - 19:7; 139:3, 7; 183:14, 20; 187:7; 189:13, 56:16; 86:20; 96:21; 98:9; 144:20; 167:25; 168:3, 5; 207:24 21; 190:15; 196:20, 25; 197:7, 14-15, 19, 22; 102:15; 139:17; 143:16; 197:13; 205:9; 234:12; indication [2] - 12:20; 177:20 199:2, 22, 24; 200:1, 6; 144:1, 5, 7; 145:16; 236:11, 22; 237:13; indicators [7] - 12:1; 30:8, 146:17, 24; 151:8, 23; 239:23; 241:10; 244:13; 13, 23; 37:15; 45:8; 170:16 234:18, 24; 235:14, 24; 241:15, 17; 245:1; 248:12, 153:6; 162:7, 16; 177:16; 250:19; 256:10; 261:1; indiscernible [8] - 35:5; 186:10; 202:18, 20; 206:4; 270:3; 282:2 131:18; 147:18; 156:20; 18; 249:7; 250:3; 252:20; 253:10; 258:8; 259:3; 212:19; 223:20; 233:8; included [12] - 91:3; 123:23; 171:24; 240:20, 24; 242:12 263:13, 16, 25; 266:9; 235:18; 236:9; 245:1; 133:7; 142:6; 191:3; indiscernible) [2] - 178:17; 277:23 265:21; 270:8; 271:7; 193:13; 206:21; 234:10; 245:14 informational [1] - 236:24 276:20; 280:23; 283:14 247:22; 249:16; 259:10; individual [3] - 50:4; 135:16; impaired [1] - 138:9 278:7 171:7 informed [2] - 234:14; 254:17 impedes [1] - 145:13 includes [12] - 12:9, 14; individual-stream [1] - 171:7 informing [1] - 190:6 imperative [1] - 25:14 13:2; 35:14; 64:13; 65:10; individuals [13] - 49:11; implement [2] - 167:4; 192:6 67:6; 148:9; 153:7; 193:19; 58:12; 83:7, 12; 107:18; infrared [3] - 119:1, 23 implementation [6] - 182:7; 205:3; 266:25 117:5; 134:23; 136:7, 17, Infrastructure [1] - 129:24 235:1, 10; 270:17; 277:24; including [19] - 10:24; 12:16; 23; 137:10, 20; 232:14 infrastructure [10] - 15:8, 12, 18; 17:8; 21:10; 34:9; 283:5 13:2; 20:22; 65:12; 145:7; inducement [1] - 269:2 77:25; 155:14; 170:23; implemented [6] - 22:20; 164:9; 194:13; 200:2; indulgence [2] - 262:17; 236:5; 249:21; 253:21; 211:9, 11; 233:25; 234:24; 284:4 172:22 ingredient [1] - 224:8 261:18; 272:24 236:19; 239:15; 251:3; industrial [18] - 15:15; 20:14; implementing [2] - 163:1; 256:4; 270:17; 281:10 101:12; 132:25; 139:11; inherent [1] - 257:10 232:2 inclusion [2] - 49:25; 86:23 151:2; 193:7; 196:9; 197:1; initial [2] - 187:13; 239:22 implications [1] - 99:9 income [1] - 35:18 199:4; 214:20; 217:4; initiate [3] - 18:12; 24:16; implies [1] - 138:3 incoming [1] - 219:7 219:20; 223:2; 225:5; 137:12 importance [6] - 157:20, 22; incomplete [2] - 20:23; 227:3; 268:16 initiatives [3] - 237:5; 186:13; 188:21; 233:6; 117:14 industries [11] - 33:24; 34:6, 278:24; 279:15
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 19
injuries [1] - 39:12 124:3; 133:6; 167:21; 114:12; 275:19 jeopardize [1] - 19:13 injury [1] - 129:24 260:21 involves [1] - 162:25 Jesse [17] - 4:15, 17, 19, 22; inner [1] - 178:2 interesting [9] - 76:10; 77:4; involving [1] - 257:3 5:2; 229:17, 21, 24; 231:8, inner-agency [1] - 178:2 158:1; 180:23; 185:7; IR [1] - 89:23 11, 15; 237:23; 243:2, 4; innovative [1] - 21:18 193:16; 200:16; 284:9, 19 ironically [1] - 150:4 245:6; 247:25; 248:3 input [8] - 180:23; 238:24; interests [11] - 22:9, 12; irrespective [1] - 105:10 JESSE [10] - 229:23; 231:9, 239:21; 247:17; 253:23; 24:4; 84:7; 101:6; 123:15; irresponsibly [1] - 33:19 16; 237:25; 243:6; 248:5; 269:22; 280:9; 282:15 142:16; 146:14; 277:11, irritable [1] - 149:17 260:24; 261:12, 16; 262:8 inputs [4] - 239:17; 242:6; 16, 19 Island [1] - 282:6 Jim [5] - 2:3; 90:1; 106:16; 245:14; 247:4 interior [1] - 39:4 islands [6] - 108:5, 8, 21; 183:25; 185:1 insects [1] - 255:25 internal [2] - 163:6; 276:6 109:2; 115:25; 119:4 Jim's [2] - 79:8; 187:18 insert [1] - 84:15 internally [1] - 105:12 isolated [1] - 150:6 jive [1] - 30:24 insignificant [2] - 152:21; International [1] - 204:5 issue [14] - 59:1; 97:23; job [6] - 31:3, 5; 34:4; 35:12; 153:9 international [7] - 70:18; 116:18; 184:10; 199:19; 68:17; 213:21 inspections [1] - 274:5 76:8; 100:17, 20; 157:23; 205:21; 213:14; 233:15; jobs [4] - 36:5; 64:14; 65:2; install [2] - 218:3, 13 206:16; 210:24 238:11; 243:8; 245:19; 68:17 installations [1] - 204:15 internationally [1] - 65:1 260:10; 263:21 Jobs [2] - 62:12; 64:10 installed [1] - 203:6 internet [2] - 44:11; 83:24 issued [3] - 18:23; 202:22; Jocelyne [1] - 2:2 instance [12] - 37:11; 80:11; interpret [1] - 40:18 235:14 John [49] - 1:24; 3:16; 7:2; 83:8, 20; 85:6; 93:23; interpretation [1] - 140:14 issues [19] - 12:2; 21:19; 10:17, 21; 11:8; 17:15; 95:13; 105:25; 108:4; interpretive [2] - 87:1; 282:1 40:1; 77:23; 138:13; 33:4; 38:7; 42:25; 47:24; 110:11; 155:7; 181:5 interprovincial [1] - 204:5 148:18; 149:24; 151:4; 48:11, 14, 19; 49:1, 8; instant [1] - 211:5 interrupt [2] - 199:17; 246:1 152:13; 184:8; 196:3; 50:11; 51:22; 54:22; 55:1; instead [6] - 16:22; 17:5, 14; intersection [1] - 219:14 203:10; 210:14; 227:9; 56:3; 60:19, 23; 91:25; 20:19; 85:11; 149:18 intervention [2] - 29:6; 50:23 256:24; 275:14; 277:10, 93:1; 120:12; 129:5; Institute [1] - 211:12 interventions [1] - 41:9 19; 280:13 130:22; 131:9, 17; 132:6; institution [3] - 137:19; introduce [3] - 62:7; 131:11; items [2] - 205:4; 252:3 134:7, 10; 136:9; 149:9; 274:11; 275:19 231:2 itself [8] - 77:17; 87:13; 150:8; 154:4; 158:10; institutional [1] - 260:15 introduced [1] - 245:8 88:25; 110:5; 159:24; 204:11; 260:16; 266:12; instructor [1] - 115:11 introduction [3] - 133:12; 218:6; 225:18; 226:5 270:1, 19; 278:11; 280:15; instrument [3] - 119:19; 160:17; 231:14 IZETT [2] - 129:21; 130:7 282:3; 283:15 216:9; 218:4 Introduction [3] - 3:21; 4:19; Izett [5] - 3:7; 4:5; 7:19; join [2] - 46:9; 50:15 instrumentation [2] - 211:1, 61:25 129:6, 12 joined [1] - 230:19 18 inundated [1] - 92:19 joint [1] - 265:6 JOINT [3] - 1:1; 2:1 instruments [1] - 216:5 inundating [1] - 103:6 J insufficient [2] - 142:15; inundation [1] - 147:10 Joint [4] - 89:7; 133:9; 258:8 Inuvik [1] - 204:16 252:20; 278:15 JACKSON [5] - 44:24; 89:5, insurance [1] - 39:7 inventory [3] - 88:6; 101:6; jointly [1] - 191:3 23; 119:7; 154:13 insurmountable [1] - 135:16 122:10 joke [1] - 33:2 Jackson [4] - 3:7; 4:4; 7:18; intact [1] - 139:18 inverse [1] - 227:8 Josh [1] - 257:6 129:11 intactness [1] - 183:9 inversion [3] - 214:18; 215:6; journalist [1] - 32:4 JAMES [3] - 60:12; 89:25; integrated [4] - 65:9; 164:8; 226:24 JRP [1] - 89:23 125:3 255:6, 8 inversion" [1] - 206:10 judgment [1] - 109:6 James [1] - 102:24 intend [2] - 37:3; 114:18 inversions [2] - 214:17; Judy [4] - 3:8; 4:6; 7:21; jams [1] - 147:13 intended [4] - 164:18, 20; 226:17 129:14 janitorial [1] - 209:25 165:10; 206:7 invertebrates [1] - 256:5 JUDY [1] - 83:24 January [6] - 1:15; 7:1; intensely [1] - 189:17 invest [3] - 88:1; 136:24 jump [1] - 52:9 11:11; 257:18; 259:20; intensively [2] - 190:12 invested [3] - 36:3; 37:17; June [1] - 194:5 285:14 intent [5] - 105:17; 122:20; 135:7 jurisdiction [3] - 213:10, 15; JASON [12] - 115:10; 116:3; 153:11; 257:24; 269:20 investigating [1] - 173:16 276:4 117:17, 20; 118:8, 14; [1] investing [3] - 94:14; 95:13; Justice [3] - 271:2, 14; intentfully - 105:21 119:25; 120:4, 7; 122:25; 137:22 275:22 intention [2] - 105:8, 16 123:7; 125:1 intentions [1] - 140:16 investment [5] - 12:18; 13:3; justification [1] - 242:4 Jason [1] - 115:11 interaction [1] - 240:12 135:10; 148:15; 170:22 juvenile [5] - 245:17; 257:23; Jeff [4] - 3:11; 4:7; 8:1; investments [1] - 134:23 258:16, 18, 24 interactions [3] - 132:23; 129:17 180:1; 239:24 invitations [1] - 141:23 juveniles [2] - 258:11, 14 JENNIFER [13] - 63:15; 64:3, interest [16] - 37:7; 130:25; invite [2] - 51:23; 250:18 6; 79:19, 23; 80:23; 82:16; 137:2; 140:6; 141:5, 25; involve [1] - 247:13 85:18; 86:16; 87:16; 94:6; K 151:6, 24; 153:11; 178:11; involved [10] - 31:11; 35:16; 99:11; 103:22 182:8; 186:11; 200:17; 96:8; 118:18, 21; 124:1, Jennifer [6] - 3:19; 4:1; Kamloops [1] - 222:14 233:4; 253:5; 281:22 15; 140:21; 211:8; 234:25 61:20; 62:11; 63:12; Kechika [2] - 91:3; 133:18 interested [6] - 57:19; 93:14; involvement [3] - 34:12; 103:14 keep [9] - 36:14; 58:7, 9;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 20
72:6; 92:9; 159:12; 221:14; L 126:4, 7; 133:7; 143:6; legally-binding [2] - 22:21; 251:18; 263:24 146:11, 19; 154:4; 155:21; 278:4 keeping [2] - 139:17; 144:18 167:6; 180:22; 192:17; legally-enforceable [1] - KEITH [3] - 119:22; 120:1; LAA [1] - 17:11 213:21; 222:9; 242:18; 18:22 124:4 labour [3] - 18:4; 20:22; 251:11; 260:7, 11; 262:6, legislation [1] - 272:20 Keith [1] - 124:2 266:17 16; 272:3; 278:20 legitimate [1] - 248:12 Ken [1] - 153:18 lack [10] - 16:24; 19:16; late [1] - 215:15 leisure [4] - 66:8, 15; 76:11; KEN [6] - 92:13; 153:18; 81:20; 101:22; 147:20; laughable [1] - 217:12 80:1 154:2; 155:6, 25; 156:2 149:7; 151:15, 18; 235:24; launches [3] - 78:1; 157:2; length [2] - 152:1; 246:23 key [23] - 12:16; 14:9; 19:18; 248:14 281:13 Lennon [1] - 50:11 32:20; 69:21; 70:2; 71:8, lacked [1] - 142:1 law [4] - 36:23; 208:6; lens [2] - 67:9; 78:12 19; 72:22; 77:12, 23; lacking [3] - 149:18; 151:20; 219:21; 234:3 less [20] - 31:1; 38:3; 68:7; 94:18; 165:18; 185:6; 256:11 laws [2] - 34:20; 36:2 79:20; 98:14; 109:13; 196:6; 233:11, 16; 239:7; lag [1] - 18:6 layer [1] - 185:4 131:3; 139:3, 7, 13; 247:7; 256:19; 259:11; laid [3] - 35:4; 36:3; 37:2 layers [1] - 185:25 141:19; 171:25; 172:2; 280:5 lake [5] - 80:14, 16; 99:17; lead [2] - 145:2; 279:11 206:20; 219:1; 223:23; key-role [1] - 32:20 134:15; 256:1 leader [1] - 132:10 240:16; 254:11 kick [1] - 125:11 Lake [4] - 174:17; 190:20; leaders [2] - 13:10; 100:17 lessons [1] - 173:22 kid [1] - 46:18 222:4; 237:14 leadership [2] - 10:9; 155:12 letter [5] - 23:21, 25; 194:5; kids [6] - 50:7, 24; 51:5, 24; land [32] - 6:9; 21:22; 22:3; leading [4] - 166:19; 170:16; 269:19; 273:10 56:11; 60:5 36:12; 108:12, 14-15; 178:1; 270:4 letters [2] - 205:24 kill [1] - 126:21 111:4; 112:20; 114:19; leads [4] - 21:6; 35:13; letting [2] - 63:16; 220:2 kilometre [3] - 130:2; 215:3; 115:4; 131:12; 147:12; 97:23; 98:16 Level [1] - 222:5 225:24 163:21; 172:3; 174:24; leaps [1] - 52:11 level [32] - 12:20, 22; 72:12; kilometres [7] - 126:2, 11; 181:1, 24-25; 184:11, 14, learn [1] - 32:3 78:7; 85:12; 136:17; 143:4; 19, 22; 185:9; 186:12; 130:1, 21; 215:5; 225:25; learned [4] - 34:6; 134:11; 153:9; 163:12, 16, 25; 264:4 187:16; 208:5; 224:12; 173:23; 214:23 165:7; 166:5, 7, 12; 171:8; 232:25; 264:4; 265:13; kind [15] - 15:25; 52:5; 64:18; learning [1] - 44:19 172:17; 190:10; 224:8; 267:3 65:8, 17; 70:17; 106:15; learnings [1] - 174:4 225:1; 235:20; 238:14, 23; land-use [2] - 181:1, 24 127:5, 14; 134:8; 155:20, least [7] - 76:18; 117:5; 241:25; 243:11; 245:23; 22; 184:20; 260:14; 261:10 landed [1] - 227:24 126:1; 143:7; 214:25; 246:10; 247:15; 249:14; kinds [3] - 83:11; 181:1; landing [5] - 205:10; 216:9; 220:2; 242:25 254:5; 283:2 218:3; 227:25 260:9 leave [15] - 36:13, 17, 19; levels [8] - 16:23; 25:9; 52:9; King [5] - 99:4, 6-7; 102:7 landmark [3] - 207:2, 7, 20 41:24; 46:23; 47:7; 62:21; 142:3; 241:6; 244:11; knowledge [4] - 105:18; landowner [2] - 108:15; 82:25; 150:3; 155:16; 263:7, 12 142:9; 159:24; 203:15 153:18 160:9; 219:4; 283:7 liability [1] - 147:13 landowners [1] - 265:8 knows [1] - 284:14 leaves [1] - 36:8 liaison [1] - 277:6 lands [1] - 133:4 kokanee [2] - 239:6; 256:22 leaving [2] - 20:21; 251:13 liberty [1] - 71:24 Lands [19] - 3:17, 22; 4:1, Kootenay [1] - 143:17 lecturing [1] - 203:25 library [1] - 216:20 11; 6:7; 61:13, 17, 25; Kootenays [1] - 150:7 led [5] - 100:15; 138:16; licence [14] - 31:3; 36:24; 62:20; 63:13; 65:6; 84:23; Korman [1] - 257:6 249:17 39:12; 113:6, 8-9; 115:19; 103:9; 159:21; 160:12; Kristy [12] - 3:20; 4:11; LEE [12] - 115:10; 116:3; 136:22, 25; 138:21; 172:7; 61:23; 159:10, 14, 16, 20; 177:25; 257:4; 281:4; 117:17, 20; 118:8, 14; 216:20, 22 282:21 160:3, 11; 183:25; 189:13; 119:25; 120:4, 7; 122:25; license [1] - 108:6 landscape [5] - 89:15; 200:23 123:7; 125:1 licensed [3] - 110:3; 116:25; 111:15; 133:19; 134:18; KRISTY [33] - 159:15; 160:7, Lee [1] - 115:11 171:15 139:9 13; 161:8; 174:20, 23; lee [4] - 117:12; 120:5; licenses [1] - 108:7 language [1] - 59:23 175:17, 23; 176:2; 177:23; 122:24; 124:24 licensing [1] - 108:3 large [15] - 148:8; 155:9; 178:18; 180:4; 181:17; left [13] - 36:5; 40:5; 48:7; LiDAR [2] - 210:25; 218:13 172:1; 203:5; 212:7, 11, 182:17; 183:23; 185:1; 53:12; 56:9; 62:17; 102:25; Lidstone [6] - 260:11; 186:16, 19, 21; 187:6, 11, 13; 232:3; 242:13; 245:21; 125:25; 126:24; 169:18; 271:17; 272:5; 273:1; 19, 22; 188:2; 189:15; 248:8; 255:14; 279:6; 172:12; 226:2; 231:18 274:23; 275:7 281:19 190:8; 191:1, 8, 23; leftover [1] - 8:4 lidstone [1] - 274:13 largely [4] - 81:8; 103:1; 192:11, 14; 195:22; 196:1 legacy [1] - 150:23 lieutenant [1] - 272:12 248:25; 249:5 KURSCHNER [1] - 183:3 legal [11] - 14:3; 62:5; 159:7; life [9] - 40:10; 42:14; 51:6; larger [3] - 16:16; 49:1; Kwadacha [23] - 3:13; 13:20, 162:21; 167:15; 173:2; 131:3; 135:8; 150:8; 184:17 23; 14:4, 12, 23; 15:3, 10; 187:15; 229:25; 278:16, 254:20; 260:8; 262:3 largest [4] - 49:2; 212:8; 16:10; 17:1, 10, 23; 18:2, 18; 279:1 lifetime [1] - 96:7 213:3 5, 11; 22:22; 24:15; 25:16, Legal [12] - 2:4, 9-10; 3:13, lifts [1] - 224:13 last [36] - 28:1; 53:1; 63:1; 19; 92:21; 279:3, 13 18; 4:15, 17; 13:24; 61:19; light [6] - 18:18; 151:6; 70:21; 83:9; 85:1; 86:11; Kwadacha's [2] - 15:16; 229:17, 21 196:18; 217:6; 225:8; 93:15; 97:8; 102:7; 104:14; 279:1 legally [4] - 18:22; 22:21; 226:4 106:14; 114:3; 120:10; 278:2, 4 lighter [1] - 226:19
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 21
lighting [4] - 204:7; 218:10; loans [1] - 36:13 53:16; 58:23; 70:3; 71:18; 104:11; 129:22; 174:9, 20; 226:3 local [32] - 7:13; 9:21; 11:3; 77:22; 78:9; 81:13; 88:18; 191:25; 192:21; 196:2; likely [7] - 15:19; 18:11; 19:11; 29:6; 32:13; 34:10; 92:1; 101:7; 105:24; 198:18; 201:7; 264:9 24:22; 151:21; 205:7; 35:21; 58:11; 63:21; 71:12; 106:24; 119:2; 120:20; magical [2] - 195:14; 198:21 233:23; 265:17 73:17; 74:25; 77:1; 78:16; 149:19; 155:8; 163:21; magnitude [4] - 109:11; likewise [1] - 9:4 112:24; 114:15; 133:2; 166:10, 12; 170:14; 171:8; 146:3; 154:6; 213:1 limit [3] - 208:24; 209:3; 137:11, 19; 217:23; 179:1, 8; 182:23; 184:1, 5; main [5] - 50:23; 210:15; 283:19 233:24; 236:20; 248:19; 185:15; 186:4, 9; 201:21; 243:21; 248:7 limitations [3] - 187:16; 251:3; 268:6, 16; 269:9; 202:4; 217:7; 227:12; Mainland [3] - 2:14; 87:20; 197:8; 230:17 277:15; 279:9, 11; 281:24 241:13; 248:6 159:4 limited [8] - 20:2; 100:13; Local [2] - 1:14; 7:6 lookout [1] - 157:1 maintain [5] - 168:23; 169:7, 112:15; 149:8; 196:25; locality" [1] - 41:2 looks [4] - 57:2; 69:23; 22 243:19; 256:7; 259:3 localized [1] - 170:7 154:19; 163:25 maintained [1] - 19:3 limiting [1] - 169:20 locally [5] - 19:8; 64:25; loopholes [1] - 214:20 maintaining [6] - 12:23; limits [8] - 109:5, 8, 22-24; 74:2; 200:18; 237:9 loose [2] - 122:3; 126:23 151:11; 169:5; 182:4; 110:1; 242:2; 260:13 locally-harvested [1] - 237:9 lose [4] - 35:6; 36:23; 39:22; 241:6; 249:24 line [19] - 37:24; 38:1; 39:5, locals [1] - 58:4 83:21 maintenance [1] - 281:13 16; 45:6; 65:11; 83:14; locate [2] - 149:3; 211:1 losing [2] - 103:5; 216:22 major [17] - 76:21, 23; 98:4; 108:4, 11, 19, 25; 109:1; located [2] - 15:1; 267:23 loss [11] - 36:5; 38:10; 99:15; 106:22; 131:21; 115:16; 118:23; 159:13; location [3] - 144:6; 181:7; 110:12; 143:19-21; 210:5; 133:7; 157:13; 163:12; 162:22; 219:3; 221:23; 254:8 245:21; 246:17; 247:12 164:8; 165:3; 170:1, 6, 16; 226:16 locations [3] - 69:3; 237:12; losses [1] - 145:3 177:16; 197:25; 254:15 line-up [1] - 219:3 264:22 lost [3] - 40:10; 44:7; 108:19 maker [1] - 178:25 lined [2] - 218:8; 219:13 log [1] - 214:24 love [3] - 78:21; 99:11; 102:8 makers [3] - 164:22; 166:2; lines [5] - 39:18; 175:4; Logan [1] - 189:9 low [20] - 37:18; 38:11; 171:8 224:5; 255:7; 276:6 LOGAN [6] - 189:11; 190:5, 44:20; 133:4; 170:5; 171:1; male [1] - 45:12 link [6] - 6:5; 48:23; 84:17, 21; 191:2, 15; 192:16 172:25; 180:12; 181:5, 8; manage [8] - 21:23; 22:2; 21; 178:24; 179:16 logical [1] - 160:25 217:2, 5; 224:8, 19, 22-23; 24:4; 105:11, 22; 122:20; linkages [2] - 191:12; 192:1 long-term [11] - 18:19, 21; 225:2 158:17; 193:24 linked [1] - 68:1 22:6; 23:11; 42:12; 54:21; low-hanging [1] - 180:12 manageable [2] - 162:11, 14 links [2] - 65:17; 262:20 56:16; 66:25; 73:21; 136:1; low-level [1] - 224:8 managed [4] - 34:15; 141:19; liquid [6] - 211:1; 215:14, 16; 149:21 low-risk [3] - 171:2; 181:5 195:14 218:15; 224:9; 226:1 look [95] - 8:20; 9:2; 10:13; lower [6] - 96:6; 145:7, 14; management [65] - 6:9; 24:3; list [12] - 36:7; 40:7; 56:7; 11:20; 13:14, 17; 26:18; 218:11; 233:24; 246:20 34:16; 62:19; 65:9; 77:24; 78:14; 82:14; 104:19; 27:14; 30:12, 19, 23, 25; Lower [2] - 159:4; 195:10 78:17; 115:4; 120:14, 21; 148:8; 156:25; 180:15; 31:25; 32:12; 35:9; 37:11, lowered [1] - 109:10 122:14, 18; 123:8; 132:13; 222:25; 250:1; 265:22 14, 22-23; 38:2, 7; 39:3, lowlands [2] - 137:14, 23 134:22; 138:9, 12; 145:14; listed [2] - 72:23; 275:15 14, 18, 20, 25; 40:13, 20, lows [1] - 226:9 159:18; 160:19; 161:19; listen [2] - 33:13; 54:9 25; 41:3; 43:4; 45:1, 5; LRMP [3] - 91:2; 160:23, 25 162:1, 11; 163:20; 164:2, listening [2] - 48:21; 191:19 46:17, 25; 49:21; 52:18, lubricating [1] - 138:21 8; 166:1, 3, 9, 11; 167:2, 4; listing [4] - 74:8, 10, 13, 18 21; 54:4; 56:24; 57:12, 23; lucrative [2] - 16:16; 35:3 168:17, 23; 171:11, 23, 25; listings [1] - 74:24 69:9; 70:4, 24; 73:16; lumber [2] - 212:8, 12 172:2, 6, 10, 13, 24; 173:4, literally [2] - 125:25; 127:2 75:18; 78:20; 80:10; 81:3, lunch [1] - 128:12 10, 13, 15; 174:1, 5, 15, literature [6] - 31:20; 168:20; 19; 82:18; 92:7, 22; 93:18, luncheon [1] - 128:18 25; 182:25; 185:18; 175:11; 179:3; 180:5; 23; 94:1; 95:5, 14, 16; Lundgren [5] - 3:11; 4:7; 8:1; 189:24; 208:2; 248:17, 19; 258:9 104:1; 107:24; 109:16; 129:17; 283:15 265:13; 271:8; 274:2; LITTLE [3] - 60:12; 89:25; 110:10; 113:25; 114:18; lure [1] - 73:3 276:8, 14-15; 277:24; 282:25; 283:10 125:3 123:19; 126:6; 153:20; lush [2] - 133:19; 134:1 live [14] - 30:4; 42:2, 15; 155:17; 163:5; 166:7; Manager [2] - 2:6 46:20, 24; 48:14; 50:16; 167:1, 19; 174:16; 176:17, M manager [3] - 205:14; 209:23 58:21; 88:11; 98:7; 135:6, 19; 177:5; 179:17, 20; managing [4] - 162:25; 12; 147:9; 278:16 185:4; 193:9; 207:17; 168:8; 179:5; 269:9 m'mm [5] - 57:4; 59:12; lived [4] - 58:4; 134:6; 210:24; 212:3; 222:14; mandate [3] - 151:24; 148:14; 223:10 223:24; 224:21; 237:18; 60:18; 117:17; 191:1 206:13; 213:11 240:25; 241:17; 253:22; m'mm-hmm [5] - 57:4; lives [2] - 58:5; 135:9 mandated [1] - 24:7 266:1; 281:2 59:12; 60:18; 117:17; living [5] - 41:6; 47:4; manner [1] - 63:20 134:10; 154:17; 269:1 looked [20] - 30:7; 74:16; 191:1 manuals [1] - 217:14 78:3; 79:11; 87:14; 126:9; M-u-r-d-o-c-h [1] - 245:9 living-out [1] - 269:1 map [6] - 149:4; 170:2; 142:23; 154:9, 19, 24; Mackenzie [4] - 15:24; 99:4; Liz [1] - 189:9 174:15; 184:2; 218:24; 177:14; 183:2; 184:15, 18; 102:18; 279:19 LIZ [6] - 189:11; 190:5, 21; 266:20 187:23; 193:25; 197:16; 191:2, 15; 192:16 madam [1] - 201:10 mapped [2] - 167:18; 186:14 200:3; 201:22 Madam [16] - 8:5; 11:24; load [1] - 215:7 maps [1] - 184:16 looking [37] - 30:9; 51:3; 26:7; 42:22; 84:16; 93:13; March [7] - 49:24; 52:2, 25;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 22
53:1; 54:2; 186:25 243:4, 6; 248:3, 5; 251:23; 277:18; 279:15 197:20; 199:18; 261:18; marginalize [1] - 81:9 259:19; 260:24; 261:12, members' [1] - 15:17 283:19 marine [1] - 232:12 16; 262:8 memo [2] - 201:25; 265:11 migrated [1] - 58:12 Maritime [1] - 226:12 McLeod [2] - 102:23; 190:20 memorandum [5] - 230:5, migration [4] - 35:13; 36:10; mark [1] - 164:6 meadow [1] - 31:4 11-12, 23; 233:8 154:23 Mark [3] - 160:3, 14, 16 mean [17] - 31:24; 85:8, 12; memories [1] - 204:2 Mike [1] - 259:20 marker [1] - 80:3 93:19; 95:14; 105:9; 107:8; men's [1] - 43:17 mile [8] - 207:1, 9-10, 14; market [25] - 15:11; 18:5; 108:4, 8; 111:5; 123:19, mental [3] - 51:4; 135:11; 208:22; 209:11; 210:5; 20:23; 40:22; 69:12; 70:3; 22; 168:25; 198:1, 4; 147:23 223:22 71:7; 74:2, 5; 75:2, 4; 215:24; 242:2 mentality [4] - 136:5; 138:16, mile-and-a-half [3] - 207:9; 82:19; 87:19, 21; 94:16; meaning [2] - 51:13; 169:22 23; 139:20 208:22; 223:22 95:8; 96:12; 147:16; meaningful [6] - 25:4; 83:2; mentally [1] - 148:1 miles [13] - 206:20, 24-25; 170:21; 218:16; 268:21; 137:25; 197:4; 199:3; mention [8] - 57:12; 91:19; 207:6, 13, 22-24; 208:2, 269:9, 14-15; 279:5 261:20 98:6; 116:6; 160:3; 176:25; 6-7, 11; 213:18 market-ready [1] - 87:21 meaningfully [1] - 77:17 181:16; 195:4 Military [1] - 223:11 marketable [1] - 218:15 means [14] - 20:16; 23:22; mentioned [21] - 19:25; mill [15] - 203:6; 212:8, marketing [8] - 59:15; 62:16; 24:13; 31:5, 7, 14; 32:5; 24:15; 27:13; 30:2; 36:1; 12-13; 213:2; 214:3, 25; 64:25; 70:24; 74:20; 77:18; 35:10; 37:24; 40:3; 44:12; 57:10; 64:8; 86:2; 94:17; 215:4, 17-18; 222:14; 100:4; 102:2 207:19; 219:10; 222:7 98:1, 15; 105:25; 117:22; 224:7; 225:21 marketplace [3] - 68:23; meant [2] - 97:11; 239:1 118:16; 121:16; 175:10; million [8] - 70:18; 95:23; 69:4, 10 measure [7] - 12:8, 11; 13:6; 177:5; 198:21; 221:17; 140:1; 146:3; 158:15; markets [5] - 69:22; 72:23; 145:1; 167:17; 258:22; 229:7; 271:4 213:24; 214:24; 216:25 88:2; 94:12 261:4 Merci [1] - 63:15 millions [2] - 19:9; 220:6 marks [1] - 120:15 measured [2] - 20:16; 252:6 mercury [1] - 262:20 mills [1] - 223:8 Marmorek [1] - 256:14 measures [37] - 10:23; merit [1] - 136:16 mind [4] - 29:20; 39:25; MARMOREK [1] - 256:15 11:21; 12:15; 13:5; 77:21; message [1] - 47:10 42:17; 72:6 marrying [1] - 274:21 151:17; 193:23; 217:22; met [6] - 11:14; 54:17; Mine [1] - 195:7 Marts [1] - 113:8 232:3, 19; 233:9, 19; 141:12; 150:19; 238:15; mines [1] - 178:5 mass [1] - 210:20 234:8; 235:4; 236:1, 4, 9, 271:1 minimize [1] - 171:10 Master [1] - 232:9 14; 237:15; 249:8, 11; metadata [1] - 175:18 minimizing [1] - 138:16 master [1] - 276:5 254:11, 15, 18; 256:9; meteorological [1] - 206:17 minimum [2] - 208:23; 209:6 Master's [3] - 131:23; 258:2, 4-5; 261:3, 23; meteorologist [3] - 205:16, mining [1] - 173:8 231:23; 266:5 265:3, 22; 268:3; 269:16; 20; 214:10 Minister [9] - 29:13, 18; mat [1] - 80:1 279:9; 283:5, 21 meteorology [1] - 203:25 114:11; 132:8; 196:12; mechanism [12] - 22:20, 23; match [2] - 95:11; 161:16 methadone [1] - 31:13 197:11; 214:9; 217:18, 20 24:11; 84:10; 260:15, 22; material [3] - 149:5; 242:14; method [1] - 196:5 Minister's [1] - 190:23 268:9; 273:7; 274:20; 262:17 methodology [3] - 66:1; Ministries [2] - 175:12 275:16; 278:6; 282:24 materials [7] - 15:7, 21, 25; 67:25; 68:11 Ministry [34] - 3:17, 21; 4:1, mechanisms [3] - 261:15; 17:9; 19:2, 5; 142:10 methods [3] - 192:6; 239:16; 11; 6:6; 61:6, 13, 17, 25; 273:25; 274:13 mathematical [1] - 44:19 244:7 62:12, 19; 63:12; 64:10; medical [9] - 28:2, 8; 29:10, Matt [1] - 124:7 methylation [1] - 262:20 65:6; 83:22; 84:22; 91:13; 16; 32:14; 33:7; 41:11; matter [5] - 8:13, 15; 25:12; methylmercury [1] - 263:7 103:13; 114:11, 23; 42:7 86:15; 140:17 metre [2] - 8:16; 26:17 129:23; 132:8; 156:16; medivac [1] - 220:14 MATTER [1] - 1:1 metres [1] - 214:24 157:19; 159:21; 160:11; meet [11] - 15:17; 22:25; MATTISON [7] - 79:9, 22; metric [1] - 215:1 177:25; 178:3; 257:5; 116:15, 19; 151:14, 23; 80:5; 86:13; 102:14; Mexico [1] - 67:10 270:1; 271:2, 14; 275:22; 163:4; 173:11; 249:14; 183:25; 186:8 mic [3] - 14:18; 30:16; 140:8 276:13 277:7; 279:12 Mattison [2] - 2:3; 183:25 microclimate [4] - 134:13, ministry [2] - 64:11; 75:15 meeting [14] - 15:10; 42:3; maximize [1] - 254:20 16; 276:16; 283:17 Ministry's [2] - 130:3; 271:4 53:6; 158:9; 190:23; maximum [2] - 8:12; 26:15 microgram [2] - 8:16; 26:17 minor [2] - 171:23; 172:25 196:15, 21, 24; 199:1; MAYA [6] - 13:25; 14:2, 20, mid [1] - 224:11 minority [2] - 41:15; 150:13 205:13; 206:18; 209:18, 22; 26:4; 96:18 mid-morning [1] - 224:11 minted [1] - 64:22 22; 281:2 Maya [4] - 3:13; 13:23; 14:2; middle [1] - 213:5 minute [4] - 88:18; 202:7; meetings [4] - 190:14; 96:17 midterm [1] - 90:18 207:1, 11 191:10; 206:1 Mayor [1] - 213:13 might [34] - 36:13; 45:22; minutes [15] - 61:5; 148:23; meets [1] - 268:13 Mayors [2] - 32:25; 33:8 48:3; 67:10; 77:25; 82:19; 167:7; 205:12, 24; 206:1; member [4] - 29:4; 59:2; McCormack [3] - 4:17; 88:24; 93:1, 9; 103:19; 207:2, 7-8; 208:5; 219:16; 115:23; 131:18 229:21; 260:20 104:3; 107:14, 18; 119:9; 221:4, 11, 20; 229:12 members [20] - 14:24; 17:23; mcCormack [1] - 229:6 130:4; 151:3; 154:17; misidentified [1] - 142:8 18:2, 13-14; 24:17; 44:5; McCormick [21] - 4:15, 19, 161:3, 5, 9; 166:7; 167:2; miss [2] - 116:10; 254:11 62:4; 115:17, 21, 23; 22; 5:3; 229:17, 23, 25; 176:12; 184:24; 185:13; missed [1] - 227:25 121:7; 156:13; 158:12; 231:9, 15-16; 237:25; 186:24; 188:11; 190:18; missing [3] - 88:24; 93:4; 159:6; 229:23; 262:8; 110:8
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 23
mist [5] - 217:2, 5; 224:8 22; 36:10, 18, 22; 37:13, move [19] - 10:16; 13:15; 202:1; 231:8; 245:6; 246:3, mistake [1] - 8:18 17; 38:17; 39:9; 46:22; 36:5; 50:8; 105:21; 107:5, 5, 9; 262:11; 283:9 mitigate [11] - 18:10; 145:2, 47:7; 67:7, 11; 70:12; 10, 14, 18-19; 140:8; mule [10] - 106:4, 7, 18, 20; 16; 146:16; 161:25; 163:1, 157:9; 158:16; 211:15; 160:5; 174:5; 190:2; 107:13, 22; 126:3, 5, 15; 23; 234:8; 254:8; 268:20; 223:3 191:13; 192:21; 202:24; 158:19 269:13 monitor [4] - 144:10; 261:10; 247:6 multi [2] - 163:19; 164:12 mitigated [3] - 32:8; 243:16, 269:14; 275:5 moved [3] - 48:13; 134:7; multi-sector [2] - 163:19; 25 monitoring [35] - 71:18; 150:4 164:12 mitigating [1] - 151:23 171:18; 234:7; 248:17; movement [1] - 253:15 multiphase [1] - 143:25 mitigation [51] - 11:8, 21; 252:25; 253:11; 254:17; moving [7] - 71:21; 75:1; multiple [1] - 255:7 56:16; 77:21; 135:24; 257:12; 260:2, 15, 22; 164:14, 16; 226:13; multitude [1] - 158:2 137:6; 142:19, 24; 143:1, 261:14; 263:14; 270:2, 4, 255:22; 263:9 municipality [1] - 90:24 7, 13; 144:16; 145:24; 16, 18, 20; 271:21, 23; MR [110] - 9:1; 26:6, 13; MURDOCH [5] - 231:8; 151:14, 25; 152:3; 217:22; 272:6, 10, 23; 273:7, 18, 27:12, 17; 60:12; 62:3; 245:6; 246:3, 5, 9 232:3, 19, 22-23; 233:9, 24; 274:5, 7, 14, 18; 63:9; 79:9, 22; 80:5; 82:2; Murdoch [10] - 4:16; 5:1; 19-20; 234:6; 243:17; 276:20; 277:4, 25; 278:12 83:4, 18; 84:9; 86:13; 87:7; 229:19; 230:20; 231:6; 244:19; 249:8, 11, 20; month [1] - 46:18 88:14; 89:3, 11, 16, 19, 21, 232:5; 245:4, 7, 25 254:18; 256:9; 257:13; monthly [2] - 169:21; 277:7 25; 91:23; 92:13; 93:8; Murphy [1] - 2:7 258:2, 5; 261:3, 22; 265:3, months [3] - 28:1; 93:16; 95:17; 102:14; 103:9; museum [1] - 282:2 22; 268:3; 270:2, 24; 124:21 104:17, 24; 106:6, 9; museums [1] - 281:24 271:24; 273:3; 276:3, 21; moose [47] - 105:3, 5-6, 8, 107:11; 108:10, 22; Muskwa [2] - 91:3; 133:18 277:20; 278:12; 283:5, 21 11, 19, 22; 106:1; 110:2, 109:20, 24; 110:16; 111:8; must [9] - 18:21; 20:4; 25:1, mitigations [1] - 276:8 13, 19-20, 23-24; 111:3, 112:24; 113:2, 16, 20; 3; 41:5; 45:17; 64:5; mix [2] - 224:18; 225:5 9-10, 14-15, 18-19; 113:6, 114:20, 23; 115:10; 116:3, 195:14; 228:7 Mo [1] - 190:19 9, 11, 18; 116:6, 8; 117:2, 12; 117:17, 20; 118:8, 14; mutually [1] - 167:20 Moberly [10] - 191:4, 9; 7, 15; 119:18; 126:9, 13; 119:9, 20, 22, 25; 120:1, 4, 233:3, 25; 237:14; 248:23; 127:1, 10, 13; 157:22; 7; 122:2, 25; 123:7, 19; N 249:18; 253:12; 257:25 158:5, 19; 169:9; 184:10; 124:4; 125:1, 3; 129:21; mobile [2] - 44:14; 154:18 188:11, 15; 260:8 130:7, 13; 140:9; 153:18; mobility [1] - 154:22 Mormorek [2] - 4:8; 129:19 154:2; 155:6, 25; 156:2, Nagy [1] - 112:13 model [42] - 9:7; 26:15; morning [20] - 7:11; 9:1, 20; 24; 157:24; 159:5, 16; name [12] - 14:2; 61:7; 62:5; 143:9; 146:6, 12; 226:5; 13:25; 14:1; 27:22; 53:6; 160:8; 183:25; 186:8; 63:24; 84:1; 90:25; 130:14; 239:2, 16; 240:2, 6, 16, 61:11; 62:3; 79:13; 92:21; 199:16; 200:11, 20, 22; 159:7; 229:24; 238:5; 20-21, 23; 241:4, 18, 23; 104:16; 129:4; 156:10; 202:16; 210:12; 228:9, 15, 245:7; 285:14 242:4, 13, 19-20; 243:1; 199:20; 224:11; 229:7; 23; 229:5, 23; 231:7, 9, 11, named [1] - 99:5 248:13, 21; 249:1, 6, 17; 262:14; 278:25 16; 237:23, 25; 238:4; Nancy [4] - 2:15; 273:22; 255:8; 256:25; 257:14, 17, mortality [5] - 40:2; 122:12; 243:6; 248:5; 252:2; 285:3, 19 21, 24; 258:3, 13, 21; 243:14; 244:13; 258:15 256:15; 260:24; 261:12, narrative [3] - 195:18, 20; 259:1, 13; 268:9, 12; 272:7 Mossop [4] - 4:8; 5:4; 16; 262:8 197:9 modelled [2] - 240:18; 129:18; 252:1 MS [112] - 8:6; 9:19; 13:25; narrow [2] - 97:16; 275:17 259:18 MOSSOP [1] - 252:2 14:2, 20, 22; 26:4; 27:3, NASA [1] - 211:12 modelling [17] - 26:14, 21; most [29] - 27:1; 30:13; 14; 42:23; 43:21; 44:24; Nation [16] - 3:13; 11:9; 171:19; 204:24; 209:11; 33:24; 34:2, 12; 50:2; 55:4; 48:4; 57:4, 8; 58:1, 7; 59:7, 13:10, 21, 23; 14:4; 210:6; 233:12; 237:20; 58:16; 65:5; 74:1; 85:24; 12; 60:8, 18; 61:2; 63:15; 115:17; 121:7; 184:11; 238:8, 11, 20; 244:14; 92:3; 113:8; 128:22; 133:5, 64:3, 6; 79:19, 23; 80:7, 186:11; 193:3; 232:25; 256:16, 18, 23; 257:8; 7; 135:7; 137:19, 23; 23; 81:23; 82:11, 16; 253:5; 254:23; 256:24; 259:24 145:11; 155:15; 172:10; 83:15, 19, 24; 84:16, 18; 260:21 models [17] - 134:22; 238:9, 178:10; 182:1; 229:10; 85:1, 18; 86:12, 16; 87:16; National [1] - 133:9 13, 21, 23; 239:4, 12, 19, 230:18; 240:22; 255:11; 89:1, 5, 23; 93:14; 94:6; national [2] - 137:20; 157:23 23; 240:11, 19; 242:16; 284:17 95:12; 96:15, 18; 99:11; nationally [1] - 65:1 243:1; 249:8; 257:2 mostly [2] - 134:12; 218:5 103:22; 104:7, 12, 18; Nations [64] - 4:14, 18-19, 105:23; 106:7, 23; 107:23; moderate [2] - 172:25; 181:8 MOTI [1] - 276:8 21-22; 5:1, 3; 13:13; 14:7; 108:17; 109:3, 23; 110:10, moderated [1] - 64:5 motivators [2] - 72:25; 73:4 21:13; 25:4, 21; 37:24; 17; 112:10; 113:1, 11, 17, modify [1] - 177:15 motor [5] - 39:14; 40:4, 12; 97:18; 105:13; 116:7; 24; 114:22; 115:1; 119:7; MOE [1] - 132:10 42:23; 129:4 121:23; 123:1; 125:10; 129:2; 154:13; 156:6; moisture [6] - 206:11; Mountain [2] - 92:18; 282:4 130:18; 139:25; 148:12; 157:16; 159:2; 174:10, 22; 210:17; 214:14; 215:4, 8; mountain [7] - 65:13; 110:4; 165:11; 166:8, 20; 174:2; 175:9, 22, 24; 176:23; 224:8 222:17; 234:1; 251:1; 176:9; 186:14; 188:5, 20; 178:17; 179:17; 180:22; mold [1] - 41:20 252:13; 256:21 189:5, 10; 190:11, 17; 182:15; 183:1, 3, 17, 24; mom [1] - 51:15 Mountains [1] - 134:14 192:7; 229:4, 16, 22; 192:23; 195:24; 196:2; moment [2] - 110:22; 199:18 mountains [3] - 93:3; 230:1, 3; 231:14; 232:24; 197:24; 198:6, 14, 18, 20, moms [1] - 36:18 133:17; 225:2 233:7; 235:13; 236:8, 16; 25; 199:13; 201:6, 9, 24; money [22] - 35:7, 14, 18, 20, mouthful [1] - 172:3 237:2; 238:3; 243:5; 245:5;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 24
248:4; 251:12; 252:11; 268:14 non [10] - 10:20, 25; 11:3; notice [3] - 106:25; 148:23; 253:23; 257:15; 261:2, 19, negative [1] - 131:5 48:25; 49:2; 54:15, 22; 177:9 21; 264:2, 4; 265:20, 25; negatively [1] - 162:12 142:8; 269:6; 280:19 noticeably [1] - 80:18 284:22 neglected [1] - 93:21 non-identifiable [1] - 142:8 notion [2] - 47:14; 50:19 Nations' [5] - 123:15; 236:18; negligible [1] - 267:17 non-profit [8] - 10:20, 25; November [1] - 190:23 237:14; 251:2, 20 negotiate [1] - 90:17 11:3; 48:25; 49:2; 54:15; NPA [1] - 209:18 native [1] - 169:10 negotiated [1] - 188:3 269:6; 280:19 NPAS [1] - 209:18 Natural [21] - 3:17, 22; 4:1, negotiation [2] - 188:9; non-profits [1] - 54:22 number [58] - 9:23; 10:23; 11; 6:7; 61:13, 17, 25; 276:25 none [5] - 74:18-20; 88:22; 28:18; 38:10; 43:6; 50:22; 62:20; 63:13; 65:7; 68:20; negotiations [3] - 188:4, 19; 256:17 52:6; 55:9; 73:14, 16-17; 72:4; 84:23; 103:9; 159:22; 275:10 normal [4] - 43:7; 124:16; 74:7; 80:25; 81:4, 11, 16; 160:12; 177:25; 257:4; NEIL [5] - 202:16; 210:12; 226:3; 255:16 89:24; 92:15; 106:14; 281:5; 282:21 228:9, 15, 23 normalized [1] - 43:24 108:21; 109:13; 110:19; natural [10] - 65:10; 162:5, Neil [4] - 4:13; 199:14; normally [1] - 224:11 111:1; 112:15; 116:22; 24; 163:3, 23; 164:10; 200:25; 202:15 North [10] - 28:9; 49:2; 75:14; 126:5, 13, 15; 128:9; 166:4; 170:20; 178:4; Nelson [4] - 90:24; 91:1; 96:4; 125:5; 128:4; 131:18; 132:9, 17; 133:1; 141:23; 179:6 222:4; 264:23 212:8; 213:3; 282:2 147:24; 148:3; 152:12; nature [2] - 73:5; 103:7 nested [3] - 168:10, 12; north [33] - 11:1; 40:10, 13; 153:6; 154:4; 155:9, 21; NAV [1] - 214:1 169:3 41:7; 42:8, 24; 48:10; 193:4; 230:15; 232:16; navigability [1] - 236:2 nesting [1] - 169:1 72:17, 21, 23; 73:4, 11, 21, 234:18; 235:15; 239:9, 25; navigational [2] - 204:8; net [4] - 67:4; 81:14; 82:10 23; 75:9, 19; 86:15, 17, 22; 240:7; 252:20; 257:23; 235:12 network [2] - 87:3; 149:21 87:21; 88:10; 92:22; 94:23; 258:11, 18, 24; 266:13; Naylor [7] - 3:18, 22; 61:19; networks [2] - 78:24; 94:21 101:3, 23; 132:2; 133:17; 274:21; 276:10 62:1, 5; 64:8; 159:7 never [1] - 158:23 134:2; 146:24; 152:23; numbers [22] - 6:4; 9:3, 5-6, NAYLOR [9] - 62:3; 63:9; nevertheless [1] - 103:3 212:16; 224:21; 227:12 8, 12; 26:16, 25; 27:2; 159:5, 16; 160:8; 199:16; new [31] - 13:14; 18:4, 7, 20; north-eastern [1] - 48:10 40:17; 42:21; 51:9, 22; 200:11, 20, 22 22:25; 34:21; 41:18; 53:10; northeast [16] - 28:19, 21, 52:18; 53:2; 94:11; 105:25; near [10] - 162:20; 165:7; 54:5; 55:2, 13; 56:1; 88:1; 23-24; 30:5; 39:4, 16; 44:1; 109:16; 134:21; 154:24 170:9, 17, 19; 172:19; 106:12; 127:20; 138:25; 73:17; 132:11; 134:4; numerous [4] - 21:13; 23:9; 176:20; 185:22; 255:22 150:8; 154:18; 224:7; 159:21; 190:11; 204:18; 191:10; 261:7 near-surface [1] - 255:22 237:6; 245:24; 246:10, 12, 219:9; 279:21 nutrient [2] - 247:4, 17 near-term [7] - 162:20; 18-19; 247:14; 248:18; Northern [18] - 10:1, 3, 7, 9, nutrients [1] - 245:13 165:7; 170:9, 17; 172:19; 263:16; 269:5; 281:14 13; 28:4; 33:6; 45:2, 7, 10; 185:22 New [3] - 31:22; 69:3; 279:18 48:8; 90:23; 91:2, 4, 6; O nearly [1] - 217:12 newcomers [2] - 35:25; 133:9; 280:10, 12 neatly [1] - 175:4 48:20 northern [35] - 21:7; 22:4; o'clock [1] - 284:12 necessarily [6] - 82:5; newly [2] - 64:22; 279:17 24:24; 31:22; 37:14, 23; object [1] - 140:24 110:14; 139:23; 239:2; newly-established [1] - 38:1; 39:4; 40:15; 71:22; objective [16] - 135:14; 242:23; 266:14 279:17 72:5, 8, 13, 16; 73:15; 162:21, 23; 166:12; necessary [5] - 18:15; 24:19; newly-minted [1] - 64:22 80:21; 85:17; 93:20; 95:13, 169:20, 25; 170:4, 6; 32:7; 269:16; 275:2 15, 19, 21; 96:2, 13; 97:3, next [23] - 26:8; 29:8; 33:11; 171:1, 22; 172:17; 173:12; need [49] - 11:4; 20:8; 21:6; 24; 101:21; 133:23; 161:4; 49:2; 72:5; 127:14; 159:3, 183:9; 185:17 22:25; 24:23; 34:3, 10-11; 9; 160:5; 162:2; 167:5; 182:23, 25; 184:3, 6; objectives [25] - 23:19; 46:7, 15; 50:19; 57:17; 168:24; 169:12; 171:20; 232:10; 252:12 146:7; 167:15; 173:2, 13; 59:5; 62:25; 63:7; 70:24; 172:15; 173:19; 175:9; northwest [3] - 39:4; 161:22; 179:10-12; 180:14, 16; 76:17; 82:9; 102:2; 105:21; 176:24; 190:21; 238:7; 282:5 181:25; 182:2, 19, 21, 24; 108:14; 116:15; 117:7; 266:22; 281:2 Northwest [1] - 112:14 183:5; 186:5; 235:2; 119:7; 123:20, 24; 136:15, notably [2] - 19:6, 18 nice [4] - 37:6; 126:20; 238:15, 17; 249:15; 23; 139:5; 150:17; 151:25; note [29] - 9:23; 11:13; 18:3; 219:24; 227:11 276:14; 282:25; 283:6, 10 166:8; 171:12; 179:4; nicer [1] - 92:2 63:1; 66:21; 67:25; 78:6; obligations [1] - 278:17 191:23; 192:20; 203:3, 13; niche [3] - 85:15, 25; 281:20 89:7; 98:24; 101:1; 105:2; 210:3; 216:4; 219:10; 143:11; 145:18, 22; observers [1] - 142:1 Nicol [3] - 3:10; 7:25; 108:22 221:19; 222:8; 228:19; 161:12; 170:7; 172:5; obtain [1] - 23:3 NICOL [1] - 108:22 260:14; 262:3; 263:24; 206:9; 215:2; 235:23; obvious [1] - 142:7 Nielsen [3] - 2:15; 285:3, 19 267:16; 284:10 244:16; 249:3; 251:11; obviously [2] - 58:10; 95:19 night [5] - 212:14; 226:13; needed [6] - 22:24; 121:18; 262:25; 266:8; 273:12; occupations [1] - 134:23 255:23; 260:12; 278:20 123:12; 164:5; 175:5; 278:22; 281:7 occur [4] - 124:18; 168:13; nights [1] - 79:21 202:4 noted [9] - 21:20; 262:12; 243:9; 273:4 nine [1] - 203:7 needing [1] - 56:3 268:22; 269:24; 271:19; occurred [2] - 193:22; Nino [1] - 224:4 needs [15] - 15:11, 18; 25:2; 276:2, 18, 20; 281:16 258:15 NO [2] - 3:2; 6:2 54:12; 55:7; 97:21; 116:19; notes [3] - 17:10; 24:2; 99:21 occurring [1] - 169:6 nobody [1] - 207:21 117:11, 15; 136:20; nothing [3] - 102:24; 127:15; Oceans [2] - 250:8, 12 noise [4] - 264:11, 17, 20 150:19; 166:14; 267:20; 213:15 OCP [1] - 266:21
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 25
OCR [1] - 2:15 77:14; 79:8; 85:7; 86:10, 20, 24-25; 267:8; 280:2; 102:12; 161:3; 175:6; October [4] - 11:15, 17; 28:1; 14; 87:9; 90:2, 5-6, 10; 282:1 208:15, 18; 213:10; 221:8; 273:10 91:2, 23; 92:2, 8; 94:18; opportunity [26] - 13:16; 267:24 odds [1] - 127:13 96:20, 22; 99:5, 22; 100:6; 27:24; 42:18; 44:13; 45:14; outstanding [1] - 117:21 OF [3] - 1:1; 3:1; 6:1 101:11, 21; 102:17; 61:12; 86:9; 88:7, 13; 90:3; outweigh [1] - 37:5 off-road [1] - 138:12 108:12; 109:25; 110:3, 24; 125:4, 12; 130:20; 135:24; overall [10] - 40:8; 82:10; offer [9] - 50:22; 51:5; 93:22; 111:2; 112:10; 117:12; 137:4; 147:4; 151:11; 83:4, 12; 144:25; 153:7; 203:12; 217:22; 220:16; 124:25; 125:6; 126:3; 158:8; 230:2; 236:4; 250:8; 170:5, 24; 172:24; 252:5 250:17; 251:16; 261:17 129:24; 130:5; 134:9; 251:14; 253:17; 265:2; overarching [1] - 233:17 offered [1] - 279:18 142:5; 150:6; 153:17; 280:25; 281:19 overcome [1] - 230:16 offers [4] - 59:9; 60:19; 155:6; 156:13, 25; 158:15; opposite [3] - 92:12; 149:6; overdose [1] - 40:24 80:21; 207:15 159:10; 161:20; 162:23; 227:22 overestimate [2] - 67:3; 68:9 OFFICE [1] - 1:8 168:5; 169:16, 18; 184:8, optimistic [3] - 249:17; overhanging [1] - 245:15 office [11] - 56:9; 121:17, 22; 11; 195:7; 203:14; 204:18; 268:11; 275:11 overlap [2] - 108:24; 279:7 178:7, 25; 195:16; 198:22; 207:1, 3, 22; 209:19; optimize [1] - 32:8 overlapping [4] - 6:6; 84:2, 203:20, 24; 214:5; 273:9 210:16; 214:10, 24-25; option [3] - 16:15; 25:13; 7, 22 officer [6] - 29:10, 16; 42:7; 215:17; 218:1, 5; 222:12; 281:1 overlay [1] - 219:2 223:1, 21; 227:13; 228:11; 203:24; 271:5, 11 options [3] - 167:2, 4; 266:3 overlook [1] - 150:12 239:7; 240:25; 252:22; officers [2] - 28:2; 41:11 orally [2] - 81:24; 229:11 overnight [1] - 75:20 256:25; 258:20; 268:4 offices [3] - 28:3; 33:2, 7 orange [1] - 226:6 overproduce [1] - 36:2 one-five [1] - 223:1 official [3] - 212:1; 266:19; oranges [1] - 75:17 oversee [1] - 271:21 one-one [1] - 227:13 267:2 order [10] - 29:11; 34:4; overseeing [3] - 204:15; ones [8] - 71:19; 78:2; 85:23; Official [2] - 285:3, 20 146:2; 172:4; 179:4, 21; 272:7; 274:7 139:4, 8; 142:6; 225:12; offs [2] - 135:2 234:18; 247:20; 266:14; oversight [4] - 273:3, 14; 226:5 offset [1] - 18:4 272:14 274:4; 275:19 ongoing [7] - 10:10; 21:25; offsetting [17] - 233:11; organization [10] - 12:16; overstating [1] - 100:16 254:17; 260:15; 270:9, 19; 234:3; 235:17, 21; 236:6, 23:13; 48:25; 49:2; 56:18; overstressed [1] - 151:1 275:11 17, 21-22; 237:6, 12; 66:3; 91:14; 206:17; overview [3] - 162:3; 169:13; online [1] - 140:22 247:21; 249:23; 250:24; 280:20 262:19 onset [1] - 280:7 251:4; 252:5, 15, 25 organizations [9] - 11:1; overweight [1] - 43:19 Ontario [1] - 133:23 often [12] - 67:9; 76:14, 17; 24:3; 54:15; 136:5, 7, 18; overwhelming [1] - 149:22 open [10] - 72:18; 97:4, 14, 80:1; 82:23; 85:13; 86:6; 155:13; 211:9, 11 own [10] - 18:25; 43:16; 50:9; 17; 142:3; 164:19; 176:16; 98:16; 142:8; 244:2; organized [1] - 28:2 64:15; 72:1; 91:11; 130:22; 214:20; 218:22; 284:16 255:20 orientation [1] - 164:2 214:9 opened [1] - 55:2 oil [9] - 28:22; 34:20; 84:4; original [1] - 282:5 owned [1] - 256:11 opening [4] - 8:3; 9:16, 18; 172:20; 173:6, 15; 195:6; originally [2] - 48:12; 120:18 owner [1] - 131:12 13:17 212:15; 217:15 OSB [3] - 213:2; 224:7; Oxford [1] - 140:22 Oil [2] - 173:4; 178:4 Opening [3] - 3:4, 12; 7:10 225:21 Okanagan [1] - 161:22 operate [6] - 49:15; 70:14; Oszik [1] - 144:11 82:9; 95:25; 160:4; 203:15 P old [14] - 31:25; 35:25; otherwise [2] - 226:14; 171:21, 23, 25; 172:1, 5, operating [4] - 126:1; 173:6, 228:13 10, 13, 24; 173:3, 10, 15 14; 176:10 Ottawa [2] - 203:19; 218:7 P-a-l-m-e-r [1] - 238:6 old-growth [12] - 171:21, 23, operation [2] - 145:20; ourselves [3] - 69:12; 84:15; p.m [2] - 128:19; 284:21 25; 172:1, 5, 10, 13, 24; 197:21 150:1 Pacific [1] - 70:4 173:3, 10, 15 operational [19] - 65:4; 78:7; out-migration [1] - 154:23 PAD [1] - 194:25 old-timers [1] - 35:25 159:18; 160:19; 161:18; outcome [2] - 138:19; 165:10 Paddle [1] - 139:22 163:4; 165:16; 166:5, 17; older [4] - 38:4; 76:15; 98:1; outcomes [3] - 22:1; 27:24; paediatric [2] - 50:23; 60:20 242:9 167:11; 173:20; 180:11; 164:17 paediatrician [3] - 53:20, 22; 205:20; 254:17; 267:17; oldest [2] - 175:15, 17 outdoor [6] - 65:12; 71:15; 60:23 282:23 omissions [1] - 204:24 72:15; 74:4, 17; 81:25 page [9] - 84:5; 194:4; 240:5, Operations [18] - 3:17, 22; once [10] - 41:25; 89:17; outfitter [2] - 85:7; 90:8 9; 244:23; 256:22; 257:7; 4:2, 12; 6:7; 61:14, 18; 152:4; 153:23; 206:10; outfitters [14] - 74:23; 81:24; 277:5; 278:1 229:11; 239:21; 242:5; 62:1, 20; 63:13; 65:7; 82:3, 18, 21; 83:16, 20; PAGE [2] - 3:2; 6:2 267:17; 271:15 84:23; 103:10; 159:22; 84:4, 9; 90:6, 9, 11; 91:10; Pages [1] - 1:17 160:12; 178:1; 257:4; one [122] - 8:7; 19:18; 24:13; 94:19 pages [3] - 213:23; 250:15 282:22 26:17; 28:18; 30:4, 19; Outfitters [1] - 86:3 paid [1] - 82:23 operations [2] - 243:11; 32:16; 33:2, 16; 34:7; outline [3] - 135:15; 247:7; paint [2] - 214:2; 219:1 252:22 36:16; 37:11, 25; 42:6; 267:19 PALMER [4] - 231:7, 11; operator [1] - 279:17 43:22; 45:2, 5, 25; 46:18; outlined [2] - 11:7; 252:18 237:23; 238:4 operators [1] - 67:17 49:1; 50:14, 17; 59:14, 22; outlook [1] - 148:5 Palmer [12] - 4:16, 20; opportunities [16] - 16:17; 64:14; 65:5, 9; 66:7, 21-22, outputs [1] - 242:1 229:18; 230:19; 231:5, 18:20; 78:8; 156:18; 157:5, 25; 68:16; 69:23; 70:21; outs [1] - 157:3 18-19; 232:17; 238:3, 5 21; 232:22; 253:3, 9, 15, 72:6; 73:14; 74:7; 75:12; outside [10] - 66:6; 95:2; panel [69] - 2:6; 4:19; 9:20;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 26
14:10; 22:16; 25:7; 27:22; 187:16; 248:24; 261:18 237:15; 245:20; 253:3; 263:6 28:17; 29:4; 41:5; 45:17; particularly [12] - 10:20; 261:8; 265:7, 10, 17; perfect [1] - 218:17 62:4, 7, 9-10; 63:5; 65:18; 15:4; 16:10; 29:15; 48:11; 273:11; 276:1; 282:2, 6 perform [1] - 241:19 87:9; 89:12; 93:6; 96:19, 50:22; 56:17; 85:24; 88:8; Peace-Moberly [1] - 233:3 performance [9] - 12:4, 6, 25; 98:5, 8, 15; 99:10, 14; 105:20; 186:12; 262:23 Peace-Williston [2] - 142:22; 11; 13:1; 44:20; 216:12; 101:5; 102:14; 115:10, 15; particulate [5] - 8:13; 144:23 258:4; 284:19, 22 125:23; 128:13; 130:19, 210:21; 212:18; 214:15 Pearson [2] - 205:17; 219:25 performed [1] - 271:24 23; 133:11; 138:4; 140:4; particulate" [1] - 206:12 pee [1] - 31:2 perfunctory [1] - 138:5 141:10; 142:25; 147:21; parties [1] - 9:24 peer [1] - 259:14 perhaps [7] - 96:25; 97:15; 151:21; 152:10; 156:13; partly [3] - 18:4; 48:18 peer-reviewed [1] - 259:14 124:2; 130:25; 135:1; 159:6, 25; 199:21, 25; partner [1] - 64:21 pellet [1] - 212:7 138:5; 147:19 200:6; 204:21; 229:24; partners [2] - 74:11; 137:13 pending [1] - 137:21 period [14] - 15:14; 18:20; 230:13; 231:3, 14; 234:2, partnership [5] - 45:13; penetrate [1] - 226:10 22:24; 23:8; 26:20; 48:7; 14, 17, 19, 22; 236:11; 62:15; 95:20; 102:4; 269:4 PENNY [6] - 48:4; 57:4; 58:7; 54:5; 60:4; 98:14; 196:12, 250:6, 18; 251:13; 262:8; partnerships [3] - 32:21; 59:12; 60:18; 61:2 19; 270:8 265:19; 284:3, 7 49:9 Penny [4] - 3:15; 47:20, 24; periods [2] - 9:6; 106:10 PANEL [3] - 1:1; 2:1 Partnerships [1] - 21:12 57:10 permission [2] - 108:13 Panel [13] - 3:5, 17, 22; 4:3, parts [2] - 85:19; 213:24 people [116] - 30:1, 21; 31:9; permit [2] - 118:19; 166:6 14; 7:15; 61:18; 62:1; 89:7; Pass [1] - 127:16 33:7, 12-13; 35:4, 6-7, 14, permitted [1] - 276:11 129:9; 229:16; 252:20; pass [1] - 31:2 21; 36:3, 5, 10, 13, 17; permitting [2] - 108:3; 274:9 278:15 passage [5] - 242:7; 256:20; 37:1, 25; 38:4, 14, 23; perplexed [1] - 273:4 panel's [5] - 62:14, 17; 258:2, 5, 17 39:8, 22; 41:6; 42:1, 14; persistent [1] - 23:10 135:18, 20; 251:17 passed [2] - 102:18; 109:6 43:18; 44:7, 12, 17; person [10] - 8:21; 63:16; parachuting [2] - 155:19 passenger [1] - 221:22 46:14-16, 20; 47:6; 48:15; 80:14; 86:7; 114:20; 147:7; paradox [1] - 31:16 passengers [2] - 219:15; 51:18; 55:17, 19; 58:8, 12, 157:24; 159:12; 272:13 parameter [8] - 208:21; 221:14 16, 18; 59:4, 10; 63:25; person's [1] - 141:5 239:15, 17, 21; 241:23; passion [1] - 282:7 66:18; 67:6, 10, 16; 70:9, personal [7] - 131:1; 134:18; 242:4; 249:1, 6 past [21] - 14:14; 20:4; 21:4; 19; 71:4; 73:10, 20; 77:15; 146:23; 148:4, 10; 157:6; parameters [5] - 146:14; 31:2; 32:3; 40:23; 44:5; 78:14; 79:12; 80:12; 84:13; 282:10 210:7; 223:21; 238:24 120:9; 121:2; 125:14; 88:10; 91:16, 23; 92:6; personally [3] - 88:6; 148:2; paraphrasing [1] - 120:11 126:3; 141:10; 148:9; 94:12; 95:8; 99:6, 23; 190:21 pardon [1] - 256:2 161:14; 162:16; 185:19; 100:11; 101:10, 13, 15, 19; persons [3] - 19:11; 66:5; parent [1] - 51:3 194:17; 205:13; 218:5; 102:25; 105:5; 107:4; 133:2 parenthood [2] - 36:6; 37:12 220:19; 253:16 109:18; 112:19, 25; perspective [18] - 10:11; parents [3] - 58:2, 5, 10 pastoral [1] - 134:17 114:24; 125:21; 126:12; 28:11; 77:2, 11, 21; 79:20; Park [1] - 282:6 path [1] - 223:16 127:6; 136:4; 139:22, 25; 80:9; 81:1, 6, 15; 94:25; park [2] - 147:19; 157:4 pathologist [1] - 59:23 140:11; 141:11; 147:25; 103:8; 140:14; 143:18; parking [1] - 79:11 patience [1] - 201:1 148:3, 10-12; 150:11; 182:5; 205:5; 215:2; 155:9, 16, 19; 157:3; parks [8] - 74:4; 86:15, 19, patients [3] - 38:18, 20 278:22 169:15; 187:3; 193:12; 23, 25; 87:1; 156:13 pattern [2] - 73:10; 221:5 perspectives [1] - 34:1 200:9; 209:22; 217:16; part [37] - 12:2, 5, 24; 28:2; patterns [2] - 220:21; 221:2 pertains [1] - 19:16 261:10; 264:11; 266:22 31:22; 33:1; 36:1; 57:15, paved [1] - 134:9 PETER [3] - 26:6; 95:17; peoples [1] - 263:14 22; 67:15, 18; 73:25; 76:1; pavement [1] - 227:23 229:5 79:10; 81:3; 82:22; 83:21; per [16] - 8:16; 26:17; 39:15; pay [5] - 35:8; 37:7; 46:17; Peter [4] - 2:10; 3:19; 61:21; 47:1; 58:9; 110:3, 23; 85:20; 87:2, 4; 93:20; 86:7; 267:22 62:14 100:21; 102:8; 172:7; 133:14; 207:1; 213:24; paying [2] - 69:25; 70:4 phase [3] - 36:1; 277:8; 174:16; 178:2; 182:1, 11; 220:20; 240:3; 257:16, 22; Peace [82] - 4:10; 11:1; 279:25 189:1, 12; 215:13; 236:5; 272:2; 283:20 14:16, 25; 19:23; 21:5; phenomenon [1] - 206:19 243:10; 260:22; 273:12; perceive [1] - 166:18 22:22; 23:11; 24:8; 25:11; philosophy [1] - 37:6 280:11; 281:16 perceived [5] - 117:6; 28:9; 49:3; 75:11, 14, 18; phone [2] - 122:9; 231:6 participant [1] - 195:11 138:15; 139:9, 19; 141:19 81:4; 87:11; 92:9; 107:2; phonetic [1] - 144:11 PARTICIPANTS [1] - 2:8 percent [24] - 30:3; 31:1; 122:10; 125:5, 21; 126:12, photo [1] - 232:5 participants [3] - 140:15; 39:20; 68:3, 6, 25; 75:10, 14; 127:4; 128:2, 4; photographs [1] - 198:8 259:13; 260:19 18, 21, 23; 76:9; 110:12; 130:11; 131:2, 7, 19; photography [1] - 91:17 participate [3] - 115:22; 111:14; 119:14; 169:21; 132:2, 14-15; 133:2, 4, 12, physical [6] - 19:20, 23; 171:24; 172:1; 183:8; 266:1; 279:14 14; 134:1, 6, 15; 135:8, 23; 20:3, 9; 131:22; 149:24 participated [1] - 139:22 209:15; 214:23; 237:5; 136:8; 137:8, 14, 23; physician [6] - 10:5; 28:6; 238:18 participation [6] - 25:17; 139:14, 18, 22; 142:22; 30:7; 31:11; 38:16 230:17; 251:20; 261:2, 21; percentage [6] - 39:6; 58:15; 144:23; 145:6, 8, 15, 18, physicians [5] - 29:23; 69:6; 108:18; 215:23; 279:10 22; 147:9; 150:9, 21; 38:11, 14, 17 particular [12] - 15:6; 45:11; 258:22 152:23; 184:3; 193:21; physiotherapist [1] - 58:25 84:10; 95:16; 104:10; perception [5] - 136:25; 194:16; 198:1; 204:19; pick [3] - 87:24; 180:12; 105:2, 11; 106:20; 157:13; 222:5; 233:3; 234:1; 137:17; 138:8; 151:5;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 27
219:21 planting [1] - 256:10 110:20; 112:18; 117:2, 16; pre [13] - 20:14; 97:8; 193:7; picked [2] - 33:9 plants [3] - 223:14; 246:12; 119:16; 120:20; 121:10; 196:9; 197:1; 199:4; picture [7] - 43:25; 71:13, 25; 247:3 122:5, 10, 16; 124:16, 19; 205:13; 206:1; 238:18; 78:25; 225:7; 226:2; play [8] - 23:17; 24:7; 46:6; 125:10; 128:7; 154:23; 258:22; 260:4 227:17 71:1; 182:4; 280:5; 281:25 237:20; 238:8, 13-14; pre-Bennett [1] - 196:9 pictures [4] - 89:15; 121:12; played [1] - 278:23 239:22; 240:13, 20; 242:1; pre-consultation [2] - 205:3 players [1] - 32:20 244:14; 249:14; 256:16; 205:13; 206:1 pie [2] - 67:19; 69:22 plays [1] - 30:5 258:7, 23; 259:1; 263:19; pre-European [1] - 97:8 piece [1] - 73:6 pleased [3] - 100:19; 230:2; 266:17, 25; 267:5, 14, 22 pre-industrial [6] - 20:14; pieces [2] - 179:15; 182:10 251:13 population-level [1] - 238:14 193:7; 196:9; 197:1; 199:4 pike [1] - 252:13 plough [1] - 219:1 populations [12] - 107:9, 13; pre-project [3] - 238:18; piles [1] - 225:2 plume [5] - 217:4, 9; 225:24; 108:1; 117:7; 125:9, 24; 258:22; 260:4 pilot [5] - 177:19; 203:22; 227:13 128:9; 143:21; 169:11; precisely [1] - 80:22 205:14; 207:6; 222:16 plumes [1] - 217:3 233:25; 257:11 preclude [1] - 195:18 pilot's [1] - 225:11 plunge [1] - 36:14 portrays [1] - 160:21 predators [2] - 126:22, 24 pilots [4] - 211:21; 214:12; plus [2] - 125:16; 188:16 pose [2] - 30:1; 42:6 predict [2] - 240:12; 260:14 220:11; 225:13 PM10 [1] - 9:4 posed [1] - 103:11 predicted [4] - 8:12; 198:12; Pine [3] - 127:16; 253:13 PM2.5 [2] - 26:14, 20 position [5] - 105:17; 117:23; 247:11; 255:6 pipeline [2] - 170:23; 172:22 PMT [1] - 233:5 148:21; 261:17; 271:22 predicting [1] - 240:23 pipelines [4] - 34:23; 185:5; point [42] - 15:3; 19:15; positioned [1] - 21:2 prediction [1] - 259:9 220:24 28:13; 29:21; 35:10; 37:10; positions [2] - 132:10; predictions [3] - 238:10; pity [1] - 174:11 43:17; 54:7; 65:25; 66:14; 155:12 241:5; 257:12 pivotal [1] - 71:2 67:5; 78:18; 82:16; 85:1; positive [2] - 146:12; 218:20 preface [1] - 166:17 place [26] - 43:13; 47:3; 90:5, 21; 94:22; 102:7, 10; positively [1] - 162:12 preference [1] - 105:8 69:13; 73:2; 85:4; 88:11; 111:24; 114:3; 115:8; possibility [2] - 243:12; preliminary [3] - 11:14; 92:18; 98:7; 107:1; 134:25; 116:4; 129:25; 146:19; 249:11 283:24 135:1, 5, 10; 153:23; 151:19, 21; 168:5; 180:22; possible [4] - 101:8; 111:22; premature [1] - 60:6 155:15; 166:15; 218:17; 185:10; 210:8; 218:1, 3; 112:22; 200:12 prenatal [1] - 38:9 223:13; 224:1; 270:4; 222:2; 223:19; 239:19; possibly [4] - 44:2; 144:15; preparation [3] - 193:18; 272:17; 273:7; 282:8; 240:15; 241:3; 242:15; 166:14; 217:16 194:2; 269:10 285:8 255:10; 273:15 post [3] - 260:3; 273:18, 24 prepare [8] - 32:22; 33:15; placed [1] - 204:22 pointed [1] - 101:15 post-certification [2] - 41:13, 22; 177:7, 21; places [5] - 30:4; 66:6; points [13] - 14:9; 66:9; 273:18, 24 280:7, 22 93:22; 148:8; 157:3 88:20; 90:1, 7; 104:19; post-project [1] - 260:3 prepared [4] - 93:8; 104:12; plan [49] - 10:4; 12:5, 8; 125:4; 196:6; 233:16; potential [36] - 16:20; 20:6; 148:21; 193:11 29:19; 32:22; 33:15; 41:12; 234:24; 239:1, 7; 243:21 40:10; 75:6; 77:8; 78:2; preparing [1] - 144:19 46:4; 47:11; 64:14, 16; Poland [1] - 211:13 87:11, 15; 92:24; 93:4; preschool [1] - 51:5 112:5; 135:24; 136:19; polar [1] - 223:5 147:10; 151:7, 17; 154:9; prescribe [1] - 254:7 166:9; 181:13; 182:25; police [2] - 41:1; 271:15 156:11; 173:9; 194:9; prescriptive [1] - 25:19 212:1; 221:25; 234:3, 15, policies [5] - 10:16; 29:23; 233:20; 234:5; 237:12; presence [1] - 138:1 239:20, 24; 244:18; 17, 23; 235:1, 3, 6-7, 32:12; 41:12; 280:10 present [16] - 11:12; 27:23; 10-11, 17; 236:6, 21-22; policing [3] - 271:3; 275:20 250:25; 254:6; 264:21; 42:18; 45:22; 148:9; 160:1, 247:21; 250:24; 251:4; policy [11] - 23:14, 18; 38:12; 265:15, 20, 22; 268:21; 18; 162:16; 181:9; 185:19; 252:15, 19; 263:11; 162:21; 167:15; 178:25; 271:18; 272:7; 273:1; 201:3; 230:3; 251:14; 266:19; 267:2; 270:2, 11; 180:16; 282:25; 283:6, 9 280:23; 283:14 266:9; 281:5 potentially [3] - 124:13; 274:2; 276:3, 5, 16; 280:6, policy-maker [1] - 178:25 Presentation [13] - 3:13-15; 22 policy-taker [1] - 178:25 166:11; 185:13 4:1, 9, 11, 13, 17, 20; 5:1; plane [1] - 227:18 political [2] - 35:10 pounds [2] - 221:21 13:23; 47:24; 229:21 planes [1] - 228:1 poll [1] - 56:10 poverty [5] - 28:25; 30:2, 22; presentation [47] - 4:22; 5:2; planned [2] - 104:16; 268:23 pollution [4] - 206:12; 35:23; 36:15 14:5; 27:21; 47:22; 57:9; planning [24] - 6:9; 21:7, 22, 210:18, 21; 226:25 Powder [5] - 99:4, 6-7; 102:7 62:22; 63:12; 86:14; 92:20; 25; 24:24; 37:3; 93:19, 25; Pomeroy [2] - 1:23 POWER [1] - 1:4 104:5; 130:11, 20; 142:10; 114:19; 115:5; 133:4; pond [1] - 127:7 power [2] - 204:8; 276:6 159:3, 10; 160:4, 11; 137:14; 143:13; 149:18; Ponderosa [1] - 133:25 PowerPoint [5] - 160:4; 180:25; 202:15; 229:3; 174:25; 177:12; 181:1, 24; pool [1] - 46:4 230:8, 10, 12, 23 230:3, 9-10, 18, 23; 233:7, 234:25; 235:21; 269:21; pooled [1] - 68:14 powers [2] - 271:24; 275:2 10; 238:3; 243:4; 245:4; 271:12; 275:23; 278:24 poor [2] - 30:13; 217:6 practice [3] - 28:9; 32:16; 248:3; 250:5, 7; 251:12; plans [15] - 10:15; 25:23; populating [1] - 233:12 147:8 262:21; 264:23; 265:6, 9, 42:13; 68:17; 134:22; population [54] - 16:23; 17:2; practices [2] - 173:14; 19; 268:18; 269:23; 141:7; 181:2, 22; 182:8; 37:22; 40:8; 43:23; 45:12; 248:19 270:13; 278:20, 25; 234:7, 19; 265:13; 276:9; 98:1, 10, 13, 20, 22-23; practising [1] - 28:6 280:16; 284:15 277:24; 280:9 105:19, 24; 106:4; 109:9; pragmatic [1] - 170:13 presentations [8] - 9:23; plant [1] - 212:7 Prairie [2] - 204:2; 210:14 81:23; 101:11; 104:21;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 28
109:4; 114:5; 206:5; 60:24; 72:20; 101:25; 16, 24; 145:1, 4; 146:7, 15; 179:21; 194:15, 18; 195:4, 266:12 117:19; 120:25; 208:14; 181:24; 243:24; 244:4; 6, 9; 198:9; 199:8; 201:22; presented [11] - 26:16; 27:2, 224:18 249:20; 254:7; 260:2; 203:5; 204:15; 232:3; 25; 125:8; 249:13; 253:7; problems [11] - 16:14; 31:14; 263:9, 15; 270:16, 18; 273:14 266:5, 15-16; 270:25; 36:16; 43:12, 20; 45:16; 272:6, 10, 23; 274:4; 277:4 prolong [1] - 192:10 282:22 60:2, 7; 105:12; 114:7; programs [23] - 45:7, 11, 15; prolonged [1] - 133:22 presenter [2] - 26:8; 32:22 166:11 65:12; 71:6; 94:17, 20; promise [2] - 69:20; 134:3 presenter's [1] - 142:9 procedurally [1] - 199:19 95:24; 142:20; 145:2, 19, promises [1] - 284:9 preserved [1] - 114:6 procedures [1] - 173:6 25; 146:10; 148:12; promote [8] - 35:12; 68:19; president [2] - 132:18; proceed [2] - 252:18; 282:11 151:14, 25; 152:3, 8; 70:22; 74:12; 85:16; 133:3; 231:19 proceeding [1] - 202:25 236:23; 248:17; 249:22; 141:14; 245:20 press [1] - 213:4 proceedings [10] - 7:8; 277:21 promoted [1] - 103:20 pressing [1] - 104:1 128:17, 19; 133:11; progress [1] - 277:9 promoting [2] - 93:20; 97:13 pressure [4] - 38:24; 53:18; 141:20; 144:24; 251:16; progressive [1] - 12:12 promotion [5] - 65:22; 70:23; 170:19; 269:9 284:21; 285:7, 10 prohibited [1] - 141:20 85:2; 97:3; 102:2 pressures [4] - 54:3; 168:17; PROCEEDINGS [2] - 1:11; PROJECT [2] - 1:2 promotional [2] - 77:19; 95:5 280:18 3:1 Project [1] - 49:18 promotions [1] - 86:5 prestigious [1] - 211:8 process [25] - 25:18; 135:17; project [129] - 14:14; 15:1, prompted [1] - 27:4 pretty [8] - 9:3; 42:21; 45:21; 138:19; 143:13; 165:2; 13; 16:21, 25; 17:3, 16; promptly [2] - 18:12; 24:16 72:7; 122:3; 126:22; 213:8; 166:21; 173:5, 14; 179:7; 19:10; 20:13, 25; 21:3; proof [1] - 141:9 224:17 180:7; 188:18; 189:14; 23:2, 6-7; 24:22; 25:10, propane [1] - 212:12 prevailing [3] - 218:6; 224:22 190:6, 15; 191:3, 7; 23-24; 26:22; 29:1, 8; propellers [1] - 216:3 prevails [2] - 206:23; 218:9 196:10; 252:16; 260:19; 34:16; 37:20; 42:16; 45:25; proper [4] - 27:10, 15; 52:20; prevent [2] - 141:16; 147:13 262:19; 267:13; 272:19; 49:14, 18; 55:10; 56:17; 168:2 prevents [1] - 255:12 274:2; 282:20, 24 76:22; 78:7; 83:10; 88:22; properly [4] - 39:2; 203:13; previous [9] - 32:22; 47:12; processes [6] - 21:25; 108:24; 114:14; 118:17; 206:15; 228:19 119:4, 25; 132:11; 133:5, 80:16; 92:16; 193:12; 140:20; 163:6; 164:23; property [2] - 47:1; 136:24 7; 134:4; 138:22; 141:14; 195:21; 197:10; 202:24; 168:14; 169:23 Prophecy [1] - 284:23 142:10; 143:25; 144:5, 17, 215:21 processing [2] - 212:11; proponent [28] - 23:6; 21; 150:17; 153:2, 5; previously [4] - 199:20; 214:7 115:14; 118:25; 119:3; 255:9; 259:19; 268:22 procured [1] - 19:8 154:24; 156:12, 18; 121:15; 136:4; 138:1, 18; 157:11, 13; 159:24; price [3] - 35:4, 8; 279:2 produce [1] - 34:25 140:12, 19; 142:17; 161:23; 162:6, 9; 163:11, prices [3] - 36:2, 13, 20 produced [1] - 141:21 144:18; 146:14; 147:11; 16, 25; 164:14; 176:8; primarily [5] - 96:1; 132:24; producing [1] - 215:19 149:12; 151:8; 152:3, 5, 158:16; 173:2; 256:2 product [11] - 81:20; 87:18, 177:15; 180:19; 182:3; 14; 153:9; 163:18; 165:8; 185:7; 186:4; 188:6; primary [7] - 55:5; 64:24; 21; 95:9; 99:25; 100:4, 10; 177:2, 11; 193:6; 195:19; 191:11; 193:5; 195:7; 142:7; 144:2; 170:18; 102:11; 103:23; 211:17 268:10; 274:4 197:5; 199:5, 11; 202:18; 256:3; 279:4 production [2] - 212:12; Proponent's [4] - 140:16; 205:15; 206:5, 8; 217:1; Prince [12] - 15:23; 17:19, 256:4 151:13; 152:1; 234:19 222:11; 224:7; 234:5, 9, 24; 33:4; 48:12; 72:7; productive [1] - 135:8 proponents [10] - 25:2; 21; 235:8, 19, 22; 237:10; 222:6, 22, 25; 223:5; 279:4 productivity [17] - 143:22; 164:24; 165:3; 176:18; 238:18; 241:16; 244:18, principal [1] - 132:21 144:3; 233:11, 24; 234:3; 177:6, 21; 178:20; 179:14; 22; 245:2; 252:17; 258:22; principally [2] - 61:14; 62:10 235:17, 21; 236:6, 17; 180:1; 283:4 260:3; 261:4; 263:4; priorities [6] - 23:18, 23; 247:21; 248:25; 249:5, 23, proportion [1] - 111:13 265:14, 16, 18; 267:15, 17, 236:19; 237:3; 251:2; 25; 251:1; 252:4, 6 proportionately [3] - 68:7; 23; 268:10; 270:22; 271:6, 253:24 products [12] - 67:12; 71:8, 70:6; 75:5 9, 18; 277:9, 18; 279:4, 7, prioritise [1] - 144:10 17; 73:12, 14, 17-19; 74:3; proposal [9] - 11:8; 112:21; 10, 22, 25; 280:3, 8; prioritization [1] - 56:5 77:12; 87:24; 100:25 146:22; 148:5; 157:8; 282:11, 19; 283:2; 284:10 prioritizing [1] - 236:25 professional [4] - 132:16; 268:1, 4; 277:5; 278:1 project's [2] - 162:4; 277:8 priority [14] - 122:11; 181:16, 231:21; 232:7 proposals [4] - 105:3; 143:1; project-level [1] - 163:25 20; 182:16-18; 185:14; professionals [6] - 46:10, 151:18; 184:2 projected [7] - 15:14; 16:17, 186:6; 187:14; 188:11, 24; 23; 52:16; 147:3; 220:9, 17 propose [4] - 233:19; 22, 24; 23:8; 138:7 232:25; 253:17; 277:4 profile [4] - 37:22; 71:7; 76:6, 252:23; 276:15; 283:21 projections [2] - 249:13; prisoners [1] - 47:14 13 proposed [29] - 10:22; 14:14; 267:1 private [3] - 55:2; 108:14; profiles [1] - 101:2 19:10; 20:7, 25; 21:3; projects [42] - 14:15; 16:18, 263:25 profit [8] - 10:20, 25; 11:3; 24:22; 57:18; 77:21; 22; 17:7, 22; 18:20; 20:3; privilege [3] - 48:5; 217:21 48:25; 49:2; 54:15; 269:6; 102:16; 143:4; 145:18; 21:5; 23:9; 25:2; 37:19; prizes [2] - 30:13; 39:19 280:19 151:17; 232:22; 234:5; 41:18; 46:1; 55:17; 98:11; proactive [3] - 164:16, 25; profits [1] - 54:22 235:7, 16; 244:19; 247:24; 137:12, 22; 144:11, 23; program [39] - 12:7, 12-14, 249:23; 253:7; 255:4; 177:18 145:6, 12; 146:1; 150:20; 25; 13:4, 7; 52:3; 59:24; 263:8; 264:5; 268:9; 269:5, probable [1] - 206:4 152:4; 158:17; 159:20; 82:18, 20; 95:21; 96:4, 8; 14; 276:3; 281:23 problem [10] - 43:16; 59:21; 161:20; 163:12; 165:3; 123:22; 143:12, 24; 144:9, PROPOSED [1] - 1:3
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 29
proposition [1] - 117:19 63:20; 64:12; 77:1; 94:25; query [2] - 74:13; 193:1 53:23 prospect [1] - 148:17 95:1; 115:16, 22; 124:6; questionable [1] - 221:19 rates [5] - 16:3; 36:15; 38:8; prospering [1] - 22:6 136:13; 157:10; 175:13; questioned [1] - 257:15 40:3; 44:20 Prosperity [1] - 195:6 265:24; 271:20; 277:22; questioning [1] - 176:24 rather [7] - 41:20; 47:22; protected [3] - 24:9; 217:14 278:23 questions [49] - 11:19; 26:2; 57:5; 67:11; 143:6; 170:13; protection [2] - 181:3, 11 provincially [6] - 76:4; 78:23; 28:17; 44:21; 62:8, 24; 203:14 protective [4] - 134:17; 87:16; 176:14; 192:2 63:2, 17-18; 65:24; 79:3; ratio [1] - 40:3 245:16; 247:5, 16 provincially-collected [1] - 86:19; 87:5, 8; 99:11, 20; RCMP [3] - 40:25; 271:1 protocol [1] - 244:10 176:14 104:1, 7-8, 13; 105:20; RCR [3] - 2:15; 285:3, 19 protocols [1] - 119:11 provision [1] - 269:11 108:1; 118:8, 15; 123:21; re [2] - 198:9; 218:22 prove [2] - 126:17; 283:3 provisions [1] - 20:9 125:6; 153:15; 156:8; re-create [1] - 198:9 proven [1] - 254:18 proximity [1] - 98:25 174:8, 13; 181:10; 184:1; re-open [1] - 218:22 Proverbs [4] - 3:8; 4:5; 7:20; public [22] - 23:13; 28:7, 10, 189:8; 195:2; 196:18; Reach [1] - 134:15 129:13 13; 29:14, 21-22; 30:6; 214:10; 220:16; 223:18; reach [3] - 225:1; 276:25; provide [45] - 6:5; 10:4; 11:2, 42:6; 44:9; 66:11; 81:8; 231:1; 243:25; 251:10, 21; 278:13 5; 13:15; 20:18; 22:15, 23; 101:18; 130:25; 137:2; 262:1; 281:6 reaching [3] - 176:9; 190:6; 25:3; 45:13; 50:3; 60:12; 140:5; 151:6, 24; 153:11; quick [8] - 29:3; 37:3; 56:10; 192:7 84:17, 21; 89:8; 103:11; 176:17, 19; 194:2 66:9; 118:14; 165:14; react [1] - 140:11 129:6; 140:3; 144:5; 152:8; publically [1] - 164:20 169:13; 237:19 reaction [2] - 140:18; 264:11 155:3; 178:21; 183:15; publicly [1] - 176:22 quickly [6] - 37:14; 65:22; reactive [1] - 164:16 184:22; 198:11; 199:23; published [1] - 186:20 94:11; 150:1; 186:18; read [6] - 80:12; 198:10; 200:1; 234:22; 235:15; publishes [1] - 23:21 275:20 204:23; 210:9, 12; 216:17 237:18; 241:4; 242:3; pudding [1] - 141:9 quite [19] - 44:2; 49:12; 67:9; reading [2] - 180:5; 204:22 243:20, 23; 244:25; pull [3] - 14:18; 157:3; 239:2 95:4; 106:20; 110:2; ready [6] - 87:21; 136:4; 247:10, 16; 248:18; pull-outs [1] - 157:3 111:24; 114:12; 116:17; 142:11; 144:19; 151:11; 256:12; 264:12; 268:2, 23; pulp [4] - 212:13; 213:2; 120:3; 122:12; 124:8, 17; 265:5 271:7; 272:3; 282:1 215:18; 222:14 127:10; 156:24; 178:11; real [9] - 35:20; 54:20; Provide [4] - 6:8, 11; 115:3; purple [2] - 70:5; 227:5 243:17, 19; 284:18 122:20; 146:22; 150:14; 183:19 purpose [4] - 23:8; 149:18; quotation [1] - 120:15 205:15, 19; 241:13; 242:6 provided [24] - 11:2; 45:9; 233:18; 284:10 quote [1] - 267:5 real-world [1] - 242:6 54:12; 55:8; 64:17; 69:22; purposes [3] - 19:18; 66:8; realistic [1] - 241:11 89:19; 95:23; 134:4; 137:11 R reality [1] - 79:25 141:13; 142:5; 154:15; pursue [1] - 16:15 realize [2] - 42:5; 55:20 165:5; 235:25; 239:12; pushed [1] - 222:18 realized [2] - 156:19; 227:19 R-i-c-k [1] - 238:6 250:3; 256:9; 257:11; put [18] - 38:24; 53:18; 63:17; really [52] - 30:9; 32:3, 6; radar [3] - 87:18; 204:9; 259:5; 262:19, 21; 265:21; 78:11; 79:3; 80:8; 87:25; 218:18 33:14, 16, 23-24; 35:9; 276:2; 280:16 94:23; 148:21; 209:14; 41:6; 42:11; 48:9, 17, 20, rain [1] - 220:15 providers [3] - 11:7; 34:11; 211:15; 213:5, 25; 216:16; 22; 49:25; 51:2; 54:12, 14, rainbow [2] - 252:11; 255:17 46:13 222:14, 17; 223:15; 241:17 19-20; 55:2, 11; 57:20; Rainbow [1] - 222:4 provides [13] - 23:22; 162:3; putting [4] - 57:15; 79:14; 65:17; 68:18; 70:7, 22, 24; raise [3] - 14:10; 49:12; 94:8 164:7; 168:24; 245:13, 15, 188:1; 212:17 71:2; 76:22; 78:18; 79:24; raised [20] - 11:24; 17:4; 18; 255:18, 24; 268:5; puzzled [1] - 274:6 85:8; 87:18; 93:4; 100:9; 19:21; 58:17; 62:8; 105:4; 274:17; 276:14; 282:24 PVA [1] - 139:25 105:1; 112:7; 120:12; 121:8, 20; 135:9; 140:1; providing [8] - 10:24; 71:24; 122:13; 124:22; 128:8; 205:23; 235:24; 252:3; 127:25; 128:1; 235:6; 155:15, 20; 158:1; 167:24; Q 254:10, 23; 256:24; 269:6; 271:13; 281:21 184:4; 199:10; 203:3; 263:21; 266:10; 275:17; province [4] - 35:15; 93:17; 210:20; 238:9; 280:16 Q2 [1] - 256:17 280:14 95:15; 122:22 Realtime [2] - 285:4, 20 Q3 [7] - 239:4; 240:5, 8; rallying [1] - 114:7 Province [35] - 24:5; 62:6; REALTIME [1] - 2:13 257:2, 9, 17; 259:9 ramp [2] - 219:4; 221:12 65:16; 66:24; 67:8; 73:8; reared [1] - 199:21 qualified [2] - 52:15; 133:8 rampant [1] - 179:3 76:2; 80:24; 94:13; 95:19, reason [6] - 10:22; 59:7; ran [1] - 201:1 25; 99:5; 102:3; 115:18; qualitative [1] - 170:14 80:10; 227:17; 246:25; RANDAL [7] - 87:7; 88:14; 122:17; 124:11; 132:17; quality [16] - 6:3; 8:5, 10, 21; 283:20 9:12; 70:15; 135:4; 167:22; 89:3, 11, 16, 19, 21 158:18; 159:8; 160:1; reasonable [4] - 16:13; 23:1; range [5] - 184:13; 249:15; 161:21; 181:23; 192:6; 185:12; 227:1; 235:16; 89:4; 141:17 247:11; 270:18; 276:13 254:5; 255:16; 259:15 195:16; 198:23; 199:22; reasonably [9] - 14:15; ranges [4] - 182:22; 183:6, 200:5; 212:3, 23; 222:24; quantitative [1] - 170:11 17:22; 19:22; 20:2, 16; 10; 186:6 253:19; 254:16; 265:12; quantity [6] - 8:19; 19:1; 21:4; 154:17; 162:17; ranking [1] - 69:7 283:11 169:19; 171:18; 247:11 185:19 quantum [1] - 68:13 rapid [1] - 255:12 Province's [1] - 24:5 reasons [4] - 91:23; 207:23; rare [2] - 53:14; 60:6 provinces [1] - 59:5 quarter [1] - 207:14 246:21; 268:1 quarters [4] - 207:10; rate [8] - 28:25; 30:2, 25; Provinces [1] - 285:4 recapture [1] - 244:4 223:22; 225:9 37:18; 39:15; 40:17; 51:21; provincial [17] - 23:21; 25:8; received [3] - 53:10; 121:11;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 30
179:18 7; 257:16, 22-23; 258:19, 131:13; 132:10, 12; remains [1] - 248:9 receiving [2] - 39:6; 249:7 24 152:24; 178:14, 21; 180:7; remark [1] - 273:5 recent [9] - 10:10; 23:25; recycle [1] - 220:1 190:24; 191:21; 192:3; remarks [8] - 3:4, 12; 7:10; 54:25; 106:9; 109:19; red [6] - 39:5; 72:6; 167:22; 202:19; 220:23; 222:7; 9:16, 18, 20; 13:17; 262:13 133:7, 24; 154:20 216:15; 226:16; 229:1 279:2; 281:8; 282:25; remember [3] - 106:4; recently [6] - 13:8; 21:11; reduce [9] - 147:14; 165:9; 283:6, 9, 11 140:12; 207:5 49:14; 106:7; 172:21; 218:19; 244:8; 245:23; Regional [2] - 273:11; 276:1 remind [2] - 53:17; 127:6 219:12 246:10, 23; 247:2, 4 regions [12] - 37:23; 40:24; reminder [1] - 64:7 receptors [2] - 9:8; 264:20 reduced [1] - 237:10 71:22; 72:1, 10-11; 73:8; remote [2] - 22:18; 230:17 reclamation [1] - 275:25 reducing [1] - 206:19 77:10; 94:15; 95:18; 102:4 remotely [1] - 15:1 recognition [2] - 57:22; reduction [1] - 108:23 register [1] - 82:14 RENATA [1] - 183:3 149:7 refer [2] - 141:3; 217:13 registered [3] - 132:16; renowned [1] - 100:17 recognize [5] - 14:6; 28:16; reference [20] - 47:13; 83:25; 231:21; 232:6 rental [2] - 269:9, 14 105:15; 238:24; 277:3 88:18; 89:10, 23; 98:18, Registry [4] - 113:15; 193:4; repealed [1] - 272:18 recognized [3] - 28:14; 24; 144:12; 145:13; 230:14; 232:16 repeat [4] - 54:11; 139:5; 29:22; 97:9 151:15; 157:22; 185:10; regular [5] - 190:13; 243:10; 182:13; 198:19 recognizing [4] - 98:12; 199:7; 201:7, 11; 209:17; 245:23; 246:9; 277:12 repeatedly [3] - 17:4; 19:6; 117:3; 124:12; 196:25 210:13; 242:5, 14; 250:14 regulation [4] - 105:3; 20:20 recollection [1] - 118:4 referenced [2] - 71:9; 201:10 109:21; 111:9; 274:10 replaced [1] - 149:15 recommend [4] - 22:19; referrals [3] - 53:10; 54:6; regulations [5] - 41:12; replacement [2] - 77:24; 213:17, 19; 259:8 165:2 111:11, 22; 112:12; 237:7 276:6 recommendation [6] - 25:8, referred [4] - 53:11; 193:3; regulators [1] - 212:24 replica [1] - 282:4 10; 196:24; 197:6; 243:21; 252:15 regulatory [6] - 25:18; 32:13; report [19] - 8:11; 12:4; 13:1; 271:5 referring [3] - 27:9; 174:21; 132:19; 173:11; 273:3; 21:11, 16; 27:13; 75:11, recommendations [19] - 274:24 278:18 14, 16; 125:23; 133:8; 10:15; 22:16; 25:15; 56:14; refinery [1] - 212:12 rehab [1] - 60:20 143:11; 165:24; 186:23; 123:15; 166:1; 171:11; reflect [4] - 39:8; 201:20; rehabilitation [1] - 50:24 206:21; 236:12; 241:25; 233:17, 20; 236:12, 16; 202:1; 262:15 relate [2] - 48:3; 236:1 250:20; 264:16 241:9; 247:7; 250:2, 17; reflected [2] - 73:9; 194:19 related [10] - 81:5; 129:7; reported [2] - 206:20; 258:21 251:7; 253:6; 261:1, 17 reflection [1] - 262:6 134:12; 143:22; 154:1; Reporter [2] - 285:4, 20 recommended [8] - 121:18; reflections [1] - 262:6 183:5; 186:5; 262:23; REPORTER'S [1] - 285:1 123:10; 193:17; 216:15; reflective [1] - 79:15 266:9; 282:1 REPORTING [1] - 2:13 239:3; 272:6, 23 reflects [2] - 39:21; 43:11 relates [1] - 186:1 reporting [2] - 11:25; 144:17 recommends [2] - 18:11; reframe [1] - 187:19 relating [1] - 235:24 Reporting [1] - 2:14 24:16 regard [3] - 141:4; 142:16; relation [7] - 232:1; 233:16; reports [6] - 40:25; 202:19; reconciliation [1] - 178:6 212:22 236:17; 243:17; 245:1; 224:1; 273:13; 277:20, 25 reconfirm [2] - 9:3, 8 regarding [7] - 105:23; 275:17 represent [5] - 75:23; 91:1; reconstructed [1] - 103:18 113:11; 195:3; 239:14; Relations [1] - 13:4 130:24; 147:24; 277:15 reconvene [3] - 104:3; 256:19; 279:1; 283:14 relations [3] - 12:12; 178:6; representation [1] - 155:24 128:15; 202:12 regardless [3] - 25:9; 105:9; 191:16 Representative [1] - 2:19 reconvened [1] - 128:19 119:13 relationship [1] - 180:19 representative [2] - 21:10; record [7] - 38:8, 11; 40:23; regards [5] - 92:14; 115:13; relationships [9] - 12:9; 97:25 60:17; 192:18; 251:9; 118:9; 120:7; 123:7 13:13; 22:6, 13; 190:1, 16; representatives [6] - 10:3; 257:20 regime [2] - 127:21; 278:18 191:13; 240:24; 241:11 21:14; 25:21; 64:9; 257:3; recording [1] - 141:20 Region [1] - 75:14 Relationships [1] - 21:12 281:4 records [2] - 36:24; 223:24 region [53] - 14:16, 25; relative [6] - 170:4; 246:24; representing [2] - 125:5; recreate [1] - 197:3 15:16; 16:18; 17:7, 20; 247:17; 258:1, 21 211:8 recreation [11] - 65:12; 18:9; 19:3, 24; 21:1, 5; relatives [2] - 73:6; 101:20 represents [2] - 76:14; 66:11; 74:4; 81:8; 82:1; 22:22; 23:10; 24:8; 25:3, released [1] - 21:11 103:14 88:17; 90:13; 101:18; 12; 30:8; 31:10, 13; 33:8; relevance [2] - 68:22; 145:7 reps [1] - 28:18 137:5; 138:13; 149:14 35:18; 37:19; 58:3; 59:9; relevant [3] - 45:8; 197:23; reputation [4] - 93:17; 94:12; recreation-based [1] - 72:8, 13; 73:15; 80:20; 233:9 146:24; 222:22 138:13 95:13, 23; 101:4; 105:5, 9; reliability [1] - 202:21 request [16] - 23:6; 25:7; recreational [5] - 74:17; 122:13; 132:15; 137:24; reliable [2] - 208:4; 222:8 29:18; 159:25; 184:9; 98:17, 23; 281:13, 15 138:6; 139:16; 151:1; reliance [1] - 279:4 234:10, 18; 235:14; 236:8; recruit [2] - 38:14; 258:10 154:22; 156:22; 159:21; relied [2] - 187:3; 264:2 244:12; 252:20; 272:3; recruiting [1] - 46:22 160:2; 161:22; 177:4; relocation [2] - 254:11, 14 273:18, 24; 278:5 recruitment [14] - 18:4; 179:17, 20; 204:14; rely [3] - 84:12; 222:7 requested [12] - 117:24; 38:13; 52:15; 59:15; 239:9, 271:15; 281:17; 282:8 remain [3] - 208:12; 268:11; 190:24; 199:8, 22; 200:1; 21; 240:3, 16, 19, 21; regional [36] - 15:5; 19:10, 278:10 205:14; 234:17, 22; 264:9; 241:12; 242:11; 258:14; 20; 20:23; 21:7, 14, 23, 25; remaining [3] - 65:24; 269:18; 271:23; 280:21 259:17 22:19; 24:24; 73:14, 19; 143:20; 278:12 requesting [1] - 191:5 recruits [8] - 239:25; 240:3, 90:24; 101:2; 103:20;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 31
requests [2] - 196:8; 273:20 12, 14; 244:21; 267:3; 35:15; 65:2; 66:13; 75:8, 246:17, 22 require [5] - 115:19; 123:11; 271:1, 3, 15; 275:21, 24 23; 85:24; 94:8; 268:7, 17 river-based [2] - 81:5, 22 193:6; 208:1; 275:15 Resources [8] - 3:17, 22; reverse [1] - 203:3 river-use [1] - 81:7 required [16] - 19:1; 25:13; 4:2; 61:13, 17; 62:1; 63:13; REVIEW [3] - 1:1; 2:1 riverine [1] - 245:22 120:1; 136:17; 151:16, 22; 281:5 review [16] - 11:14; 138:4; rivers [1] - 108:8 163:7; 203:15; 217:25; respect [26] - 32:21; 42:10; 153:20; 167:1; 196:8, 12, Road [4] - 1:23; 130:3; 234:3; 239:18; 240:12; 85:1; 111:8; 114:16; 19; 232:18, 21; 233:18; 148:14; 149:3 243:22; 269:11; 274:12; 135:17; 149:14; 154:22; 251:9; 276:9; 277:9, 12, road [11] - 15:23; 16:4, 7; 277:7 182:16; 186:12; 194:3, 25; 20, 23 32:24; 33:9; 43:6, 9; 92:8; requirement [2] - 173:11; 198:12; 199:12; 203:4, 9; Review [4] - 89:7; 230:6; 138:12; 253:16; 270:3 247:20 205:6; 252:4; 254:2; 252:20; 278:15 roads [5] - 126:2; 129:1; requirements [3] - 142:24; 256:15; 268:19; 269:17; reviewed [5] - 199:9; 257:2, 184:20; 185:5; 276:6 173:17; 263:4 271:1; 275:14; 282:13 6; 259:14; 283:25 Robinson [2] - 3:10; 7:24 requires [1] - 136:25 respective [1] - 276:19 Reynier [4] - 3:8; 4:6; 7:21; robust [3] - 181:23; 239:2; requiring [2] - 22:7; 165:3 respects [1] - 248:15 129:14 259:15 rescheduled [1] - 11:10 respite [1] - 51:7 REYNIER [1] - 83:24 robustness [2] - 239:16; rescue [2] - 204:1; 220:12 respond [7] - 11:23; 97:1; rezoned [1] - 211:23 241:23 research [13] - 10:10, 15; 119:8; 168:16; 192:16; Rick [12] - 4:16, 20; 229:18; Rockies [4] - 90:23; 91:2, 4; 120:22; 121:5; 123:22; 229:9; 252:3 230:19; 231:5, 18; 237:18, 93:18 211:9; 236:23; 237:3-5; responded [3] - 194:2; 22; 238:3-5; 243:6 Rockies' [1] - 91:6 248:16; 249:22; 253:10 214:10; 259:21 RICK [4] - 231:7, 11; 237:23; Rocky [3] - 92:18; 134:14; researcher [1] - 132:10 responding [1] - 212:24 238:4 282:4 reserve [5] - 87:12; 103:3; response [12] - 26:12; 92:15; Ricker [4] - 240:20; 242:10, Rod [5] - 125:5, 16; 128:4; 156:19; 265:11; 271:25 116:7; 132:25; 193:1, 3; 13; 259:18 131:19; 137:11 reserved [1] - 208:13 233:2; 235:14; 252:19; ridiculous [1] - 220:23 role [18] - 23:17; 24:7, 14; reserves [2] - 156:20 253:1; 257:11; 259:5 right-hand [2] - 218:25; 30:6; 32:20; 71:2; 152:1; reservoir [28] - 80:11, 14-15, responses [2] - 162:1; 213:8 232:4 177:17; 180:3; 181:11, 21; 17; 92:24; 99:17; 127:8, responsibilities [3] - 29:14; rightly [1] - 101:15 182:3; 256:7; 278:22; 20; 210:17; 233:23; 243:9; 273:19, 25 Rights [5] - 187:17, 23; 280:5; 281:24 245:20; 246:11, 18, 20, 23; responsibility [4] - 163:14, 188:2, 8, 10 roles [4] - 25:4; 29:13; 65:8; 248:23; 253:4; 254:24; 17; 177:2; 206:14 rights [2] - 97:10, 19 276:19 255:5, 14, 20; 256:2, 8, 12, responsible [7] - 64:11; rigorous [2] - 143:3; 249:20 rolling [2] - 225:23; 251:18 20; 263:24; 264:5 148:24; 152:2; 270:23; rigs [1] - 149:10 room [5] - 47:20; 155:8; Reservoir [2] - 20:17; 158:20 271:8; 276:21; 282:18 riparian [23] - 169:4; 175:13; 222:23; 250:9, 13 reservoirs [1] - 264:7 rest [9] - 38:6; 39:17, 25; 233:13; 244:16, 20; 245:2, roots [2] - 47:6; 142:7 reside [1] - 253:12 40:9; 43:14, 24; 122:21; 11; 246:11, 16; 247:11, 14; rough [1] - 16:4 residences [1] - 223:14 125:11; 210:22 254:24; 255:5, 10, 18, 24; rounded [1] - 51:2 residency [2] - 134:5; 135:1 resting [1] - 135:1 256:5, 7, 9, 11 rounding [1] - 26:24 resident [4] - 113:3; 131:7, restoration [3] - 114:4, 13, rise [2] - 52:7; 54:4 route [1] - 31:15 16 17 rises [1] - 109:9 routes [1] - 86:25 residents [4] - 38:2; 113:5; restricted [5] - 112:20; risk [18] - 163:2, 23; 165:7, RPR [3] - 2:15; 285:3, 19 148:9; 154:18 116:24; 141:24; 142:1, 9 22; 166:10; 170:25; 171:2, rule [2] - 209:3; 214:8 residual [5] - 20:21; 111:6; result [9] - 16:25; 144:4; 5, 10; 172:23; 173:8; rules [3] - 136:20; 208:8; 151:10; 194:9; 254:8 145:9; 148:10; 193:23; 176:21; 181:5; 205:6; 212:25 resiliency [1] - 131:5 240:13; 243:14; 275:3 241:4; 242:19; 259:23 run [3] - 155:15; 167:7; resolution [2] - 103:16; resulting [2] - 147:19; 280:2 risk-based [2] - 241:4; 226:20 278:6 results [15] - 6:12; 10:14; 242:19 running [3] - 31:12; 122:18; resolve [1] - 278:11 26:14; 150:14; 169:14; risks [2] - 30:1; 162:1 228:6 resonate [1] - 66:19 183:14, 20; 239:16, 19; River [30] - 14:25; 81:4; runoff [1] - 220:3 resorts [2] - 65:14; 99:5 242:20; 243:1; 255:15; 107:2; 122:19; 127:17; runs [1] - 64:19 258:21; 283:24 Resource [11] - 4:12; 6:7; 132:2; 134:1; 145:8, 15; runway [14] - 206:25; 207:3, 62:20; 65:7; 84:23; 103:10; retail [2] - 67:22; 68:7 150:9, 21; 184:3; 193:21; 21; 209:8; 219:5, 8; 159:22; 160:12; 177:25; retain [1] - 171:22 204:19; 222:5; 233:25; 222:15; 223:1, 4, 9; 257:4; 282:22 retention [2] - 52:15; 173:17 234:1; 237:14; 245:20; 227:13, 17, 20 resource [21] - 6:9; 32:8; retirement [2] - 131:6; 248:23; 249:18; 253:3; runways [1] - 208:23 37:4; 62:19; 65:9; 82:6; 149:19 257:25; 261:8; 265:10, 17; rural [2] - 17:13; 59:10 105:6; 115:4; 139:2, 6; retrained [2] - 204:1, 4 273:11; 276:1; 284:8 rush [4] - 31:25; 32:2; 148:22 156:22; 162:5, 24; 163:3, retroactively [1] - 143:14 river [28] - 80:13, 17, 25; Russia [1] - 211:13 24; 164:8, 10; 166:4; return [1] - 133:14 81:5, 7, 22; 83:22; 88:23, RV [5] - 73:22; 78:25; 96:5; 174:25; 179:6; 265:13 revealed [1] - 143:5 25; 89:9, 15; 92:8; 99:16; 147:19; 281:14 107:5, 22; 108:5, 9, 20; resources [19] - 11:2; 49:3; Revelstoke [4] - 77:7, 9; RVers [1] - 78:12 127:10; 134:14; 143:17; 89:2; 94:14, 23; 95:2; 80:11; 81:17 RWDI [1] - 9:2 102:16; 138:10; 139:3, 7, revenue [11] - 29:1; 30:5; 147:20; 210:18; 233:23;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 32
S School [1] - 132:2 31:13, 20; 36:16; 41:4; 24; 18:1, 17; 19:7; 22:19; schools [5] - 8:14; 27:5; 52:6; 53:6; 54:3; 59:4; 24:13, 20; 31:12; 44:9-11; 44:8; 203:25 70:1; 73:19; 75:3; 76:22; 46:19; 50:8, 22; 51:7; sad [1] - 59:16 Science [4] - 231:23, 25; 82:5; 83:5, 14; 91:6; 54:19; 55:1; 56:4, 6, 19; safe [6] - 69:16; 85:4; 232:9, 11 111:21; 119:14; 124:3; 57:12; 59:9; 67:21, 23; 111:11; 203:16; 281:21 science [1] - 123:14 126:8; 128:6; 153:17; 68:5; 149:9; 150:5; 203:18; safer [1] - 228:9 science-based [1] - 123:14 172:9; 178:10; 179:15; 209:19; 265:1; 266:7; safety [4] - 13:3; 43:13; scientific [1] - 242:3 180:10; 187:15; 188:21; 267:16; 279:2, 8 270:3; 271:8 scientifically [1] - 259:2 191:25; 197:22; 205:23; Services [3] - 2:14, 19; 10:23 sailed [1] - 204:18 scientist [1] - 55:15 212:14; 217:7, 11, 17; servicing [1] - 87:3 sailors [1] - 204:17 scientists [2] - 211:7, 13 218:22; 223:1, 25; 224:2, serving [2] - 51:12; 132:3 sake [2] - 181:18; 250:21 scoot [1] - 221:10 12; 225:12, 14; 226:2, 6; Session [2] - 1:12; 7:4 227:13; 228:21; 229:1; salaries [1] - 98:21 scope [3] - 20:12; 138:17; session [7] - 11:11; 20:1; sales [1] - 39:24 152:13 231:4, 17; 232:4; 233:2; 142:14; 157:25; 201:2; 236:15; 248:6; 250:1; salvage [1] - 254:7 scoped [1] - 263:3 283:16; 284:9 251:6; 261:20; 274:24; salvaging [1] - 243:23 Scott [1] - 1:23 sessions [4] - 141:16, 24; 275:1; 282:11; 284:12 Sander [2] - 4:6; 129:15 screen [4] - 211:18, 20; 142:4; 197:19 SANDER [6] - 196:2; 198:6, 231:17; 232:4 seeing [5] - 57:13; 157:22; set [21] - 48:9; 65:23; 93:12; 214:17; 219:3; 226:11 18, 25; 201:9; 202:1 se [1] - 58:9 102:22; 103:19; 128:24; seek [3] - 23:3; 141:1; 277:19 Sanders [1] - 201:6 sea [1] - 133:20 146:14; 154:3; 162:11, 14; seeking [1] - 87:19 Sandra [1] - 152:19 seamless [1] - 161:17 166:13, 15; 168:23; seem [2] - 78:3; 260:18 sands [1] - 195:6 seams [1] - 49:17 180:13; 182:1; 258:20; segway [2] - 100:23; 157:18 274:17; 275:12; 277:5; sat [3] - 54:19; 141:10; search [1] - 220:12 seismic [1] - 184:20 278:2; 285:8 192:13 season [2] - 16:8; 113:10 selected [4] - 13:10; 162:15; set-up [1] - 93:12 satisfaction [1] - 134:24 seasonality [2] - 72:22; 165:6 satisfied [2] - 142:13 171:9 setback [2] - 211:25; 212:4 selecting [1] - 242:6 sets [1] - 64:18 Saulteau [53] - 4:14, 18-19, seasoned [1] - 205:20 selection [1] - 168:6 setting [3] - 64:13; 179:7; 21-22; 5:1, 3; 11:9, 14, 20; seasons [1] - 127:23 selectivity [1] - 244:8 229:6 190:19; 193:3, 15; 229:4, second [16] - 19:15; 30:12; 16, 22, 25; 230:3; 231:14; 66:14; 69:24; 88:15; 116:4; self [2] - 13:10; 274:5 settings [1] - 225:15 232:24; 233:6; 235:13; 120:5; 157:17; 182:12, 15; self-identified [1] - 13:10 settle [1] - 260:10 236:8, 16, 18; 237:2, 13; 201:5; 218:3; 247:1; self-monitoring [1] - 274:5 seven [6] - 48:9; 51:11; 238:3; 243:4; 245:4; 248:3; 273:16; 274:1, 20 senior [3] - 24:3; 231:20; 52:10; 63:18; 219:13; 283:25 283:20 251:2, 12, 19; 252:10; secondary [5] - 218:18; 253:5, 23, 25; 254:23; 241:4; 242:19; 256:3; sensible [1] - 271:10 several [16] - 9:5; 56:21; 256:24; 257:15; 259:8, 25; 259:23 sensitive [3] - 240:21; 90:9; 103:3; 104:25; 109:4; 260:21; 261:2, 19, 21; secondly [2] - 14:13; 24:15 258:23; 264:20 114:4; 125:3; 130:1, 17; 264:3; 265:20, 25; 266:2 133:17; 158:15; 190:14; seconds [2] - 207:10, 15 sensitivity [7] - 239:18; Saulteau's [3] - 254:2; 241:19, 21; 249:2, 6; 239:7; 258:4; 281:25 secret [2] - 141:25; 149:10 256:16; 264:6 259:8, 10 severe [1] - 16:12 SECRETARIAT [1] - 2:5 saw [10] - 126:3, 7-8, 10; sent [1] - 59:23 severity [1] - 151:7 Secretariat [4] - 113:19, 23; 158:19; 223:11 [2] 230:13; 251:17 sentiment [2] - 136:11; shade - 247:16; 255:12 sawmills [1] - 215:18 139:21 shading [2] - 245:18; 247:5 Secretary [1] - 64:17 scale [4] - 103:15; 163:19; sentiments [1] - 148:1 shadow [8] - 135:25; 146:18, Section [10] - 29:15; 88:16; 184:16; 283:1 234:4; 244:17; 254:3; separate [3] - 67:1; 141:16; 21; 147:22; 150:2, 13-14; scales [1] - 116:15 255:2; 264:19; 272:10, 17; 283:1 152:20 scaling [2] - 258:19; 269:11 274:15 separation [1] - 218:19 shall [3] - 206:20; 208:3 scanning [2] - 119:2, 15 [4] shallow [1] - 255:21 section [4] - 91:25; 92:19; September - 72:22; scarce [6] - 139:4, 8-10; 132:14; 274:17 198:24; 201:11, 16 shallows [1] - 255:22 236:7; 243:17 sections [5] - 266:9; 274:21, sequence [1] - 225:12 shape [3] - 216:1; 258:9 scarcity [1] - 139:6 24-25; 275:1 series [2] - 88:20; 266:11 share [3] - 35:19; 101:4; scenario [1] - 197:3 sector [12] - 11:3; 23:13; serious [2] - 39:18; 204:24 168:14 scenic [1] - 92:3 162:5; 163:19; 164:10-12; seriousness [1] - 20:6 shared [5] - 22:12; 25:4; scenics [1] - 77:23 166:4; 179:6; 202:22; serve [3] - 48:24; 132:1, 5 139:21; 173:25; 282:7 scepticism [1] - 140:15 227:5 served [2] - 51:13, 19 sharing [1] - 130:18 schedules [1] - 16:9 sector-specific [1] - 162:6 serves [1] - 245:16 sheep [2] - 110:4; 158:20 scheduling [1] - 277:14 sectors [12] - 64:14; 65:10; Service [1] - 113:7 shelf [4] - 136:4; 142:11; schematic [2] - 165:14 68:1, 17; 94:19; 162:24; service [13] - 10:19; 11:6; 144:19; 151:11 scheme [1] - 274:10 163:3, 24; 173:17; 280:1, 3 12:5, 8; 15:18; 50:3; 55:25; shelf-ready [4] - 136:4; schemes [1] - 272:21 secure [1] - 17:23 56:7; 60:13, 15, 19; 79:16; 142:11; 144:19; 151:11 school [10] - 23:1; 36:17, 19; security [2] - 150:22; 271:8 267:9 shift [3] - 164:11, 19; 268:24 44:4, 8, 11; 122:8; 132:1; see [64] - 9:4; 28:19; 30:20; services [43] - 10:4, 6, 8; shifts [1] - 164:9 203:18 14:12; 15:5, 7-8; 17:8, 19, shine [1] - 220:15
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 33
shirt [1] - 231:18 single [8] - 36:6; 37:12; 160:5, 15, 21; 162:2; solutions [3] - 22:9; 45:18; shocking [1] - 42:21 158:5; 164:1, 11; 257:1, 164:6; 165:13; 167:5; 277:20 shore [2] - 108:12; 127:19 24; 268:10 168:24; 169:12; 174:21; solve [1] - 105:11 shoreline [4] - 246:13, 19, single-development [1] - 213:16; 231:4; 232:17; someone [2] - 31:19; 113:4 23; 247:1 164:1 233:2, 10, 22; 236:15; sometimes [6] - 33:18; short [6] - 48:7; 54:21; 56:16; single-sector [1] - 164:11 241:8; 243:7, 20; 244:15; 34:13; 35:3; 37:4; 66:17; 98:12; 107:20; 138:25 SIOBHAN [5] - 44:24; 89:5, 247:6; 248:6; 250:1 67:15 short-term [2] - 98:12; 23; 119:7; 154:13 Slide [1] - 237:17 somewhat [6] - 61:4; 112:4; 138:25 Siobhan [4] - 3:7; 4:4; 7:18; slides [6] - 43:22; 44:18; 145:23; 146:9, 25; 273:4 shortcomings [1] - 152:10 129:11 65:22; 96:20; 238:7; somewhere [2] - 119:8; shorter [1] - 60:4 sit [6] - 25:20; 33:12; 39:10; 250:17 215:11 shorthand [1] - 285:8 54:14; 56:6; 118:3 slightly [1] - 161:3 soon [4] - 200:6, 12; 218:16; shortly [1] - 159:13 SITE [1] - 1:2 slopes [1] - 126:15 224:17 shot [1] - 186:18 Site [52] - 14:14; 15:4, 13; sloughing [1] - 127:13 SOP [1] - 207:25 show [13] - 32:24; 35:23; 16:17, 20, 25; 17:5, 11, 21; slow [5] - 53:21; 64:3; 161:6; sophisticated [1] - 69:14 44:18; 49:23; 51:8; 97:5; 20:13; 23:7; 24:10, 22; 246:1; 273:20 sorry [22] - 45:7; 56:13; 82:2; 186:15; 213:16; 224:20; 25:10; 54:21; 56:17; 57:22; slower [1] - 255:15 83:18; 98:6; 99:2; 104:5; 225:7; 226:15; 241:22; 76:22; 77:8; 83:1; 86:20; slowly [1] - 226:21 108:8; 109:25; 110:7; 284:7 98:11; 101:11; 105:10; slows [1] - 279:25 122:25; 130:5; 181:6; showed [2] - 31:23; 43:23 114:17; 123:5; 128:8; small [10] - 43:7; 49:11; 183:12; 195:25; 198:18; shown [1] - 241:22 136:4, 6, 13; 137:3, 17; 69:15; 75:5; 132:22; 171:3; 199:16; 210:10; 220:14; shows [4] - 40:2; 67:20; 138:3, 7, 14; 140:5; 216:9; 254:11; 255:11 273:22; 279:24 172:13, 15 144:18; 148:18; 150:16, small-town [1] - 69:15 sort [23] - 48:22; 51:1; 52:9, sibling [1] - 51:15 18, 23; 151:11; 153:2; smaller [3] - 43:2; 70:20; 16; 54:4, 10; 58:12; 59:14; sic [3] - 139:3; 143:9; 199:19 156:23; 159:24; 184:2; 150:6 60:2; 73:22; 74:15; 83:10; sicker [1] - 40:8 230:6; 253:4; 254:22; smart [1] - 31:17 84:6; 107:7; 112:21; 265:16; 280:23 side [23] - 30:19; 34:7; 37:25; smoke [1] - 210:21 154:20; 163:19; 165:14; 38:2; 40:5; 64:25; 70:25; site [12] - 15:2; 17:16; 78:2; snapshots [1] - 181:19 177:24; 178:9; 247:23 74:21; 77:19; 108:17; 83:25; 163:11; 164:1; snow [5] - 127:1, 4; 217:8; sought [3] - 45:2; 142:14; 158:11; 203:10; 211:11; 178:22; 241:16; 275:25; 219:1; 225:19 282:15 218:25; 222:17; 226:2; 276:3 snow-covered [1] - 217:8 soul [1] - 135:4 232:4; 233:14; 244:16; site-specific [1] - 164:1 snowboarding [1] - 71:13 sounds [2] - 89:3; 144:14 245:11, 22; 247:18 sites [9] - 78:1; 88:22, 25; snowing [1] - 217:6 source [6] - 6:8; 115:3; sighting [1] - 158:5 102:17, 24; 103:6, 17; social [20] - 10:19; 12:2, 4; 175:10, 15, 24; 255:25 sightings [1] - 121:11 184:21; 281:14 13:2; 15:8; 134:24; 135:12; sources [3] - 175:17; 256:6; sightseeing [1] - 73:5 sitting [7] - 28:7; 51:11; 53:5; 136:22, 25; 138:21; 263:22 56:11; 59:18; 191:10; sign [1] - 205:21 139:13, 16; 149:21; south [7] - 11:1; 147:11; 215:6 signed [1] - 269:19 152:23, 25; 153:3, 21; 184:6; 212:10, 16; 224:23; situated [2] - 23:10; 24:6 significance [4] - 138:17; 154:2; 155:20; 265:21 264:5 144:7; 158:7; 203:1 situation [2] - 49:20; 139:24 Social [1] - 10:23 southeastern [1] - 133:25 six [17] - 72:1; 77:4; 92:15; significant [20] - 15:24; 17:2; society [4] - 137:9, 11; southwest [2] - 218:9; 18:1; 20:25; 28:15; 30:6; 94:15; 95:18; 106:15; 209:18; 282:3 225:22 36:11; 37:18; 40:21; 91:4, 206:19, 24; 207:2, 6-7, socio [13] - 7:13; 9:22; 28:12; space [4] - 49:21; 97:12; 7-8; 126:13; 131:4; 152:13; 22-23; 208:2, 6; 219:13 29:5; 33:17, 22; 36:9; 37:5, 208:15; 217:14 153:8; 216:10; 235:20; size [7] - 20:24; 150:7; 154:6, 10; 134:20; 135:6; 150:5; spaces [4] - 72:18; 97:4, 15, 283:18 16; 239:22; 242:1; 244:8 155:2 17 significantly [5] - 29:23; ski [2] - 86:8; 93:24 Socio [2] - 1:14; 7:6 spare [1] - 8:3 127:25; 138:8; 152:18; Ski [2] - 71:13; 102:9 socio-economic [5] - 7:13; spatial [3] - 17:11; 116:14; 244:11 skied [1] - 102:8 9:22; 33:22; 135:6; 155:2 194:24 silver [1] - 228:25 skiing [2] - 71:12; 98:18 Socio-Economic [2] - 1:14; spatially [1] - 167:18 similar [12] - 14:24; 17:20; skill [1] - 285:11 7:6 spawn [1] - 257:25 27:6; 133:13; 136:10; skills [4] - 18:15; 24:19; socio-economical [6] - spawner [4] - 240:1, 4; 144:20; 145:23; 195:5; 44:19; 51:6 28:12; 29:5; 33:17; 36:9; 257:16, 22 242:21; 268:8 Skills [2] - 62:13; 64:10 37:5, 10 spawners [3] - 239:10; similarly [2] - 17:18; 168:16 skins [1] - 126:25 socio-economics [1] - 240:8; 258:12 Simon [2] - 102:20; 231:25 sky [2] - 40:4, 13 134:20 spawning [2] - 240:13; simple [1] - 59:21 sleep [1] - 43:20 socio-services [1] - 150:5 258:16 simplified [1] - 258:13 slice [3] - 70:5; 73:20 sockeye [1] - 242:7 SPEAKER [1] - 130:6 simply [2] - 201:20; 258:19 sliced [1] - 76:7 soil [1] - 139:8 speaker [3] - 101:14; 128:23; SIMPSON [3] - 119:22; slices [1] - 70:20 sold [1] - 216:23 273:20 120:1; 124:4 slicing [1] - 72:11 solution [1] - 220:8 speaking [4] - 89:1; 238:5, Simpson [1] - 119:7 slide [31] - 67:13; 70:21; Solutions [1] - 2:18 18; 273:21 72:5; 73:13; 78:19; 101:17; speaks [2] - 50:19; 63:5
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 34
special [6] - 21:9; 27:25; 270:1, 19; 278:11; 280:15; statute [1] - 275:6 stream-side [5] - 233:14; 141:25; 208:17; 282:9; 282:3; 283:15 statutory [2] - 164:22; 166:2 244:16; 245:11, 22; 247:18 284:14 stabilization [1] - 256:13 stay [7] - 46:21; 47:3, 6; streamline [1] - 165:2 specialist [1] - 283:25 stable [5] - 106:1; 110:20; 55:19; 73:11; 99:25; streams [3] - 255:12, 18, 24 specialists [1] - 124:6 155:20; 172:20; 226:25 208:18 Street [1] - 130:1 specialized [2] - 10:7; 204:6 stack [2] - 214:3; 215:10 staying [3] - 66:6; 67:2; 68:4 street [1] - 149:11 species [28] - 6:12; 128:7; staff [8] - 38:25; 52:20; stays [1] - 71:12 streets [1] - 134:9 145:11; 183:4, 11, 13, 15, 53:19; 54:18; 120:17; steep [1] - 127:13 strengths [1] - 167:3 19-20; 185:14; 188:17; 178:8; 266:20; 282:15 steep-sloughing [1] - 127:13 stress [2] - 18:16; 97:6 232:24; 236:19; 237:9; staffing [1] - 52:8 Steiner [1] - 150:12 stressed [1] - 15:11 238:14; 240:17, 24; 251:3; stage [7] - 48:10; 220:2; Stenographer [1] - 273:20 stresses [1] - 10:19 252:7, 10, 12; 253:4; 235:22; 252:18; 258:16; step [3] - 213:20; 216:15; stretched [2] - 56:8; 57:12 255:7, 17; 257:1, 24 260:4 220:3 strive [1] - 248:18 specific [22] - 40:1; 45:21; Stage [1] - 118:23 steps [1] - 173:19 strong [3] - 269:2; 278:22; 78:1; 81:19; 83:1; 88:17; stagnant [1] - 227:1 sterile [1] - 147:3 282:10 99:14, 18; 133:11; 135:21; stakeholder [2] - 13:3; 21:14 STEVE [1] - 108:22 stronger [2] - 13:12; 263:11 143:2; 157:21; 159:24; stakeholders [3] - 25:22; Steve [3] - 3:10; 7:25; 108:22 strongest [1] - 226:18 162:6; 164:1; 177:3; 95:25; 105:13 stewardship [1] - 205:8 struck [2] - 47:9, 13 188:19; 199:11; 236:4, 9; stale [1] - 222:15 stick [1] - 228:20 structure [7] - 154:3; 155:11, 252:16; 254:19 stand [2] - 48:16; 106:16 sticking [1] - 227:23 18; 214:16; 256:25; 257:1; Specific [2] - 1:12; 7:4 standard [6] - 12:20; 66:1; still [16] - 44:1; 55:3; 69:8; 258:25 specifically [15] - 14:23; 67:24; 68:11; 120:3; 175:1 97:12; 104:19; 118:1; structured [2] - 140:20; 23:16; 24:2; 38:7; 52:5; standardized [1] - 40:2 172:16; 215:14; 221:20; 274:14 74:16; 83:9; 99:21; 106:12; standards [3] - 151:22; 227:7; 228:9; 248:9; structures [4] - 153:21, 23; 111:9; 159:19; 182:23; 207:11; 236:13 276:23 261:18 188:24; 238:11; 261:7 Stano [6] - 3:13; 13:23; 14:1; stimulate [2] - 35:13; 137:13 struggle [2] - 52:14; 226:13 specificity [2] - 176:7; 26:3; 47:12 stipulates [1] - 240:6 struggled [1] - 222:16 178:22 STANO [6] - 13:25; 14:2, 20, stock [5] - 240:16, 21; struggles [1] - 15:10 specifics [2] - 122:4; 151:15 22; 26:4; 96:18 242:11; 258:9; 259:17 students [1] - 148:22 specified [2] - 212:4; 277:21 Staples [1] - 259:25 stock-recruitment [2] - studies [7] - 33:20; 119:5; specify [1] - 274:23 start [13] - 47:4; 76:18; 240:16; 242:11 144:20; 151:8; 177:13; spectacular [1] - 72:15 90:19; 95:12, 15; 101:7; stone [1] - 158:19 201:19; 242:6 speculate [1] - 93:9 104:23; 148:19; 184:21; stop [4] - 33:9; 122:8; study [33] - 6:9, 13; 19:19; speech [2] - 8:4; 59:22 200:16; 210:6; 224:12; 136:10; 228:5 115:4; 118:19; 121:19, 24; speed [1] - 64:5 246:6 stop-the-hearing/start-the- 122:3; 123:3, 10-11, 13, speed) [1] - 273:21 started [11] - 51:10; 64:23; dam [1] - 136:10 24; 124:2; 160:22; 170:2; speeded [1] - 90:4 82:17; 86:11; 105:24; stopped [2] - 201:20; 202:4 174:21; 175:1, 4; 177:19; spelled [1] - 245:8 145:20; 185:7; 193:1; stops [2] - 87:2; 208:9 180:9; 183:21; 184:2, 7; spelling [1] - 238:5 203:22; 262:18 store [1] - 113:8 187:13; 189:19; 200:4, 16; spend [4] - 46:22; 51:23; starting [5] - 49:16, 20; storing [1] - 176:6 201:19; 211:7; 218:14; 61:5; 157:9 86:10; 116:20; 167:9 story [5] - 33:1, 6, 10; 39:7; 264:19 spending [1] - 70:12 state [5] - 41:1; 56:23; 106:18 Study [1] - 75:13 spent [2] - 67:11; 223:3 147:23; 211:4; 234:4 straight [3] - 65:11; 207:17; stuff [5] - 91:9; 126:3; 128:2; spill [1] - 38:23 statement [3] - 107:7; 224:5 214:4; 260:9 spiritual [1] - 97:20 123:25; 277:22 straight-line [1] - 65:11 style [2] - 135:22; 140:10 spoken [1] - 205:17 Statement [3] - 193:19; strand [1] - 212:8 stymied [1] - 137:17 sport [1] - 113:8 230:7; 246:15 stranding [9] - 233:13; subcomponent [1] - 132:14 spray [3] - 219:18, 23 statements [2] - 19:12; 136:3 243:8, 15, 19, 25; 244:13; subheading [1] - 244:18 spring [2] - 122:7; 215:16 States [1] - 31:23 254:3, 9 subject [5] - 112:11; 251:21; spruce [1] - 133:21 states [3] - 66:15; 267:2; strategic [12] - 13:9; 23:18; 260:10; 273:2; 276:24 square [1] - 49:16 270:6 64:13, 15; 159:20; 166:7; submission [3] - 257:7; squashed [1] - 147:9 static [1] - 216:4 179:22; 180:6; 190:24; 273:12; 274:6 St [49] - 1:24; 3:16; 7:2; statistical [2] - 70:17; 79:19 191:21; 192:3 submissions [2] - 201:15; 10:17, 20; 11:8; 17:15; statistically [1] - 283:18 strategies [3] - 59:15; 163:1, 206:2 33:4; 38:7; 42:25; 47:24; statistician [1] - 55:15 23 submit [3] - 63:1; 151:3; 48:11, 14, 19; 49:1, 8; statistics [5] - 43:24; 58:2; strategy [7] - 71:9; 95:14; 220:9 51:21; 54:22; 55:1; 56:3; 67:1; 75:7; 129:5 103:21; 114:16; 122:14; submitted [2] - 75:12; 60:19, 23; 91:25; 93:1; stats [4] - 55:9; 58:8; 75:10 138:12; 243:18 257:19 102:24; 120:12; 129:5; Stats [4] - 30:11; 68:12; straw [1] - 153:4 submitting [1] - 133:8 130:22; 131:9, 17; 132:6; 266:25; 267:14 stream [8] - 169:23; 171:7; subscribed [1] - 285:13 134:7, 10; 136:9; 149:9; status [3] - 30:10; 137:3; 233:14; 244:16; 245:11, subsequent [1] - 22:3 150:8; 154:4; 158:10; 269:18 22; 247:18, 23 subsequently [2] - 197:22; 204:11; 260:16; 266:12;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 35
259:14 Supply [1] - 172:4 T 162:20; 165:7; 170:9, 17, substance [2] - 36:7, 25 supply [10] - 15:19; 16:14; 19; 172:19; 176:20; substantial [4] - 15:19; 22:18; 23:9; 95:7, 10; 185:22; 253:21 49:13; 91:18; 248:10 144:12; 270:16, 19; 276:18 Table [5] - 6:4; 9:13; 26:14, terms [33] - 44:18; 52:20; substantially [3] - 18:10; support [21] - 10:23, 25; 16, 18 55:9; 69:5; 75:17; 80:2; 165:11; 269:12 11:6; 17:20; 100:9; 125:13; table [2] - 8:12; 27:9 81:21; 83:4; 109:6; 110:5; substantive [1] - 137:25 136:21; 144:24; 149:20; tableaux [1] - 103:19 123:20; 124:13; 125:18; succeeding [1] - 12:9 164:18; 166:24; 171:17; tables [1] - 27:12 127:7, 23, 25; 138:21; success [3] - 12:16; 235:4; 241:5; 243:24; 253:10; tag [1] - 112:16 145:13; 147:4, 6; 151:14; 240:13 267:3; 271:11; 278:5; take-off [1] - 205:11 167:24; 171:1; 172:19; successful [5] - 91:11; 281:8, 21, 23 takeaway [1] - 74:24 186:6; 188:23; 195:22; 142:18; 146:9; 179:2; supported [2] - 24:9; 242:12 taker [1] - 178:25 196:7, 11; 197:15; 215:23; 247:2 supporting [2] - 94:15; 233:7 talent [1] - 49:23 275:5; 277:15 successfully [2] - 22:5; supportive [1] - 34:9 tall [1] - 223:15 terrain [1] - 217:8 227:24 suppose [5] - 43:3; 85:9, 17; tank [1] - 221:21 terrestrial [6] - 143:15; successive [1] - 142:6 119:17; 177:7 target [4] - 12:19; 70:10; 169:17; 171:21; 174:24; sucker [1] - 252:12 suppressing [1] - 170:22 82:24; 94:16 255:1, 25 suddenly [4] - 36:13; 111:1; surface [4] - 246:24; 255:22; targeted [2] - 96:5; 102:1 terrible [2] - 210:15; 222:11 133:20; 135:11 263:22; 270:17 tasked [1] - 120:18 territories [3] - 25:6; 97:18; suffice [1] - 142:12 surfaces [1] - 216:2 tax [2] - 47:1; 268:4 189:18 sufficient [5] - 116:14; surplus [2] - 116:14; 141:11 tax-based [1] - 268:4 Territories [2] - 14:7; 112:15 151:10; 239:13; 241:15 surprise [1] - 134:2 taxes [1] - 46:25 territory [3] - 108:25; 130:17; sufficiently [1] - 234:13 surprised [1] - 149:25 taxi [4] - 68:5; 218:22; 219:4 211:23 suggest [5] - 17:1; 61:3; surprising [2] - 275:3 taxis [1] - 68:5 Territory [2] - 115:17, 20 92:16; 225:22; 278:6 surrounded [1] - 223:13 taxiway [1] - 218:25 test [4] - 31:2, 6; 180:14; suggested [13] - 90:16; surrounding [3] - 15:9; 19:3; Taylor [7] - 147:11, 19; 218:17 112:14; 233:17; 241:9; 246:19 148:20, 23; 184:4; 212:11; tested [1] - 239:20 242:13; 256:18; 259:24; surveillance [4] - 244:3; 282:6 testify [1] - 145:10 266:6; 272:5; 273:3; 254:7, 10, 14 teaching [1] - 148:20 testimony [1] - 151:7 274:13, 20; 275:8 survey [1] - 120:3 team [7] - 45:3; 53:6; 100:21; testing [3] - 180:8; 241:19, suggesting [3] - 9:7; 242:15; surveying [1] - 244:2 132:10; 178:2; 277:17; 21 260:16 surveys [2] - 30:11; 119:24 281:3 text [2] - 27:10; 191:18 suggestion [4] - 202:7; survival [2] - 242:8; 254:6 teamed [1] - 133:1 textbook [1] - 210:20 206:15; 275:7; 280:11 SUSAN [6] - 57:8; 84:16; teams [1] - 24:3 Thailand [1] - 69:3 suggestions [3] - 57:21; 89:1; 129:2; 201:6; 262:11 Technical [1] - 2:19 thawing [1] - 127:12 135:21; 220:5 Susan [4] - 3:6; 4:4; 7:17; technical [14] - 8:10; 27:13; THE [113] - 1:1; 2:5; 7:11; suicide [1] - 40:6 129:10 151:19; 201:25; 230:5, 8:3; 9:10, 15; 13:19; 14:1, suite [10] - 6:11; 67:14; suspended [1] - 39:12 11-12, 22, 24; 233:8; 18, 21; 26:1, 5, 10; 27:18; 143:15; 179:10; 182:18; suspiciously [1] - 144:14 264:16, 19; 265:11 30:15; 42:20; 43:22; 44:21; 183:3, 11, 13, 19; 258:3 sustainability [5] - 11:25; technicians [2] - 237:4; 45:16; 47:9, 19; 48:1; 57:1, sum [3] - 26:15, 23; 153:5 13:1; 150:25; 182:8; 253:25 5; 60:9; 61:1, 3, 11; 63:6, summaries [1] - 141:21 249:18 technology [1] - 34:21 10; 64:1, 4; 79:6; 82:13; summarize [2] - 26:19; 281:6 Sustainability [1] - 182:7 TELAV [1] - 2:18 87:6; 89:14, 17, 20; 91:22; summarized [1] - 196:3 sustainable [5] - 12:7, 25; telephone [2] - 159:4; 230:19 92:11; 93:11; 96:16; summary [7] - 22:15; 25:15; 42:14; 82:6; 150:20 telephone) [4] - 4:16; 229:18 103:17, 25; 104:8; 115:8; 116:1, 11; 117:12, 18; 65:8; 250:2; 258:25; 260:7; sustained [1] - 12:21 temperature [1] - 255:16 118:7, 13; 119:6, 17, 21; 262:6 Swain [3] - 2:2; 192:10; temporal [2] - 20:12; 170:8 120:5; 122:1, 24; 123:4, summer [1] - 255:13 246:1 temporary [1] - 269:3 17; 124:24; 128:11, 21; sums [1] - 27:1 switching [1] - 51:1 ten [5] - 29:9; 154:20; 202:7; 130:9; 140:7; 153:14, 25; Sunday [1] - 125:21 syndromes [2] - 53:14; 60:6 203:7; 265:22 154:12; 155:23; 156:1, 4; Super [2] - 68:20; 72:4 synopsis [1] - 91:14 ten-minute [1] - 202:7 157:15; 158:25; 159:3; super [8] - 211:1, 3-4; 215:8, synthetic [1] - 89:15 tend [1] - 140:11 161:6; 174:7; 186:17, 20; 16; 218:15; 224:9; 226:1 system [12] - 40:6; 52:17; tended [1] - 136:9 187:1, 10, 12, 21, 25; super-cooled [8] - 211:1, 115:16, 22; 117:13; 130:4; tending [1] - 71:18 189:6; 192:9, 12, 15, 19; 3-4; 215:8, 16; 218:15; 143:18; 216:9; 218:4; tenure [9] - 6:6; 84:2, 13, 22; 199:14; 200:7, 13, 21, 24; 224:9; 226:1 270:12, 14, 16 90:13, 17, 20; 145:9 202:6, 12; 210:11; 228:4, superseding [1] - 156:20 SYSTEM [1] - 2:17 tenures [2] - 90:10, 14 11, 20, 24; 229:14; 245:25; supervisor [1] - 205:16 systematic [2] - 63:19; term [27] - 18:19, 21; 22:6; 246:4, 8; 251:23; 260:6; supplemental [1] - 256:18 241:22 23:11; 42:12; 54:21; 56:16; 261:6, 13, 24; 283:7; 284:5 supplied [2] - 15:22; 248:9 systems [7] - 171:4; 204:7, 66:25; 73:21; 90:17, 20; themselves [8] - 41:5; 82:5, suppliers [1] - 16:10 10; 241:13 98:12; 122:3; 136:1; 19; 91:11; 94:16; 95:4; supplies [1] - 15:20 138:25; 149:21; 152:5; 188:22
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 36
therapists [1] - 53:7 timelines [1] - 243:18 24; 75:9, 25; 77:3, 10, 15, translates [1] - 214:25 therapy [2] - 59:25 timely [1] - 270:9 18; 78:12; 79:11; 81:5, 10, transparency [6] - 137:1; there'd [1] - 168:9 timers [1] - 35:25 21; 82:7, 22; 83:13; 87:4; 142:2; 152:7; 248:14, 20; there'll [2] - 109:7; 111:19 timing [1] - 63:4 88:9, 12; 91:5; 92:17, 24; 268:5 thereafter [1] - 285:9 tireless [1] - 251:18 93:20, 23; 94:3, 9; 95:18, transparent [2] - 141:19; therefore [5] - 227:8; 258:13, titled [1] - 21:11 21, 24; 100:9, 12, 20, 24; 268:15 23; 272:22; 274:6 TMMP [2] - 270:2, 6 101:17; 103:7, 13, 21; Transport [10] - 204:13; thereof [1] - 16:24 TO [1] - 1:2 156:11, 17, 22; 281:5, 7, 9, 206:7; 209:19; 211:10; thesis [1] - 266:5 toad [1] - 169:10 16, 25 213:9; 216:15, 18; 228:16; they've [2] - 103:2; 106:21 today [33] - 9:24; 10:1; 11:18; Tourism [10] - 62:13; 64:10; 235:23; 284:1 thin [1] - 126:25 14:3, 8, 10, 17, 22; 15:22; 75:13; 96:3; 100:3, 15, 22; transport's [2] - 203:18; thinking [6] - 83:3; 184:19; 19:21; 25:14; 31:4; 32:2; 101:1; 103:14 217:14 195:2; 222:20; 223:7; 41:5; 48:23; 54:9; 63:1; tourism-related [1] - 81:5 transportation [4] - 67:22; 261:6 65:19; 103:12; 105:19; tourist [3] - 85:20; 86:21; 203:5; 269:24; 270:6 third [8] - 65:4; 67:5; 115:18; 113:19; 116:23; 118:10; 90:23 Transportation [1] - 129:23 182:11; 239:19; 254:23; 159:17; 160:1; 199:6, 24; Tourist [1] - 91:8 trap [12] - 97:19; 108:4, 274:3; 275:7 202:17; 257:19; 259:5; tourists [4] - 70:18; 97:24; 11-12, 16, 19, 25; 109:1; Thompson [10] - 4:13; 272:19, 25; 280:14 158:3; 281:20 115:16, 19, 23; 249:20 102:21; 161:22; 199:15, today's [3] - 13:17; 42:9; tournament [1] - 49:22 trapped [1] - 243:13 17; 200:25; 202:6, 13, 15; 143:10 tours [1] - 158:22 trappers [2] - 84:5; 108:4 228:4 together [19] - 32:20; 46:4, 8; towards [4] - 96:5; 179:9; trapping [6] - 108:6; 115:13, THOMPSON [5] - 202:16; 48:16; 50:20; 57:15; 65:17; 228:1; 266:2 19, 22 210:12; 228:9, 15, 23 68:15; 72:3; 84:14; 112:7; towed [2] - 228:25; 229:2 trauma [1] - 148:10 Thompson's [1] - 283:13 166:25; 178:10; 190:4; tower [1] - 211:20 travel [12] - 66:15, 17, 20; thorough [2] - 193:19; 191:20; 261:9; 265:9; town [3] - 58:22; 69:15; 67:1, 6; 72:25; 73:4; 79:25; 246:16 274:21 204:19 80:1; 98:16; 133:21 thoughtful [1] - 117:8 tomorrow [1] - 284:8 towns [1] - 32:25 travelled [1] - 204:13 thoughtfully [1] - 105:17 tonne [2] - 215:1, 3 toys [1] - 30:21 traveller [11] - 74:1, 6; 76:6, thousand [2] - 39:15; 130:7 Tony [2] - 120:19; 124:7 track [2] - 58:11; 87:23 12, 14-15; 79:10, 17; thousands [1] - 162:4 TONY [1] - 91:23 tracking [1] - 124:14 85:22; 86:24; 98:19 threat [1] - 216:21 took [5] - 33:10; 106:23; Tract [1] - 233:4 travellers [6] - 68:25; 69:6; threatened [2] - 148:13; 209:14; 226:7; 227:17 trade [3] - 135:2; 282:2 76:8, 11, 24; 281:15 150:2 tool [4] - 33:23; 112:1, 8; trade-offs [2] - 135:2 travelling [1] - 66:5 threats [1] - 168:15 177:12 trades [6] - 15:7; 17:9; 18:12; travels [1] - 73:22 three [39] - 39:9; 40:24; tools [3] - 33:23; 34:16; 19:11; 24:16; 279:14 treatment [1] - 202:23 51:18; 59:25; 64:9; 65:17; 114:19 traditional [5] - 25:6; 97:17, Treaty [35] - 14:6; 115:11, 66:9; 73:17; 95:2; 99:21; top [7] - 122:11; 165:18; 19; 130:17; 189:18 16-17, 19; 117:11, 18, 25; 102:12; 110:23; 122:15, 181:12; 210:18; 214:4; Traditional [1] - 14:7 118:18; 120:24; 121:7, 23; 17; 126:8; 131:3; 138:1; 222:25; 226:20 traffic [19] - 78:11, 13, 17; 123:1, 14; 130:17; 131:2; 142:11; 161:20; 164:9; topic [9] - 147:2; 192:22; 149:4; 208:13, 25; 209:3, 139:25; 187:17, 22-23; 190:3; 193:14; 207:8, 202:23; 203:14; 205:23; 6; 213:5; 217:13; 219:3, 7; 188:2, 8, 10; 189:2, 9; 10-11, 14; 208:7, 11, 23; 209:16; 262:24; 266:16; 221:9; 223:5; 227:21; 192:13; 193:14; 200:19; 215:7; 223:22; 225:9, 15; 283:16 270:2; 276:8 264:24; 265:3, 5, 7; 233:13; 257:2; 259:17; Topic [2] - 1:12; 7:4 Traffic [3] - 210:3; 218:1; 284:15, 22 267:16; 274:13 Topic-Specific [2] - 1:12; 7:4 220:11 tree [1] - 172:6 three-quarter [1] - 207:14 topics [7] - 7:13; 9:22; 62:8; trails [3] - 74:4; 126:2; 157:2 treks [1] - 73:21 three-quarters [1] - 225:9 128:13; 135:22; 266:10; train [1] - 223:14 tremendous [2] - 92:17, 25 threshold [4] - 203:1; 275:16 trained [2] - 18:8; 237:3 Trench [1] - 92:18 207:20; 225:13; 226:3 Toronto [1] - 205:17 Training [2] - 62:13; 64:11 trench [1] - 92:23 thresholds [1] - 22:2 total [10] - 20:15; 27:1; 39:18; training [11] - 18:3, 12, 20, trend [4] - 165:7; 185:22; throughout [8] - 25:17; 109:1; 172:3; 210:5; 237:6; 24; 24:17; 203:18, 22; 188:13; 203:3 95:25; 115:17; 118:23; 238:18; 246:24; 252:7 204:6; 209:23; 279:14 trends [8] - 154:21; 155:2; 166:21; 250:4; 254:15; totally [1] - 124:10 Trans [1] - 43:4 165:21; 170:9, 12, 17; 277:8 touch [4] - 69:21; 76:5; transcribed [4] - 64:4; 161:7; 172:19 throw [1] - 38:17 105:1; 238:7 246:4; 285:9 Trevis [1] - 2:6 Thursday [2] - 284:8, 12 touring [4] - 71:10; 73:20; transcript [2] - 250:16; Trevor [4] - 3:8; 4:5; 7:20; tight [1] - 80:2 76:18; 98:2 285:10 129:13 tighter [1] - 79:24 tourism [75] - 61:14; 62:8, transcripts [1] - 141:21 trial [15] - 159:19; 160:20; timber [1] - 171:22 12; 64:12, 14, 25; 65:10, transects [1] - 118:23 161:18; 163:5; 165:17; Timber [1] - 172:4 18, 21, 25; 66:2, 10, 12, transition [4] - 11:6; 161:17; 166:17; 167:11; 173:20-22; timeframes [1] - 106:19 16, 19; 67:4, 9, 15-18; 254:25; 280:2 180:12; 200:4; 282:23 timeline [1] - 235:5 68:1, 6, 10; 70:23; 71:15, transitional [1] - 269:7 trialing [1] - 180:8 23; 72:1; 73:23; 74:5, 9, Tribal [6] - 115:12; 189:9;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 37
193:15; 264:24; 265:5, 7 207:4; 215:18; 218:3; unexplained [1] - 149:11 222:17; 224:12, 14; 225:2; TRIBAL [6] - 189:11; 190:5, 221:10; 233:12; 238:7; unfold [2] - 41:19 229:6; 234:6; 237:5; 21; 191:2, 15; 192:16 242:17, 25; 243:21; unforeseen [1] - 270:8 252:19; 257:12; 261:14; tributaries [1] - 253:4 246:21; 250:23; 251:2; unfortunate [1] - 126:19 269:11; 270:5; 274:18; tried [6] - 81:19; 88:21; 257:14; 260:7; 265:13; unfortunately [8] - 20:18; 277:14, 21; 278:16 113:24; 118:20; 195:1; 267:15; 273:13; 284:4 56:2; 60:4; 137:16; 159:11, up-coming [1] - 277:14 215:22 two-and-a-half [1] - 221:10 23; 183:12; 211:24 up-scaling [1] - 269:11 triggers [1] - 244:3 type [14] - 56:21; 60:19; ungulate [4] - 182:22; 183:6, update [1] - 269:18 trip [7] - 33:7; 78:14; 96:7; 80:19; 85:15; 90:19; 98:22; 10; 186:6 updates [1] - 277:13 158:4, 6, 10, 18 127:11; 139:24; 177:3; ungulates [3] - 107:3; upfront [1] - 164:25 trivialize [1] - 206:4 180:20; 182:3; 219:22; 109:25; 132:24 upgrade [2] - 218:10, 18 trouble [4] - 35:6; 36:23; 239:17 unhappy [1] - 47:8 upgraded [1] - 222:6 37:1; 39:11 types [8] - 170:14; 176:24; unintended [1] - 162:7 uphill [1] - 224:25 troubled [1] - 261:13 240:17; 242:25; 244:5, 7; unique [10] - 51:13, 17, 19; upper [3] - 131:12, 15; troubleshooting [1] - 204:14 253:14, 20 52:18; 72:1, 19; 149:15; 283:19 trough [1] - 227:6 typically [1] - 51:17 185:22; 271:19; 281:19 upslope [1] - 224:18 trout [15] - 239:5; 240:6; unit [5] - 120:14, 21; 161:11; upstream [2] - 148:11; 184:4 241:2; 242:7; 248:24; U 169:25; 174:15 urged [1] - 21:21 249:4, 13; 250:25; 252:11; units [14] - 122:16, 18; 123:8; useful [2] - 131:3; 283:4 255:17; 256:21; 259:22 161:1, 3, 9, 13; 170:4; user [1] - 85:23 U.S [2] - 76:8; 211:10 truck [3] - 15:23; 43:15 175:3; 182:1; 269:5, 12, users [3] - 111:4; 112:20; ultimately [1] - 244:9 trucking [2] - 15:7; 16:9 21; 276:10 233:1 UN [1] - 66:3 trucks [4] - 43:6; 79:16 university [1] - 133:24 uses [4] - 66:3; 97:20; 99:7; unable [2] - 23:1; 268:8 true [5] - 47:17; 107:21; University [6] - 131:21, 24; 240:3 unacceptable [3] - 146:15; 109:25; 111:7; 285:9 231:24; 232:10, 12 usual [2] - 8:3; 66:6 153:10; 202:25 truly [3] - 99:6; 179:4; 204:20 unknown [1] - 248:12 utilities [1] - 13:5 unactive [1] - 219:5 truncated [1] - 161:13 unless [4] - 56:4; 59:16; Utilities [6] - 136:2; 272:9, unbelievable [1] - 215:24 trust [6] - 22:8; 133:3; 137:1, 104:1; 107:25 11, 18; 274:22; 275:4 uncertainties [3] - 257:10; 9; 140:17; 158:14 unlikely [1] - 249:19 259:11, 16 Trust [5] - 4:10; 130:12; unnecessary [1] - 138:5 uncertainty [7] - 18:18; V 146:6, 12; 158:9 unplanned [1] - 37:8 19:13; 137:4; 241:25; trusted [1] - 152:9 unpredictable [1] - 249:19 248:10; 259:9; 263:21 vacations [1] - 71:10 trustee [1] - 132:1 unrealistic [4] - 239:8; unconventional [1] - 170:20 validation [2] - 239:15; 242:4 try [8] - 127:17; 138:11; 240:10; 248:13; 249:16 uncrowded [1] - 72:17 validity [1] - 257:15 140:3; 147:3, 5; 196:5; unrelated [1] - 222:11 under [32] - 20:7; 29:11; valley [33] - 92:1; 102:18, 205:2; 206:3 unrestricted [1] - 117:1 49:15; 55:13; 90:10; 21-22; 103:1, 7; 106:21; trying [16] - 95:5; 96:9; unsettled [1] - 149:17 102:10; 147:15; 161:20; 125:22; 127:9; 133:20; 101:5; 112:4; 114:5; unskilled [1] - 35:7 169:3; 172:17; 173:4; 134:12, 14, 17, 19; 135:13; 145:16; 157:7; 162:22; unstable [1] - 16:7 208:8, 17; 216:21; 226:24; 138:9; 146:21; 147:10, 17; 170:11; 177:17; 180:25; unsupportable [1] - 249:16 227:5; 237:6; 252:16; 148:9, 15; 149:14; 150:24; 198:20; 210:25; 211:16; unsupported [1] - 239:8 258:4, 16; 261:9; 267:13; 152:20; 157:8; 158:7; 221:13; 223:19 unsustainable [1] - 203:3 271:14; 272:10, 20, 24; 172:23; 204:20; 212:11; Tuesday [1] - 7:1 unto [1] - 77:17 273:6; 274:21; 275:6; 224:10, 14; 282:8, 10 turn [13] - 9:15; 19:15; 62:22; untouched [1] - 103:2 281:19 Valley [18] - 87:11; 93:24; 128:24; 202:13; 219:8; unusual [1] - 23:6 undergoing [1] - 163:12 126:12, 14; 127:4; 128:2; 226:10; 237:17; 244:15; unwillingness [1] - 147:14 underlying [2] - 181:2; 131:2; 134:1; 136:8; 247:3; 256:14; 262:5; up [82] - 24:2; 26:9, 11; 32:4; 185:23 139:14, 18; 145:15; 284:17 33:9; 37:20; 43:10; 49:23; undertake [1] - 270:20 150:22; 261:8; 265:7, 10, turning [7] - 15:3; 232:17; 57:24; 58:4; 62:24; 72:7; undertaken [4] - 140:19; 18 233:22; 236:15; 243:7, 20; 74:25; 76:7; 78:4; 79:13; 143:14; 153:20; 238:12 Valley/Lower [1] - 87:20 250:1 85:2; 87:4; 89:6; 90:3; undertaking [8] - 106:23; valleys [1] - 150:21 two [64] - 14:9; 26:23; 49:11; 92:22, 24; 93:12; 94:10; 160:20; 163:15; 233:3; valuable [2] - 137:23; 280:17 51:17; 52:3, 24; 55:22; 95:11; 96:6, 10, 22; 99:20; 257:18; 259:6; 270:23 valuation [1] - 173:22 56:14; 65:8, 11; 69:22; 101:9, 23; 102:22; 103:19; UNDERTAKING [8] - 6:3, 5, Value [1] - 75:13 71:21; 73:16; 84:7, 13; 106:16; 115:18; 116:17; 8, 11; 9:12; 84:21; 115:3; value [22] - 8:16; 26:21; 85:19; 90:13; 92:5, 8, 16; 120:22; 121:13; 127:19; 183:19 139:4, 7, 10, 15, 17, 19; 93:5; 118:8, 11, 14; 128:24; 154:5; 156:14; undertakings [4] - 62:25; 143:10; 162:20; 166:13; 128:13; 130:7; 140:19; 157:11, 15; 158:4, 6, 63:2; 140:17; 199:23 169:4, 19; 185:11, 18, 22; 148:17; 152:15; 156:8; 10-11; 165:23; 173:21; UNDERTAKINGS [1] - 6:1 186:15; 187:24; 188:12, 161:21; 164:4; 167:22; 179:7; 186:15; 192:13; undeveloped [1] - 103:4 17; 233:6; 258:19 169:16; 176:24; 178:9; 199:17; 200:18; 204:8; unemployment [2] - 30:25; valued [2] - 171:21; 187:17 179:15; 180:4; 181:10, 19; 212:6; 216:16; 218:8; 37:18 values [65] - 134:11, 19; 182:9; 193:12; 195:17; 219:3, 13, 21; 220:22, 24;
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 38
138:20, 25; 149:15; visibility [11] - 120:2; 206:19, water [41] - 127:19; 167:22; West [4] - 21:10; 190:19; 150:15, 24; 153:1, 3; 24; 207:8, 14; 208:7, 22; 169:18-20; 170:5, 17-18; 191:4, 8 161:1; 162:9, 12, 14, 18; 216:3; 218:12; 223:21 171:13, 18; 181:5, 7, 15; west [3] - 93:3; 130:2; 225:4 163:2, 22; 164:15; 165:6, vision [4] - 176:16; 179:2; 182:8; 185:12; 214:24; westerly [1] - 222:18 19-20; 166:23, 25; 167:9, 265:9, 12 215:1, 19; 243:10, 12; western [2] - 169:9; 204:14 14, 16, 19, 22, 24; 168:6, visit [5] - 88:12; 98:7; 245:16, 23; 246:9, 24; wet [1] - 215:7 9-10, 12-13, 23; 169:1-3, 6, 101:20; 200:18 247:2, 15; 254:5; 255:14, whatnot [1] - 86:23 8, 16; 175:2, 21; 178:13; visiting [1] - 73:6 16; 256:1; 263:21; 264:6; whatsoever [1] - 172:14 179:10; 180:13, 17; 181:6, visitor [13] - 72:16; 74:1; 270:12, 14, 16, 18-19; whereas [4] - 60:1; 81:15; 19; 182:5; 185:16; 186:2, 77:14, 16; 78:2, 20, 23; 276:18 163:16; 256:1 10; 187:14; 188:6, 22-23; 87:2; 92:5, 7; 94:21; 281:9 Water [1] - 182:7 WHEREOF [1] - 285:13 190:15; 200:3; 239:21 visitor's [1] - 78:20 waterfowl [1] - 106:24 whichever [1] - 172:2 values-based [2] - 162:9; visitors [5] - 68:4; 75:20, 24; waterfront [1] - 262:13 Whistler [5] - 75:22; 93:25; 185:16 157:23; 281:11 waterline [1] - 246:18 94:10; 95:3; 98:24 values-focused [1] - 164:15 visits [1] - 72:16 Waterloo [2] - 231:24; white [1] - 217:9 Vancouver [7] - 39:17; Visual [1] - 2:18 232:10 whitefish [4] - 234:1; 251:1; 75:22; 93:18; 94:10; 95:3; visual [5] - 77:24; 89:2; waters [1] - 133:13 252:14; 256:21 99:1, 3 208:8; 209:3 watershed [17] - 114:4, 12, Whitehorse [2] - 203:20, 22 vapour [3] - 214:6; 215:1, 19 vital [1] - 23:16 17; 145:6; 161:3; 166:10; Whiten [1] - 278:21 varied [1] - 133:5 Volume [6] - 1:16; 6:4; 9:13; 170:4, 6; 171:7; 181:3, 8, whitetail [1] - 126:15 various [2] - 28:5; 201:21 250:16; 255:2; 256:17 11, 22; 182:1, 5; 246:21; whitetails [1] - 126:4 vary [1] - 242:1 volume [11] - 8:10; 69:7, 23; 253:13 who've [1] - 31:9 VC [1] - 123:23 [6] 70:3, 13; 85:23; 239:4; watersheds - 170:1, 25; whole [13] - 47:2; 50:5; VCs [1] - 203:4 240:4, 8; 255:14; 270:3 180:24; 253:12, 17 52:10; 60:7; 117:2; 196:4; vegetation [19] - 233:14; volunteer [2] - 131:1; 140:3 Watterson [1] - 270:13 216:17; 224:24; 242:24; 244:16; 245:2, 11-12, 15, vulnerable [2] - 111:16, 19 ways [4] - 44:15; 78:4; 163:5; 263:19; 271:9; 284:7 22; 246:11, 19; 247:18; 282:8 wide [4] - 72:18; 97:4, 14, 16 254:24; 255:5, 11, 18, 24; wealth [1] - 30:20 W wide-open [1] - 72:18 256:8, 10, 12 wearing [1] - 28:5 widely [2] - 33:18; 124:17 vehicle [7] - 39:14; 40:4, 12; weather [18] - 126:20; wife [4] - 125:20; 130:21; WAC [1] - 158:12 42:23; 129:4; 138:12; 159:11; 202:19, 22; 135:7; 148:20 281:15 wade [1] - 225:19 203:24; 206:21; 207:24; wildlife [58] - 19:25; 72:18; wait [7] - 56:7; 118:11; 219:6; vehicles [6] - 30:21; 43:5, 7; 208:19, 23; 213:22, 25; 74:5; 104:6; 125:15, 24; 221:8, 12; 260:6 184:23; 228:24; 238:9 220:10; 221:18; 222:1; 127:14, 24; 128:1, 3; waiting [5] - 57:5; 208:15; venting [1] - 216:4 224:1; 227:3; 283:14 131:24; 132:11, 13, 24; 219:14, 16; 221:14 verb [1] - 140:23 website [7] - 6:7; 44:14; 134:16, 18; 138:11; waitlist [1] - 53:1 verification [1] - 12:15 83:25; 84:24; 91:5; 210:8, 142:23; 143:12, 21, 24; waitlists [4] - 52:21; 56:10; verifications [1] - 8:8 23 144:3, 9; 145:9, 14, 19; 59:18 verify [3] - 242:22; 243:1; Wednesday [1] - 53:5 157:7, 12, 19, 21, 24-25; Wal [1] - 113:8 257:12 week [11] - 53:10; 59:25; 158:17, 24; 175:12; version [1] - 264:15 Wal-Marts [1] - 113:8 83:9; 120:9; 130:23; 181:16, 20; 182:16-18, versus [5] - 163:10, 24; walk [2] - 41:3; 169:15 141:10; 143:5; 149:16 20-21; 183:4, 6, 9; 184:9, 171:15; 241:12; 242:7 walk-in [1] - 41:3 week-by-week [1] - 149:16 12, 23; 185:14; 186:3, 5, 7, vests [1] - 79:15 walks [1] - 122:7 weekend [2] - 125:14; 126:3 12; 188:12, 25 VFR [2] - 208:17, 24 Wallace [1] - 2:4 weekly [1] - 59:24 Wildlife [1] - 84:11 via [4] - 4:16; 229:18 walls [2] - 284:16 weeks [5] - 28:1; 39:9; 53:13; wildlife-viewing [1] - 157:21 viability [1] - 249:24 warbler [2] - 169:9 76:18; 133:17 willing [4] - 16:1, 11; 25:20; vibration [1] - 264:17 Ware [15] - 14:12, 24; 15:9, weight [2] - 215:22 47:21 Victoria [4] - 75:23; 94:10; 12, 21, 23; 16:2, 14, 23; welcome [11] - 7:12; 27:17, willingness [1] - 280:24 95:3; 228:8 17:9, 12-13; 18:17; 24:21; 19; 48:1; 80:1; 130:9; Williston [8] - 20:17; 134:15; view [18] - 28:13; 29:22; 92:23 131:10; 201:4; 231:9; 142:22; 144:23; 145:4, 19; 35:10; 37:10; 43:17; 67:7; Ware's [3] - 16:8; 17:2; 279:7 280:11; 284:17 146:4; 158:20 82:22; 89:8; 92:12; 207:16; warm [8] - 134:12; 221:14; welcomes [1] - 48:20 win [3] - 30:13; 35:11; 39:19 209:13; 227:12; 235:18; 224:12; 226:16, 18; 227:6, welcoming [1] - 69:13 wind [9] - 212:18; 218:6, 9; 236:3; 250:11; 274:11; 10 well-being [4] - 32:18; 222:18; 224:24; 225:4, 23; 281:19 warming [3] - 224:4; 255:12, 139:13; 148:4, 24 261:14 viewing [6] - 73:5; 74:5; 15 well-established [2] - 49:6, window [2] - 34:13; 42:10 warms [1] - 224:16 138:11; 157:7, 12, 21 10 window-dressing [2] - viewpoints [1] - 281:21 Washington [1] - 72:24 well-positioned [1] - 21:2 34:13; 42:10 views [3] - 85:5, 12; 195:12 waste [1] - 137:21 well-recognized [1] - 97:9 winds [2] - 224:22; 227:19 viewscapes [2] - 89:8; 103:1 watch [4] - 51:24; 79:12; well-rounded [1] - 51:2 windshield [2] - 207:17; VIPs [1] - 42:2 284:18 wells [4] - 28:22; 34:25; 216:4 virtually [2] - 15:22; 145:7 watched [2] - 203:8; 213:7 264:1, 6
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 39
wing [2] - 211:5; 227:10 wrote [1] - 32:4 wings [1] - 216:1 winter [16] - 71:14; 102:10; Y 106:22; 125:25; 126:14, 16; 127:5, 11, 18; 182:22; 183:6, 10; 184:13; 186:6; Y2Y [1] - 265:8 215:15 yard [1] - 223:14 year [38] - 10:25; 13:1; 28:1; wisdom [1] - 93:11 30:12; 40:21; 46:25; 49:5, wisely [1] - 36:23 12; 52:25; 53:1; 54:6; wish [4] - 25:19; 92:6; 64:23; 66:7, 23; 86:11; 251:22; 282:11 95:12; 98:15; 110:3, 23; withdrawal [1] - 171:3 111:2; 117:2, 9; 126:4, 7-8; withdrawals [1] - 169:20 146:11; 148:6; 149:17; withstand [1] - 148:2 158:4; 162:5; 186:24; WITNESS [1] - 285:13 190:9; 191:10; 220:20; witness [1] - 47:12 281:11; 283:20 witnesses [1] - 179:19 year-by-year [1] - 149:17 wonder [7] - 43:10; 57:6; years [45] - 29:9; 30:9; 36:20; 88:23; 96:19; 99:9; 222:20; 40:10, 20, 24; 48:9, 13; 223:7 49:4, 19; 51:11; 52:3, 10, wondered [2] - 184:18, 24 24; 68:21; 95:22; 96:9; wonderful [4] - 67:12; 88:9; 97:9; 105:15; 106:10, 15; 99:25; 200:7 109:19; 112:16; 117:25; wondering [20] - 8:17; 42:24; 120:18; 130:6; 134:5; 55:4; 83:17; 85:15; 87:10; 135:7; 136:2, 14; 148:7; 93:5, 19; 98:3, 8; 107:3, 6; 149:19; 152:15; 154:4, 20; 108:6; 109:15; 113:18; 155:22; 191:5; 201:19; 114:13; 118:24; 119:3; 203:7; 206:18; 222:16, 19; 155:17; 179:24 266:22; 267:16 wood [4] - 131:14; 212:7; yellow [3] - 37:23; 67:21 214:6, 25 Yellowknife [1] - 203:21 woody [2] - 245:15; 255:19 yesterday [8] - 8:9; 11:24; word [11] - 32:16; 67:16; 25:13; 56:9; 78:10; 262:18; 86:14; 141:16; 206:10; 264:10; 271:4 213:22, 25; 214:3, 18; York [1] - 31:22 216:14; 217:19 young [9] - 36:17; 37:1, 25; words [2] - 22:10; 33:18 44:7; 45:12; 46:14; 47:2; worker [2] - 10:11; 268:23 147:7 workers [7] - 17:16; 18:4, 7; younger [3] - 37:25; 38:5; 56:1; 98:13; 154:18; 269:2 43:23 workforce [4] - 45:9, 14; Youngson [1] - 283:25 154:16 yourself [1] - 104:18 works [4] - 50:4; 70:13; youth [3] - 39:6; 51:4; 100:7 203:8 YURKOVICH [8] - 9:19; 57:8; workshop [4] - 27:25; 33:2; 84:16; 89:1; 129:2; 201:6; 45:3; 259:12 262:11; 283:9 workshops [1] - 257:3 Yurkovich [5] - 3:6; 4:4; world [11] - 30:4; 50:16; 7:17; 129:10, 21 66:2; 69:6; 72:15; 85:13; 206:17, 23; 213:4; 241:13; 242:6 Z worldwide [1] - 152:18 worried [2] - 109:10; 110:18 Zaa [1] - 133:15 worry [1] - 149:20 Zealand [1] - 69:3 worst [2] - 222:24; 227:2 zone [21] - 108:24; 125:19, worth [1] - 97:13 24; 126:1, 11; 191:22; worthwhile [2] - 16:4; 92:1 208:10, 12, 15, 18; 209:6; wrapped [1] - 51:18 212:10; 213:6; 215:17; wreck [1] - 210:13 217:13; 221:9, 11; 224:6; writing [2] - 81:24; 214:11 254:25; 265:14 written [4] - 66:3; 149:5; zones [2] - 91:2; 126:5 213:1; 230:8 zooplankton [1] - 256:4
Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected]