Lucozade Sport Publications 1971-2011
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Lucozade Sport Publications 1971-2011 1=Non randomized 2 = lack of allocation concealment , 3 = lack of blinding 4= intention to treat not used 5= surrogate outcome used Year Author Title and PubMed Identifier Study type Risk of Number of Abstracts and (PMID) Bias participants Comments (red indicates we had no access to the full text) 1971 Green & Some effects of glucose 10? Not available Thomas syrup ingestion during vigorous exercises of differing intensities and duration PubMed ID 5048505 Thomas Some effects of glucose Non- High 9 males Subjects fasted and refrained from drinking for at least 15hrs before the test which syrup ingestion upon randomized [1,2,3,5] concluded ingestion of a proprietary glucose drink significantly affects physiological extended sub-maximal sports crossover reactions to extended exercise performance. trial PMID: 5048505 1972 Brooke, Nutrition during severe 8 males Doesn’t seem to exist Davies & prolonged exercise in trained Green cyclists Green & Ingestion of a glucose syrup Non- High 9 males, 1 Original 10 participants were reduced to 8 during the trials by illness or non- Bagley drink during long distance randomized [1,3,4,] female attendance. The true effect is masked by the fact that 4 of the volunteers canoeing crossover participated in K2 canoes i.e. 2-man kayaks. trial As the glucose syrup drink and placebo were distributed alternately on each PMCID: PMC1859420 occasion, it resulted in each crew having one member taking the drink while his companion received placebo and inevitably the times recorded for both members of the crew were virtually identical, despite the difference in drinks being used. 1973 Brooke & Variations in available Not available Green carbohydrate and physical work ability with repeated prolonged severe exercise 1/59 03/09/2012 PMID 4760767 Muckle Glucose syrup ingestion and Non- High One When glucose syrup was given the number of goals scored in the second half was team performance in soccer randomized [1,2,3,4] football double compared to the controls with 15/20 being scored in the final ½ hour of the PMC1859442 crossover team over match. The goals conceded in both halves without glucose, and in the first ½ with trial 40 matches glucose, were almost identical. However, after the ingestion of glucose syrup there was a marked improvement in defensive performance with only 1 goal conceded during the final 30mins of the 20 matches. 1974 Green & The effects of a glucose 10 males Does not have a website Bagley syrup drink during exercise 1983 White & Ford The hydration and electrolyte Randomized High 7 Seven highly trained subjects underwent exercise dehydration without fluid maintenance properties of an crossover [2,3,5] replacement (Subsequently, subjects underwent two identical exercise trials with experimental sports drink. trial isovolumetric fluid replacement of water (W) and an experimental formulation (Q). It was concluded that, with the exception of the obvious carbohydrate loading capability of treatment Q at the dilution used in the rehydration trial, there were only marginal benefits to be gained over using W in terms of the maintenance of plasma volume, plasma osmolality and plasma electrolyte balance close to homeostatic levels. 1984 White & Ford The carbohydrate Randomized High 7 subjects used in this study were the same 7 individuals who completed the maintenance properties of an crossover [2,3,5] dehydration/rehydration trial series (White and Ford, 1983) were thoroughly electrolyte sports drink trial habituated to the laboratory procedures involved. 1993 Fallowfield Carbohydrate intake and Randomized High 16 A high carbohydrate diet restored endurance capacity within 22.5 hrs whereas an JL, Williams recovery from prolonged controlled [2,3,5] isocaloric (same amount of calories) diet without additional carbohydrate did not. C. exercise trial PMID: 8508193 1994 Chryssanthop Comparison between Non- High 10 Ten endurance-trained males completed two 30-km treadmill runs. In one trial oulos C, carbohydrate feedings randomized [1,2] subjects consumed a placebo solution 4 hr before exercise and a carbohydrate- Williams C, before and during exercise crossover electrolyte solution immediately before exercise and every 5 km (C). In the other Wilson W, on running performance trial trial, subjects consumed a 4-hr pre-exercise high-carbohydrate meal and water Asher L, during a 30-km treadmill time immediately before exercise and every 5 km (M). Performance times were identical Hearne L. trial for M and C, and there was no difference in the self-selected speeds. Oxygen uptake, heart rates, perceived rate of exertion, and respiratory exchange ratios PMID 7874153 were also similar. However, blood glucose concentration was higher in C during the 2/59 03/09/2012 first 20 km of the 30-km run. In M, blood glucose concentration was maintained above 4.5 mmol.L-1 throughout exercise. Thus, the two conditions produced the same 30-km treadmill running performance time. 1995 Fallowfield The influence of ingesting a Randomized High 16 12 men and 4 women were divided into two matched groups, which were randomly JL, Williams carbohydrate-electrolyte controlled [2,3,5] assigned to either a control (P) or a carbohydrate (CHO). Both groups ran at 70% of C, Singh R. beverage during 4 hours of trial VO2max on a level treadmill for 90 min or until volitional fatigue (R1), and they ran at recovery on subsequent the same % VO2max to exhaustion 4 hr later to assess endurance capacity (R2). Run endurance capacity times did not differ between the R1 groups. The CHO group ran 22.2 mins longer than the P group during R2 (39.8 vs 62.0, p < .05). PMID: 605516 Leese, Post-Exercise gastric Non- High 6 On 4 separate occasions, 6 post-absorptive subjects walked on an inclined treadmill Bowtell, emptying of carbohydrate randomized [1,2,3,5] at 70% maximum oxygen uptake for 1 h and were then given 330 ml of one of the Mudambo, solutions determined using crossover solutions in which 150 mg of sodium 1-[13C] acetate had been dissolved. The gastric Reynolds, the 13C acetate breath test. trial emptying of all carbohydrates were significantly longer than for water (P < 0.01). Thompson, gastric emptying times for sucrose and glucose polymer were almost identical Scrimgeour & whereas that for glucose was significantly slower. Rennie Nicholas, Influence of ingesting a Randomized High 9 males 9 subjects were randomly allocated either a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution Williams, carbohydrate-electrolyte controlled (CHO) or a non-carbohydrate placebo (CON) immediately prior to exercise and every Lakomy, solution on endurance trial [2,3,5] 15 min thereafter. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast of 10 h Phillips & running capacity during and completed 75 min exercise, comprising of five 15-min periods of intermittent Nowitz intermittent, high-intensity running, consisting of sprinting, interspersed with periods of jogging and walking shuttle running. (Part A), followed by intermittent running to fatigue (Part B). During Part B, the subjects were able to continue running longer when fed CHO These results show PMID: 7474041 that drinking a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improves endurance running capacity during prolonged intermittent exercise. Whereas endurance running capacity increased as a consequence of carbohydrate ingestion, sprint performance did not. Tsintzas, Carbohydrate ingestion and Randomized High 7 males The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on muscle glycogen utilization during Williams, glycogen utilisation in crossover [2,3,5] exercise was examined on seven male subjects completing two 60 min treadmill Boobis & different muscle fibre types trial runs at 70% maximum oxygen uptake (1702 max), 1 week apart. On the day of the Greenhaff in man experiment each subject arrived in the laboratory following a 12-14 h overnight fast. A 28% reduction in mixed glycogen utilization was observed as a result of CHO ingestion when compared with water ingestion Tsintzas, Influence of carbohydrate- Randomized High 7 7 endurance-trained runners completed three 42.2-km treadmill time-trials following Williams, electrolyte drinks on crossover [2,3] a 10 12 h overnight fast. On each occasion the subjects ingested either water (W), a Singh, Wilson marathon running trial 6.9% CHO solution (O) or a 5.5% CHOsolution (L) immediately prior to the start of the 3/59 03/09/2012 & Burrin performance. run and every 5 km thereafter. Running times for W, O and L trials were 193.9, 192.4 and 190.0 min respectively. Performance time for the L trial was faster (P < 0.05) PMID: 7768238 compared with that of the W trial. It is not clear why the ingestion of the O solution was not equally effective in maintaining running speed after the first 25 km of the run. Differences in CHO concentration and composition, palatability and flavour between the two drinks could have contributed in some way to difference in performance or rather the lack of difference in performance between the O drink and the water drink and water. 1996 Leese, Exercise and the oxidation & Non- High 9 Rates of oxidation of 3 almost identical isoenergetic solutions of carbohydrates (330 Thompson, storage of glucose, maize- randomized ml of 18.5% w/v solutions of glucose, maize syrup solids and sucrose) were examined Scrimgeour & syrup solids and sucrose crossover at rest and during and after 1 h uphill walking at 75% maximum oxygen uptake Rennie. determined from breath trial (VO2max) in 9 subjects. At rest maize syrup solids were oxidised less than sucrose 13CO2 during the 1st but this difference disappeared after a further 3 h at rest During exercise, all the carbohydrates were oxidised to the same extent but during 4 h of PMID:8851905 recovery after exercise, maize syrup solids were oxidised least suggesting that it may be stored to a greater extent. The results suggest that 18.5% glucose, maize syrup solids and sucrose solutions were equally well oxidised during exercise.