CRLIFORNIR COOPERRTIUE O[Erfll[ FISHERIES Inuestlgatloils REPORTS VOLUME Xxlx OCTOBER 1988
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CRLIFORNIR COOPERRTIUE O[ERfll[ FISHERIES INUESTlGATlOIlS REPORTS VOLUME XXlX OCTOBER 1988 CAL IFOR N IA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISH ER IES INVESTIGATIONS Reports VOLUME XXlX January 1 to December 31,1987 Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE CALCOFI COORDINATOR Gail Theilacker EDITOR Julie Olfe SPANISH EDITOR Patricia Matrai This report is not copyrighted, except where otherwise indicated, and may be reproduced in other publications provided credit is given to the Califor- nia Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations and to the author(s). Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to CalCOFl Coordi- nator, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, A-003, La Jolla, California 92093. EDITORIAL BOARD lzadore Barrett Richard Klingbeil Michael Mullin Published October 1988, La Jolla, California ISSN 0575-3317 CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXIX, 1988 CONTENTS In Memoriam . 5 Abraham Fleminger ............................................................ 5 ReubenLasker ................................................................. 7 I. Reports, Review, and Publications Report of the CalCOFI Committee . 9 Review of Some California Fisheries for 1987 . 11 Publications ................................................................... 21 11. Symposium of the CalCOFI Conference, 1987 THE CALCOFI SAMPLING PROTOCOL AND TIME SERIES: POINT/COUNTERPOINT ......................................................... 25 Historical Review of the Oceanographic Approach to Fishery Research. Roger P. Hewitt . 27 Physical Oceanography, 1947-1987. Joseph L. Reid . 42 CalCOFI Time Series: An Overview of Fishes. Paul E. Smith and H. Geoffrey Moser . 66 111. Scientific Contributions Revised Estimates of Historical Spawning Biomass of the Pacific Mackerel, Scomber japonicus. Michael H. Prager and Alec D. MacCall . 81 Historical Changes in Abundance of Six Fish Species off Southern California, Based on CalCOFI Egg and Larva Samples. Alec D. MacCall and Michael H. Prager . 91 Coupling of the Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax caeruleus) Life Cycle with the Gulf of California Pelagic Environment. M. Gregory Hammann, Tim R. Baumgartner, and AntoineBadan-Dangon .................................................... 102 Biochemical Genetic and Morphological Divergence among Three Species of Thread Herring (Opisthonema)in Northwest Mexico. Dennis Hedgecock, Keith Nelson, and Luis G. Lopez-Lemus . 110 Zooplankton Biomass and Copepod Community Structure in the Gulf of California during the 1982-1983 El Niiio Event. Luis C. Jimenez-Perez and Jose' R. Lara-Lara . 122 Trophic Relationships of the Shortbelly Rockfish, Sebastes jordani, off Central California. James R. Chess, Susan E. Smith, and Paul C. Fischer . 129 Egg Production Estimates of Anchovy Biomass in the Southern Benguela System. Michael Armstrong, Peter Shelton, Ian Hampton, George Jolly, and Yolande Melo . 137 Changing the Size Limit: How It Could Affect California Halibut Fisheries. Rhondu J. Reed and Alec D. MacCall . , . , . , 158 Instructions to Authors . 168 CalCOFI Basic Station Plan . inside back cover Indexed in Current Contents. Abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and Oceanic Abstracts. IN MEMORIAM CalCOFI Rep.,Vol. XXIX, 1988 INMEMORIAM Abraham Fleminger 1925-1988 Abraham Fleminger’s scientific career was a partnership with his copepods, focused on causes and manifestations of the differentiation of spe- cies. Abe was born in New York City 63 years ago. He died on January 13, 1988, after a long and dif- ficult, up-and-down bout with kidney failure. He worked with vigor in his laboratory until the last days. His accomplishments in systematics, zoo- geography, and ecology were fundamental-con- sistently framed in the broad picture of phylogeny and evolution. He was forever generous in sharing insights when he and his colleagues grappled with differing views of the shapes and ways of crusta- ceans in the vast ocean. Abe Fleminger came to the Marine Life Re- search Program at Scripps in 1960 after a period of zooplankton research with the National Marine Fisheries Service in Galveston, Texas. He had earned graduate degrees at Harvard, stimulated and challenged-but not molded-by the pro- vocative evolutionary biologists E. 0. Wilson and Ernst Mayr. Speciation processes in the cala- noid copepods had captured his attention, never to let go. related zooplankton species is a key mechanism in The first Fleminger papers were a series of spe- differentiation, appearing when there has been cies descriptions tackling gaps and confusion in geographical reassociation of young species pairs. knowledge of calanoid families including Euchae- A series of works on species and species groups tidae, Stephidae, and especially Pontellidae in the within the pontellid genus Labidocera around the Gulf of Mexico. Biogeographical evidence was a rims of the world’s oceans became Abe’s most regular part of his means of arriving at taxonomic compelling and satisfying endeavor. As this study conclusions. Abe was impatient, even then, with evolved together with his understanding of varia- ecologists who were less than exacting when dis- tion among coastal environments, he became in- tinguishing and labeling reproductively distinct creasingly successful in predicting places where populations. specific differentiation remained to be discovered. As details of distributions were worked out, Abe This led to the finding of a “species swarm” in the became fascinated by the role of population inter- Caribbean, and of ordered groups in the Indian actions in enhancing morphological differentia- Ocean and in home waters along the west coast of tion. He was the first to recognize that character North America. A study of speciation in the Indo- displacement in reproductive structures of closely Australian archipelagos concluded that long-term, 5 IN MEMORIAM CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXIX, 1988 local sea-temperature anomalies may well have es- sive and diverse in the world, in part because they tablished Wallace’s Line. include the CalCOFI samples. He also served as Abe pioneered the study of minute integumental editor of the CalCOFI atlas series. organs, called supernumerary pores, in copepods, Abe’s gift of enthusiasm for the curiosity of stu- recognizing the relationship of their sensory func- dents and colleagues and for worthwhile questions tion to species-specific arrangements in Eucalanus. helped develop ideas and careers. He was not nom- He used these organs to distinguish a recently inally a teacher, but young and old students of co- evolved species of Calanus in the Black Sea and its pepods gravitated to his laboratory from many relationship to Mediterranean species. His discov- lands. Discussions there sometimes called to mind ery of environmentally induced sex reversal in cer- the Tower of Babel, with Chinese, Japanese, Span- tain calanoid species has prompted a rethinking of ish, and German accents in spirited competition. aspects of their population biology. By the end, though, information and ideas had Abe Fleminger’s voyages carried him from the been exchanged and knowledge generated. California coast to the Caribbean, to the Eastern A colleague has observed that now that Abe is Pacific Ocean and the archipelagos of the Indo- gone the available information on copepods is Pacific regions. He also served as an adviser on vastly reduced, but we will have to muddle through marine studies for several nations through as best we can. We are in debt for his humanity and UNESCO and other international agencies and for his scientific life. universities. He was curator of the Scripps Institu- tion’s zooplankton collections-the most exten- Edward Brinton 6 IN MEMORIAM CalCOFl Rep., Vol. XXIX. I9XX Reuben Lasker 1930-1988 Reuben Lasker has left us, and it will not be easy to fill the gap in our lives or in our science. Born 58 years ago in New York, and proud of it, he came a long way in a tragically short life. The drive and single-mindedness he brought to his research in no way diminished him as a warm colleague and friend. He spoke ill of nobody, and where others might have seen the work of colleagues as compe- tition, he delighted in their success and took every opportunity to assist their careers and research. From postgraduate studies at Stanford, Reuben Lasker followed a consistent search for generali- zation in the energy balance of small organisms. Starting with studies of the nitrogen balance of in- sects (Lepisrna) whoseht is dominated by cellu- lose, he transferred his interest rapidly to the metabolism of marine invertebrates after his re- cruitment to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries laboratories on Point Loma in 1958. His studies of the energy budgets of clupeids in relation to their potential planktonic food supply have deservedly become classics, and they soon led him on to what was to occupy him until his death: the physiological and ecological factors determining year-class on larvae is likely to be more critical than lack of strength in pelagic fish. Reuben Lasker most unu- food, and his studies with Kurt Lillelund broke sually combined the skills of an experimental phys- new ground in this field. iologist with those of a biological oceanographer, Undoubtedly, “Lasker events,” quiet periods and it was this combination that led him in 1975 to when the coastal sea stratifies and the food organ- formulate the first comprehensive hypothesis for