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Home , Trithemis, Trithemis annulata, Trithemis arteriosa

North-Western Journal of Zoology 2020, vol.16 (2) - Correspondence: Notes 237

Key words: Orthotylinae, Phylinae, Deraeocorinae, Bryocorinae, Kurdistan Province,

Article No: e207203 Received: 12. December 2019 / Accepted: 22. April 2020 Available online: 30. April 2020 / Printed: December 2020

Saadi MOHAMMADI, Reza HOSSEINI* and Jalil HAJIZADEH

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. P.O. Box: 41635–1314. * Corresponding author, R. Hosseini, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839)

(: ) in Hungary: Figure 1. Teneral female Red-veined Dropwing ( arteriosa) in can aquarium trade speed up the area Pécs, SW Hungary. The photo was taken at night by cellphone expansion of Mediterranean species? using flashlight.

As a consequence of climate change, many species approximately 13-hour long journey, the plants were placed expand their distribution range northwards, for example in a garden pond where potential food sources (e.g. chiron- some predominantly African species appeared and estab- omid and culicid larvae) were available for larvae. Unfortu- lished in the Mediterranean region, and Mediterranean spe- nately, the exuvium of the emerged specimen was not taken. cies became more or less widespread in the central and After the recognition of the species the pond was searched northern parts of Europe (Ott 2010, Boudot & Kalkman 2015, for dragonfly larvae, but only those of Libellula depressa Lin- Dijkstra et al. 2020). These processes can be enhanced by an- naeus, 1758, a common European and Hungarian species thropogenic influences, for example man-made water bodies with large body size, were found. as suitable habitats (e.g. Obregón-Romero et al. 2013, Stille et is widespread in Africa, occurring in al. 2014, Uboni et al. 2015) or introduction by different hu- the eastern Mediterranean Region (, southern coast- man activities, especially aquarium trading (e.g. Laister et al. line of and some Greek islands) too, and slowly ex- 2014). tends its range westwards and northwards (Dijkstra et al. The international aquarium trade can play an important 2020). Trithemis arteriosa is usually encountered in and near a role in introducing non-indigenous Odonata species to Eu- wide variety of sunny, slow-flowing and standing, perma- rope, since eggs or larvae are often attached to traded aquat- nent or intermittent aquatic habitats, including streams, riv- ic plants. In the case of exotic species, this way of introduc- ers, lakes, marshes, irrigation canals and ditches. The species tion is not ecologically relevant, because they are not able to reproduces mostly in permanent water, but its rapid devel- establish viable populations in the wild due to climatic con- opment allows it to reproduce in temporary ones as well ditions (Laister et al. 2014). Species can be introduced to any (Suhling & Martens 2007, Boudot & Kalkman 2015). Trithe- parts of Europe via aquarium trade from the Mediterranean mis arteriosa can tolerate biotope variability and can adapt to region as well, e.g. as Orthetrum chrysostigma was introduced unfavourable conditions, e.g. they can tolerate arid envi- to Germany (Seehausen 2018). The changing aquatic habitats ronments (known as one of the „ of the desert”) due to global warming might provide with appropriate habi- as well as lower temperature (Damm & Hadrys 2012, van tats for these species even in the temperate regions of the Schalkwyk et al. 2014). This may partly explain its success as continent (Ott 2010), so the establishment of these species one of Africa’s most common and widespread species, and can not be excluded even in areas that are far from their orig- its northward range expansion during recent decades. inal distribution. The Odonata fauna of Hungary consists of 65 species At the end of October 2020, the authors received a photo (Ambrus et al. 2018). In the last years some dragonfly species of a dragonfly for identification. The photo was taken in Au- with southern origin appeared in the country, e.g. Eryth- gust 2020 in a small private garden pond in the city of Pécs, romma lindenii (Selys, 1840) (Móra & Farkas 2015) and Southwest Hungary. The specimen (Fig. 1) was identified (Palisot de Beauvois, 1807) (Farkas 2017), according to Dijkstra et al. (2020) as a teneral female of Red- which suggests that the global climate change affects the veined Dropwing, Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839), Hungarian dragonfly fauna too. These species expand their which species has never been recorded before in Hungary or range northwards in natural ways and human activities in the Carpathian Basin biogeographical region. The new oc- might not play an important role in these processes. In con- currence of T. arteriosa in Hungary is very far from the trast, T. arteriosa has been introduced to Hungary via aquar- known distributional area, suggesting that the species did ium trade, and most probably the species has not been yet not appear naturally here. The eggs or larvae were possibly able to establish wild populations in the Carpathian Basin. transported from Cyprus to Hungary with aquatic plants Accordingly, the species cannot be regarded as a member of (water lilies, Nymphaea 'Cypriana') in January 2020. After an the Hungarian fauna. However, the species is able to estab-

238 North-Western Journal of Zoology 2020, vol.16 (2) - Correspondence: Notes lish stable populations after its appearance (Kalfayan & Article No: e207204 Krieg-Jacquier 2018) and can adapt to colder climate (van Received: 07. November 2020 / Accepted: 11. December 2020 Available online: 15. December 2020 / Printed: December 2020 Schalkwyk et al. 2014). Some details of the Hungarian occur- rence and general biology of T. arteriosa suggest that its es- tablishment is possible, e.g. eggs or larvae could survive the Arnold MÓRA* and Khouloud SEBTEOUI circumstances of travelling in winter (i.e. they can tolerate low temperature at least temporarily); larvae could develop Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6., Pécs, Hungary. to adults in an open waterbody under Hungarian climatic * Corresponding author, Móra, E-mail: [email protected] conditions (i.e. possible mating and reproduction); larvae could live together with those of an other large-sized drag- onfly species (i.e. co-occurrence with a potential competitor and/or predator). As a conclusion, the occurrence of T. arte- An account of bacterial–induced luminescence riosa in the Carpathian Basin draws the attention to the fact that, in certain conditions, the combined effects of climate in the Ponto-Caspian amphipod Pontogam- change and human activities might speed up the range ex- marus maeoticus (Sowinskyi, 1894), with an pansion of species. overview of amphipod bioluminescence

Acknowledgement. AM was supported by the Higher Education Bioluminescence is encountered among various phyla of liv- Institutional Excellence Programme of the Ministry of Human ing organisms and is prevalent especially in the ocean, Capacities in Hungary, within the framework of the 20765- 3/2018/FEKUTSTRAT. KS was supported by Stipendium where it serves in food location, mate attraction and defence Hungaricum Scholarship. Authors would like to thank András against predators (Widder 2010). Within the subphylum Ambrus and Faz Enes for confirmation of species identification, and Crustacea it has been reported in several groups such as os- Gábor Zoltán Tarján for improving the quality of the picture. tracods, copepods, amphipods, mysids, euphausiaceans and decapods (Herring 1985). In amphipods, bioluminescence References was observed in relatively few species, mainly in marine Ambrus, A., Danyik, T., Kovács, T., Olajos, P. (2018): Handbook on Dragonflies and Damselflies of Hungary. Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum – habitats. Its causes are diverse and it manifests itself under Herman Ottó Intézet, Budapest. [in Hungarian] various patterns and colours (Bowlby et al. 1991; Bowman Boudot, J.P., Kalkman, V.J. (eds.) (2015): Atlas of the European dragonflies and 1967; Herring 1967; Parker 1999). In the case of the family damselflies. KNNV Publishing, The Netherlands. Damm, S., Hadrys, H. (2012): A dragonfly in the desert: genetic pathways of the Gammaridae it has been reported only in the ma- widespread Trithemis arteriosa (Odonata: Libellulidae) suggest male-biased rine/brackish water species Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, dispersal. Organism Diversity & Evolution 12: 267-279. 1931) (Petrus 1993). Here we report the second documented Dijkstra, K.D.B., Schröter, A., Lewington, R. (2020): Field guide to the dragonflies of Britain and Europe. Second edition. Bloomsbury Publishing, occurrence of bioluminescence in a brackish water amphi- London. pod, as well as the second occurrence of the phenomenon in Farkas, S. (2017): Occurrence of Trithemis annulata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1807) in gammarids. Hungary. Folia Historico-naturalia Musei Matraensis 41: 9-10. [in

Hungarian] Kalfayan, M, Krieg-Jacquier, R. (2018): First records of Trithemis arteriosa and Light-emitting amphipods were observed at two different dates and Brachytron pratense on the island of Samos, (Odonata: Anisoptera). locations (30 km apart) on the shores of the Black Sea, close to the Notulae Odonatologicae 9(1): 31-36. river mouths of the Danube, SE Romania (September 9, 2018, beach Laister, G., Lehmann, G., Martens, A. (2014): Exotic Odonata in Europe. in Sfântu Gheorghe village, 44°53'29.7"N 29°37'20.2"E; July 9, 2019, Odonatologica 43(1/2): 125-135. beach in Sulina town, 45°08'32.0"N 29°40'57.2"E). The were Móra, A., Farkas, A. (2015): First records of Erythromma lindenii (Selys, 1840) detected during the night in shallow water. Specimens were ob- from Hungary (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Notulae Odonatologicae 8(6): served in 5 ml plastic tubes or Petri dishes. In both cases several doz- 169-175. Obregón-Romero, R., Cano-Villegas, F.J., Tamajón-Gómez, R., López-Tirado, J. en animals where preserved in 96% ethanol and identified using the (2013): First records of Sélys, 1891 (Odonata, Libellulidae) in keys in Cărăuşu et al. (1955). Photographs were taken with a tripod- the provinces of Ciudad Real and Huelva, and new records in the province mounted Canon EOS 1300D DSLR camera with a Canon EF-S 18- of Badajoz (Spain). Boletín de la Sociedad Andaluza de Entomología 22: 88- 55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II lens under the following settings: F-stop at 5.6, 93. [in Spanish] 30 seconds exposure time and ISO speed at 100. We also performed a Ott, J. (2010): Dragonflies and climatic changes - recent trends in Germany and literature review to provide a list of unambiguous records of biolu- Europe. BioRisk 5: 253-286. Seehausen, M. (2018): Orthetrum chrysostigma, the first predominantly African minescent taxa and to explore the phylogenetic breadth of the phe- dragonfly species, introduced to a European country via aquarium trade nomenon in the Amphipoda. (Odonata: Libellulidae). Notulae Odonatologicae 9(1): 6-10. Stille, M., Stille, B., Schröter, A. (2014): Lindenia tetraphylla – new for the island The amphipods were observed to emit a constant greenish of Kérkira (Corfu), Greece (Odonata: Gomphidae). Notulae Odonatologicae glow which was roughly uniformly spread across the entire 8: 86-90. Suhling, F., Martens, A. (2007): Dragonflies and Damselflies of . body, although some parts were more radiant (Fig. 1). Indi- Gamsberg Macmillan Publisher, Windhoek, Namibia. viduals emitted the same colour hue regardless of sex or ma- Uboni, C., Nadalon, G., Schröter, A. (2015): Evidence of breeding of Se- turity, with varying intensity from individual to individual. lysiothemis nigra in the regions of Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto, northeastern (Odonata: Libellulidae). Notulae Odonatologicae 8: 128- The animals were sluggish and some were dying during the 136. observations. Additionally, die-outs were indeed observed van Schalkwyk, J., Samways, M.J., Pryke, J.S. (2014) Winter survival by on the beach in Sulina. All individuals belonged to the dragonfly adults in the Cape Floristic Region. International Journal of Odonatology 17(1): 17-30. Ponto-Caspian endemic amphipod Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894). Key words: climate change, introduced species, Red-veined Drop- Our literature review indicates that bioluminescence was wing, Carpathian Basin, dragonfly. reported in 39 amphipod species (10 out of 223 families and