ECOR 958
F ie of e ibrary
St te Co ege of Wash1·~()n THE RECORD The main emphasis in the work of the Fri nds of the Li brary this past year bas been on soliciting manuscripts of his torical value from pioneers or their descendants, businessmen, legislatOrs, judges, educators, literary or art figures, and ci ic leaders of all rypes. WSC alumni have responded particularly well to this appeal, as would be expeaed, and have added a number of items of general as well as local significance.
Manuscripts Received Mr. John D. McCallum of New York, WSC student in the 1940's, who has written That Kelly Family, The Tiger Wore Spikes (a biography of Ty Cobb), and other popular books, deposited in our Library this faU the manuscripts of the cwo biographies named and has graciously agreed to donate later the correspondence he accumulated in connection with the research don for his ritings. Colonel Arthur O. a1 h of San los, California, ex '16, ga e to the Library WSC mementoes which he and other members of his amily had kept. They include an 1899 Chinook (the first issue), belonging to his sister May Belle, early commeocement programs, photographs of the campus and students and newspaper clippings on sports and other college activities from 1899 to 1917. Mr. George P. Barkhuff of LewistOo, Idaho, donated to the Library WSC materials belonging to his brother, the late W. D. Barkhuff, the editor of the first student newspaper, begun in 1892, called the College Record. The collection includes photographs of early Pullman as well as ones of the campus. One which is unique, as far as the Library staff knows, is of General Wyler hanging in effigy from a telephone pole on Pullman's am street on May 5 1898. The
1 townspeople were v ry angry be ause h had cablish d what Jam E. Bale ex '56, ga e to the Library copies of amounted to concentra 'on camps during the Cuban rebellion. phorographs rak n y Joe Hartmann of Zortman, Montana, Another interesting item is an engraving showin lf of freighting sc nes of bull and horse teams during the Washington Territory, some time during the 1880's, with th; n:llni.ng days of the 1 90's. Accompanying descriptions by various buildings and a Ii t of the business firms in operation. Mr. Haronann gi e added information as to the locale and Mr. Alfred 1. Palmer of Imlay evada, '28, gave to rechruqu s of hauling freight, largely ro mines. the Library manuscripts and books pertaining to WSC from James Bradley '53, donated a ped copy of a ballad 1900 to 1914 and to Seattle in the early 1900's. Ther are written by Mrs. Susan E. Hay from notes made while cro ing photographs of Searrle and a file of newspaper clippings on the plains in 1852 and a copy of a History of Farmington, Pacific Northwest history. Washitlgton, written by Mrs. B. C. Cameron. Mr. Norman McClure '51, pr nted to the Library the Mrs. Estella Rodman, Librarian, and Mrs. C. J. Rhode, personal papers of his late foster parents, Mr. and Mrs. Assistant Librarian, of the Colville Public Library generously Stephen Avard of Clarkston, Washington, consisting of books, allow d the WSC Library to make a erifax copy of Stephens photographs, lerrers souvenirs, and genealogical data, largely County Fifty Yean Ago y Thomas Graham, a typed from the early 1900's. The phOtographs are particularly useful compilation of articles published originally by Mr. Graham in for Pacific Northwest history since they sho agricultural, the Colville Examiner in 1928-29. A fire in the newspaper railroading, and mining scenes in various parts of Idaho and offices destroyed those file, however, so that only a few Washington. Many of them were taken by R. D. Simonton, scattered copies remained, and in the intervening years most Mrs. Avard's stepfath r, who was agent for many years for of them ha e disappeared. Therefore, it is a rare item and one the Northern Pacific Railroad at Hope, Spalding, and other of the most valuable documents on the history of the Colville northern Idaho towns. country inasmuch as Mr. Graham listed the first settlers along Mrs. Harold Blinn (Kathryn Gilbert, WSC student during the alIa alla- ill Road from the south end of Stevens the 1940's) gave to the Library an ori inal lerrer, handwrirren County norch to the Columbia River, giving the location of in 1872 by W. F. Hickman to Mrs. Blinn's gran parents, Mr. each claim and as much his ry as possible about each family. and Mrs. John S. Gilbert of Ash Grove, Illinois. Mr. Hickman Happenings connect d with these individuals or the locations had come to Washington Territory from Ash Grove and by are told in a delightful manner, making the document a prized 18 2 was raising sheep in Union Flat, Whitman County. The item from an artistic as well as a historical standpoint. letter giv a detailed account of driving over 400 sheep from rs. Mary Jamieson of Colvill add d to our northeastern the Willamerre Valley to a pasture near the junction of the Washington acquisitions by allowing the Library to make Palouse and nake ri ers and has additional figures on prices copies of acricl s which she wrote concerning pioneer da in received for wool, the cost of the sheep, and the profit made. Colvill , one of which is a charming e say, "The Upper Mr. W. P. Gilbe t, Mrs. Blinn's father who also serrIed in Columbia alley," which she wrote as a young woman in Whitman County, made a copy of tb lerrer, identifying names 1915, six years after she came to Rice, Washington, from and places mentioned. Glasgow Scotland. Ah Tai, a Chinese miner who remained in
2 / 3 the Col ill country and became a favorite member of the van'ous aspectS of Indian. culture make this collection very community, is the subject of a sketch by Mrs. Jamieson, one helpful to students who are interested in Indian affairs. by lawrence McNamee, and a letter from Thomas Graham to Mr. O. P. Ricketts of Pullman gave the library permission Mrs. Jamieson. It gives the Archives staff something of the to copy a pioneer narrative written by his aunt, Mrs. Mary satisfaction which comes from fitting a jig-saw puzzle rogether Ricketts MossIer, wh came to Colton, ashington Territory, when a number of manuscripts regarding the same locality in 1880 as a little girl. She has written a delightful account of reach the Library almost simultaneously. They help to make ioneer life in the Palouse country. Mr. Ricketts has also gi en the picture of a region dearer and more complete. ;he library extensive genealogical data on the Clark and Davis The response of a number of literary figures outside of families and business ledgers kept by Mr. W. 1. Clark of WSC alumni to our appeal for manuscript material has been Pomeroy, W. T., during the 1880's. very gratifying. Allis McKay, the author of They Came to a Mrs. George Converse of aHa Walla added to the River and Goodbye, SlImmer, distinguished novels portraying Winans Collection a photograph of Chief Kamiakin which has two generations of a pioneer family in the Wenatchee area, the date 1864 citten on the back. For a description of the deposited background material for them in the library. She Winans Collection, see The Record for 1956. also gave the manuscript for one chapter of They Came to a Mr. W. J. Countryman gave a photograph of a Civil War River, which she had kept as a memento of the book, and captain and a drawing of his horse which carried him thro~gh correspondence with various people concerning the authenticity the war and on to the Pacific orrhwest. An accompanylOg of incidents or details of everyday life of that period. Other manuscript tells of the experiences of the cwo and of the love authors have agreed ro send similar docum nts in the future. of th Captain for his horse, which was so great that when. the Manuscripts of literary or hisrorical works are valuable to a latter died, his master had four of his teeth preserved 10 a research library, not only for their autograph character, but for museum. their evidence as ro th development of the writer's craft; and Miss Marion Dreamer of Shepherd, Michigan, has presented letters from pioneers or their descendants in which they try to to the library from time to time mat rial about various Indian recreate a particular incid fit or ro picture for themselves the tribes. This year she ent an 1890 photograph of Sioux Indians manner in which a meal was prepared in the early days or a and a manuscript legend, "Sweet Voice and Her Four Brothers." house built or countless other activities perform d often Mrs. W. M. Hudleson of Pullman gave a commercial mention details which one gets no place else. photograph album showing scenes along the route of the Professor Paul E. Baker of Boise Junior College, who wrote Northern Pacific Railroad. She and her husband bought the The Forgotten Kutenai, gave the library the manuscript of album in 1900 on their way here from the Middle West. that book with the accompanying correspondence incident Mr. John Schultheis of Colton, Washington, lent a diary to the research connected with it. Again, facts about our of a journey by oxream from St. Goud, Minnesota, to Portland, present-day government program for Indian tribes of the Oregon, in 1867, kept by H. lueg of which the library made Inland Empire, reminiscences of Indians regarding the eulrore which they knew as children, and ephemeral publications on a contoura copy.
4 5 II -
Miss Margar t Meinhardt gave to th Library a first edition officer during the First arid War. His interest in nautical (1834) of a Steil r Hand Atlas; an 18 7 German-French matters, howe er, dates back t his boyhood; and his naval ~ dictionary; nd an 181 Latin-French dicciona , which ar library was gradually built up during th gr t r part of valuable both for th ir content and for their rariry. his life. The final r ult is rather impressive - over 300 It is obvious that photographs of localities or ev nts of the 'olumes cov ring a wi range of material: tandard annual I arly da s are among the mo t useful manuscript materials publications bound volumes of riodicals, histories of naval pres nted to the library. History students an oEcen learn details ~'arfare, biographies of naval leaders personal accounts of I from a picrure which re never recorded in writing. Such naval wars nd b ttles, official ublications, novels of war at information on occupational pursuits is ery scarce. Therefore sea. among our mOst prized items are picrures of lumbering, An interesting example of the reference material r pre II farming, fishing, railr a ing, and similar acti iti s. In this sented is T. A. Brass y's aval Annual, published in England. connection, steamboating is of special interest to many ople, The volumes found here begin with the 1886 number and and the library has a number of picrures of our early river extend without breaks through 1947. This series in itself forms i \ boats. Mrs. C. A. Hall and h r mother, Mrs. C. A. Martin an impressive history of the navies of the world. Brassey's I both of Newport, Washingron, a number of years ago started work is in the first place, a register, profusely illustrated, of uch collections with a group of photographs of steamboats the ships of all the major navies. Besides these listings, the I which ran on the P ad Oreille River. The Avard Collection volumes devot. a major roportion of their space to articles also contains a few photographs of steamboats on the Snake concerned with technical developments in naval construction I River. If any of our readers have similar early pictures of and naval warfare. A random sampling of articles turns up steamboating or other occupational activities, the library would "The Progress of Foreign Navies" "Precision of Fire Attainable 11 appreciate very much having them either now or when the in Action II "Na at Manoevers," "The Russian Navy." In 1920 II owners have finished with them. Brassey's extends its scope to b come Brasse 's Naval and I Shipping Annttal. A similar but more extensive specialized register is Jane's Fighting Ships, hich ate mpts to describe The George F. Jewett Naval Collection every fj hting ship of every major navy, and to furnish picrures of every type and class of ve el. The collection contains III I NELSON A. A LT volumes of Jane's from 191 to 1945. Associate Professor of English Another "stan ard" set is the United States aval Institute The sea and its men-of-war have always fascinated large Proceedings, a monthly p riodical publish by the United number~ of otherwise land-bound readers. This fascination is States Naval Institute at Annapolis and preserved here in reflected in a valuabl collection of books and picrures recendy bound annual ohunes, from 1919 to 1956. Articles in the presented to the library by Mrs. reF. Jewett. The late Proceedings are sometimes r chnical but are often of interest Mr. Jewett, th original collector of the material, a long-time to the general reader. Sample titles from the 1919 volume: friend and benefactor of the State llege, served as a Navy "Afterwards!" "Some Exploits of the Old Dutch Navy," "A
6 7 I Ii I rinkle' to Save Time in avigation," "Accurate Trajectories the 1 avy for 186 . This publication contains a wealth of by Mechanical Integration." information in th form of first-hand battle r ports ranging Of the histories, orison's History of United States aval from the avy's support of neral Sherman's advance to the Operations in W orld War II is the most recent. The series is naval blockade of the Gulf tat . Here, too, one may find not yet completed, bue all nine of the volumes which have been such informacion a com lete list of all Confederate prizes published are h reo . is a detailed and exciting account seized by the a during the ar. The Report for 1862 is written by an outstanding American historian who manages even more inter ring. It includes the etary's account of to maintain a proper pers ctive even though he rites n t the Navy's successful o.rperiment with th first ironclad ship, as Samuel Eliot orison, Jonathan Trumbull Professor of the Monitor, and its familiar battle with its Confederate American History at Harvard, bur as Morison, S. E., Captain, counterpart, as well as the battle reports from officers giving US pecially commi sioned to prepare this "semi-official" their official statements about ·s and other important account. Among sev ral specialized accounts of the Navy's engagem nts. actions during this conflict, twO ochers stand out: Theodore Biographies and memoirs are well represented. An old Roscoe's United States Submarine Actions in World War II, favorite heads the list of sample titles: A Sailor's Log: published by the United States aval Institute (949), and Recollections of Fort'Y Years of avaJ Life (1901), by the a similar work by the same author (1953) outlining destroyer colorful and controversial Robley D. ["Fighting Bob"] Evans. actions. oteworthy tOO, are Thorn Beyer's The American Battleship As one familiar with na al history might expect, A. T. atld Life i1J the Nat''Y (1906); M. MacDermoc Crawford's The Mahan is w II represented. His Life of elson is here, along Sailor Whom En,gland Feared [John Paul Jones] (no date); with his several basic orks on the influence of sea power upon Charles S. Foltz's Sttrgeon of the Seas: The Life of Surgeon history. A more technical work, Na al Strategy, offers vidence Getleral lonathan f. Foltz (1931); Elton M. or' on's of Mr. Jewett's early interest in his subject. It is inscribed on Admiral Sims and the 10dem American Navy (1942). the flyleaf as a gift to r. Jewett from his father. The date, Th llection also includes a good many works on foreign 1911, shows that at fifteen, Mr. jewett's interest in na I fleets and battles. icolas lado's The Battle of th Sea of matters was already highly professional. Along with nine Japan 1906 is perhaps typical, as are Vladimir menoH's volumes of Mahan are several one-volume histories of the The Battle of Tsu-Shima (1902 and his Rasplata (The United States Navy. Reckoning) (1913). Two issues of a Gennan naval annual Of special historical interest are copies of the Official aval give the interested reader Germany's official view of its a Register for 1859, 1861-1864, 1865, and 1866. These list all and naval problems at the outbreak of orld War I. Two officers who fought with the Navy during the Civil ar, their olumes, those for 1912 and 1913 appear here. lahrbuch fur commands or stations current avy laws, pay scales, and other Deutschland's Seeinteressen, published under the general title matters of first-hand historical importance relating to the "auticus. organization of the Navy throughout the Civil War. Another The picture collection which supplements the library is volume of similar interest is the Report of the eeretary of remarkable both for its size and its scope. It consists of sev ral
8 9 thousand photographs of warships from every portion of ( its annual meeting in March 1914, on "Old Fort Okanogan the globe. Though several large albums contain mounted and th Okanogan Trail." The address was subsequently photo~raphs, the bulk of the pictures are unmounted and published in the Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. X. , o. unclassified. Most of the pictures are "post-card" size photo 1 pp. 1-38. In this article he stated the thesis which has made graphs of warships which begin, roughly, with the age of st a notable contribution to Pacilic orthwest historical scholar (and the development of photography) and xtend to the ship - a recognition of the importanc of the norch-south Second World War. Representative pictures of warships from line of communication into the Oregon country, what Judge the time of the Civil War to the 1940's can be found, but the Brown calls the "Fur Trader's Troug " along the "Caril)Qo greater number are from the 1900-1918 period. For the Trail" from Canada through the Okanogan Valley to the specialized researcher this collection of books and pictures Columbia. Formerly, scholars emphasized the importance of brings together a good deal of rather hard-to-locate material; the east-west travel routes to such an extent that the north-south for the interested browser or student it offers a wealth of line was ignored and its part in the development of the fascinating history. Pacific Northwest minimized until the picture was distorted. lucile McDonald paid a tribute to his knowledge of regional history and to his civic contributions in an acrricle in the Seattle Times for Sunday, August 21, 1955. Research by FOL Members In 1911 Judge Brown published a monograph, Early A growing number of the members of the Friends of the Okanogan History, and in 1950 another, Law Business and library are people doing research on Pacific Northwest History Lawyers of Okanogan and Ferry Counties. At the present time. who have no connection ith a college - ranchers, bankers, he is working On a revision of the earlier book which will lawyers - who use their study as a hobby, but a sufficiently contain the tremendous amount of additional data which he serious one that their ritings command respect in scholarly has coIl ned since 1911. as well as popular circles. In connection with bis research, he has built up an Judge William C. Brown of Okanogan is an example of extensive library of manuscript material- letters, notes of a local historian whose kno ledge of regional history is interviews, photographs of Indians (including Ones of Chief xuemely impressive. As a young lawyer, he came from Joseph while he was on the Colville Reservation) and early Minnesota to the Pacific coast in 1897 and during the next white settlers as well as local scenes, newspaper clippings, twO years was engaged in mining pursuits from Old Mexico essays on various phases of the region's history and pioneer on the south to the Yukon districts in Alaska on the north. reminiscences by the nati es and early white residents. He practiced law at Republic from 1899 to 1905 when he President French and the library administrative officials moved into the neighboring county of Okanogan where he has were ovetjoyed to receive a letter from Judge Brown recently been living at all times since. stating that he had made formal arrangements for his His first historical riting to attract scholarly attention was ~nuscript collection to come e enrnally to WSc. Th se papers the address which he gave to the Oregon Historical aet}' WIll be a significant contribution to the historical source
10 11 materials in the Library and will mak the manus ipt holdings active suppOrt from its beginning. In addition, he gave to the on Plateau Indians an impressive group. C Library his own manuscript collection of letters, notes, The College officials have expressed to Judge Brown eir :tod articles which comprise one of our most useful groups of gratification at his aCtion and hope that it will encourage doc ents plus the pa rs of his father, G. B. Kuykendall, others among our distinguished Pacific orthwest citizens to blch c nsist of a large amount of genealogical material, follow his e ample. There have been so many instances h re correspondence, photographs, and reminiscences of his exper irreplaceable manuscript materials have been burned by the iences as a doctor at Fort Simcoe and later at Pomeroy. Since famili of a coll or that the Friends of the Library organiza Judge Kuykendall's death, Mrs. Kuykendall has added to this tion is making a detennioed effort to persuade owners of colleetion his files of letters, manuscripts, and notes which he source materials to provide for their ultimate pr ervation. bad retained to assist him in the research which he continued Judge E. V. Kuykendall of Pomeroy, whose death occurred to the last. These manuscript collections will remain as a during the preparation of this brochure, had been the outstand perpetual memorial to the careful industry, intelligence, and ing Pacific Northwest scholar of southeastern Washington for insight of Judge Kuykendall who found in the intensive study half a century in addition to being a distinguished judge and of the history of his own area not a scattered antiquarianism, c1t1zen. bue a cohesive reconstruction of a way of life which typified In connection with his study of Pacific Northwest history. our entire frontier. he travelled from Pomeroy throughout the surrounding country rs. Van B. Putnam of Inchelium has also done a service interviewing Indians and early white settlers for their versions of untold value to students of Pacific Northwest history by of the many controversial points concerning the relationship systematically gathering every scrap of published information of the Nez Perces to the Lewis and Clark expedition; the true concerning the early ferries and bridges of the Inland Empire role of Sacajawea in the survey; the incidents of the fur-trade and by adding to it oral statements from everybody possible era; the Yakima and Nez Perce ars; and later white settle who knew any part of the area in the early days. Such a topic ment. H did accurate and painstaking research intO publish has ramifications, of course, into practically every phase of sources also, and from this wealth of material, he began a Our regional history, so that Mrs. Putnam has built up a r gular column for the eddy newspapers of his area. These tremendous fund of knowledge and an important collection of wer lat r compi! d and publi hed as Historical Glimpses of manus ript material. Asotin COtJ1Jt'j. Recently, he ublish d his own Memoirs which he has worked with handicaps which would have defeated is also a valuable historical item. Students of Pacific Northwest a person of less drive and sense of mission. For months during a History value particularly the meticulous examination which bad winter, she is isolated on the family ranch, and even in good he made of the various versions of the Steptoe expedition. weather, most of her research has to be done by correspondence For many years Judge Kuykendall has been a vital factor Or personal contact in northeastern Washington. The blow in stimulating interest in the preservation of historical source which would have been final to most other people was that mat rials, and for that reason, he welcomed the formation of her home burned a few years ago, destroying some priceless the Friends of the Library organization to which he gave doeuments and the index to her voluminous notes. Like Carlyle,
12 13 however, she went imm 'ately to work to replace what was time, h is President of the Eastern Washington Historical possible and is indexing allover again. Society and a member of the Board of Curators of the In spite of th e difficulties, Mrs. Putnam has pu lished ashington State Historical Society. articles in the "Inland Empire Magazine" of the Spokesman He is such a Constant contributOr to Pacific Northwest Re ie1U and elsewhere, and at the present time i writing a riodicals, particularly to the "Inland Empire Magazine" of column for the ;Republic News-Miner under the title "Ferry the unda Spokesman-Review, that pIe automatically turn Vignettes" and is also writing a monthly article for the local to it now to see what stimulating contribution Mr. Ferris has high school paper, the Hornet, called "Who's Who in Inche to mak for the current week. His topics cover a wide range, lium," in which she is trying to provide the young Indian also. For example, a random check for 1956 reveals the students with something to be proud of in their ancestry. following articles by him in the "Inland Empire Magazine": Some of Mrs. Putnam's publications are: "Rickey's Venture "Bankers of the Gold Dust Days in Idaho Camps and Spokane," is Important to County's History" the Colville Statesman March 4; "Exciting Days of Civil War Years at Colorful Fort Examiner, December 28, 1951; "The End of Red Mountain Colville," May 13; "The Spokane Mammoth, one of the Great Bridge," "Inland Empire Magazine," Spokesman-Revie1/J, June Prehistoric Creatures," July 8; "A Gallant Man, Gen. George 24, 1951; "What Happened to Richard and Alfred Fry," W right," September 2; "New Library Rises at Whitman," "Inland Empire Magazine," July 11, 1954; "Kewa: Bac1.-woods September 23. His present rate of publication is even greater, It May Be, but Modern in Spirit," "Inland Empire Magazine," both in the "Inland Empire Magazine" and in scholarly journals. September 11, 1955. A n example of the latter, in January, 1957 (Vol. 48, No.1, Mrs. Putnam has been of direct aid to the WSC Library, too, pp. 13-16), an article, "Ranald MacDonald, the Sailor Boy in that she has urged the owners of manuscripts of historical Who Visited Japan," by Mr. Ferris appeared in the Pacific interest to preserve them in the WSC Library or in some other . orthwest Quarterly. institution of their choice, and she has vouched for the good Another person associated with the Friends of the Library faith of the WSC Library staff in promising to return original who is very much interested in Pacific Northwest history is items lent to the Library for copying. Most of the collections :Mr. Tom Oakshott, an attorney in Colville, who is also a listed as received from people in northeastern Washington this Direaor of the Eastern Washington Historical Society. Two past year have come at her instigation. The Library regards her recent articles by him are: "Koo-Koo-Sint and Red Hair and as a "Friend' 'indeed. Jaco" (an account of David Thompson's 1810-11 journey to The most prolific of the FOL historians is Me. Joel E. Ferris, the Pacific), "Inland Empire Magazine" of the Spokesman Chairman of the Spokane and Eastern Bank, who has been a Ret'iew, June 30, 195 , and "Pinkney City - Colville, A Direaor of the Friends of the Library since its inception in Century of Judges; How the Law Progressed in Stevens 1938 and was President for a number of terms. His interest in County," "Inland Em ire Magazine," January 26, 1958. Pacific Northwest history is of long standing, and he has been The amateur histOrians mentioned so far saw their local of great assistance to the libraries and mus ums of the entire areas when they were still semi-pioneer communities. There region in helping them collea source materials. At the present are a number of Pacific Northwest history students, however,
14 15 whose enthusiasm for the subject does not come from first-hand and fact, as the well-worn saYlOg goes, often IS more knowledge because of their youth. One is Mr. Ted Van Arsdol, fascinating than fiction." on the staff of the Columbia Basin News in Pasco. His specific field of interest is mining in the Pacific Northwest, but this leads him, of course, into many other topics. Samples of his articles are: "Only Traces Remain of orthwest's Gold Rush" in the Columbia Basin News and "Selah Old-Timer Ranged The Chinook Jargon Cattle in the 1870's" in the "Inland Empire Magazine" for DONALD W. BUSHAW November 1, 1953. Assistant Professor of Mathematics There are other local history enthusiasts among the Captain James Cook's stay on the west coast of Vancouver members of the Friends of the Library who have not tried to Island in the spring of 1778 was not only the first event of publish articles or books on the Pacific Northwest, but who the fur trade in the Pacific Northwest and therefore, in a very have acted as catalysts in inspiring others to do so through their real sense, the first event in the history of the Pacific Northwest own love of the subject. An example of such a person is Mr. itself; it also planted the seed of a language. In his Voyages, Cull White of Ephrata. Mr. White has known northern published a few years later, Cook told the world that furs were Washington as a rancher for many years, and his warm, to be had at Nootka Sound (as he had named it); that the outgoing nature has made countless friends for him all over natives, whom he had found friendly, would accept cheap the area. He is such an eager listener that our remairUng articles of iron and steel in payment; and that the furs sold pioneers are moved to reminisce for his benefit, and by this well at Camon. The world didn't wait to be told again. The means he has gathered a wealth of detail from the days of early droves of traders who visited Nootka Sound in the decades that settlement. He has been a devoted supporter of local historical followed were also indebted to Cook for the long vocabulary societies and pioneer organizations, and no Pacific Northwest of the local language which had been published as an appendix history meeting seems complete without his presence. He has to the Voyages. It was far from being a scientific account of the been of great help to the WSC Library in locating pioneer language - Cook and his vocabularist did not even notice that narratives and other manuscript material, and he has transcribed the language was highly inflected, Cook merely complaining much of the historical data which have come his way. In a that "... they seem to take so great a latitude in their way recent column by Mr. Bill Bani in the Spokesman-Review, he of speaking, that I have sometimes observed four or five omments apropos of a letter sent to him by Mr. White: different terminations of the same word" - but it was useful, "Take just a few brief, surfac -skimming dips into the history and later mariners gratefully compiled supplements. of this orthwest, and you begin to think Hollywood is missing The supply of good furs at Nootka Sound was nevertheless a lot of bets by paying big man y for 'western' scripts. All l.im.ited. and by the turn of the century the focus of the Pacific they'd have to do would be to interview a few people - C 11 Northwest trade as shifting southward, to the mouth of the White or Gale Mathews, for two - and they'd be set for Columbia. The traders, unencumbered with subtlety in linguistic years. What's more, their material would be based on history, matters, naively supposed that the language that had served 16 17 so well on Vancouver Island would not fail them in the new of California, Nevada, Idaho, and Alaska. "But Oregon," wrote territory, though the languages spoken by the tribes with which the Montana pioneer Granville Stuart in 1865, "is the place to they now began to deal were in fact not only completely hear the 'Chinnook' in all its glory; it has 'played' the English different from that spoken at ootka Sound, but belonged language 'square out' in that land of rain, fir-trees, 'cloochmans,' to quite different language families. The traders apparently and 'camus;' it is talked by all the inhabitants big and little, persisted in their attachment to the Nootka language as they old and young. In travelling through this 'illahe' it is necessary knew it, however, and they were eventually understood. Out to have a Chinnook dictionary in your pocket or an interpreter. of this genial misunderstanding, with the trader on the one Young men and maidens do their courting in this lovely hand and the Indian on the other each probably supposing that language." he was speaking the other's language, the new language began The vocabulary of "this lovely language" reflected its to take shape. The basic Nootka vocabulary was filled out, and origins. Words for concepts of most urgent interest to the partially displaced, by additions from English and from the traders tended to be those left from the old Nootka substratum. various languages spoken on or near the lower Columbia, w~rds taken ~rom English were typically those for things anI; especially Chinook. Later still, the French-speaking voyageurs, shghtly less unportant, or new to the Indians; the original who were employed in large numbers by all of the fur-trading Chinook, and neighboring languages, contributed the largest companies and lived on terms of exceptional intimacy with the part of the vocabulary, including all pronouns, numerals, words Indians, contributed a number of French words, as well as a for colors, and the like; and words of French origin referred, few words that they had picked up from Indians of the northern for the most part, to horsemanship, agriculture, domestic interior. rechnology, and religion. A few words of the Jargon have nor As early as 1805 Lewis and Clark found the new language been traced back to other languages, and may have originated in use at the mouth of the Columbia, although they seem not with it. Altogether, upwards of a thousand words were in the to have recognized it for what it was. Clark, for instance, Jargon at one time or another, but less than half that number wrote of the demand of the Indians around Fort Clatsop for would probably have been a respectable vocabulary for an " 'ti--a-co-mo-shack' which is Chief beads and the most common individual speaker. blue beads, but fiew of which we have at this time." Ti-a (more The grammar of the language was loose and sparse. usually written tyee) was the Nootka word for 'chief,' while Grammatical distinctions were made by means of word order co-mo-shack is recognizable as the Chinook word for 'beads'; intonation, and gesture; except for the plural forms of a fe~ and the juxtaposition of these two words betokens the existence, no s, following the English pattern - and this was a fairly in at least a rudimentary form of the new language. late development - there were no inflections. Because of the By 1840 the new language had attained a fairly stable leanness of the vocabulary, the expression of aU but the mosr form, and was becoming known as the Chinook Jargon. By ordinary ideas required laborate circumlocution, sometimes by the 1860's, when the use of the Jargon must have been near means of. more or less standard compounds, sometimes by its peak, it was commonplace throughout the region covered m.eans of ~prom~tu ingenuity. When the British and Foreign by Washington, Oregon, southern British Columbia, and parts Bible SocIety publIshed a Jargon version of the Gospel of St.
18 19 Mark in 1912, 111 pages were needed. The same point is illustrated more picturesquely by the artist and explorer Frederick Whymper who, writing in 1868 tOld of a "dignitary of the Church on (the British Columbia] coast, who began an address to the Indians with 'Children of the forest,' but was rather disgusted to find his interpreter could only render it, Hyu tenass man copa stick - 'Many little men among the sticks (or stumps) !' " Despite its role as an effective international language, the Jargon had dialects. In the North, for example, the word papoose was a regular element of the vocabulary, but it was seldom used on the Columbia. The word for 'good' was usually pronounced tlosh or klosh around Puget Sound and northward, tlos or klos farther south. The existence of the two forms in each region exemplifies another Jargon phenomenon, the fact Ph cographs of Vnited Stace ship of the line frolll che George that the form of the language depended not only on the place F Jewett Naval C Hection. Abo\'e, che U.S.. Ranger, a gunboat where it was spoken, but also on the native language of the built in 1876, displacing 1 2 con', an capable f a speed of 10 speaker. The tl- forms were preferred by the Indians, the kl knot.. Below, the de troyer, .S.S. 'hirk, launched in 19J8, di placing 1215 con and with a maximum speed of 35 knots. forms by the English-speaking users of the Jargon. This dual treatment of this consonant (or consonant-cluster) ran all through the language. Likewise, the usual word for 'if' was spoz among the English-speaking, pus among the Indians. In spite of these difficulties, such as they were, the Chinook Jargon succeeded very w 11 in bridging the deep linguistic gaps that would otherwise have separated the many ethnic groups in the region, and it might have continued to do so for a much longer time (as Pidgin English has done in its province) if the English-speaking population had not so rapidly attained a great numerical preponderance over the other groups. Not only did occasions for traffic between settler and native become increasingly rare, but it became increasingly natural to speak English when these occasions did occur. A factor that accelerated the decline of the Jargon was its tOtal lack of prestige. The Indians themselves contemned it,
20 HALCYO DAYS IN PORT TOWNSEND
the loss'll ao omen tbat a conftagution will destroy their oonlrj'. HURLOTHRUl11BO: and all iobabi~ot:s mast ~rish. Amidst coostertLlcion ao 01 WOm;I.Q wails: OR, T II E "Oke-oke ttn-ass kol-tas boo boo Sull-iks pilton mahsb Ko-pah pi-ah kkt koll-a-kolly by-ad" cbah-ko Is-karn ten-ass 10-10 sok-a-Iy SUP E R - TAT URA L. Ai-kie by-a pi-ab o-ptt ha -I Ten-ass l:Iy-1 mab-muk meb-yt-ch«. Ko-pet mit-lit si-wash ill-a-btl!. Kon-o-way klax-~h b}'-a55 klah-how-yum As it is Ad: J At tl e Kab-hwah pilton kon- - ay rill-i-kum Hi-yu wab-wah cha-ko meb-ut-cM. Mary wails: "Kttl-a-pie ten-ass k -pah ny-lab NEW-THEAT EJ Keel-a-pie ten-ass ny-lah ticky Kftl-a-pie ko-pab my-lah mab-mah Ko-ptt ren-ll'I kloshe ko-pab ny-kab:' TilE Choras: "Pi-ah ryee 10-10 ok-a-Iy Koa-o-way klootcb-man hi-yo boo hoo HAT-MARl(ET. Sick tum-tam kon-o-way till-i-kum UII-tah de-latA? hy-ass klah-how-yum:' Sampson propo ro propitiate evil spirits by performance of llile rah-maa-oD$ and sacrifice of dogs and cbildun. '" r!ucn I.>y Mo~s silence~ him an commands decorow condoct saying: "Wilb m' hunting dog I will go into the forest aad recover tht Mr. SA ..\lL E L J 0 H.i rSO ]1[, hild," and he departs. f om (.!JeJbirt. SCENE The grassy plat with sounding board in pia",; villagerJ squatted in groaps. In the absence of M~ they perform tht kJale tab-man-ous: Twelve men with club raaged along the sounding board but re S011S ofFire, rcad tnl' HVP.LOTHR lJ MBO, upon it. wbile in a oud voice they ulter incantations. the words of whi h are unintelligible: at the same ime the women all bowling. Tum it uet':J:.:ixt Jour l-illgtr tti::I) our Thl/muo, Sampson lups upon the sounding board. and all noise is .Alldbeirl,g quite ollfdo}1l!,be qjt'fejITl!ckdJlmto. hashed. ix young men With faas painted ntd execute the Drlil dance. Tbis is a frantic performance witbout concerr f movtmenrs. con sisting entinly of shakiog, wriggling. body contorcions. whirling and leaping. When the daaars are exbausted. the pounding. incantations and LOT DO bowling are repeated. Sr.ENE 6 Printed for T. ,Y TTO:-, at th~!l!!.,'(;.'I-[!f.. d In dense forest: a large rock jutting over tbe bank of a :a and 'Ton: D72,;,tl" and H l' C K B U ... !l, •• t mountain stteam: an ugle's nest in a cavern beneath the rock. J. ' Moses. being familiar with the coanrry. knew tbe location of the Si/i, in I· r!.:-,ftr((I, M.Dee.xxlx. the eagle's nest. It W'll aboat five miles distant from the village. but no parh led to it. He expected to find the baby there. and did
page from C. H. Hanford's Halcyon Days i1l PorI Tou'me1/d Title page of Hurlolbrumbo. one of the eighteenth-century containing aria of the opera Keel-A-Pi in Chinook Jargon. play texts in (he State liege Library. THE TO~ OF ASOTIN CO lTV SEAT OF ~OTl.' COUNTY 1'1 THE TERRlTOJUAL lEAR, 1953. partly because they recognized in it a radically truncated The town ot A.ootin lbe eoonty aeal or A!oJ. Grew. The fiRt !air wilb ~wboy breU!uul, offspring of their own vastly richer languages, and partly tID Counly baa uperienoed lillie ebllDl'I' ill rurnished rreo to ell """"'''' ....as beld MKy 6. l'
fJ A page from Hi.\foric Glimpses of Asotin COUllt)'. TVashillgt.o , 21 by Judge E. V. Kuykendall. with varying density over the entire region where it was spoken. degree of permanence and stability sufficient to justify their The literary remains of the Jargon are slender. Largest in ~Dg called genuine languages, but this tOO has h~ ppened bulk is the religious literature: most of the early missionaries more oft n than is generally supposed. In North Amenca west to the Pacific Northwest, Catholic and Protestant alike, made of the Re><:lci ,not go farther afield, there have been wide use of the Jargon, and pub' hed numerous Chinook observ at least ten such languages. But of these, and over a Jargon catechisms, hymnals, tracts, and parts of the Bible. far wider range, the Chinook Jargon is by far the most In the category of folklore and ethnography, the Jargon was fully documented specimen, and thus provides one of the best useful to anthropologists as a means of communicating with available bases for a better understanding of the processes informants from whom they colleaed texts in the aboriginal involved in the creation, evolution, and application of languages languages, but in the Jargon itself only a few dozen tales and of its rype. songs have been published. The words of one of these songs, It may perhaps be said that the principal attraction of noted by the anthropologist Franz Boas at Viaoria in the the study of languages depends on their humanistic appeal. 1880's, may serve as a specimen of both the genre and the Languages are not colorless and lifeless vehicles of information language itself: and emotion; they ricWy reflea the cultures of those who speak them and, according to one school of modern students of Naika nanitch Johnny tlatowa language, even go a long way in determining the categories Pe naika t1tmtt~m yeke mitlait house. Naika haias pelton tttmtum kakoa. within which cultural groups collectively organize experience. I had seen Johnny go, For these reasons among others, anthropologists have long since And I thought he was home. recognized the importance of studying the linguistic along with I was very foolish to think so. other aspects of a culture, be it "primitive" or "civilized." (The words naika 'I,' tlatoU'a 'go,' yeke 'he,' mitlait 'be at,' Contemporary anthropologists, however, are increasingly and haias 'very' are from Chinook. Nanitch 'see' and kakoa concerned not with cultures as disparate entities (an unrealistic 'so' are from Nootka. Pe 'and' is from the French pttis. Pelton concept from the outset) but with inter- and cross-cultural 'foolish' was the surname of a young American who was the ph nomena. If language is a clue to the culture with which it only survivor of a massacre by Blackfeet, wandered among the is ociated, however, the idea immediately suggests itself that Snake Indians for about three years, and was finally found cross-cultural languages like the Chinook Jargon might well by the members of Astor's overland party and taken to Fort serve as clues to nonlinguistic cross-cultural phenomena of Astoria in 1811; by this time he was insane. The origin of great interest; and some studies have been made along these tumtum 'think' or 'feel' is uncertain, but the word is generally lines. To be sure, the effectiveness of the trade languages in this suppo ed to r present the beating of the heart.) capacity will depend on the extent to which they are ell The phenomenon of men of different linguistic back understood - not merely as regards broad outlines, but m grounds compromising on a rudimentary language ad uate matters of detail, including the ways in which the language for the Deeds of the moment has been observed frequently. varied with variations in the time, place, social and economic It is less often that the products of these compromises attain status, race, and other relevant attributes of the indi idual
22 23 own Pacific Northwest Collection, the Library has obtained speaker. Knowledge of this kind will add a dimension t roost of the major published sources of information about the anyone's understanding of the early history of the Pacifi~ Jargon. Examples are so numerous as to baffle selection. It is Northwest, .whether . his interests be primarily sociological, interesting, however, to note that over a third of the acquisitions anthropologiCal, or historical in character. (from Friends of the Library funds) announced in the last is It must be admitted that our present understanding of the sue of The Record are interesting from the Jargon standpoint. ~inook. Jargon falls far short of the degree of comprehen Hanford's Halcyon Days i1~ Port Townsend} for instance, SIveness Just suggested. The principal difficulty lies in the fact contains a lawyer's address, in Chinook Jargon, to a jury, and ~h~t although the Chinook Jargon is rather !ull')I documented, the libretto of an "opera" several arias of which are in the It IS not well documented. The men to whom we are indebted same language. There is, of course, room for improvement; the for what we know of the Jargon in its heyday were traders explorer~, ~nd ~issionaries, trainin~ library does not have twO of the most important nineteenth only rarely equipped with century monographs on the Jargon, one by Horatio Hale or SOphlStlCatlOn in linguistic matters, and possessing an (published in 1846) and that by George Gibbs (1863). On extremely pragmatic attitude towards the whole subject. With a the positive side again, the Library has both English editions fe:- exceptions, their descriptions of the language are encrusted (1831 and 1832) and the sole American edition (1832), .erro~s WIth and ambiguities of all kinds, and a sufficiently as well as a recent popularization (1950), of Ross Cox's plauslble Idea of the language as it was in their time will be Adventures on the Colttmbia, which contains the first published obtained o~ly by making a thorough, careful, and imaginative word-list of the Jargon. ~econs~Ct1on on the basis of all the hints and scraps of hatever one may think of the importance of the Jargon illformauon that can be pried from their pages. as a fit object of study, it thus provides yet another example of This in turn implies that the existence of large collections a subjeer whose interests are well served by the continued of books and manuscripts of the appropriate kinds will be of growth and enrichment of the State College of Washington th~ utmost value in advancing this line of inquiry. Fortunately, Library. WIth a few exceptions on each side, the collection that is suitable for Chinook Jargon study is simply the collection that is suitable for the study of the Pacific Northwest, in its earlier The Play's the Thing peri~, in general. The Jargon is so uniformly woven into the fabnc of early Pacific Northwest history that a document of EMMETT 1. AVERY general val~e in t~e area can hardly fail to shed light on Professor of English the Jargon ill partlCular. To round out a Pacific Northwest Anyone who has ever examined a collection of English colleerion from the Jargon standpoint it is necessary only to plays which were published mor than 200 years ago knows add as many as possible of the monographs and pamphlets that they offer a reader an insight into the customs of the devoted exclusively to the Jargon. London stage as well as reading texts of the dramas. Unlike In. these. respects the Library of the State College of the printed versions of today's New York or London successes, WashlOgton 15 in good case. In the process of developing its 25 24 an eight nth-century edition teUs a great deal about the delightful and informative reading, for they help us to performance itself: the beha ior of the spectators, their verdier reconstruct the pening night and the suspenseful wait by the on the play, th cast, the author's appeal to his contemporaries author to see how long his play could run. If it as bearable or to posterity to give it a fine round of applause. co a first-night audience, the drama would usually reach a third The Library of the State llege of Washington is fortunate night, when the waiting author received all the box-office in possessing some 175 contemporary editions of plays firSt receipts over and above the house charges; if it reached a sixth acted between 1660 and 1750. Nearly all of these volumes night, he had a second benefit; and if his play was genuinely have been purchased within the past thirty years, and many successful, he got a third benefit on the ninth night. These were bought with funds generously gi en by Paul Kies, three benefits, with the addition of whatever fee the publisher Professor Emeritus of English, in memory of his parents gave him for the copyright and those unpredictable windfalls Theophilus and Mary Kies. As many of these plays become ( ir Richard Steele, for example, got 500 guineas from the steadily scarcer they, of course, gain in monetary value; bur King after Steele dedicated The Comcious Lov rs to His it is their usefulness to literary study and research that makes Majesty), were the financial rewards of the playwright. They them of importance to our Library. could range from practically nothing to a thousand pounds. First, let us take a look at some of the riches a printed Obviously, the playwright waited through an age of anxiety eighteenth-century play offers us. It naturally contains the as he stood back stage on the night of the premiere, searching text of the play, but because the drama was not ordinarily for the reactions of a motley of spectators crowded into boxes, published until two to four weeks after the premiere, the pit, lower and upper galleries, and perhaps standing nearby on author included a good deal of auxiliary material. For example, the stage itself. As the Prologue to The Country Lasses (1715) he might place in it a Dedication, for this was still the putS it, the author day when a writer hoped to gain the assistance (financial, if Acqilllincs you that he stands behind the Scenes possible) of a noble lord. He might well include a Preface, in And uembles for the Foundling of his Brains. which he more often than not justified his theme, technique. In a copy of Theophilus Cibber's The Lover (1731), which he and wisdom, especially if its reception had had a cool tone. dedicated to his wife, Mrs. Jane Cibber, who played the Almost without fail he would print the Prologue and the heroine, Cibber, an actor also, reports on his first night: Epilogue which had been spoken before and following the play proper; and if his friends had been so gracious as to send Yet so extended are the Liberties of Great Britain, that three or four rude People have it in their Power, more prologues than he could use or had fa ored him with a to insult three or four Hundred Persons of Qilllliry, by poem celebrating his becoming a playwright, he could hardly disturbing their publick Diversion with Impunity. resist printing them also. If by some chance he had printed the This was so much my Case, that I began to Despair the first Night of ever seeing this poor Play acred a play through advance subscriptions, the list of subscribers could Second Time; yer stiu. through all the Tumult, Your not be omitted. By long custom, he also printed a list of the tender Terrors wrought so visibly upon the more gen characters and the names of the actors who played them. erous Parr of the Audience, that whatever Life it has to come, I shall judge i tirely owing to the Pity that It is these accompaniments to the text which make arose from Your Personal Concern.
26 27 a.udience, as that for Mary Pix' The Czar of Muscovy (170 1) If a playwright did not have for his leading actress a woman whose power ir would be foolish to underestimate, he might implies: be tormented by the inadequacy of the cast, as was the poor And I, a acri£ice, before am sent, Your Vengeance on the Poet to prevent. author of The Female Fop (1723), who at the close of the play was informed by "some Gentlemen who sat in the Pit Be might employ various tactics by which to win spectators, that the Actors Voices were so exceedingly low, and the~ as outlined in the Prologue to Hibernia Freed (1722) Speech so disorder'd, that the Audience could not understand Some usher in their Plays with Keenest Satyr. a third Part of the Play." And by Invectives wou'd Incite Good Nature. But nothing could equal the frustration of the author who Others by mean Submission plead their Cause, hears his play thoroughly damned in its initial run. Drury Lane And by insidious Flanery in pplause. on February 6, 1729, brought out The Village Opera, by And some by Faction, and in Party, strong, Charles Johnson, who had had some earlier success as a Through five dull Acrs their Politicks prolong. dramatist. On the opening night it was begun "but with such Or the author might complain of the prevailing bad. taste of the Hissing and Clapping that the like was never known; for great town yet imply that his audience this night might redeem Numbers of prejudic'd and partial People ... fell a Hissing London's t~te. James Ralph, a friend of Benjamin Franklin, before the Performers utter'd a Word" (Applebee's Original began in this vein in his Prologue to Henry Fielding's The Weekly Journal, February 15, 1729). On the second night the Constables had to be called to eject clamorous spectators Temple Beau (1730) : from the gallery. The third night, the author's benefit, passed Humour and it, in each politer Age, Triumphant rear'd me Trophies of the Stage: noisily, but illness of a performer prevented another perform But only Farce, and She ,will no go down, ance before February 27, 1729: And Harlequin's the Darling of the TOV>TIl. No sooner did poor Colin [one of the characters] But you, my auditors, may prove this wrong by your applause appear upon the Stage, but his Arrival was usher'd in with a Serenade o~ Cat-C~s,. Pe~y-Trumpers, Clubs, to my play. Canes, Hoarse VOICes, whisding m K ys Bells Fists· Having wooed the audience before the curtain rises, the Player~ and Volli,- . of whole Oranges; however: the author ren ws his effort at the end, when an actor steps forth ent on with uncommon Intrepidity. . . . [but the] S~atOrs ... mustered up all the Artillery they could to bid the spectators good night with an Epilogue. Here the pOSSibly la~ hold and mad: such an Uptoar during dramatist may wittily play upon the idea of applause as the the whole mtended Emertamment that it was scarce possible to hear a Word the Aao~ said (Flying Post, true test of a play's merit or appeal to a segment of the March 1, 1729). audience to lead the oth rs to a rroe judgment. Very often this appeal was addressed to the ladies in the boxes, as in the What could the poor author do about all this? The printed Epilogue to one of the most curious plays ever written, copies of the plays record two devices by which he might hope Hurlothrumboj Of, The Super Natural (1729), written by to offset prejudice and secure a favorable reception: the Prologue and the Epilogue. In the Prologue he might woo the Samuel Johnson of Chesire: 29 28 Haodel himseU shall yi Id to HLU:lorhrumbo And,B?ooncini roo shall cry - Succumbo. ' said, "He has written his autobiography in steel and concrete, Thar s If [he ladies condescend co smile constructing dams which will aid the Nation as long as water Their Looks make Sense, or onsense, in Our Isle. ruOS down hill." Before he began work on Coulee, he had al If a~l el failed, the playwright might in his primed v rsion ready built the following major dams: Jackson Lake Dam on carry hIS case to the town. In the Preface be makes an a 1 the South Fork of the oake, at thac time having the fifth from tb: injudicious cuts the manager made argues that the largest reservoir in the world; Arrowrock Dam on the Boise act rs dId not ~ro~r1y read his lines, complains of inadequate River, then the high st dam in the world; American Falls Dam rebearsals, or vlOdlCates his judgment in the handling of th on th Snake River for which the whole town of American ~ plot or climax of play. Here, too, in a Dedication, he rna; Falls, Idaho, had to be moved; Owyhe Dam on the Owyhee call for the .proteaton . of a patron. With great luck, he rnay River of Oregon, the highest dam in the world before Hoover secure permISSIon to dedicate his play to the King or the Dam was built; Thief Valley Dam on Powder River. Q~een, perhaps to the Prince of ales. If not so fortunate, he At the time of his death, Mr. Banks was still called upon WIll seek a statesman, as did Philip Fro de for his Philotas from allover the world as an engineering consultant and was (1731 ) ~ which he inscribed to His Excellency Philip, Earl of Chairman of the Columbia Interstate Compact Commission; ChesterfIeld, Ambassador Extraordinary to the States-General. one of twO American members of a committee of the Inter ~e may even turn to sentimem and dedicate his play to his national Joint Commission to settle the questions arising from wife, as Theophilus Cibber did with The Lo-ver. the joint development of the water resources of the Columbia; AlI of this, and more, too, one can learn from the extaor Chairman of the Water-Management SubcoOlmittee of the copies of the plays of 200 years ago. Although it still remains Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee. true that "the play's the thing," to the stage historian it's the In conneaion with these tremendous projects Me. Banks play, with the cast, Prologue, Epilogue, Dedication Preface collected project reports, field notes, and correspondence which stage directions, that's the thing. " will be of incalculable valu in writing the history of the development of hydroelearic power in the Pacific Northwest Frank A. Banks Papers and to students of all phases of ngineering associated with the use of water-resources. In the next issue of The Record, As this brochure was going to press, the Library offici Is we hall be able to report on the types and extent of the docu ~f and faculty the Institute of Technology were very much ments in the coIleaion and to express to the donors the grati elated to receIve word that the private papers of the late Frank rude of the scientists who will by then be starting to make use A. Banks, the engineer who had charge of the building of of the mat rial. Grand Coulee Dam, had been donated ro the L.ibrary by Mrs. Banks and their son, John V. Banks. In Memoriam ~1r. Banks joined the Bureau of Reclamation in 1906, The Friends of the Library organization has suffered a d 10 1950 when he retired as District Manager for the Colum great loss this year in the death of two of its distinguished bia River District, Oscar 1. Chapman, Secretary of the Iorerior, members-Mr. George F. Jewett of Spokane, Chairman of
30 / 31 the Board of Directors of Potlatch Forests, Inc., and Judge Board Meeting E. V. Kuyken all of Pomeroy, Judge of the Superior Court for On February 12, 1958, the Directors of the Fri nds of the Garfield, Asotin, and Columbia counties from 1924 to 1950. Library and members of the standing committ es met at noon Mr. Jewett, who was born in 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, for a Lincoln luncheon in the Compton Union Building at cook his bachelor's and master's degrees from Harvard which tim Mr. J. D. Lewis of Pullman gave an informative University in business administration and received an honorary and delightful talk on Lincoln's development as a person and LL.D. degr e from W C .in 1949. He was associated with the traits of his character hich were evidenced in amusing or Potlatch Forests from the time he was a young man, becoming President and then Chairman of the Board. poignant episodes of the Gvil ar years. He and Mrs. J wett, a form r Director of the Friends of At the dose of the talk, the President, Mr. Ernest Henry, the Library and now a member of the Finance Committee, as called the meeting to order and announced the new board one of their many philanthropies, established a large fund for members: Mr. C. R. Armstrong, of Pullman; Mr. John Binns, the use of the WSC Library in purchasing an adequate supply of Tacoma; Mrs. Wilson Compton, of New York; and Mr. of standard reference books for the use of undergraduates; and w. O. Druffel, of Colton. since th death of her husband, Mrs. Jewett has presented to One project which the Board had been interested in for the Library the largest single group of manuscripts received some time is the publication of a descriptive catalogue of the this year - the Jewett Naval History Collection, an extensive 1. V. McWhorter papers, prepared by Professor Nelson Ault of group of books and photographs which are described by the WSC English Department. The McWhorter Collection, Professor e1son A. Ault in thi issue of The Record. . which has been described in previous issues of The Record, is Judge Kuykendall was the outstanding Pacific Northwest one of the largest and most useful of the manuscript groups scholar of southeastern Washington for hali a cenmry in in the SC Library, and a calendar indicating the nature of addition to being a distinguished judge and citizen. the individual items will be f great assistance to Pacific North He was born in 1870 in Oakland, Oregon, and moved to west history students, particularly those interested in the Plateau Fort Simcoe as a boy where his father, who as a physician Indians. for the u.s. Bureau of Indian Affairs, turned the attention of At the business meeting, it was proposed that the calendar his son to local history and his sympathy to the Indian's plight and the IntrOduction in which Professor Ault gives valuable in that story. In 1882 his family moved to Pomeroy where he biographical and historical informacion concerning Mr. Mc li ed thereafter. In 1924 he became superior court judge in Whorter and his writings be published in consecutive install which position he continued until 1950 when he retired. His ments in Research Studies, a scholarly journal published by study of Pacific Northwest history became a serious work to WSc. The late :Mr. Virgil McWhorter, Mr. 1. V. Mc or him, and his meritorious contributions in that field are descri ter's son, left some money coward the publication of such a in another section of this brochure along with the important calendar, and the FOL Directors passed a motion to add to collection of family papers donated by Judge Kuykendall to thar a sum nor to exceed 300 to complete the financing of the the WSC Library. publication. ince the business meeting, Professor Fred Dud
32 33 1 y of the WSC English Department, who is Editor of R.e Libraries at WSC, ill be glad to send such a letter if he is se4Tch Studies and a Director of Friends of the library, has asked to do so. present d the matter to the Editorial Board of R se4rch Studies Professor Herman Deutsch of the WSC History Depart which h approved the publication as indicat d. Eventually, Dlen t reported on the purchase of photostats or other types reprints of all the parts will be bound together in a single of photodupli ated records which he had made from money olume. allocated to him previously for that purpose and said that they Members of the Friends of the library have at varia represent an important means of increasing our holdings in times given money to establi h funds from which purchases of areas where we ann t secure the original ocuments. The books may be made for the C library, the two active ones Board voted to set aside 200 to continue the purchase of any at the present time being the Holland Fund, given in memory pbocoduplicated copies of documents pertinent to our holdings. of the late President E. O. Holland and the Wilmer Fund. Election of officers followed. Mr. Henry announced that set up by the late F. J. Wilmer for the purchase of Pacific he could not serve longer as President because he has recently Northwest books. The library staff has f It in need of having moved to Portland which is so far away that he cannot a policy defined by the Board as to the type of book to conveniently come to me rings. Mr. W. O. Druffel was then be secured with this money and the Directors agreed by elected President by unanimous vote. The meeting was then consent that in the purchase of Pacific Northwest books from adjourned after a commendation of Mr. Henry for his devoted earmarked donations rare books necessary to the collection be service to the organization. gi en preference over ones extant in considerable quantity but that the term "rar " be interpr ted to mean nOt only old books but current ones as well which may be difficult to obtain in a few years. Advice was sought in connection with means of locating o ners of manuscripts of historical value, and it was suggested that this matt r be brought to the attention of the members of the Friends of the Lbrary in this publication. Therefore, the Board auld like to ask everybody to be on the alert for any diaries, correspondence of early settlers, business ledgers or account books, photographs, early issues of local newspapers. or other documents thea ing light on the development of the Pa iIic orthwest which are not preserved in some library or museum. If any member would like to have a letter of solicitation go to the owner of such manuscripts, asking him to donate them to the WSC library or to some other reputable insticution of his choice, Dr. G. Donald Smith, Director of
34 35 FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARY Bernard E. Bobb, PulLnan John P. Spielman, Pullman Board of Directors, 1958 B. R. B rtramson, Pullman Term Expir s ovember, 1960 Royal D. Sloan, Pullman . O. Druffel, Colton (President) C. R. msrrong, 611 Michigan venue, Pullman Fin.mce Committee John H. Binns, 806 ashington Buil mg, Tacoma Fred C. Forrest, Pullman, Chairman
1 s. Wilson M. Compton 10 Mitchell Place, ew York Lauren h !ton, Pullman City Joel E. Ferris, pokane Term Expires November) 1959 Fr Newman, Veradale Mrs. Ralph Sundquist, 1716 West Yakima Avenue, Yakima Mrs. G. F. Jewett, Spokane Adolph Hecht, 306 Derby Street, Pullman Miss rgia Jacobs, Pullman Ern sr E. Henry, 80 Tide and Trust Building, 321 S.W. \V. O. Druffel, Colton Fourth A enue, Portland 4 Membership Committee Sidn y G. Hack r, 600 Michigan Avenue, Pullman Howard Hughes, Pullman, Chairman Term Expires ovember 1958 Adol h Hecht, Pullman Joel E. Ferris, Spokane and Easrern Bank, Spo "ane C. 1. Hix, Pullman C. 1. Barker, 305 Ash Srreet Pullman C. R. Armstrong, Pullman Fr d A. Dudley, 1821 Lake Streer, Pullman John Nagle, Pullman ilfr E. ewman, Easr 16316 Valley ay, Veradale iss Margu rire Wilmer, Pullman Ex Officio Ernesr E. Henry, Portland Lauren Shelton, Treasurer, 406 Derby Street, Pullman J. D. Lewis Pullman G. Donald Smith, Secretary, 324 Sunset Dri e, Pullma Pttblications and Editorial Committee Allen Miller, 602 Gladstone Street, Pullman Allen Miller, Pullman, Ch irman elson A Ir, Pullman Committees Par McManus, Pullman Acquisitions and Proiects Committee Henry Grosshans, Pullman Herman J. Deutsch, Pullman, Chairman Fred Dudley, Pullman Mrs. Emmett ery, Pullman C. lement French, Pullman Classes of Membership (Fiscal year begins May 15) Annual membership-- 3.00 per year Contributing membership-- 5.00 per year Sustaining membership-- 10.00 per year Patron membership--$25.00 per year Life membership-- 100.00 Memorial membership--more than 100.00