Races Discrimination and Prejudice in the Purge (2013) Film

RACES DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE IN THE PURGE (2013) FILM

A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of English Language and Literature Scholar

IMAM FEBRIAN 1110026000092

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA 2017

APPROVEMENT

RACE DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE IN THE PURGE (2013) FILM

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Strata 1 (S1) Degree

IMAM FEBRIAN

NIM. 1110026000092

Approved by:

Pita Merdeka, M.A.

NIP. 19830117 2011 01 2 009

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

LEGALIZATION

: Imam Febrian

NIM : 1110026000092

Title : Race Discrimination and Prejudice in The Purge (2013) Film

The thesis entitled above has been defended before the Adab and Humanities

Faculty’s Examination Committee on July 12th, 2017 It has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one.

Jakarta, July 12th, 2017

Examination Committee

Signature Date

Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. (Chair Person) NIP. 19640710 199303 1 006 ______

Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. (Secretary) NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002 ______

Pita Merdeka, M.A. (Advisor) NIP. 19830117 2011 01 2 009 ______

Maria Ulfa, M.A, M.Hum. (Examiner I) NIP. 19821219 201503 2 002 ______

Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. (Examiner II) NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002 ______

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this research is my own work and based on the best of my knowledge and belief. This contains neither material previously published or written by another person nor material which substantial, extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, July 2017

Imam Febrian

iii

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, The Especially Merciful

And His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessing upon him)

Firstly, I give thanks to Allah SWT for blessing and guidance, the lord of the universe and the thereafter. I am sure that I cannot do anything without Him.

Then, peace and blessing is upon to our beloved prophet Muhammad SAW, and all of his followers.

Secondly, I would like to say my gratitude to my beloved parents Mr.

Minal and Mrs. Titin Herawati, thank you for giving me inspiration and accomplishing your responsibility as parents as well as possible, and put a priority for the education in family on the top. I love you so much. And also for my sister

Vanesa Primadiyanti and my little brother Kolifa Muhasim, thank you for the inspiration for all things, and thanks for accompanying me to grow up and live together in this family. For big family of Mrs. (Almh) Nemi binti Naim (may

Allah give her the best place in His side), thank you for the help and support. May

Allah always be with our family everywhere we go in this earth. Thirdly, my appreciation in the first place goes to my advisor, Pita Merdeka, M.A, for her time, patience, tolerance, guidance, support, encouragement, and thought in finishing this thesis.

Then, I would like to say my gratitude to:

1. Prof. Dr. Oman Faturrahman, M.Hum, the Dean of Letters and

Humanities Faculty.

2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, the Chairperson of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Departement.

Other best gratitude goes to all my friends, Especially for Ririn, someone special that encourage me to finish this thesis. I also would say many thanks for

PK. Adab & Humaniora, Komaruzzaman, Andreas, Ukhti, Farhan, Isnawati,

Deby, Vidi, Nita, Nenden. Senior and Junior in IMM Ciputat, ToA’s member:

Umar Azhari, Ali Akbar, Ichsan Marsha, Dzawin Nur, Farhan Fuadi, Rizqi, Fuad,

Farhan Syatri, Dini, Sa’diyah, Unaimah, Tsani Arianti, Nisa, Farida, Nurfa.

Happy C Family, Literature class, Muhammadiyah Television, thank you for all the time, support and experience that you often give and share to me. For Lyon

Akbar and Fahmi Oji for giving me suggestions and editing this research, and for

Skripsweet Fighter’s Fahmi Ali, Arif Sutiadi, Purnomo, Beni, Ipin, Tatang, Yani,

Uvi, Ulfah, and Muthi for giving me additional information about this research.

Jakarta, July 2017

Imam Febrian

ABSTRACT

Imam Febrian, Race Discrimination and Prejudice in The Purge (2013) Film, Thesis: English Language and Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah. Jakarta, 2017.

This research studies about The Purge (2013) film directed by James DeMonaco. By using qualitative method and descriptive analysis technique, this research explains conflict between two different races through S. Dale McLemore’s theory of prejudice and discrimination theory. The analysis is aimed to find out how prejudice and discrimination issues and the relationship between prejudice and discrimination is described through theories of Prejudice and Discrimination by analyzing through the characters.

From the analysis, there are several characters involved in act of prejudice and discrimination. After that, it can be concluded that there are two forms of the relationship between prejudice and discrimination. There are prejudice that does not lead into discrimination and prejudice that leads into discrimination.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVEMENT ...... i

LEGALIZATION ...... ii

DECLARATION ...... iii

AKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... iv

ABSTRACT ...... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

A. Background of Study ...... 1

B. Research Focus ...... 5

C. Research Questions ...... 6

D. Research Significance...... 6

E. Research Methodology...... 6

1. Objective of Research...... 6

2. Research Method ...... 7

3. Data Analysis Technique ...... 7

4. Research Instrument ...... 8

5. Unit of Analysis ...... 8

F. Research Time and Place ...... 8

CHAPTER II. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKS ...... 9

A. The Previous Research ……………………………………………… 9

B. Discrimination and Prejudice Theory…………………………...... 10

vii

1. Prejudice…………………………………………………………. 10

2. Discrimination………………………………………………...... 13

C. Character and Characterization Theory…………………………….. 15

1. Characterization through Appearance…………………… 15

2. Characterization through Dialogue………………………. 16

3. Characterization through External Action……………….. 16

4. Characterization through Internal Action………………... 17

5. Characterization through Reactions of Other Characters... 17

6. Characterization through Contrast: Dramatic Foils……… 17

7. Characterization through Caricature and Leimotif………. 18

8. Characterization through Choice of Name………………. 18

9. Stock characters and Stereotypes………………………… 19

10. Static versus Dynamic or Developing Characters………. 19

11. Flat versus Round Characters…………………………... 19

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS……………………………….. 21

A. Character Analysis…...………………………………………….. 21

B. Race Discrimination and Prejudice in The Purge (2013) Film….. 24

C. The Relation of Prejudice and Discrimination………………….. 33

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION………….……………...………………. 36

A. Conclusion.…………………………………………………….. 36

BILIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………... 38

viii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research

Human relationships always occur in an organized social environment, in a family, a group, a community, and in a nation that has developed techniques, categories, rules and values that are relevant to human interaction. Racism is a belief system or doctrine which postulates a hierarchy among various human races or ethnic groups. It may be based on an assumption of inherent biological differences between different ethnic groups that purpose to determine cultural or individual behavior.

Anthropology also supports the idea of racism, such an anthropologist,

Henry Lewis Morgan, supported the idea with his work when creating “scientific” rank of human group that ranged from savagery to barbarism to civilization.

Western societies achieve the rank of civilization, while new groups encountered through exploration and imperialism were placed in the other two categories

(Allport, 1954: 6).

Moreover Henry Lewis Morgan supported the idea that God had ruled and classified his creation (Human) in categories, superior and inferior. The Whites became the superior human and the others were inferior and the inferior had to obey and serve their master (the Whites).

Racial inequalities are the result of the discriminatory treatment of people with minority status. For instance, individuals from historically marginalized racial groups may be perceived as less worthy or less intelligent than those from

2 the majority culture. The presence of racism in educational settings harms everyone but has the most negative and lasting impact on racial minority groups

(Pollock, 2008).

Prejudice and discrimination are complex and huge problems in social phenomena from the past until this time. In classic book, The Nature of Prejudice,

Gordon Allport (1954) who is a social scientist argued that an adequate definition of prejudice must include two essential elements: an attitude of favor or disfavor and overgeneralized, erroneous belief (Whitley, 2006).

Basically, the act of discrimination begins from a prejudice that makes a person or group create a distinction against other individuals or groups. First, we must clearly distinguish discrimination and prejudice. Prejudice refers to opinions or attitudes held by members of one groups towards another. Gordon W. Allport defined prejudice as a feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience (Allport, 1954: 6). Anthony Giddens stated a prejudiced person’s preconceived views are often based on hearsay rather than on direct evidence, and are resistant to change even in the face of new information (Giddens, 2001: 250). This happens because we, humans, are social beings who naturally want to gather with others who are similar to ourselves.

The lack of understanding and treatment to other people who are different from him or his groups are the main reasons why prejudice could happen. In his journal, Louis A. Penner explained that prejudice could be based on group’3s age, occupation, social-class, region of residence, or dozens of other characteristics.

Among of multitude of different kinds of prejudice, the most common is Ethnic

Prejudice (Penner, 2006: 545).

If prejudice represents attitudes and opinions, then discrimination refers to actual behavior against other groups or individuals. In accordance with George A.

Theodorson & Achilles G. Theodorson, discrimination is an unequal treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of some, usually categorical attribute such as race, ethnic, religious, or social-class. The term is used to describe the action of a dominant majority to a weak minority in a relation, therefore this implies an immoral and undemocratic behavior (Theodorson, 1969: 115-116). Nina Osin and Dina Porat defined;

“Discrimination is prohibited by six of the core international human rights documents. The vast majority of the world's states have constitutional or statutory provisions outlawing discrimination. And most philosophical, political, and legal discussions of discrimination proceed on the premise that discrimination is morally wrong and, in a wide range of cases, ought to be legally prohibited.” (Osin, Potrat, 2005).

Discrimination is a social issue that frequently appears as a controversial topic in varied life contexts. It shows a negative attitude toward individuals or groups (institutional). Louis A. Penner described that institutional discrimination occurs when some large organizations (a government, business, or school) engage in practices that are unfair to member of some groups and put them at a disadvantage. Individual and institutional discrimination differ in the respects that mentioned above.

Individual discrimination is carried out by people acting on their own.

Institutional discrimination occurs when an institution makes laws or rules that affect the behavior of large numbers of people (Penner, 2006: 545). Actually, this research is not meant to view further on prejudice and discrimination concepts by sociologist figures mentioned above. Instead, this research will focus on discrimination and prejudice in film.

Since 20th century, prejudice and discrimination issues have often been used as general theme in the film industry. There are so many works that use prejudice and discrimination even though not as a general theme or show it directly, for instance in The Purge film (2013). The dimension of racism is shown in The Purge film in scene when a strange “Black Man” is chased by a posse of killers called “machete-wielding yuppies” which have blonde hair, good education, white skin, and all of those killers are rich kids.

The story begins in the year of 2022. The people that do crime such as violence, rob, murder, etc. increase into high level. In order to reduce criminality,

U.S Government let the people to purge and cleanse their soul from sins. In the purge’s day, the people are permitted to do crime, and all kind of weapons have been authorized for use during the annual purge. After the start of siren, any crime including murder will be legal for 12 hours. Police, fire fighter and emergency medical service will be unavailable from 7pm until 7am.

The setting of this film is at Sandin family’s house with the main character

James Sandin (Ethan Hawke), Mary Sandin (Lena Headey), Zoey Sandin

(Adelaide Kane) as the daughter in sandin’s family, and Charlie Sandin (Max

Burkholder) as the son in sandin’s family. James Sandin is top salesman at the company of home security which has made a lot of money by selling home protection systems that consist of unravel surveillance systems and steel doors that seal doors and windows. James just wants to hunker down and avoid Purge

Night in his home when his own security system has activated and transforms into a house-shaped bank vault.

Mr. Sandin's wares are put to test when his sulking loner son Charlie sympathetically admits a never-identified “Black” stranger into Sandins' home.

Charlie's humanitarian motives do not require much explanation: the Black stranger are wounded and helpless and is also being chased by a group known as posse of machete-wielding yuppies. In this scene, these killers, rich kids, are hunting the “Black” stranger without any reasons, while the leader tries to make sure that Sandin’s family hand the black stranger to their hands. In some conversation, the leader of posse of machete-wielding yuppies are calling the black stranger homeless pig, dirty, a grotesque menace to society and deserve to die in order to purge the society.

Quotation from the leader of the killer’s group statement about “the black stranger” above has a tendency to lead issues of discrimination and prejudice. The relation between discrimination and prejudice have already been shown in The

Purge film (2013) and it is necessary to research it deeply using S. Dale

Mclemore theory about discrimination and prejudice.

B. Focus of the Study

According to the background of the study above, this research focuses on the topic about race discrimination and prejudice issue that are showed in The

Purge film. The research uses theories about discrimination and prejudice by S.

Dale Mclemore, also character and characterization theories by Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Pettrie to support the ideas about the issues. This is meant to give restriction within the research, so the substance of this research will not be distracted by any misconception neither from the writer nor the readers.

C. Research Questions

The writer identifies prejudice and discrimination issue in The Purge (2013) film with the question:

1. How are the issues of prejudice and discrimination described through the

characters?

2. How does the relationship between prejudice and discrimination happen in

The Purge film?

D. Significance of the Research

The Purge Film is fiercely disturbing; not only the language in the film is pervasive but also the film itself exposes brutality. Yet, the film is important to be studied because it shows the linkage of discrimination. Ethnic, racial or skin color discrimination is the main factor that causes the oppression to happen in the film.

In addition to the above mention factor, the other factor that causes the oppression is prejudice toward individual or other groups.

Prejudice has a tendency to disregard objective facts, and it is based on minimum facts that are interpreted subjectively toward individual or other groups from different ethnics, race and skin color, which allow the discrimination to happen. Nowadays, prejudice and discrimination issues remain to be polemics that continuously grow in social life.

The significance of this research is to understand how prejudice and discrimination are described. And also, the writer expects this study can improve the reader’s knowledge about prejudice and discrimination. Moreover, the readers are expected to get some interesting points about racial issues in The Purge film.

E. Methodology of the Research

1. The Objectives of Research

Based on the issues discussed in the background of the study, the

purpose of this research is to describe the issues of prejudice and

discrimination through the characters and the relationship between

prejudice and discrimination that are shown in The Purge (2013) film.

2. The Method of Research

In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method.

Sharan B. Merriam states that qualitative research is an umbrella term covering an array of interpretive techniques which seek to describe, decode, translate, and otherwise come terms with the meaning, not the frequency, of certain more or less naturally occurring phenomena in the social world (Merriam, 2009:13). Neil J. Salkind also mentioned that, in general, qualitative researchers are interested in studying social processes, how people make sense and create meaning, and what their live experiences are like (Salkind, 2010:1159).

So, by using this method, the writer tries to analyze prejudice and discrimination issue in The Purge (2013) film by using character and characterization in film theory by Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Pettrie and S. Dale McLemore theory about prejudice and discrimination.

3. The Technique of Data Analysis

In analyzing the data, the writer uses descriptive analysis technique by implementing the following procedures: gathering the data from several sources; such as film, books, articles, journals, encyclopedia, and browsing from the internet, watching the film in detail and intensively, reading the film script to avoid any misconception about the core of the film, collecting the data by watching film and reading film script.

Therefore, the writer analyzes the data using the writer assessment to find correlation between the data and the questions which will be answered in this research, and the last is summing up the correlation which

will be described specifically as the conclusion of this research to

articulate the answer of the research question.

4. The Instrument of the Research

According Buchari Alma, in the qualitative method the researcher

is the primary instrument for data collection and analysis (Alma, 2010:15).

The instrument of this research is the writer as the researcher to collect the

data, to find the correlation between the data and the research question,

and to answer the research question.

5. The Unit Analysis

The Purge (2013) film is the unit of analysis of this research. The

Purge is a 2013 film directed by director James DeMonaco starring Ethan

Hawke, Lena Headey, Max Burkholder, Adelaide Kane, Edwin Hodge,

and Rhys Wakefield. The film distributed by Universal Pictures.

F. Time and Place

This research is conducted in the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English

Language and Literature Department. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic

University, Jakarta. To mention the time of the research, this research is

begins in the academic year 2016.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. The Previous research

The race discrimination and prejudice had been analyzed by other researchers whether in film or novel. The writer found a research by Maya

Danastri Suastifa, a UIN Jakarta graduate student who analyzed “the representation of racial discrimination in The Help Novel by Kathryn Stockett”.

She used theory about representation and racial discrimination, and she showed the representation of racial discrimination in America in The Help novel written by Katryn Stockett in 2009 and explained that literature may reflect any social aspects, such as socio-economic condition in a society, political, education, culture, history, and religious aspects, even the representation of groups of people.

The writer also found a thesis “Interracial Conflict between Blacks and

Whites in Remember the Titans Film” by Ihsanul Hakim. He focused on the conflict between blacks and whites in the film that rose through three aspects of prejudice and discrimination. Hakim used qualitative descriptive method in his research. The third previous research was a journal “Racism, Prejudice, and

Discrimination” by National Association of School Psychology (NASP). The journal tried to reveal racism, prejudice, and discrimination in school environment and how did the student reduce the influence of social conflict.

The topics about race discrimination and prejudice have been analyzed by a large number of the researchers in the past until this century. As a matter of fact, the society has talked about this the topic recently because lot of case recently

10 happened. Several theories are used to support the research. One of them is the theory of prejudice and discrimination by S. Dale McLemore. However, the prejudice and discrimination theory is also used by the writer to explain the conflict through several characters in The Purge (2013) film who commit prejudice and discrimination.

B. Discrimination and Prejudice Theory

In the previous chapter the writer has mentioned that human relationships always occur in an organized social environment in a family, in a group, in a community, in a nation that has developed techniques, categories, rules and values that are relevant to human interaction. Racism is the overarching societal paradigm that tolerates, accepts, and reinforces racial inequalities, and is associated with racially unequal opportunities for children to learn and thrive. S.

Dale McLemore (1983: 108) explained, firstly, the term of prejudice refers to an attitude or some other similar internal state or dispositions, feelings, or opinions.

The term discrimination in contrast, refers to an over acting. Secondly, although racial and ethnic prejudice and discrimination may involves attitudes and actions that are intended to favor a particular group or its members, these terms refer to actions directed against certain persons. Thirdly, prejudice is usually thought to precede, lie behind, or be the cause of discrimination.

a. Prejudice

Prejudice represents attitudes and opinions. Prejudice refers to opinions or attitudes held by the members of one groups towards another. In accordance with

McLemore (1983: 108), prejudice is an unfavorable attitude toward people

11 because they are members of a particular racial or ethnic group. There are three factors that can affect the prejudice, namely:

Figure 1

Major Direct Causes of Prejudice and Indirect Causes Discrimination (arrows indicate presumed direction of causation) (McLemore, 1983:108)

1. Cultural Transmission

Cultural transmission is a factor which is influenced by the cultural environment. People will naturally learn what is already established in the community. McLemore (1983: 108) defined that, two aspects of a culture are particularly closely related to the extent and kind of prejudice that is found in given society. The first of these has something to do with the shared beliefs that the members of one group have about the members of the other groups in the society. The second has something to do with culture’s prescriptions concerning the degrees of intimacy of “nearness” that one group’s members should permit or desire from any other group’s members.

2. Personality Traits

Personality traits are factors which are related to the frustration - aggression hypothesis. As mentioned by various scholars in McLemore (1983:

116) that frustration always leads to aggression and aggression is always the result

12 of frustration. But, this hypothesis got refinement and revised after a number of studies have been designed, proposed, and tested that aggression could be caused by things other than frustration. Here, McLemore (1983: 117-118) generalized the argument that all people experience various frustrations in their daily lives, that these frustrations give rise to hostile feelings, that the hostile feelings may lead to aggressive behavior, and that the aggression may be aimed at a substitute target.

He explained the frustration-aggression theory points in a different direction.

It assumes that the guilt produced by scapegoating the sense that one may have committed an injustice may be accompanied with the fear that the injured person will retaliate. The combination of guilt and fear now becomes a new source of frustration, and this new source of frustration, like the original source, arouses aggressive feelings. For example racial minorities have afforded a weak and a convenient target also scapegoats for the free-floating aggressions of the majority. In this way, prejudice serves to assist the majority-group members to displace (and possibly to “drain off”) their accumulated feelings without exposing themselves to a high risk of retaliation.

3. Group Identity

This factor explains that members of human groups would be drawn together by a common interest; they simultaneously become distinguished from another group. The ethnocentrism automatically generates prejudice in a group’s member. McLemore (1983: 120) said, in this way, the group’s preference become their preference; its standard, their standard; its beliefs, their beliefs, and its enemies, their enemies. Prejudice is a predictable consequence of this natural ethnocentrism.

b. Discrimination

If prejudice represents attitudes and opinions, then discrimination refers to actual behavior against another group or individual. Discrimination is a social issue that frequently appears as a controversial topic in varied life contexts. It shows a negative attitude toward individuals or groups (institutional). McLemore

(1983: 108) argued that discrimination is an unfavorable action toward people because they are members of a particular racial and ethnic group. It was mentioned before that prejudice may lead to discrimination. But, this process can be reversed. Discrimination by those who are wealthy and powerful may create other group differences which then foster prejudice. There are three factors of discrimination (which also are theories of indirect prejudice):

Figure 2

Major Direct and Indirect Causes of Prejudice and Discrimination

(arrows indicate the presumed direction of causation) (McLemore, 1983:125)

1. Situational Pressure

A number of studies demonstrated that prejudice and discrimination do not necessarily go together. Discrimination may not occur when prejudice is in present, and it may occur when prejudice is absent. In other case, a serious objection is raised to the presumption that prejudice is the cause of discrimination.

People may claim to be unprejudiced, but in fact, discriminate under some conditions; they also show that people may claim to be prejudiced and not discriminate. The specific social pressures arising in particular situations seem, in many instances, to many outweigh personal prejudice as a cause of discrimination. Situational pressures theory is focus on behavior rather than attitudes (McLemore, 1983: 127-129).

However, it also emphasizes the current determinants of behavior rather than those growing out of socialization process. Individuals learn stereotypes and social distance norms; individuals develop personality needs that predispose them more-or-less toward becoming prejudiced; individuals respond to situational pressures and behave in discriminatory ways (McLemore, 1983: 127-129).

2. Group Gains

This theory of discrimination is based on how groups struggled for possession of the land; how the fear of another group would take jobs away.

Those two important resources conflicts between groups led to relatively fixed social arrangements in which the members of the more powerful groups enjoyed greater privilege and higher social standing than those in the less powerful group.

The members of dominant group have discriminated systemically against the members of racial and ethnic groups because the discriminators seem to gain by that (McLemore, 1983: 130-135).

3. Institutional Structure

In this case, we can see that the discrimination that occurs in one institutional setting may carry over into or have side effects on a related institutional setting. Schools, hospitals, factories, banks, and so on do not need to be staffed by prejudiced people in order to achieve discriminatory result. To carry

15 the matter further, a father’s difficult in finding employment may lead his son to drop out of school to go to work. The son, too, may encounter the same employment problems as the father. Both the group-gains theory and the institutional-discrimination theory emphasize that discrimination has important sources other than individual prejudice (McLemore, 1983: 136 - 137).

C. Character and Characterization Theory

According to the research question in the previous chapter; how is the issue of prejudice and discrimination described through the characters? The writer emphasizes theory of prejudice and discrimination by S. Dale McLemore.

However, there is also a theory to strengthen the research question above, character theory. Boggs and Petrie (2000: 50) stated that characters are the most essential human elements in the film. The characters in a story are believable in the same way that the story is believable. The characters should bring a reality impression within the film and convince the viewers to believe that what they see in the film is a reality. Boggs and Petrie defined several techniques of characterizations to portray the characteristics of each character:

1. Characterization through Appearance

In order to give powerful impression from the first minute actors appear on the screen, characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously. Although some actors may be versatile enough to project completely different qualities in different roles, most actors are not. The minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move.

The viewers will directly make assumptions about how character’s personality or character appearances about their facial features, dress, physical build, mannerism and the way they move will be shown as long as the story running in film (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 50).

2. Characterization through Dialogue

The dialogue (what they say and how they say it) of the character in film can reveal the significant detail about themselves. According to Boggs and Petrie

(2000: 50 - 52), their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause patterns of their speech. The grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects (if any) reveal a great deal about the character social and economic level, educational background, and natural processes.

3. Characterization through External Action

It must be assumed, of course, that real characters are more than mere instrument of the plot, that they do what they do for a purpose, out of motives that are consistent with their overall personality. Thus, there should be a clear relationship between a character and his or her actions; the actions should grow naturally out of the character’s personality. If the motivation for character’s action is clearly established, the character and the plot become so closely interwoven that they are impossible to separate, and every action that the character takes in some way reflects the quality of his particular personality. The external action is not only the characters actions which grow naturally out of the character’s personality in the film, but also the action that the characters do beyond their motives or their substance purpose in the film (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 52 - 53).

4. Characterization through Internal Action

Inner action occurs within characters’ minds and emotions and consists of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspiration, memories, fears, and fantasies.

The most obvious way in which the filmmaker reveals inner reality is by taking us visually into the character’s mind so that we see or hear the things that the character imagines, remembers, or thinks about. This may be achieved through a sustained interior view or through fleeting glimpses revealed by means of metaphors. In addition to providing glimpses of the inner action by revealing the sounds and sights the character imagines, sees and hears, the filmmaker may employ tight close-ups on an unusually sensitive and expressive face (reaction shots) or may utilize the musical score for essentially the same purpose. Through internal actions, the character’s unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, which are implied in the sounds and sights the characters imagines, the film maker can reveal the character’s secret within his or her emotion and minds (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 53).

5. Characterization through Reactions of Other Characters

The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about a character is provided through such meanings before the character first appears on the screen.

Through their dialogue and the way they respond to the main character, sometimes the other character have a noteworthy role to define the main character’s personality (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 53).

6. Characterization through Contrast: Dramatic Foils

One of the most effective techniques of characterization is the use of foils

─ contrasting characters whose behaviors, attitudes, opinions, lifestyle, physical appearances, and so on are the opposite of the main characters. The effect is similar to that is achieved by putting black and white together ─ the black appears blacker and the white appears whiter. The passage above means that other characters have contrast characteristics with the main character. Both should affirm the line of the difference between them (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 54).

7. Characterization through Caricature and Leimotif

In order to etch a character quickly and deeply on our minds and memories, actors often exaggerate or distort one or more dominant features or personality traits. This device is called caricature (from technique used in cartooning) (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 54). A similar means of characterization, leimotif, is the repetition of single action, phrase, or idea by a character until it becomes almost a trademark or theme song for that character. Because it essentially exaggerates and emphasizes (through repetition), such a device acts very much like caricature (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 56). In this way, the actor is described with special accents or more exaggerated than the usual.

8. Characterization through Choice of Name

The qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation within the name of a character can help reveal the character personality. One important method of characterization is the use of names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. This technique is known as name typing (Boggs, Petrie,

2000: 57). Another method which is mentioned by Boggs and Petrie for analyzing characters in film is defined into three different types of pairing:

9. Stock characters and Stereotypes

Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession (such as a bartender in a western).

They are in the film simply because the situation demands their presence. They serve as natural part of the setting, much as stage properties like a lamp or chair might function in a play (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 57-58).

Stereotypes, however are character s of somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behavior common to or representative of a large number of people, at least a large number of fictional people. Examples of stereotypes are the rich playboy, the western hero’s sidekick, the pompous banker, and the unmarried aunt(Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 58).

10. Static versus Dynamic or Developing Characters

Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot

(internal, external, or both) and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook in life as a result of the action of the story. The change can be of any type but is significant to the total makeup of the individual undergoing the change (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 58).

Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives (as might generally be the case with her of an action/adventure film). Or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or change (Boggs, Petrie, 2000:

59).

11. Flat versus Round Characters

Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. They often tend to be representative character types rather than real flesh-and-blood human beings (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 60).

Round characters or three-dimensional characters are not inherently superior to flat characters. The terms merely imply how different characters function within the framework of a story (Boggs, Petrie, 2000: 60).

In other words, this utilization of three different types of pairing are used to classify a character and his or her importance and his or her role in the film into a specific definition of a character which is intended to be analyzed.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

In this chapter, the writer would like to analyze based on research question in previous chapter; how does the issue of prejudice and discrimination described through the characters? How does the relationship between prejudice and discrimination happen in The Purge film?

To answer the questions above, the writer watched continuously and analyzed some characters through their dialogue, pictures, and acts that are relevant with main issue that are prejudice and discrimination in The Purge (2013) film by using character and characterization theory by Boggs and Petrie.

Therefore, the correlation between characters acting and dialogue with prejudice and discrimination theory are found.

A. Character Analysis

In The Purge (2013) the issue of prejudice and discrimination are shown through various ethnics of characters, such as White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic.

In this film, almost all white characters are wealthy and have good lives than others.

One of important element in this film is character. James Sandin (Picture

1) and his family namely Mrs Sandin (Picture 2), Zoey Sandin (Picture 3), and

Charlie Sandin (Picture 4) are major characters in The Purge (2013). The story begins with cheerful atmosphere of peaceful family life. Then, the plot thicken and darken by the time uninvited guests and group of killer visit Sandin’s residence.

(Picture 1) (Picture 2)

(Picture 3) (Picture 4)

Aside from major character, there are minor characters in The Purge

(2013). The neighbors of the Sandin’s family are Mrs. Grace, Mr. Cali, Mr. and

Mrs. Halverson belong to a distinguished group of people. At the beginning of the story, they look friendly to the Sandin’s family. It is shown whom Mrs. Grace baked a cake for the Sandin family as a gift. But it all changes at the night of the purge when they provide information to the group killers called machete killer that the person they are looking for, a “black stranger”, sheltered in the Sandin’s house. Close to the end of story, when members of the Sandin’s family were almost killed by machete killers, the neighbors came not to help but to do the purge to the Sandin’s family that all this time they hated so much because of envy and so on.

Other minor character is Henry. He is the boyfriend of Zoey Sandin who is still in middle school. In some scenes, Henry was seen in Zoey’s room. When Mr.

Sandin comes home for the annual purge night with his family, Henry also gets back to his house but he returns to the Sandin’s house to shoot Mr. Sandin for not giving her daughter permission to date him because Henry is older than Zoey.

Gunfire ensued between Mr. Sandin and Henry and as the result Henry blows his last breath.

Other minors characters are the Black Stranger and also Machete Killers group Leader, the leader of the killer group who pursue their prey, the black stranger. After knowing that the person they were looking for was in the Sandin family's home, Machete Killers Leader negotiated with the Sandin’s by discriminating and prejudicing against the Black Stranger. In addition, there is a

Black Stranger as the next minor character. He is the subject why the sandin’s being targeted by group Machete killers who want to do the purge to him.

Then, lot of other characters, such as members of Machete Killers, People who discuss in radio and so on. From all of the characters that mentioned above, some of them will be focus of discussion related to prejudice and discrimination issues whether they are actors; who perform prejudice and act of discrimination, victims; who become victims of what the actors have done. The characters which are related in prejudice and discrimination as actors are Machete killers Leader and his members.

Conversations in a radio listened by Mr. Sandin when going home. Even the television dialogue on the purge night also contains elements of discrimination and prejudice. Furthermore, a number of characters who are related to prejudice and discrimination issues as victims in The Purge (2013) film are Black Stranger and some minority group members.

B. Race Discrimination and Prejudice in The Purge (2013) Film

The Purge (2013) is a film that explains an annual event called purge. This happened because the situation in America is getting worst, all crime such as violence, robbers, murder, etc. increase into high level. In order to reduce criminality, U.S Government let people to purge and cleanse their souls from sins.

In the purge’s day, people are permitted to commit crime, and all kinds of weapons are authorized for use during the annual purge.

After analyzing some characters through their dialogues, pictures, and acts that are relevant with the issue of prejudice and discrimination in the film by using character and characterization theory, in this part, the writer will analyze the issues through theory of prejudice and discrimination by S. Dale McLemore which is divided into cultural transmission, personality traits, and group identity lead to prejudice, and situational pressure, group gains, and institutional structure lead to discrimination.

There are several characters who become actors of prejudice and discrimination, such as Polite Leader, people in the radio and television. From that mentioned characters, they are committed to the act prejudice and discrimination.

First evidence is the people on radio, while Mr. Sandin walking home (Picture 5 and 6). After that, he started listening to the radio before arriving home.

Male Caller on Radio: The poor can't afford to protect themselves. They are the victims tonight.

Male Radio Announcer: We all got our own opinions. That's what makes this country great. Holly, line four. What are your Purge plans?

Holly: Locking down behind my brand new security system.

Male Radio Announcer: Pete from Northern Virginia, what's your Purge plan?

Pete: I'm gonna hunt down my boss. That son of a bit** has it coming.

Male Radio Announcer: Clearly, more people will be Purging this year than ever before. American streets will be running red tonight when people release the beast in record numbers. (00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:42,481)

(Picture 5) (Picture 6) From the dialogue above, it can be described that Male caller on radio is a representation of the people who believe that the targets of the night purge is the poor. This case is included into the characteristics of the prejudice by social-class, it is connected the initial scene where Mr. Sandin, who sells home security appliances for people with sufficient property. If Male Caller stated that the poor has no chance to protect themselves, it means the poor cannot buy some security system in order to protect themselves from the night purge. Louis A. Panner

(Penner, 2006: 545) explained that prejudice could be based on group’s age, occupation, social-class, region of residence, or dozens of other characteristics.

Among of multitude of different kinds of prejudice, the most common is ethnic prejudice. In the conversation, it is not yet obvious if looked at the characteristics of ethnic prejudice, male caller on radio is prejudicial. However, his statement on the radio has been entered into prejudice characteristics of social-class.

What is mentioned in the previous from Male Caller on Radio is to show the difference of social class. But why the poor cannot protect themselves from annual purge and what exactly makes “the rich” can protect themselves better than

“the poor”. Furthermore, this dialog scene can be a picture of the atmosphere of elite residential area that can be representation of the rich:

Grace: Yeah, just what the Halversons needed. More cookies, right? Oh! The new addition you built, it's just amazing.

Mary Sandin: Thank you.

Grace: Not everyone had the year you did, Mary. Mary Sandin: What do you mean?

Grace: You know your husband sold a new security system to almost every home in this community. You know, some people are actually saying this neighborhood paid for that new addition on your home.

Mary Sandin: Are people really saying that?

Grace: Relax, it's just good old neighborhood gossip. Nothing to worry about. You're too sensitive.

Mary Sandin: So, are you having your annual party, Grace?

Grace: No. Too much trouble. We're just gonna lock down, watch some Purge events. Nothing special.

Mary Sandin: Well, um, thank you for the cookies. Good night.

Grace: You're welcome. (00:07:54 - 00:08:46)

(Picture 7) (Picture 8)

(Picture 9) (Picture 10) From the above conversation, it is clear that they are all rich people who have a security system in their house. That is why the social gap in this film can be seen because “he haves” do not have to worry about the presence of night purge. In other that, “the poor” became target because they cannot protect themselves from annual purge.

The second evidence is also about prejudice characteristics of social-class, it shown when the purge night had begun and the Sandin family hunkered down their house as well as the other neighbors. Nothing is special that the Sandins were doing every year in the purge night. The Sandin family not participating in cleaning themselves because they feel they do not have grudge and do not have to do the cleaning. The activities of the Sandin family are stay inside to protect themselves, hunkering down, gathering together and doing their respective activities. While Mr. Sandin finished his selling report while watching the progress of the purge night on television, the television showed a conversation containing prejudice.

Female Anchor: We're looking at some live feeds from around the country and discussing the Purge with criminologist Tommy Aagaard.

Tommy: Thanks, Nicole. Now, is the Purge really about releasing aggression and containing violence, or is it something else? Purge detractors often postulate this evening is actually about the elimination of the poor, the needy, the sick. Those unable to defend themselves. The eradication of the so-called "non-contributing members" of society, ultimately unburdening the economy. Is the Purge really about

money? Either way, crime is down. The economy is flourishing. (00:19:23-00:19:58)

(Picture 11) (Picture 12)

From conversations above, it can be identified from the words of criminologist Tommy Aegaard that annual purge activities are believed by the public for eliminating the poor and the useless for a country that will cause economic growth inhibition. Tommy is the criminologist that makes a lot of survey about criminality and he should be knows about what exactly happen to the society. In fact, he believes that annual purge is for non-contributing members or the poor.

Once again, on scene before does not yet specify the picture of the poor and the useless people in society are like. Before identify further about the prejudice and discrimination aspect by S. Dale Mclemore, the writer try to make sure about the poor are like in this film. In first evidence, the poor is represent by people who cannot protect themselves from annual purge because they are cannot buy security system that used by lot of people elite residence. The second evidence is more specify that the poor is sick, needy and people who called un- contributed in society that deserve to be eliminated.

And the third evidence that clearly described about the poor is come from

Machete Killer Leader when the Black Stranger brought into the house of the

Sandin family by Charlie Sandin who feel sorry for the Black Stranger who ask for help but no one responds (Picture 13 – 14). The entrance of the Black Stranger to the house of the Sandin family, making Machete killers have to negotiate with the Sandin family (Picture 14 – 15):

Machette Killers Leader: ...and Mrs. Sandin. Your home tells me you're good folk, just like us.One of the "haves." And your blue flowers tell me that you support the Purge. We want to treat you fairly, so listen closely. Let me introduce us. We are some fine, young, very educated guys and gals. We have gotten gussied up in our most terrifying guises, as we do every year, ready to violate, annihilate, and cleanse our souls. But things took a turn.

Our target escaped us, and.. Several of your dear neighbors informed us that you, the Sandins, have inexplicably given him sanctuary. Mr. and Mrs., the man you're sheltering is nothing but a dirty, homeless pig. A grotesque menace to our just society, who had the audacity to fight back, killing one of us when we attempted to execute him tonight.

The pig doesn't know his place, and now he needs to be taught a lesson. You need to return him to us. Alive. So that we may Purge as we are entitled. (00:33:29 - 00:34:49)

(Picture 13) (Picture 14)

(Picture 15) (Picture 16)

The statement from Machete Killers Leader about Black Stranger above

“A grotesque menace to our just society..” is connected to second evidence before that Tommy Aagard said that “..Purge detractors often postulate this evening is actually about the elimination of the poor, the needy, the sick. Those unable to defend themselves. The eradication of the so-called "non-contributing members" of society..” so this is clear what is Tommy mention about who those unable to defend themselves is the Black Stranger that searching for place to sheltered. And what Machete Killers Leader said that Black Stranger is grotesque menace to society, means non-contributing members of society mentioned by Tommy

Aagard. So in this finding, the writer concludes that the poor is described as Black

Stranger or community where the Black Stranger is come from.

From this, it is clear that people who have been discussed earlier in radio and television are embodiments like the above "Black Stranger". Seeing this, the writer argues that there are still people like the Black Stranger above who may have skin color and similar race. Because the fact is the Black Stranger does not choose to take shelter to a same race with him but prefer to ask for protection in the elite residential area the majority of the occupants is white-skinned rich men who have security device at home.

After seeing the manifestations that people often talk about on radio and television, the writer can relate to the theory of S, Dale Mclemore’s on the prejudice factor of cultural transmission. According to McLemore (1983: 108), cultural transmission is a factor influenced by cultural environment. People will naturally learn what is already established in the community. From the statement from Male Caller on Radio and criminologist Tommy Aagard, it can be concluded that there is an existing belief in society as they said briefly that the poor are victims or targets for cleaning in that night.

To strengthen the findings of prejudice, the writer cite the way discrimination and prejudice works by Gordon W. Allport (Allport, 1954: 6). He said, the act of discrimination begins from a prejudice that makes a person or group create a distinction against other individuals or groups. First, we must clearly distinguish discrimination and prejudice. Prejudice refers to opinions or attitudes held by members of one groups towards another.

Other relation, the writer can relate to the theory of S. Dale Mclemore on the prejudice factor of group identity. Mclemore explains, this factor explains that members of human groups would be drawn together by common interest; they simultaneously become distinguished from other group. The ethnocentrism automatically generates prejudice in a group’s member. McLemore (1983: 120) said, in this way, the group’s preference become their preference; its standard, their standard; its beliefs, their beliefs, and its enemies, their enemies. Prejudice is a predictable consequence of this natural ethnocentrism.

This is very clear because in Machete Killer Leader Words that those who prejudged that Black Stranger who cannot protect themselves from the purge night is garbage to the society and deserve to be cleaned. In his words, it is also

32 mentioned that the Black Stranger is nothing but a dirty, homeless pig. He is grotesque menace to their society. It falls into the category of prejudice in the group identity aspect in which he feels his group is more powerful and thus considers Black Stranger as unnecessary in society. Therefore the group called

Machete Killers hunt and want to make the Black Stranger as a target of their purification. In this case, what Machete Killers Leader said become group preference become their preference that they’re some fine, young, very educated guys and girls. And they also have white skin and they target has black skin. So this is quite enough to include this case into prejudice by race.

In discrimination aspect, Machete Killer Leader words fall into the category of discrimination in the aspects of group gains. Machete Killers Leader words that called they “the have” seem to indicate that they feel that they are the members of the more powerful group of people who enjoy greater privilege and higher social standing than those in the less powerful group. The emergence of

Black Stranger shows that the members of dominant group have discriminated systemically against the members of racial and ethnic groups.

And if it is associated with theory discrimination by S. Dale Mclemore, it falls into the gains group aspect. As mentioned earlier, this theory of discrimination is based on how groups struggled for possession of the land; how the fear of another group would take jobs away. Those two important resources conflicts between groups led to relatively fixed social arrangements in which the members of the more powerful groups enjoyed greater privilege and higher social standing than those in the less powerful group. The members of dominant group have discriminated systemically against the members of racial and ethnic groups because the discriminators seem to gain by that (McLemore, 1983: 130-135).

This is basing the pursuit of the Black Stranger who hides in the home of the Sandin family. The average group of machete killers is educated young people and the wealthy feeling to be the upper class in the social strata so that they can prejudice and discriminate groups like those of the Black Stranger’s before.

From the explanation above about the three aspects of prejudice according to McLemore appears in The Purge (2013) film, cultural transmission is rising through Male Caller on radio and Tommy Aagard. Afterwards, group identity is portraying through Machete Leader. Then, about the three aspects of discrimination, group gains is portraying Machete Leader. And institutional is not illustrated in The Purge (2013) film. And, the characters who are the victims of prejudice and discrimination, Black Stranger and his community only. From the mentioned characters, some are victims of prejudice and the others are victims of discrimination.

The Actors of Prejudice and The Victim of Prejudice and Discrimination Discrimination

Male Caller on Radio Black Stranger Tommy Aagaard Community of Black Stranger Machete Killer Leader

C. The Relation of Prejudice and Discrimination In this section, the writer try to explain the relationship between prejudice and discrimination portrayed in the purge (2013) film. After correlating all of the explanation above, there are two forms of prejudice and discrimination relationship.

Figure 3 Prejudice does not lead to discrimination

1) Prejudice does not lead to discrimination

The first is prejudice which does not lead to discrimination. This form is shown through Male Caller on radio conversation which is presently prejudicing toward the poor represented by Black Stranger. Another Black but does not discriminate them. The second is Tommy Aagaard also does prejudice toward the poor represented by black stranger but does not discriminate them.

Figure 4 Prejudice does lead to discrimination

2) Prejudice does lead to discrimination

The second form is prejudice that leads to discrimination. This form is described from Machete Killers Leader. At the first, while he tried to negotiate with the Sandin family to get the Black Stranger out of the house. Machete Killers

Leader prejudice and discriminate against the Black Stranger because at the

35 beginning of the scene, look of the Black Stranger was bloody when he being chase by the group Machete Killers.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

B. Conclusion

The Purge film (2013) is American dystopian horror film written and directed by James DeMonaco and is the first installment in the purge franchise.

This film is about family held hostage during “the purge”, an event during which all crime is legalized for 12 hours. The dimension of racism is shown in The

Purge film in scene when a strange “Black Man” is chased by a posse of killers called “Machete Killers” which have blonde hair, good education, white skin, and all of those killers are rich kids. The writer analyzed the relationship between prejudice and discrimination and also how prejudice and discrimination described to the characters.

In this research, the writer did not use all the elements of the film, but only focus on character and characterization theory by Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis

W. Petrie that mentioned before. They define several techniques of characterizations to portray the characteristics of each character, such

Characterization through appearance, dialogue, external action, internal action, reactions of other characters, contrast: dramatic foils, caricature and leimotif, choice of name. And, they also explain about stock characters and stereotypes, static versus dynamic or developing characters, flat versus round characters.

Hereafter, the prejudice and discrimination issues are raised by using S.

Dale McLemore prejudice and discrimination theory. He defines prejudice

represents attitudes and opinions. Prejudice refers to opinions or attitudes held by members of one groups towards another. The three aspects that can affect the prejudice are cultural transmission, personality traits, and group identity. Then,

McLemore also defines that discrimination refers to actual behavior against another group or individual. The three aspects that can affect discrimination are situational pressures, group gains, and institutional structure.

The writer found four major characters by analyzed which are Mr. Sandin,

Mrs, Sandin, Zoey Sandin, and Charlie Sandin. Aside from major character, the writer found several minor characters in The Purge (2013). The neighbors of the

Sandin’s family are Mrs. Grace, Mr. Cali, Mr. Halverson and Mrs. Halverson.

Another minor character is Henry. He is the boyfriend of Zoey Sandin who is still in middle school. Other minor characters are the black stranger and the Machete

Killers group Leader, the leader of the killer group who pursue their prey, the black stranger.

The characters that the writer mention above divided into two categories, that is the first category is the actor of prejudice and discrimination; Male Caller on Radio, Tommy Aagaard, Machete Leader, and machete killers members. The second category is victims of prejudice and discrimination; Black Stranger, Group of Black Stranger.

After the writer divide into two categories, those characters are correlated with prejudice and discrimination theory. The first aspect of prejudice is cultural transmission. This cultural transmission aspect is influenced by the cultural environment and shown in the film by Male Caller on Radio, Tommy Aagaard,

Machete Leader. The last of prejudice aspect, group identity is shown through

Machete Leader. He shows the identity of their "the have" group that wants to make the black stranger a common enemy to Sandin family.

In the last analysis, the writer found a correlation that is prejudice which does not lead to discrimination. This form is shown through Male Caller on radio conversation which is presently prejudicing toward the poor represented by Black

Stranger. Another Black but does not discriminate them. The second is Tommy

Aagaard also does prejudice toward the poor represented by black stranger but does not discriminate them.

Another correlation is prejudice that leads to discrimination. This form is described from Machete Leader. At the first, while he tried to negotiate with the

Sandin family to get the black stranger out of the house. Machete leader prejudice and discriminate against the black stranger because at the beginning of the scene, look of the black stranger was bloody when being chase by the group machete killers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Allport, Gordon W. The Nature of Prejudice. Massachusetts: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1979.

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Giddens, Anthony.Sociology Fourth Edition. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001.

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Osin, Nina and Dina Porat eds. Legislating Against Discrimination: An International Survey of Anti-Discrimination Norms. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2005.

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Pollock, M. (2008). Everyday antiracism: Getting real about race in schools. New York, NY: The New Press.

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The Purge (2013). Directed by James DeMonaco. (Universal Pictures). Softcopy

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