DOCSLIB.ORG

Three-Dimensional Space Representation in the Human Brain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

1 Three-dimensional space representation in the human brain Misun Kim Submitted for a PhD in Cognitive Neuroscience May 2018 Supervisor: Eleanor A. Maguire 2 I, Misun Kim, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: _________________________ Date: __________________________ 3 Abstract Brain structures that support spatial cognition by encoding one’s position and direction have been extensively studied for decades. In the majority of studies, neural substrates have been investigated on a horizontal two-dimensional plane, whereas humans and other animals also move vertically in a three-dimensional (3D) world. In this thesis, I investigated how 3D spatial information is represented in the human brain using functional MRI experiments and custom-built 3D virtual environments. In the first experiment, participants moved on flat, tilted-up or tilted-down pathways in a 3D lattice structure. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that the anterior hippocampus expressed 3D location information that was similarly sensitive to the vertical and horizontal axes. The retrosplenial cortex and posterior hippocampus represented direction information that was only sensitive to the vertical axis. In the second experiment, participants moved in a virtual building with multiple levels and rooms. Using an fMRI repetition suppression analysis, I observed a hierarchical representation of this 3D space, with anterior hippocampus representing local information within a room, while retrosplenial cortex, parahippocampal cortex and posterior hippocampus represented room information within the wider building. As in the first experiment, vertical and horizontal location information was similarly encoded. In the last experiments, participants were placed into a virtual zero-gravity environment where they could move freely along all 3 axes. The thalamus and subiculum expressed horizontal heading information, whereas retrosplenial cortex showed dominant encoding of vertical heading. Using novel fMRI analyses, I also found preliminary evidence of a 3D grid code in the entorhinal cortex. Overall, these experiments demonstrate the capacity of the human brain to implement a flexible and efficient representation of 3D space. The work in this thesis will, I hope, 4 serve as a stepping-stone in our understanding of how we navigate in the real – 3D – world. 5 Impact statement Our world is three-dimensional (3D). We navigate in multi-level buildings, on undulating terrain and in the open air. However, the neural circuitry underlying spatial cognition (our “internal GPS system”) has mainly been studied on horizontal two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. The experiments I report here extend our understanding of spatial cognition by incorporating the uncharted third dimension. I used custom-built virtual reality navigation paradigms and a non-invasive brain scanning technique (functional magnetic resonance imaging - fMRI) to test where, and how, 3D location and direction information is encoded in the human brain. The main findings were: (1) the hippocampus contained information about where participants were in 3D environments and it was similarly sensitive to vertical and horizontal axes; (2) 3D heading was collectively encoded by the thalamus, subiculum and retrosplenial cortex, and these brain areas were sensitive to either horizontal or vertical direction; (3) the brain seemed to have flexible representations of 3D space, adapted for the shape of environments and behavioural demands. My work will hopefully promote further research into 3D spatial cognition in both humans and other animals, as we still know so little about this crucial aspect of cognition. For example, the retrosplenial cortex, which represented vertical direction information in my fMRI studies, is a candidate brain structure to contain head direction cells tuned to vertical pitch, and this could be tested in animal electrophysiological studies. Taking the lead from my work, which revealed the basic neural circuitry for 3D spatial representations, future research should seek to elucidate how we actively navigate and find goals in a realistic 3D world. This might help us to develop better navigation strategies. I also showed the advantage of using virtual reality techniques and a quasi-naturalistic setup, and I believe similar approaches should be deployed more widely in the field of spatial research. 6 The impact of my research also extends beyond the domain of spatial navigation. Recent findings suggest that the brain uses a map-like code to solve more general cognitive problems, such as social interactions, perception and decision making. The analysis methods I developed – including probing 3D grid codes using fMRI – could be applied to broader cognitive problems which are inherently high-dimensional. In the longer term, studying 3D spatial representation might bring clinical benefits. The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and retrosplenial cortex – the main brain structures investigated in my work – are early casualties in Alzheimer’s disease, and spatial disorientation is a common initial symptom. The prognostic value of 2D grid signals in the brain has been previously suggested, but spatial navigation tasks in 3D might be more sensitive in aiding early detection of impending cognitive decline. It may sound far-fetched, but understanding the neural basis of our sense of direction in 3D could be pertinent when humans are freed from Earth’s gravity. Space exploration is an ever-increasing endeavour (e.g. missions to Mars by NASA and commercial companies). An understanding of 3D space representations in the brain will be crucial to facilitating the ergonomic design of microgravity environments during space travel. 7 Acknowledgements I first want to give my enormous thanks to my primary supervisor, Eleanor Maguire. She was extremely generous with her time, teaching me how to do science, how to write, how to talk and, most importantly, how to keep my chin up when science occasionally tested me. I have always been supported and trusted by her, and this is by far the best thing any supervisor can do. I will miss our regular Tuesday meetings. I am grateful to my funders, the Wellcome Trust (“for the incurably curious”) and Samsung Scholarship. I also want to thank my ~120 participants who bore my experiments without VR sickness or claustrophobia (my apologies to the few people who were afflicted). I was so lucky to get my PhD training at the Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (aka the “FIL”). All of the staff (Kamlyn, Peter, David, IT, the radiographers, etc.) provided awesome support. The scientific advice was excellent (Karl, the guru, who patiently reminded me of Neyman Pearson lemma, Guillaume who helped me to excavate SPM, Pete Z, Gareth, Martina, Tim Behrens). I can’t imagine my PhD without the Maguire gang – Anna, Conny, Daniel, Dina, Gloria, Ian, Marshall + honorary member Swan – who have always lifted me up scientifically and in many other ways. Thanks to my amazing office mates who rescued me from my 2D desk space to the outside 3D world like Nitzan, Thomas, Philipp, Claudia, Mona, Sofie, Alexa, Pradeep, Michael, etc. I also want to say thanks to Alasdair Gibb and David Attwell – the Wellcome 4 year PhD committee – who brought me to UCL and kindly looked after me in my first year and onwards. Special thanks to Fabio and Elina in my PhD program. Thanks also to my secondary supervisor, Kate Jeffery, who sowed the seed of 3D space research. Last, but not least, I am eternally grateful to my beloved family in Korea. 항상 믿어주고 기도해주는 엄마, 아빠, 형주, 민서야 고마워. 8 Table of contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 3 Impact statement .......................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 7 Table of contents .......................................................................................................... 8 List of figures .............................................................................................................. 11 List of tables ............................................................................................................... 14 List of abbreviations .................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1 General introduction .............................................................................. 16 1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Place cells in 3D space ................................................................................. 18 1.3 Head direction cells in 3D space ................................................................... 23 1.4 Grid cells in 3D space ................................................................................... 29 1.5 Boundary cells and other spatial cells in 3D space ........................................ 35 1.6 Behavioural studies in 3D space ................................................................... 38 1.7 Human neuropsychological, neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies in 3D space .................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai

    Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai

    Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai To cite this version: Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai. Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.93. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093. hal-01929541 HAL Id: hal-01929541 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929541 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 19 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093 Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans J. ten Donkelaar 1*†, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer 2† and Jürgen K. Mai 3† 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2 IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 3 Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany The gyri and sulci of the human brain were defined by pioneers such as Louis-Pierre Gratiolet and Alexander Ecker, and extensified by, among others, Dejerine (1895) and von Economo and Koskinas (1925).
  • Neural Populations in Human Posteromedial Cortex Display Opposing Responses During Memory and Numerical Processing

    Neural Populations in Human Posteromedial Cortex Display Opposing Responses During Memory and Numerical Processing

    Neural populations in human posteromedial cortex display opposing responses during memory and numerical processing Brett L. Foster, Mohammad Dastjerdi, and Josef Parvizi1 Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Edited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, and approved August 7, 2012 (received for review April 23, 2012) Our understanding of the human default mode network derives rate is correlated with behavioral performance, where lower levels primarily from neuroimaging data but its electrophysiological of PCC firing suppression are associated with longer reaction correlates remain largely unexplored. To address this limitation, times (RTs) and higher error rate, a correlation also previously we recorded intracranially from the human posteromedial cortex reported with fMRI in humans (11, 12). Similarly, direct cortical (PMC), a core structure of the default mode network, during various recordings using electrocorticography (ECoG) from human conditions of internally directed (e.g., autobiographical memory) as DMN (13–16) have shown suppression of broadband γ-power [a opposed to externally directed focus (e.g., arithmetic calculation). correlate of population firing rate (17, 18)] during attentional We observed late-onset (>400 ms) increases in broad high γ-power effort. More recently, this broadband suppression across human (70–180 Hz) within PMC subregions during memory retrieval. High DMN regions has also been shown to correlate with behavioral γ-power was significantly reduced or absent when subjects re- performance (16). Taken together, these findings have provided trieved self-referential semantic memories or responded to self- clear electrophysiological evidence for DMN suppression.
  • The Pre/Parasubiculum: a Hippocampal Hub for Scene- Based Cognition? Marshall a Dalton and Eleanor a Maguire

    The Pre/Parasubiculum: a Hippocampal Hub for Scene- Based Cognition? Marshall a Dalton and Eleanor a Maguire

    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The pre/parasubiculum: a hippocampal hub for scene- based cognition? Marshall A Dalton and Eleanor A Maguire Internal representations of the world in the form of spatially which posits that one function of the hippocampus is to coherent scenes have been linked with cognitive functions construct internal representations of scenes in the ser- including episodic memory, navigation and imagining the vice of memory, navigation, imagination, decision-mak- future. In human neuroimaging studies, a specific hippocampal ing and a host of other functions [11 ]. Recent inves- subregion, the pre/parasubiculum, is consistently engaged tigations have further refined our understanding of during scene-based cognition. Here we review recent evidence hippocampal involvement in scene-based cognition. to consider why this might be the case. We note that the pre/ Specifically, a portion of the anterior medial hippocam- parasubiculum is a primary target of the parieto-medial pus is consistently engaged by tasks involving scenes temporal processing pathway, it receives integrated [11 ], although it is not yet clear why a specific subre- information from foveal and peripheral visual inputs and it is gion of the hippocampus would be preferentially contiguous with the retrosplenial cortex. We discuss why these recruited in this manner. factors might indicate that the pre/parasubiculum has privileged access to holistic representations of the environment Here we review the extant evidence, drawing largely from and could be neuroanatomically determined to preferentially advances in the understanding of visuospatial processing process scenes. pathways. We propose that the anterior medial portion of the hippocampus represents an important hub of an Address extended network that underlies scene-related cognition, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, and we generate specific hypotheses concerning the University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK functional contributions of hippocampal subfields.
  • Representation of Spatial Orientation by the Intrinsic Dynamics of the Head-Direction Cell Ensemble: a Theory

    Representation of Spatial Orientation by the Intrinsic Dynamics of the Head-Direction Cell Ensemble: a Theory

    The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 1996, 16(6):2112-2126 Representation of Spatial Orientation by the Intrinsic Dynamics of the Head-Direction Cell Ensemble: A Theory Kechen Zhang Department of Cognitive Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-05 15 The head-direction (HD) cells found in the limbic system in disturbances to its shape, and the shift speed can be controlled freely moving rats represent the instantaneous head direction accurately by the strength of the odd-weight component. The of the animal in the horizontal plane regardless of the location generic formulation of the shift mechanism is determined of the animal. The internal direction represented by these cells uniquely within the current theoretical framework. The attractor uses both self-motion information for inet-tially based updating dynamics of the system ensures modality-independence of the and familiar visual landmarks for calibration. Here, a model of internal representation and facilitates the correction for cumu- the dynamics of the HD cell ensemble is presented. The sta- lative error by the putative local-view detectors. The model bility of a localized static activity profile in the network and a offers a specific one-dimensional example of a computational dynamic shift mechanism are explained naturally by synaptic mechanism in which a truly world-centered representation can weight distribution components with even and odd symmetry, be derived from observer-centered sensory inputs by integrat- respectively. Under symmetric weights or symmetric reciprocal ing self-motion information. connections, a stable activity profile close to the known direc- Key words: head-direction cell; spatial orientation; attractor tional tuning curves will emerge.
  • The Brain Compass: a Perspective on How Self-Motion Updates the Head Direction Cell Attractor

    The Brain Compass: a Perspective on How Self-Motion Updates the Head Direction Cell Attractor

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/189464; this version posted September 17, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The brain compass: a perspective on how self-motion updates the head direction cell attractor Jean Laurens, Dora E. Angelaki Dept. of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R21 NS098146 and R01- DC004260. Address for correspondence: Angelaki, Dora Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston, TX 77030 Office: (713) 798-1469 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Head Direction cells form an internal compass that signals head azimuth orientation even in the absence of visual landmarks. It is well accepted that head direction properties are generated through a ring attractor that is updated using rotation self-motion cues. The properties and origin of this self-motion velocity drive remain, however, unknown. We propose a unified, quantitative framework whereby the attractor velocity input represents a multisensory self-motion estimate computed through an internal model that uses sensory prediction error based on vestibular, visual, and somatosensory cues to improve on-line motor drive. We show how context- dependent strength of recurrent connections within the attractor itself, rather than the self- motion input, explain differences in head direction cell firing between free foraging and restrained movements. We also summarize recent findings on how head tilt relative to gravity influences the azimuth coding of head direction cells, and explain why and how these effects reflect an updating self-motion velocity drive that is not purely egocentric.
  • Head Direction Cells: Properties and Functional Significance Robert U Mullet-L, James B Ranck Jr* and Jeffrey S Taubea

    Head Direction Cells: Properties and Functional Significance Robert U Mullet-L, James B Ranck Jr* and Jeffrey S Taubea

    196 Head direction cells: properties and functional significance Robert U Mullet-l, James B Ranck Jr* and Jeffrey S Taubea The strong signal carried by head direction cells in the Under all known circumstances, postsubicular HD cells, postsubiculum complements the positional signal carried the first class to be discovered, discharge only as a by hippocampal place cells; together, the directional and function of the direction in which the rat’s head points positional signals provide the information necessary to permit in the horizontal plane, independent of head location. rats to generate and carry out intelligent, efficient solutions Postsubicular HD cell discharge is rapid only when the to spatial problems. Our opinion is that the hippocampal head points in an -90” sector of headings centered on a positional system acts as a cognitive map and that the role ‘preferred direction’. The relationship between direction of the directional system is to put the map into register with and discharge rate is steep; the function is triangular, the environment. In this way, paths found using the map can so that firing rate decreases linearly in both directions be properly executed. Head direction cells have recently been away from the preferred direction, to be nearly zero when discovered in parts of the thalamus reciprocally connected 45” away from the peak [2,3’]. In contrast to place cells, with the postsubiculum; such cells provide important clues to the reliability of postsubicular HD cell firing is very the organization of the directional system. high. (Some of the properties of HD cells are shown in Figure 2c.) Addresses tg2Department of Physiology, SUNY Health Science Center at In this review, we will first briefly recapitulate what is Brooklyn, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA known about HD cells (also called directional cells), t e-mail: [email protected] and then summarize what has been learned about them se-mail: [email protected] during the past two years.
  • Cognitive Maps Beyond the Hippocampus

    Cognitive Maps Beyond the Hippocampus

    HIPPOCAMPUS 7:15–35 (1997) Cognitive Maps Beyond the Hippocampus A. David Redish and David S. Touretzky* Computer Science Department and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ABSTRACT: We present a conceptual framework for the role of the configural associations) (Sutherland and Rudy, 1989), hippocampus and its afferent and efferent structures in rodent navigation. that it both compresses and differentiates representations Our proposal is compatible with the behavioral, neurophysiological, (Gluck and Myers, 1993; O’Reilly and McClelland, anatomical, and neuropharmacological literature, and suggests a number of practical experiments that could support or refute it. 1994), that it encodes an egocentric representation of We begin with a review of place cells and how the place code for an visible landmarks (McNaughton et al., 1989), or that it environment might be aligned with sensory cues and updated by self- stores a cognitive map (Tolman, 1948) for navigation motion information. The existence of place fields in the dark suggests that (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978). location information is maintained by path integration, which requires an Early studies on humans with temporal lobe lesions, internal representation of direction of motion. This leads to a consider- ation of the organization of the rodent head direction system, and thence such as that of HM (Scoville and Milner, 1957), into a discussion of the computational structure and anatomical locus of suggested that the hippocampal system may be involved the path integrator. in declarative or episodic memory. However, the lesions in If the place code is used in navigation, there must be a mechanism for these early studies were found to be very extensive, selecting an action based on this information.
  • May-Britt Moser Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

    May-Britt Moser Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

    Grid Cells, Place Cells and Memory Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2014 by May-Britt Moser Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. n 7 December 2014 I gave the most prestigious lecture I have given in O my life—the Nobel Prize Lecture in Medicine or Physiology. Afer lectures by my former mentor John O’Keefe and my close colleague of more than 30 years, Edvard Moser, the audience was still completely engaged, wonderful and responsive. I was so excited to walk out on the stage, and proud to present new and exciting data from our lab. Te title of my talk was: “Grid cells, place cells and memory.” Te long-term vision of my lab is to understand how higher cognitive func- tions are generated by neural activity. At frst glance, this seems like an over- ambitious goal. President Barack Obama expressed our current lack of knowl- edge about the workings of the brain when he announced the Brain Initiative last year. He said: “As humans, we can identify galaxies light years away; we can study particles smaller than an atom. But we still haven’t unlocked the mystery of the three pounds of matter that sits between our ears.” Will these mysteries remain secrets forever, or can we unlock them? What did Obama say when he was elected President? “Yes, we can!” To illustrate that the impossible is possible, I started my lecture by showing a movie with a cute mouse that struggled to bring a biscuit over an edge and home to its nest. Te biscuit was almost bigger than the mouse itself.
  • Limbic System

    Limbic System

    LIMBIC SYSTEM © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 Limbic system • „visceral brain“ • management of homeostasis • emotional reactions • sexual behavior • care for offspring • social behavior • memory and motivation • control of autonomic functions © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 Classification • cortical – regions correspond to cortical areas according to their histological structure – functional zones related to functional connection • subcortical (nuclei) – within tele-, di-, mesencephalon, pons © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 Cortical regions • paleocortical – primary olfactory cortex • archicortical = hippocampal formation – hippocampus – subiculum – gyrus dentatus • mesocortical (transitional) – area entorhinalis et perirhinalis – presubiculum • neocortical – area subcallosa – gyrus cinguli – gyrus parahippocampalis © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 Zones • innermost zone – corpora mammillaria, fornix, fimbria hippocampi • inner zone(„gyrus intralimbicus Brocae“) – hippocampus, gyrus dentatus, indusium griseum • outer zone („gyrus limbicus“) – subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum – area entorhinalis – uncus g.p. et gyrus parahippocampalis – gyrus cinguli, area subcallosa • neocortical paralimbic cortex – insula, anterior pole of temporal lobe, medial and orbital part of frontal lobe © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 © David Kachlík 30.9.2015 Subcortical – nuclei • corpus amygdaloideum • septum verum • nucleus accumbens • ncl. mammillares • ncll. habenulares • ncll. anteriores thalami • ncl. interpeduncularis • (ncl.
  • Cortical Parcellation Protocol

    Cortical Parcellation Protocol

    CORTICAL PARCELLATION PROTOCOL APRIL 5, 2010 © 2010 NEUROMORPHOMETRICS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PRINCIPAL AUTHORS: Jason Tourville, Ph.D. Research Assistant Professor Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems Boston University Ruth Carper, Ph.D. Assistant Research Scientist Center for Human Development University of California, San Diego Georges Salamon, M.D. Research Dept., Radiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM MANY OTHERS Neuromorphometrics, Inc. 22 Westminster Street Somerville MA, 02144-1630 Phone/Fax (617) 776-7844 neuromorphometrics.com OVERVIEW The cerebral cortex is divided into 49 macro-anatomically defined regions in each hemisphere that are of broad interest to the neuroimaging community. Region of interest (ROI) boundary definitions were derived from a number of cortical labeling methods currently in use. Protocols from the Laboratory of Neuroimaging at UCLA (LONI; Shattuck et al., 2008), the University of Iowa Mental Health Clinical Research Center (IOWA; Crespo-Facorro et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2000), the Center for Morphometric Analysis at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH-CMA; Caviness et al., 1996), a collaboration between the Freesurfer group at MGH and Boston University School of Medicine (MGH-Desikan; Desikan et al., 2006), and UC San Diego (Carper & Courchesne, 2000; Carper & Courchesne, 2005; Carper et al., 2002) are specifically referenced in the protocol below. Methods developed at Boston University (Tourville & Guenther, 2003), Brigham and Women’s Hospital (McCarley & Shenton, 2008), Stanford (Allan Reiss lab), the University of Maryland (Buchanan et al., 2004), and the University of Toyoma (Zhou et al., 2007) were also consulted. The development of the protocol was also guided by the Ono, Kubik, and Abernathy (1990), Duvernoy (1999), and Mai, Paxinos, and Voss (Mai et al., 2008) neuroanatomical atlases.
  • Differences in Functional Connectivity Along the Anterior-Posterior Axis of Human Hippocampal Subfields

    Differences in Functional Connectivity Along the Anterior-Posterior Axis of Human Hippocampal Subfields

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/410720; this version posted February 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Differences in functional connectivity along the anterior-posterior axis of human hippocampal subfields Marshall A. Dalton, Cornelia McCormick, Eleanor A. Maguire* Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK *Corresponding author: Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK T: +44-20-34484362; F: +44-20-78131445; E: [email protected] (E.A. Maguire) Highlights High resolution resting state functional MRI scans were collected We investigated functional connectivity (FC) of human hippocampal subfields We specifically examined FC along the anterior-posterior axis of subfields FC between subfields extended beyond the canonical tri-synaptic circuit Different portions of subfields showed different patterns of FC with neocortex 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/410720; this version posted February 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract There is a paucity of information about how human hippocampal subfields are functionally connected to each other and to neighbouring extra-hippocampal cortices.
  • Neuronal Properties and Synaptic Connectivity in Rodent Presubiculum Jean Simonnet

    Neuronal Properties and Synaptic Connectivity in Rodent Presubiculum Jean Simonnet

    Neuronal properties and synaptic connectivity in rodent presubiculum Jean Simonnet To cite this version: Jean Simonnet. Neuronal properties and synaptic connectivity in rodent presubiculum. Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. English. NNT : 2014PA066435. tel-02295014 HAL Id: tel-02295014 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02295014 Submitted on 24 Sep 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Spécialité Neurosciences École doctorale Cerveau – Cognition – Comportement Présentée par : Jean Simonnet Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Sujet de la thèse : Neuronal properties and synaptic connectivity in rodent presubiculum Soutenue le 23.09.2014 devant le jury composé de : Dr Jean-Christophe Poncer Président Dr Dominique Debanne Rapporteur Dr Maria Cecilia Angulo Rapportrice Pr Hannah Monyer Examinatrice Dr Bruno Cauli Examinateur Dr Desdemona Fricker Directrice de thèse Université Pierre & Marie Curie - Paris 6 Tél. Secrétariat : 01 42 34 68 35 Bureau d’accueil, inscription des doctorants Fax : 01 42 34 68 40 et base de données Tél. pour les étudiants de A à EL : 01 42 34 68 41 Esc.