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Home , Actinostrobus arenarius, Banksia chamaephyton, Banksia dryandroides, Banksia elderiana, Banksia lemanniana, Banksia lindleyana

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84310-2 - The Old Country: Australian Landscapes, Plants and People George Seddon Index More information

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Note: Bold page numbers refer to illustrations.

Abel, Clarke 152–3 51–2, 57 Araucaria bidwillii 11, 97, 118 Abelia chinensis 152–3 Adansonia grandidieri 51, 52, 54, Araucaria cunninghamii 11, 97 Aboriginal land management 57 Araucaria heterophylla 11, 18, 44, 68–70 Adansonia gregorii 11, 46, 52–3, 97, 118, 199 Aboriginal languages, learnt by 53,55 planting at Farm Cove 122–3 Grey 77 vagaries of taxonomy 55–7 Araucariaceae 91, 92, 97–102 Aboriginal people 234, 240 Adansonia madagascariensis 51 Arbutus andrachne 182 Dampier’s description of 40 Adansonia perrieri 51, 58 Arbutus menziesii 182 Grey’s close relation with Adansonia stanburyana 55 Archaeolemur 57 69–71, 77 Adansonia suarezensis 51, 57 Arctotheca calendula 157, 220 management of yam grounds Adansonia za 51 Arizona backyard 204 69–71 Adelaide Botanical Gardens 52 Armstrong, Peter 213 station manager’s description admiral butterfly 84 Artemisia abrotanum 38 of 41 Adontopetalum proliferum 111 artists, portrayal of Australian use of boab trees 47 Aepyornis 57 landscapes 194 use of cycad nuts 66 aesthetics in garden design Arum lily 157 use of fire as management 195–6, 213, 214 Asphodelus fistulosus 226 tool 68 Africa, baobabs 50, 51–2, 57 associations 117–22 Warburton’s experiences of African star flower 226 asymmetrical plants 209, 211 76–8 Afrocarpus 109 Atherosperma moschatum 111 Aboriginal plant names 38 Agathis 97 Athrotaxis 102, 103 Acacia xvii, 34, 129 Agathis atropurpurea 97 Athrotaxis cupressoides 102 as invasive species 225 Agathis australis 11 Athrotaxis selaginoides 92, 102, Acacia acuminata 66 Agathis borneensis 97 102 Acacia baileyana 129, 225 Agathis microstachys 97 Atriplex 39 Acacia cyclops 225 Agathis robusta 11, 97 Atriplex chamaecladum 39 Acacia dealbata 225 Agonis flexuosa xvi, 197 Aubrieta deltoides 228 Acacia decurrens 81, 225 agricultural weeds 218, 219–23 Australian Acacia elata 225 Aitken, Richard 197 as arbitrary term 234 Acacia mearnsii 225 Aizoaceae 36 being Australian 240–1 Acacia melanoxylon 129, 225 Akeroyd, John 228 Australian animals and plants, as Acacia pycnantha 225 akudjura bush 87 icons 6 Acacia rostellifera 38 alang alang 231 Australian backyard 203, 204 Acacia saligna 38, 225 alkaline soils 18, 19–20, 130 Australian continent xiv–xv, 10 Acetosella vulgaris 221 Alogyne 33 Australian fauna, decorative uses acidic soils 131 alpine pepper 111 150, 151 Actinostrobus 114, 115 Angophora xvii, 132, 187 Australian flora Actinostrobus acuminatus 115 Anigozanthus manglesii 21 Antarctic elements in 92–3 Actinostrobus arenarius 115 Antarctic flora 92, 93 as southern hemisphere flora Actinostrobus pyramidalis 115 Apium australe 82 234 Adansonia 48, 50, 60 Apium tenuifolium 82 autochthonous elements 93 Adansonia digitata 50–1, 50, Araucaria 11, 15, 97, 145 botanical illustration 135–50

Index 259

Australian flora (continued ) Banksia xvii banksias 18, 19, 128–31 decorative uses 150–1 Banksia ashbyi 132, 149, 150 collecting and illustrating evolution xiv, 91–7 Banksia attentuata 151 135–50 floral wealth 234–7 Banksia audax 150 decorative uses 150–1 Hooker’s elements in 92–3 Banksia baueri 132 disease susceptibility 134–5 Indomalesian elements 93 Banksia baxteri 4, 132, 142, 143, distribution 148–50 practical uses of 66–71, 144 east-coast 132–5 79–83, 115 Banksia benthamiana 132 iconic status 129 use as building and roofing Banksia blechnifolia 148 interest to collectors, materials 81–2, 115 Banksia brownii 132 taxonomists and botanical use as food supplements and Banksia burdetti 132 artists 131–2 remedies 82 Banksia caleyi 132 naming of 131–2, 134 use as stock food 78 Banksia candolleana 132 near-desert species 149–50 use as timber 80–1, 107 Banksia canei 132 prostrate 148–9, 199 Australian Home Beautiful 206, Banksia chamaephyton 148 use in the garden 129 2078 Banksia coccinea 15, 17, 18, 130 Baobab 51 Australian landscapes, portrayal Banksia cunninghamii 132 baobabs 50–4, 50, 52, 53 by painters 194 Banksia dentata 133, 138 adaptability 51, 52–4 Australian outback 10–11 Banksia dryandroides 141, 141 Africa 50, 51–2, 57 Australian plants Banksia elderiana 132, 150 Australia 51, 53–4, 53, 54, adaptability 18–19 Banksia ericifolia 138 55–7 defining 9–12, 44–5 Banksia gardneri 132, 148 long distance dispersal 58 foliage colour and structure Banksia goodii 132, 148 Madagascar 51, 52, 57–8, 62 20–1, 189, 195 Banksia grandis 4, 145 pollination and dispersal growing more in gardens 9 Banksia hookeriana 132 57–8 limited natural distribution Banksia ilicifolia 146, 150 see also boabs 15–17 Banksia integrifolia 138 basalt boulders, use of 214 pleasure of growing 18–19 Banksia lemanniana 132 Basedow, H. 40 propagation for use in Banksia lindleyana 132, 150 bat-winged erythrina 185 diverse habitats 15, 17 Banksia lullfitzii 132 bats 57 soil and design constraints Banksia marginata 131, 132, 133, Baudin, Nicolas 59 19–21 150 Bauer, Ferdinand 131, 133, 134, vulnerability in natural Banksia meisneri 132 135–7 environment 17–18 Banksia menziesii 132, 147, 150, background 136 author’s garden 13, 18, 19–20, 159 Illustrationes Florae Novae 34, 112, 129–30, 157, 165–6, Banksia oblongifolia 132 Hollandiae 136–7 175, 227–8 Banksia occidentalis 144, 145 quality of illustration 135, 136 weeds in 226, 227 Banksia ornata 150 Bauer, Franz 136 autochthonous elements, in Banksia petiolaris 148 Baumann, Zygmunt 5 Australian flora 93 Banksia prionotes 129, 143 Baxter,William 134, 140–1, Avena spp. 156 Banksia repens 148 143 Banksia robur 132, 133, 147 Beadle, N. C.W.96 backyards 204 Banksia rosseri 132, 150 Beaufortia 34 balga 38 Banksia serrata 133, 138, 139, Beaufortia sprengeliodes 33 Balme, Basil 122 151 beeches 222 Banks, Sir Joseph 136, 138, 140, Banksia solandri 132, 138 being Australian 240–1 152–3 Banksia speciosa 130–1, 137 Betula pendula 182 organises plant collecting 152 Banksia spinulosa 138, 140 bindweed 222 plant collecting 133, 134 Banksia victoriae 143 birches 10

260 Index

birds 4, 12, 198 Botanical Magazine 143 Canberra Botanic Gardens 121, Melbourne 3–5 botanical names xvi–xvii 135 Sydney 3, 5 instability xvii, 38–9 candlebark 182 use of edge habitat 205 boxes 176 cape daisy 220 WA 2–3, 5, 6, 157 Brachychiton acerifolia 184–5 Cape Inscription,WA 28, 29 black sally 182 Brachychiton sp. 63 Cape lilac 184 blackberry 156 Braidwood waratah 128 Cape Town 159, 160, 162 blackboy 38 Brock, John 45 Cape tulip 157 blackbutts 38, 176 Brookes, John 193 capeweed 157 Blackwall Reach,WA 31 Brown, Robert 136, 137, 138, Capparis 46, 48, 55 blackwood wattle 129 143, 144, 153 Capparis gibbosa 48, 55 blady grass 82 Brunig, Eberhardt 95–6 Cardamine pratensis 228 Blakella 186–7 Buchan, Alexander 138 Careening Bay,WA 56 Blancoa canescens 33 Buchanania 189 Carophyllaceae 36, 37 Blandfordia nobilis 170 building and roofing materials Castle Crag, Sydney 84–5 Blechnum 122 81–2, 115 Casuarina 81, 115, 122 bloodroots 118 Bunya Mountains 118 Casuarina equisetifolia 225 bloodwoods 179, 185, 187 bunya pine 97 Casuarina (schooner) 81 Blunt,Wilfred 136 Burke and Wills, die of cauliflory 189 boabs 11, 46, 52–4, 61, 225 starvation 71–2 Cavanilles, Antonio 132–3, 135 and vagaries of taxonomy Burke’s Back Yard 197 celery-top pine 11, 105, 107 55–7 Bursaria 132 Chamelaucium axillare 45 as succulents 51 bush gardens 9, 83–4, 169, 236 Chamelaucium uncinatum 18, 44, Australia 51, 53–4, 53, 54, bush tomato kasundi 86–7 239 55–7, 56 Chelsea Flower Show 134 early descriptions 46–8 cabbage-tree palm 81 Chenopodiaceae 39 pollination and dispersal 57, Caesalpiniaceae 86 Chorilaena 33 58 Caladenia flava 170 Christmas bells 170 relatives of 48–51 Calandrinia xvii, 36, 38, 39, 117 Churchill, Jeannie 206 suitability for Australian Calandrinia polyandra 35, 37 Clianthus formosus 41 gardens 61, 62, 63 calcarenite 164, 214 climate change, impact on boat-building 81 Californian gardens 206–7 flora 8 Bombacaceae 55, 62 Californian redwood 103, 103, cloud forests 112 Bombax ceiba 62, 185 162 coast banksia 138 Bonyhady,Tim 79, 80, 84 Callicoma serratifolia 81 coastal dune heath,WA 235 Boboli Gardens, Florence 166 Callitris 92, 102, 114, 122 Cochleospermum 189 Borneo rainforest species, soil as garden plant 115–16 cockie’s tongue 13, 14, 19, 38, 84 deficiency effects 95–6 use for building materials 115 coelacanth 99 Boronia 33 Callitris columellaris 115 cold ocean currents 162 botanic gardens Callitris endlicheri 116 Cole, Edith 207 Gondwanan flora 121–2 Callitris intratropica 115 Collie, A. 68–9 see also specific names, eg. Callitris macleayana 116 Colocasia esculenta 70 Kings Park Botanic Callitris preissii 19, 115, 115, colonisation by weeds 229–31 Gardens 116, 166–7, 198 common names of plants 37–8 botanical artists 131, 133–4, Callitris rhomboidea 81 conifers 92, 97, 99, 175 135–50 Callitroidea 114 see also Araucariaceae; see also specific artists, eg. Calocephalus brownii xvii Cupressaceae; Bauer, Ferdinand Calophylla ficifolia 15 Podocarpaceae; botanical illustration 135–50 Canberra, land clearing 79 Taxodiaceae

Index 261

Conostylis 34 Dacrydium cupressinum 106, 211 Dilwynites 92, 99, 102 Conostylis stylidioides 33 daffodils 21 Diploglottis australis 86 conservation Daintree rainforest 118 Diploglottis cunninghamii 86 Castle Crag, Sydney 84–5 Dampier,William 28, 29, 30, Diplolaena 34 colonial era 79–80 34–5 Diplolaena angustifolia 78 of biological diversity 15 and his reputation 40–1 Diplolaena grandiflora 33, 34, 44 Constans, Louis 144, 145 description of Aboriginal Dirk Hartog Island 28, 29 continents xiv–xv, 10 people 41 Discovery (ship) 145, 147 Cook, Captain James 138 impact of his collecting 36–7 Diselma 114 Coopers Creek, Qld 118, 119 plant collecting 30, 32, 33, Diselma archeri 114–15 Cootamundra wattle 129 34, 35, 41 Dixon,Trisha 206 coral trees 12, 19, 157, 198, 199 plant descriptions 35 DNA studies,Wollemi pine 101 cork oak 10 A Voyage to New Holland 32, Dodonea spp. 82 corn-cockles 222 33 Dowell, Oliver 206, 207–14, Correa 33 Dampier plate 32 210 Corymbia xvii, 176 Dampiera 34 awareness of Japanese deciduous bark 179, 183 Darwin, Charles 132 gardens 209, 210–11 deciduous leaves 187–9, 197 Darwin stringybark 187 background 210 Corymbia bigalerita 185–6, 185 Darwin woollybutt 187, 188 design models 207–9 Corymbia bleeseri 186 Darwinia collina 15 plantings at University of Corymbia calophylla 3, 187 Darwinia leiostyla 15 Western Australia 207–9, Corymbia citriodora 174, 180, 199 Darwinia macrostegia 15 211–13, 214 Corymbia ficifolia 3, 187, 207 Dasysurus 78 Drimys 111 Corymbia maculata 180 dawn redwood 99, 103, 104 Drimys lanceolata 111 Corymbia torelliana 183 day length 160 Drimys winteri 111 Cotoneaster horizontalis 107 de Buonarotti, Michelangelo Drimys xerophila 111 crepe myrtle 182 237 drought 192 Croton 189 de Freycinet, Louis 28, 59 Drummond, James 143 Crowea 33 de Freycinet, Rose 34, 36 Dryandra xvii ‘Cruden Farm’, Langwarrin, de Vlamingh,Willem 28, 66 dune systems,WA 28 Victoria 201 deciduous, etymology 174, 175 Dutch explorers 28, 29 Cunningham, Allan 41, 48, 55 deciduous bark 174, 176–83 Dutch possessions 60 Cupressaceae 92, 114–16 deciduous branches 174, 176 Duyfken (ship) 28 distribution 114–15 deciduous characteristics, in Cupressoideae 114 animals 174, 175 early settlers, food shortages 68 Cupressus 122 deciduous leaves 174, 175, 176, east-coast banksias 132–5 Curtis,William 143 184–9 distribution 133 Curtis,Winifred, Endemic Flora deciduous trees 174, 175–6, early collecting 132–3 of Tasmania 148 184, 189 Echium plantagineum 220 Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 143, for summer shade and ecological destruction 17–18, 147 winter sun 197–8, 199 114 Cyathea 122 location in Australia 184, 185 ecological integrity 5 Cyathea cooperi 122 Dell, Edgar 145–7 edge phenomena 203–5 cycad nuts 67–8, 69 Delonix regia 86, 224 Eendracht (ship) 28 cycads 122, 169 design see garden design Eichornia crassipes 221 Cymbalaria muralis 227 design-worthy plants 199 elephant bird 57 Dianthus barbatus 38 elfin forests 112 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides 38, 113 dieback 18 Emberson, Jane 83, 84, 85, 236 Dacrydium 107 Dietes spp. 157 emu-bushes 21

262 Index

Endeavour (ship) 138, 139 eucalyptus leaves, scent 128, 129 Fairbairn, Patrick 6–8 English perennial border 203 Eucalyptus lehmanii 225 ‘feature’ plants 196 English style gardens 192, 193 Eucalyptus marginata xvi, 80 Ficus 189 environmental conservation 15 Eucalyptus miniata 187–9, 188 Field, Judge Barron 189 environmental weeds 218, 219, Eucalyptus minni-ritchi 181 field poppies 222 223–4 eucalyptus oil 82 Fielding-Druce Herbarium, Epacridaceae 121 Eucalyptus papuana 186, 194 Oxford 30 ephemerals 36, 37 Eucalyptus patens 38 figs 11 epicormic growth, eucalypts 178 Eucalyptus pileata 179 fire epiphany 2 Eucalyptus piperita xvi and eucalypt regeneration Eremophila 21 Eucalyptus regnans 179 179 Eriostemon 33 Eucalyptus resinifera 82 as environmental constant in Erythrina 185, 198 Eucalyptus robusta 225 Australia 240 Erythrina phlebocarpa 199 Eucalyptus rubida 182 use by Aboriginal people Erythrina sp. 198 Eucalyptus salmonophloia 183 68–9 Erythrina sykesii 12, 19, 157, 199 Eucalyptus salubris 183 firewood banksia 147 Erythrina vespertilio 185, 199 Eucalyptus sheathianea 179 Fitch,Walter Hood 142–4, 143 Erythrophloeum 189 Eucalyptus stellulata 182–3 flag-stones, use of 214 Erythrophloeum chlorostachys 185 Eucalyptus subgen. Blakella 186–7 flavouring materials 82 Esperance wax 45 Eucalyptus subgen. Eudesmia 187 Flinders, Matthew 59, 133, 134, essential oils 82–3 Eucalyptus subgen. Symphomyrtus 136 eucalypts 189 186 Flindersia spp. 182 adaptive to change 96 Eucalyptus tereticornis 177 floral wealth 234–7 classification on bark Eucalyptus tetradonta 187, 189 flowering gums 181 characteristics 176–9 Eucalyptus todtiana 151 foliage colour and structure 20, deciduous bark 176–83 Eucalyptus viminalis 179 189, 195 deciduous leaves 185–9, 197 Eudesmia 187 food sources 82 epicormic growth 178 Eugenia 95 central Australia 71–2 evolutionary history 93–6, European plants 10 see also cycad nuts 176 evergreen oaks 175 food supplements and remedies invasive species 225 evergreen trees 174, 175, 184 82, 111 sclerophyllous characteristics evolution 236, 237 foreign invaders 7, 8 96 Australian flora xiv, 91–7 forest red-gum 177 Eucalyptus xvii, 176 eucalypts 93–6, 176 fossil pollen 92 Eucalyptus caesia 181 evolutionary time 118 fossil seed-ferns 90, 91 Eucalyptus caesia subsp. magna 181 experimenting with plants 18–19 fossil stromatolites, Marble Bar, Eucalyptus camaldulensis xvi explorers WA xiii Eucalyptus cladocalyx 44, 179–80, failure to learn about food Fraser, Charles 147 194 sources from Aboriginal Freesia x leichtinii 157 Eucalyptus confertiflora 186 contact 71–2 Fremantle Eucalyptus diversicolor 179 Grey expedition, learns from coastal limestone 164 Eucalyptus dives xvi Aboriginal people 69–71 comparison with Salentina, Eucalyptus elata xvi plant collecting 30, 32–5, 41, Italy 164, 165 Eucalyptus ewartiana 181 132–3, 134 fountain 167 Eucalyptus georgei 179 Warburton expedition, heathland vegetation 198 Eucalyptus gomphocephala 198, 225 failure to learn 72–8 new subdivision, to reflect a Eucalyptus grandiflora 186 Mediterranean lifestyle Eucalyptus grandis 183 Fabaceae 93 163, 165 Eucalyptus gummifera 82 Fabos, Julius 195 sister cities 165

Index 263

Fremantle garden (author’s) Castle Crag, Sydney 84–5 Gondwanan flora xiv, 12, 46, plants grown 19–20, 34, 112, hobby element 197 58, 90, 91–7, 109–13, 118, 129–30, 157, 165–6, 175, in the suburbs 83–5 213–14, 227 227–8 local and alien 85–6 different from European soils 13, 18, 19, 130 need for cultural shift 238–9 floras 117 weeds 226, 227 gardening impulse 5 in botanic gardens 121–2 French explorers 28 gardening vocabulary, entry of significant sites deserving French possessions 59 indigenous plants into 44–6 preservation 118 French Riviera 159 gardens 201 Gondwanan heritage 91–2 Freycinet Peninsula,WA 28, 29 design model 21–3 Gondwanan rocks 90 metaphorical description 201 Goonmirk Rocks, eastern garden design 166–71, 192–215 native, in the suburbs 82–3 Victoria 109–12, 110 aesthetics in 195–6, 213, 214 naturalistic 23–5 age of forests 112 and water use 192, 238, 239 Perth 83–4, 208 Gondwanan flora 109–11 awareness of droughts in Sydney 84–5, 202, 205 site preservation 118 192–3 see also author’s garden; bush subalpine environment 110, awareness of foliage, form gardens; Mediterranean 111 and flowers 194 gardens Gossypium 33 basic design forms 200–5 Gardner, C. A. 145 Gossypium sp. 169 constraints 20–1 Garnett,Tommy 200–1 gouty-stemmed trees 46–8 design elements 203 Gastrolobium 78 relatives 48–51 lessons and models from Geery, Kath 23, 25 see also boabs local flora 21–5 Geleznowia 33 grain crops 221–2 pioneer designers 205–15 general store and gravel road, grasstrees 38, 82, 118, 169 ‘purity’ of design 193 Mornington Peninsula, Green Museum sites 118 reasons for making Victoria 239 Grevillea bipinnatifida 129 exceptions to using local genetic diversity 13, 15 Grevillea concinna 129, 130 plants 197–9 genetic relationships xvii Grevillea dryandroides 129 responding to local context genetic studies,Wollemi pine Grevillea eriostachya 126 193–4 101 Grevillea excelsior 129 use of ‘Australian’ genera 199 geological time 118 Grevillea lanigera 129 use of ‘design-worthy’ plants geology,Australia xi, xiii Grevillea leucopteris 129 199 George, Alex 39, 132 Grevillea olivacea 129 use of native and local plants The Banksias 148 Grevillea robusta 18, 129 194–5, 196, 238–9 Geraldton wax 18, 44, 239 Grevillea thelmanniana 129 vocabularies 195–6 ghost gum 186, 194 grevilleas, use in the garden garden designers, pioneer giant hogweed 7 129–30 205–15 Gibbs, May 134, 151–2 Grey, George garden escapes 13, 17, 156, 157, Banksia Men 133, 151 describes gouty-stemmed 219 Snugglepot and Cuddlepie 3, trees 46–7 garden weeds 218, 219, 226–8 151 describes Kimberley garden-worthy plants 199 Ginkgo biloba 100–1 landscape 46 gardeners, constraints and globalisation 236–7 describes managed yam responsibilities when Glossopteris 90, 91 grounds 69–71 choosing plants 60–3 golden dock 229 learns Aboriginal languages Gardenia 189 golden wattle 129 77 gardening golden wreath wattle 38 learns about foodstuffs from as form of social cohesion Gompholobium calycinum 78 Nyoongah people 69 240 Gondwana 90–1 Griffin,Walter Burley 84, 85

264 Index

Guildford grass 157, 226 Indomalesian elements in King George Sound,WA 68 gungurru 181 Australian flora 93 Kings Park Botanic Gardens, gymnosperms,Tasmania 11 introduced pathogens 6, 17–18 Perth 21, 36, 134, 135 introduced plants 7, 156–7, 199, boabs 52, 53–4 Haemodoraceae 118 238 Mediterranean theme Haenke,Thadeo 131, 132 invasive plants 7, 8–9, 13, gardens 163 hair-pin banksia 138 223–4, 225, 230 Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens, Halocarpus 109 from Australia 225–6, 238 Cape Town 22 halophytes 51 Investigator (ship) 134, 136 kookaburras 2–3, 5, 6, 12 Halosarcia 51 Irises (Van Gogh) 150 Krautungalung people 234 Hamelin, Baron Emanuel 28 Irish strawberry tree 182 kunai 231 Hancock,W.K. 79 ironbarks 179 Kunzea baxteri 127 Hartog, Dirk 28 Hatfield garden, Sydney 202, jacaranda 176 Labillardière, Jacques 133, 135, 205 Jacaranda mimosaefolia 176 141 heath-leaved banksia 138 Japanese gardens 209, 210–11, lad’s love 38 hedgerow plants 222 2123 Lagarostrobos 105, 107 Hemodoraceae 33 Japanese knotweed 7 Lagarostrobos franklinii 11, 105, Henning, Rachel 117 Japanese maple 195 107 Heysen, Hans 194 jarrah xvi, 80–1 Lagerstromia indica 182 hierarchy, in naming of plants 37 Jones,Wyn 98 Lake Biwa, Kyoto, Japan 211 Himalayan balsam 7 Juncus maritimus 82 land clearing 156 Hindostanee gardens 192 Jurien Bay,WA 159, 160 and plant vulnerability 17, 114 honey possums 4 for agriculture 222–3 honeyeaters 4,6,12 kahikatea 112–14 landscape architects 195 Hooker, Sir William 117 kangaroo grass 11 landscape architecture 201 Botany of the Antarctic Voyage Kangaroo Island garden 201 landscape design 195–6 143 kangaroo paws 21, 33, 118, 196 landscapes, Australia xi, 194 identification of elements in kangaroos 57 Latreille, Anne 206 the Australian flora 92–3 kapok tree 62, 185 Laurasia 90 hoop pine 97 ‘Karkalla’, Mornington Leeuwin Current 161–2 Hopkins, Gerard Manly 228–9 Peninsula,Victoria 203, 204, legumes 78 Hough, Michael 229–30 205 lemon-scented gum 174, 180, Hughes, Robert 200 Karrakatta Cemetery chapel, 199, 201 human evolution xiv–xv Perth 150 lemurs 57 Huon pine 11, 105, 107, 118, ‘Karwarra’, Dandenong Ranges, Leptomeria acida 82 214 Victora 24, 25 Leptospermum laevigatum 225 kauri 11, 91, 97, 97, 98, 118 Leschenaultia 207 Illawarra flame tree 184–5 Kaurna people 234 Leschenaultia formosa 18, 151 Imperator cylindrica 82, 231 Keighery, Greg 39 Leucodendron serratifolium 138 imperial appropriation 36–40 Kenilworth ivy 227 Leucophyta brownii xvii, 21 indigenous, terminology 25 kerangas 96 Leucopogon maccraei 110 indigenous names of plants 38 Kew Magazine 143 Lewis, J.W.73, 74, 75 indigenous plants Kimberley gorge 47 lily relatives, in Australia 118 introduction into garden Kimberley Republic hypothesis limestone 13, 19, 28, 30, 31, vocabulary 44–6 59–60 164, 214, 227 use of 12–14 King, Captain Philip Parker 41, Linaria cymbalaria 227 see also local plants; native 48, 55, 56 Linnaeus 38, 51, 132, 134, 135, plants King Billy pine 92, 102, 102, 118 138

Index 265

literature 150 Mediterranean gardens 192 National Weeds Strategy 218 Livistona australis 81 and their physical context nation’s animals and plants, as local plants 158–63 works of art 6–8 design lessons and models design 166–71 native, terminology 25 21–5 style of garden 159 native cat 78 reasons for exceptions to use mediterraneity 157–8 native currant 82 197–9 Melaleuca 213, 214 native dusty miller 19, 84 reasons for use 12–13, Melaleuca acerosa 19 native gardens, in the suburbs 194–5, 196 Melaleuca elliptica 208, 213 82–3 use of 12–14 Melaleuca lanceolata 19, 166, 176 native hops 82 see also native plants Melbourne gum 17 native plants Lomatia 110 Melia azedarach 184, 225 becoming invasive in new Los Angeles 159, 160 Melia azedarach australasica 184, settings 13 ‘love ’em or lose ’em’ 198 introductions to horticulture proposition 15–18 Mermaid (ship) 41, 55, 56 46 Lovell, John 7 Metasequoia 105 reasons for making Metasequoia glyptostroboides 99, exceptions to use 197–9 Macrozamia riedlii 67–8, 67 103 sale through plant nurseries Madagascar 59 Mexican poppy 227 45 baobab pollination and Microcachrys 105 use of 194–5, 196 dispersal 57 Microcachrys tetragona 11, 104, see also local plants baobab species 51–2, 58, 60, 105–7 native rose 33, 34, 44, 78 62 Micromyrtus 20 native violets 44 floral similarities to Australia Microstrobus 105, 107 native wells 75–6 50 Microstrobus fitzgeraldii 107 natural boundaries 10 geographical similarities to Microstrobus niphophilus 107 Naturaliste (ship) 28 Australia 48–50 Millbrook Nature Reserve,WA naturalistic gardens 23–5 Magnoliales 111 4 Née, Luis 132 Mahony, Marion 84–5 minni-ritchis 176, 180 New Holland honeyeater 12 Malvaceae 33, 34 bark 181 New Zealand flora 105, 107, manna gum 179 Minorca 159, 160 108, 112–14, 212, 213 Maori plant names 38 Mitchell, Sir Thomas 68 naming of 38 marihuana 224 Molloy, Georgiana 84–5 Noble, David 98 marri 3, 187 Moraea flaccida 157 Nolan, Sydney 194 Marseilles 159 motifs 150 Norfolk Island 118 Marsilea 72 mountain ash 179 Norfolk Island pine 11, 15, 18, Mauritius 59, 133, 136 mountain bells 15 44, 91, 97, 104, 200 ‘Mediterranean’, terminology 158 mountain pepper 111 coastal planting 199, 200 Mediterranean climatic zones mountain plum pine 109 plan for use as ship masts 158–9 Mueller, Ferdinand 55, 107, 199–200 day length 159–60 131–2, 135 prostrate form 199, 200 geology 160–1 “My Country” 241 North, Marianne 145 influence of ocean currents Myoporum insulare 225 Nothofagus 93, 95, 107, 122, 161–2 Myrtaceae 33 184 latitudes 158, 159, 160, 161 evolutionary history 93–5 Nothofagus cunninghamii 184 localities 159 Myrtus communis 95 Nothofagus gunnii 93, 184 soil nutrient status 162, 163 Nothofagus moorei 94, 184 temperature and rainfall data Namatjira, Albert 194 noxious weeds 219, 221 161 naming of plants see plant names nursery trade 15, 45, 63, 100

266 Index

Nyoongah people 38, 68, 69, Phaner furcifer 57 Podocarpus grayi 108 234 Phillip, Governor Arthur 140 Podocarpus imbricatus 113 Phylidonyris nigra 4 Podocarpus ladei 108 oaks 10, 175, 222 Phyllocladaceae 105 Podocarpus lawrencei 108, 109, oats 221 Phyllocladus aspleniifolius 11, 105 110, 118 ocean currents, influence on Phytophthora cinnamomi 6, 18 use by gardeners 112 climate 161–2 Pimelea physodes 15, 16 Podocarpus spinulosus 108 olives 61, 165–6 Pimenta dioica 95 Podocarpus totara 108 onion grass 226 Pimenta racemosa 95 poinciana 85, 86, 224 onion weed 226–7 pine grevillea 129 poisonous plants 78–9 open spaces in gardens 203 Pinus pinea 167 pollen comparison 92, 99, Opuntia sp. 220 pioneer garden designers 101–2 Owenia verrucosa 185 205–15 popular names of plants 37–8, Oxford Companion to Gardens pioneer species 222, 238 40, 79 206 Pittosporum bicolor 110 Port Jackson Oxylobium 78 Pittosporum phylliraeoides 168, plant collecting 140 169 use of local timbers 80 painters, portrayal of Australian Pittosporum undulatum 13, 225 Portulaca grandiflora 35 landscapes 194 Planchonia 189 Portulacaceae 36, 39 Pangea 90 plant affinities 10 distribution 36 pansies 196 and national boundaries Powell, Robert 83, 84, 85, 236 paperbarks 38, 182 10–12 Preston, Margaret 150 Parakeelya xvii, 39 plant collectors 30, 32–5, 41, pretty grevillea 129 parakeelya 35, 39, 40, 117 66, 131, 132–3, 137, 138, prickly pear 156, 220 Parietaria debilis 84 140, 142, 147 primary colonisers 230 Park, Geoff 38, 113–14 plant invaders see invasive plants primrose 222 Parkinson, H. F.145 plant names 35–6, 37–40 Prostanthera lasianthos 110 Parkinson, Sydney 138–40 change of names xvii, 38–9 prostrate banksias 148, 199 ‘parsley’ 82 hierarchy 37 prostrate Norfolk Island pine Paterson’s curse 220 use of popular names 37–8, 199, 200 pathways 203, 214–15 40, 79 Proteaceae 91, 93, 109, 110 Peakall, Rod 101 validity of scientific names 37 at risk of dieback 18 pellitory 84 vocabularies 44 diversity 126–8 Pennisetum alopecuroides 227 plum pine 112 see also banksias; grevilleas pepper tree 62 plume grevillea 129 Prunopitys ladei 108 Peppermint Grove, Perth, Poa annua 227 garden 208 Podocarpaceae 11, 100, 104–14, Qualup bell 15, 16 peppermints xvi, 176 227 Queensland plum pine 100, 227 perennial border 203 Podocarpus 19, 20, 104, 110, 122 Queensland umbrella tree 213 perennial cress 228 distribution 107–9 Quercus agrifolia 19, 175 persistent bark 179 proposed genera split 108–9 Quercus ilex 19, 175 Persoonia 110 Podocarpus amarus 108 Quercus suber 10, 19, 175 Persoonia elliptica 38 Podocarpus dacrydioides 38, 113 quokka 67 Perth Podocarpus dispermus 108 gardens 83–4, 208 Podocarpus drouynianus 11, 107, red-flowering gum 3, 15, 17, influence of Leeuwin 108, 109 187, 207 Current on climate 161–2 Podocarpus elatus 18, 100, 108, red swamp banksia 134, 145 latitude 159, 160, 161 112, 122, 227–8 Réunion 59 temperature and rainfall 161 Podocarpus falcata 109 rhododendrons, place for 20–1

Index 267

Richea scoparia 120 Senecio viscosus 229 Stirling, E. C. 40 rimu 106, 211, 212, 213, 214 Sequoia 104 Stirling Range,WA 39, 130, 171 Riviera 159 Sequoia sempervirens 103, 103, stock feed 79 Roberts,Tom 194 162 Stones, Ellis 205, 206, 214 Roebuck (ship) 30 Sequoiadendron 104 Stones, Margaret 148 Roman pine 167 Sequoiadendron giganteum 103 Streeton, Arthur 194 Romneya coulteri 227, 228 Setonyx brachyurus 67 stringybarks 176, 179 Romulea rosea 157, 226 shade trees 197–8, 199 stromatolites rose gum 183 Shakespeare,William 229 Marble Bar,WA xiii roses, plant names 44 Shark Bay,WA xii, 29, 30, 36 Shark Bay,WA xii Rosser, Celia 131, 133, 148–50 she-oaks 81, 82 Sturt pea 41 illustrations in The Banksias she-pine 112 suburban gardens 209 148 sheep sorrel 221 successional change,Toronto quality of illustrations 148 Sibthorp, John 136 229–30 Rottnest cypress 116 Sida calyxhymenia 33,34 succulents 51, 197 Rottnest tea-tree 166, 167 silky oak 18, 129 sugar gum 44, 179–80, 194 Rowan, Marian Ellis 147 silver banksia 132, 133 summer scented wattle 38 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew silver birch 182 Sundacarpus amara 109 35, 36, 100 Smilax glyciphylla 82 Sunﬂowers (Van Gogh) 150, Royal Botanic Gardens, Smith, Edwin Dalton 141–3 197 Melbourne 25, 104, 121–2, Smith, James Edward 140 swamp cypress 104 135, 183, 185 Snape, Diana 199 Swan River Colony 68, 78 Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney snottygobble 38 Swan River mahogany 80 100, 122–3 Snugglepot and Cuddlepie (Gibbs) Swane River Republik Rumex maritimus 229 3, 151 hypothesis 60 Rumicastrum xvii, 39, 117 Society for Growing Australian Sweet, Robert, Flora australasica Rumicastrum chamaecladum 39 Plants movement 44 141 rushes 81–2 soil constraints (to plant sweet tea plant 82 Rutaceae 33 growth) 19–20 sweet William 38 rye 221 soils Sydney, climate 193 acidic 131 Symphomyrtus 186 Salentina, Italy alkaline 18, 19–20, 130 Syzygium aromaticum 95 comparison with Fremantle author’s garden 13, 18, 19, 164, 165 130 Tamala limestone 28, 30, 31 geology 164 nutrient status 96, 162, 163 tamarinds 86 multicultural identity 163–4 Solander, Daniel 133, 134, 135, Tamarindus indicus 86 salmon gum 183 138–40 taro 70 salt marsh plants 51 southern beech 93, 107, 184 Tarsipes rostratus 4 saltbush 39 Sparaxis bulbifera 157 Tasmania, site preservation 118 Sapindaceae 86 species diversity 238 Tasmanian pencil pine 102 Sarcocornia 51 spice plants 95 Tasmannia 110, 111 sassafras 111, 112 ‘spinac’ 82 plant structure 111 saw banksia 138, 139 spinifex 73 Tasmannia lanceolata 110, 111 Schefflera actinophylla 213 Spyridium globulosum 15, 19, 84 Tasmannia xerophila 110, 111 Schinus molle 62 State Weed Plans 218 Taxodiaceae 92, 102–4 scientiﬁc collecting 66 Stearn,William 136 distribution 103–4 seed collecting 13–14, 140 Steep Point,WA 28, 29, 30, 30, Taxodium distichum 104 Wollemi pine 99–100 31 taxonomic details, importance seed-ferns 90, 91 sticky groundsel 229 of 131

268 Index

taxonomists 131–2 Viola hederaceae 44 weedy specimens 224 Tchupalla Falls, far north vulnerability of plants, in their Wellingtonia 103 Queensland 236 natural environment 17–18 Wentworth, D’Arcy 82, Te Matua Ngahere (kauri) 98 122 tea-tree oil 82 wallabies 57 Western Australia Telopea 110 wallaby saltbush 84 satellite images 28, 29, 30 Telopea monagaensis 128 Wallace, Alfred Russel 132 State Weed Plan 218–19 Telopea truncata 121 Wallace’s Line 10 Western Australian ecosystems Templetonia retusa 13, 14, 15, 19, Walling, Edna 205, 206, 207, 8 38, 84 214 Western Australian Gardener Terminalia 189 waratah 121 207 Terminalia spp. 185 Warburton, Peter Egerton wheat 221, 222 Tetragona expansa 82 assessment of ‘bad country’ white cedar 198 thatching materials 81–2 73–4 White, John 82, 140 Themeda 11 crosses western half of the white-cheeked honeyeater 4 Thompson, John 192, 193 interior of the continent white pine 113 Threlkeldia diffusa 84 72–8 ‘wild celery’ 82 timber 80–1, 107 exploration party members wildflowers toadflax 227 73, 75 along roadsides 223, 224 tobacco 224 finds native wells 75–6 smothered by weeds 224 Toronto Spit, successional mindless assumption of WA 204 change 229–30 superiority 77 Wildflowers of Western Australia totara 108 relations with Aboriginal 145–6 tree-ferns 122 people 76–8 wildlife xenophobia 7–8 Trigger, David 85 reliance on ‘untutored Williams, Fred 23, 194 Triodia 73 native’, Charley 77–8 Willis, Jim 48 Tristania 95 suffering from the journey willows 156 Triteleia 226 74, 75 Wilson, Paul 39 tropical banksia 138 warm ocean currents 161–2 winter grass 227 tuart 198 water hyacinth 221 Winteraceae 109, 110–11 Tucker, Albert 194 water-wise plants 87 distribution 111 Watsonia spp. 57 Winter’s bark 110–11 University of Western Australia wattling 81 Wishing Tree, Farm Cove 2–3, 5, 104, 210, 212 Watts, Peter 206 122–3 Gondwanan flora 122 weed status 221–2 Woldendorp, Richard 194 Japanese Studies courtyard weeds 156–7, 218–31, 237–8 Wollemi pine 46, 63, 91, 213 agricultural 218, 219–23 97–102 Sunken Garden 207–9, 207, as colonists 229–31 adaptability 100, 101 208, 211–13, 214 definition 218, 219 commercial propagation 15, Uranie (ship) 28 environmental 218, 219, 100 223–4 discovery 98–9 Valparaiso, Chile 159 garden 218, 219, 226–8 DNA studies 101 Van Gogh,Vincent 150, 197 gardener’s friends and natural occurrence 99, 101 Vancouver, Captain George 69, enemies 228 pollen comparison 92, 99, 145, 147 in praise of 228–9 101–2 Vanessa itea 84 invasive nature 223–4, seed collecting 99–100 Venice 159, 160 225–6, 230 seed germination 100 verge strip 203, 223 terminology 224–5 site preservation 118 Victorian tea-tree 225 see also garden escapes Wollemia 91, 97

Index 269

Wollemia nobilis 46, 92, 98, 99, woollybarks 176 yam grounds 69–71 100, 102 Yanchep National Park 3 woodbine 222 Xanthorrhoea hastilis 82 Woodford, James, The Wollemi Xanthorrhoea preissei 38, 159 Zamia palm 67, 69 Pine 99, 100, 101–2 Xanthorrhoea spp. 168 Zantedeschia aethiopica 157 woolly orange banksia 141–2, Xanthorrhoeaceae 118 Zuytdorp (ship) 30 142 Xanthostemon 189 Zuytdorp Cliffs,WA 30, 31

270 Index