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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND VOLUME 33 FORTY THIRD ANNUAL CONFERENCE HELD AT THE COTSWOLD HOTEL, CHRISTCHURCH. DECEMBER 2008 Published by the Nutrition Society of New Zealand (Inc.) Please address all inquiries and correspondence concerning the purchase and back issues to: Dr Louise Brough Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health Massey University Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North New Zealand [email protected] [ISSN 0110-4187] Edited by: L. Brough The assistance of members of the Nutrition Society in proof reading and reviewing the papers published in these proceedings is gratefully acknowledged. Printed by:- Massey University Press, Palmerston North, N.Z. CONTENTS MURIEL BELL MEMORIAL LECTURE 2008 Nutrition research – to specialise or not to specialise C.M. SKEAFF 1 Human Nutrition Food Security: Current research initiatives, globally and in New Zealand W.R. PARNELL and C. SMITH 4 Obesity: More complex than just a case of too much junk food S. PENNY 14 Food, Families and Wh ānau: Understanding the Family Food Environment in New Zealand B. CORNFORTH-CAMDEN, R. WHITING, S. WALKER and M. MAKO 19 Industry making changes for the better, but don’t tell the consumer J. DICK 24 Vegetarianism, vitamin B 12 status and insulin resistance in South Asian women C.S. GAMMON, P.R. VON HURST, R. KRUGER and W. STONEHOUSE 27 Bone density, calcium intake and vitamin D status in South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand P.R. VON HURST, M.C. KRUGER, W. STONEHOUSE and J. COAD 32 Effect of low dose iron supplementation during pregnancy on maternal iron status L. BROUGH, G.A. REES, M.A. CRAWFORD 39 Iron status of female university students living in New Zealand K. BECK, C. CONLON, R. KRUGER, C. MATTHYS, J. COAD, A.L.M. HEATH and W. STONEHOUSE 46 Nutrient aberrations in people with coeliac disease after the institution of a gluten free diet D. MACKENZIE, R. LENTLE, and J. COAD 51 Aspireforlife.com: a research based weight loss programme for Kiwis K.C. WHITE and H. CHEONG 57 Plasma PUFA and liver enzymes in HIV-infected subjects: The PURE Study W. STONEHOUSE, A. KRUGER, C.M. SMUTS, D. LOOTS and H.H. VORSTER 62 What are the midlife health concerns of NZ women C GUNN, J WEBER and J COAD 68 Identifying schoolchildren at risk of overweight / obesity – development of a screening tool R KRUGER, HS KRUGER, UE MACINTYRE 74 Obesity prevention strategies in Counties Manukau C. WILDERMOTH 79 The knowledge and use of sports drinks in talented adolescent athletes S.J. BURKHART and J. COAD 85 Food and Nutrition Does consuming berries reduce blood pressure in a hypertensive rat model? C.A. BUTTS, H. MARTIN, I. SINGH, D HEDDERLEY and TK McGHIE 91 Harakeke (Phormium tenax ) seed oil L.P. VANHANEN, G.P. SAVAGE and P.C. DUTTA 97 Predicting glycaemic responses from in vitro digestion of food carbohydrates using dose-sensitive baselines for glucose homeostasis J. A. MONRO, S. MISHRA and B. J. VENN 107 Absorption and metabolism of red lettuce phenolics in rats S.C. MORRISON, N.I. JOYCE, C.A. BUTTS and C.E. LISTER 114 Effect of extraction method of grape seed on the protection from oxidative processes in beef patties A.A. BEKHIT, S.E. MORTON and J.D. MORTON 119 Oxalate content of purslane regrowth is unaffected by differing repeat harvesting regimes S.T. KARENO, M.J.S. MORLEY-BUNKER and G.P. SAVAGE 126 An exploration of consumer preference for different formulations of tomato jam J. M. BUSCH and G.P. SAVAGE 132 Vacuum fried jackfruit: effect of maturity, pre-treatment and processing on the physiochemical and sensory L.M. DIAMANTE 138 Animal Nutrition Maintenance energy requirements of grazing ruminants I.M. BROOKES and A.M. NICOL 143 The effect of heat processing on selenium balance in cats fed dietary inorganic and organic selenium S.E. TODD, C.E. UGARTE, L.A. TUCKER and D.G. THOMAS 148 Broiler performance is adversely affected by higher pelleting temperatures M.R. ABDOLLAHI, V. RAVINDRAN, T. J. WESTER, G. RAVINDRAN and D.V. THOMAS 153 Communications Satiety – why we feel full S.M.S. CHUNG, P.J. MOUGHAN and A. AWATI 159 Effects of Probiotic on weaner pig performances M. D. HONEYFIELD-ROSS, R. NKAMBA and P.C.H. MOREL 160 Estimation of genetic potential for maximum protein deposition rate and energy partitioning in growing pigs. P.C.H. MOREL and A.VISSER 161 Immune enhancing potential of a canola oil-based supplement in the cat K.J. RUTHERFURD-MARKWICK, M.C. MCGRATH, K. WEIDGRAAF, D.G. THOMAS and W.H. HENDRIKS 162 Omega-3 PUFA status from farmed salmon compared to salmon oil capsules M.R. PAUGA, R. KRUGER, M. WONG, Y. WANG, M.C. KRUGER and W. STONEHOUSE 163 The effect of probiotics (Yakult®) on breath hydrogen patterns after lactulose and symptoms in IBS patients with an early breath hydrogen rise – a proof of concept study J.S. BARRETT, K.E.K. CANALE, R.B. GEARRY, P.M. IRVING and P.R. GIBSON 164 Effect of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids on cytokine levels in feline whole blood cell cultures D. PALEVICH, K. J. RUTHERFURD-MARKWICK, D.G. THOMAS, P.C.H MOREL and M C MCGRATH 165 Are dietary blackcurrant and green tea polyphenols available for metabolism in the brain? C.A. BUTTS, N.I. JOYCE, D. GANESHAN, F.M. ANDREWS, S.C. MORRISON, A. SCHEEPENS and C.E. LISTER 166 Nutrition screening in older adults with fall related fractures C. WHAM and S. FLEMING 167 Iron status and cognitive function in female university students C. CONLON, K. BECK, S. HILL, J. PODD, R. KRUGER, C. MATTHYS, J. COAD, A.L.M. HEATH and W. STONEHOUSE 168 Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs among a sample of South Asian women in Auckland, New Zealand M. TSAI, W. STONEHOUSE, P. VON HURST and C. WHAM 169 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 170 Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand, 2008, Vol. 33 1 MURIEL BELL MEMORIAL LECTURE 2008 Nutrition research – to specialise or not to specialise C.M. SKEAFF Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand It was a privilege to be invited to deliver the 2008 Muriel Bell Lecture, an annual lecture of the New Zealand Nutrition Society to honour the pioneering contribution of Dr Muriel Bell to medical and nutritional sciences. It was not difficult to find historical records of Dr Bell’s research activities but equally accessible and impressive were the accounts of her efforts to improve the quality of the New Zealand food supply, and educate New Zealanders about good nutrition (Mein Smith, 2007). Her drive to improve the health of the nation through good nutrition was accomplished through official roles in the Department of Health, as well as involvement in a number of health professional bodies and scholarly association. Interestingly, she was also a regular contributor in the Listener magazine in the 1940s and 50s. Dr Bell’s lifelong commitment to learning how good nutrition affects health and her dedication to translating that knowledge into action are, in the light of history, ample testimony that she was worthy of the distinction of being the first woman awarded an MD by the University of Otago. The title of this year’s Muriel Bell lecture was “Nutrition Research – to specialise or not to specialise” and was a play on the wording of the conference theme “To eat or not to eat”. All who choose a career in nutrition research will face at least once, if not more frequently, the decision to focus their lifelong research efforts on a single topic, or choose a diverse range of topics to which a common set of investigative skills can be applied. The former choice often enables individuals to generate and disseminate discoveries about a topic that, experience shows, evolve in their uniqueness and insightfulness only through decades of singular and tireless research. Such individuals tend to become recognised experts in that topic. The latter choice – a diversity of topics – has a captivating allure because the researcher is forever engaged in learning about and responding to new areas of knowledge and in acquiring a diverse set of approaches to research. The diverse approach can foster a broader understanding of nutritional sciences, however, diversity can lead to superficiality because there is less time to learn about and research each of the many topics. Collaboration with other researchers fosters discovery whether one chooses a single or diverse research focus, but, one fact is certain, the diverse approach is all but impossible without collaboration. The research career I have pursued involves a range of research topics, all of which are the outcome of collaboration with other scientists. The remainder of the Muriel Bell Lecture will touch on a few of these research topics and the knowledge that has been generated from them. 1. Can a meat-rich diet improve iron status in women with non-anaemic iron deficiency? A randomised controlled trial (Heath et al ., 2001). 2. A diet high in fruit and vegetables improves plasma concentrations of antioxidants but has not effect on plasma cholesterol concentrations (Zino et al., 1997). 3. A diet high in vitamin E-rich foods has little effect on plasma vitamin E concentrations (McGavin et al., 2001). Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand, 2008, Vol. 33 2 4. Tuatara in captivity are hyperlipidaemic and have lower proportions of plasma n-3 fatty acid in comparison with their counterparts in the wild (Cartland-Shaw et al., 1998; Blair et al., 2000). 5. Margarine consumption was a major predictor of trans fatty acids status in New Zealand before the advent of ‘trans-free’ margarines (Skeaff and Gowans, 2006).