Toxicological Profile for Arsenic
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Drug Safety Oversight Board Members
April 29, 2021 Drug Safety Oversight Board (DSOB) Roster Chair • Douglas Throckmorton, M.D., Deputy Director for Regulatory Programs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Executive Director • Terry Toigo, R.Ph, MBA Associate Director for Drug Safety Operations, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Office of the Center Director (OCD) Primary Member: • Robert Temple, M.D., Deputy Director for Clinical Science Office of New Drugs (OND) Primary Member: • Mary Thanh Hai, M.D., Deputy Director, Office of New Drugs Alternate Members: • Peter Stein, M.D., Director, Office of New Drugs • Ellis Unger, M.D., Director, Office of Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology (OCHEN) Office of Medical Policy (OMP) Primary Member: • Jacqueline Corrigan-Curay, Director Alternate Member: • Leonard V. Sacks, Mgr. Supervisory Medical Officer Office of Generic Drugs (OGD) Primary Member: • Linda Forsyth, M.D., Division of Clinical Review Alternate Member: • Vacant Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology (OSE) Primary Members: • Mark I. Avigan, M.D., Associate Director for Critical Path Initiatives • Judy Zander, M.D., Director, Office of Pharmacoviligance and Epidemiology (OPE) Alternate Members: • Gerald DalPan, M.D., M.H.S., Director, OSE • S. Chris Jones, Deputy Director, Division of Pharmacovigilance (DPV) II • Judy Staffa, Ph.D., R.Ph., Associate Director for Public Health Initiatives -Page 1 of 4- April 29, 2021 • Cynthia LaCivita, R.Ph, Director, Division -
An Investigation of the Crystal Growth of Heavy Sulfides in Supercritical
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF LEROY CRAWFORD LEWIS for the Ph. D. (Name) (Degree) in CHEMISTRY presented on (Major) (Date) Title: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CRYSTAL GROWTH OF HEAVY SULFIDES IN SUPERCRITICAL HYDROGEN SULFIDE Abstract approved Redacted for privacy Dr. WilliarriIJ. Fredericks Solubility studies on the heavy metal sulfides in liquid hydrogen sulfide at room temperature were carried out using the isopiestic method. The results were compared with earlier work and with a theoretical result based on Raoult's Law. A relative order for the solubilities of sulfur and the sulfides of tin, lead, mercury, iron, zinc, antimony, arsenic, silver, and cadmium was determined and found to agree with the theoretical result. Hydrogen sulfide is a strong enough oxidizing agent to oxidize stannous sulfide to stannic sulfide in neutral or basic solution (with triethylamine added). In basic solution antimony trisulfide is oxi- dized to antimony pentasulfide. In basic solution cadmium sulfide apparently forms a bisulfide complex in which three moles of bisul- fide ion are bonded to one mole of cadmium sulfide. Measurements were made extending the range over which the volumetric properties of hydrogen sulfide have been investigated to 220 °C and 2000 atm. A virial expression in density was used to represent the data. Good agreement, over the entire range investi- gated, between the virial expressions, earlier work, and the theorem of corresponding states was found. Electrical measurements were made on supercritical hydro- gen sulfide over the density range of 10 -24 moles per liter and at temperatures from the critical temperature to 220 °C. Dielectric constant measurements were represented by a dielectric virial ex- pression. -
Theoretical Studies on As and Sb Sulfide Molecules
Mineral Spectroscopy: A Tribute to Roger G. Bums © The Geochemical Society, Special Publication No.5, 1996 Editors: M. D. Dyar, C. McCammon and M. W. Schaefer Theoretical studies on As and Sb sulfide molecules J. A. TOSSELL Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A. Abstract-Dimorphite (As4S3) and realgar and pararealgar (As4S4) occur as crystalline solids con- taining As4S3 and As4S4 molecules, respectively. Crystalline As2S3 (orpiment) has a layered structure composed of rings of AsS3 triangles, rather than one composed of discrete As4S6 molecules. When orpiment dissolves in concentrated sulfidic solutions the species produced, as characterized by IR and EXAFS, are mononuclear, e.g. ASS3H21, but solubility studies suggest trimeric species in some concentration regimes. Of the antimony sulfides only Sb2S3 (stibnite) has been characterized and its crystal structure does not contain Sb4S6 molecular units. We have used molecular quantum mechanical techniques to calculate the structures, stabilities, vibrational spectra and other properties of As S , 4 3 As4S4, As4S6, As4SIO, Sb4S3, Sb4S4, Sb4S6 and Sb4SlO (as well as S8 and P4S3, for comparison with previous calculations). The calculated structures and vibrational spectra are in good agreement with experiment (after scaling the vibrational frequencies by the standard correction factor of 0.893 for polarized split valence Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field calculations). The calculated geometry of the As4S. isomer recently characterized in pararealgar crystals also agrees well with experiment and is calculated to be about 2.9 kcal/mole less stable than the As4S4 isomer found in realgar. The calculated heats of formation of the arsenic sulfide gas-phase molecules, compared to the elemental cluster molecules As., Sb, and S8, are smaller than the experimental heats of formation for the solid arsenic sulfides, but shown the same trend with oxidation state. -
Medical Toxicology Milestone Project
The Medical Toxicology Milestone Project A Joint Initiative of The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and The American Board of Emergency Medicine July 2015 The Medical Toxicology Milestone Project The Milestones are designed only for use in evaluation of the fellow in the context of their participation in ACGME-accredited residency or fellowship programs. The Milestones provide a framework for assessment of the development of the fellow in key dimensions of the elements of physician competency in a specialty or subspecialty. They neither represent the entirety of the dimensions of the six domains of physician competency, nor are they designed to be relevant in any other context. i Medical Toxicology Milestones Chair: Susanne White, MD Working Group Advisory Group Michele M. Burns, MD, MPH Timothy Brigham, MDiv, PhD Beth Baker, MD Wallace Carter, MD Laura Edgar, EdD, CAE William W. Greaves, MD, MSPH Lewis Nelson, MD Robert Johnson, MD Louis Ling, MD Earl Reisdorff, MD ii Milestone Reporting This document presents milestones designed for programs to use in semi-annual review of fellow performance and reporting to the ACGME. Milestones are knowledge, skills, attitudes, and other attributes for each of the ACGME competencies organized in a developmental framework from less to more advanced. They are descriptors and targets for fellow performance as a fellow moves from entry into fellowship through graduation. In the initial years of implementation, the Review Committee will examine milestone performance data for each program’s fellows as one element in the Next Accreditation System (NAS) to determine whether fellows overall are progressing. For each period, review and reporting will involve selecting milestone levels that best describe a fellow’s current performance and attributes. -
ARSENIC in DRINKING-WATER Pp33-40.Qxd 11/10/2004 10:08 Page 40 Pp41-96.Qxd 11/10/2004 10:19 Page 41
pp33-40.qxd 11/10/2004 10:08 Page 39 ARSENIC IN DRINKING-WATER pp33-40.qxd 11/10/2004 10:08 Page 40 pp41-96.qxd 11/10/2004 10:19 Page 41 ARSENIC IN DRINKING-WATER 1. Exposure Data 1.1 Chemical and physical data Arsenic is the 20th most common element in the earth’s crust, and is associated with igneous and sedimentary rocks, particularly sulfidic ores. Arsenic compounds are found in rock, soil, water and air as well as in plant and animal tissues. Although elemental arsenic is not soluble in water, arsenic salts exhibit a wide range of solubilities depending on pH and the ionic environment. Arsenic can exist in four valency states: –3, 0, +3 and +5. Under reducing conditions, the +3 valency state as arsenite (AsIII) is the dominant form; the +5 valency state as arsenate (AsV) is generally the more stable form in oxygenized environ- ments (Boyle & Jonasson, 1973; National Research Council, 1999; O’Neil, 2001; WHO, 2001). Arsenic species identified in water are listed in Table 1. Inorganic AsIII and AsV are the major arsenic species in natural water, whereas minor amounts of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) can also be present. The trivalent mono- methylated (MMAIII) and dimethylated (DMAIII) arsenic species have been detected in lake water (Hasegawa et al., 1994, 1999). The presence of these trivalent methylated arsenical species is possibly underestimated since only few water analyses include a solvent sepa- ration step required to identify these trivalent species independently from their respective a Table 1. Some arsenic species identified in water Name Abbreviation Chemical formula CAS No. -
KNOWN and SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGENS Carcinogens Reference List
KNOWN AND SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGENS Carcinogens Reference List SOURCE AGENCY CARCINOGEN CLASSIFICATIONS: OSHA (O) Occupational Safety and Health Administration ACGIH (G) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists A1 Confirmed human carcinogen. A2 Suspected human carcinogen. A3 Animal carcinogen. “Available evidence suggests that the agent is not likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.” A4 Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. “There are inadequate data on which to classify the agent in terms of its carcinogenicity in humans and/or animals.” A5 Not suspected as a human carcinogen. IARC (I) International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization) 1 The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. 2A The agent (mixture) is probably carcinogenic to humans; there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. 2B The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans; there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans in the absence of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. 3 The agent (mixture, exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. 4 The agent (mixture, exposure circumstance) is probably not carcinogenic to humans. NTP (N) National Toxicology Program (Health and Human Services Dept., Public Health Service, NIH/NIEHS) 1 Known to be carcinogens. 2 Reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens. CP65 California Proposition 65, “Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer.” Abbreviation: n.o.s. Not otherwise specified; i.e., there is no PEL or TLV. Note: CASRNs fitting the pattern 0-##-0 or 1-##-0 are generated for electronic database purposes only. -
Indicators Versus Electrodes
Indicators versus Electrodes Titrant Indicator for visual endpoint Sample information Electrode Combined pH electrode for Acetic acid All indicators - aqueous solution Sample contains silver salt or Ferric ammonium sulfate TS silver nitrate VS is added in Combined silver electrode Ammonium thiocyanate excess for residual titration Ferric ammonium sulfate TS Sample contains mercury Combined gold electrode Other indicators Combined silver electrode Copper ion-selective electrode Barium Perchlorate All indicators and Ag/AgCl reference electrode Surfactant electrode resistant to Methylene blue Chlorinated solvents are used chlorinated solvents and Ag/AgCl reference electrode Benzethonium Chloride Surfactant electrode suitable for Other indicators non-ionic surfactants and Ag/AgCl reference electrode Copper ion-selective electrode Bismuth Nitrate All indicators and Ag/AgCl reference electrode Bromine All indicators Combined platinum electrode Ceric Ammonium Nitrate All indicators Combined platinum electrode Ceric Ammonium Sulfate All indicators Combined platinum electrode Ceric Sulfate All indicators Combined platinum electrode Copper ion-selective electrode Cupric Nitrate All indicators and Ag/AgCl reference electrode Polarizable gold or platinum Dichlorophenol–Indophenol All indicators electrode Hydroxy naphthol blue, calconcarboxylic acid Combined calcium ion-selective triturate, or combined calcium ion-selective electrode electrode Edetate Disodium Copper ion-selective electrode Other potentiometric indication and Ag/AgCl reference electrode -
Ar~S and Sciences
THE ELEG'rHOL'fTIG OXIDATIOU OF POTASSIU:\[ ARSIGMI~rE BY :MARION VAUM AD.Alf[S A 'rhesis Submitted for the Degree of MAStrER OF AHfrs Ar~s and Sciences UHIVJ3JHSI'l1Y' OF ALABAMA 1924 ACKNOWLEDGMENT. On eompletion of the :present work I wish to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Stewart :r. Lloyd, who has offered many valid suggestfons and aided materially in making the work a success. I also.wish to thank the Department of Chemistry of the University of Alabama for making the research possible. Marion Vaun Adams University, Ala. May 1, 1924. THE ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION OF POTASSIUM ARSElHTE. Potassium arsenate is a comparatively unknown compound, that is, very little experimental work has been done with it, and since no important use has been found for it no attempt has been made to produce it in large quantities. Several arsenic compounds are very useful in destroying insects whic~ have prov,en themselves enemies to the life of eco nomi~ plants. Probably the first of these was the well-known Paris Green which contains copper and acetic acid as well as ar senic. As copper was a fairly expensive metal, and since the acet ic acid served no useful purpose, this was followed and to acer tain extent replaced by lead arsenate, which does the same work at a considerably less coat. The users of Paris Green usually ass ociated the green color, due to copper, with its effectiveness, so that arsenate of lead, which is white, had a strong prejudice to overcome at first. Another member of the arsenic family to come into prominence is calcium arsenate. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
As2se3)100 – X(Sb2se3)X Glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR Using a Multivariate Curve Resolution Approach Eva Cernoˇskov´A,J.ˇ Holubov´A,B
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by HAL-Rennes 1 Thermoanalytical properties and structure of (As2Se3)100 { x(Sb2Se3)x glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR using a multivariate curve resolution approach Eva Cernoˇskov´a,J.ˇ Holubov´a,B. Bureau, C. Roiland, V. Nazabal, R. Todorov, Z Cernoˇsekˇ To cite this version: Eva Cernoˇskov´a,J.ˇ Holubov´a,B. Bureau, C. Roiland, V. Nazabal, et al.. Thermoanalytical properties and structure of (As2Se3)100 { x(Sb2Se3)x glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR using a multivariate curve resolution approach. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Elsevier, 2016, 432 (B), pp.426-431. <10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.10.044>. <hal-01231157> HAL Id: hal-01231157 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01231157 Submitted on 20 May 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Thermoanalytical properties and structure of (As2Se3)100-x(Sb2Se3)x glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR using a multivariate curve resolution approach E. Černošková1, J. Holubová3, B. Bureau2, C. Roiland2, V. Nazabal2, R. Todorov4, Z. Černošek3 1Joint Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry of IMC CAS, v.v.i., and University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 84, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic, [email protected] 2ISCR, UMR-CNRS 6226, University of Rennes 1, France. -
Adverse Health Effects of Heavy Metals in Children
TRAINING FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS [Date …Place …Event …Sponsor …Organizer] ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS IN CHILDREN Children's Health and the Environment WHO Training Package for the Health Sector World Health Organization www.who.int/ceh October 2011 1 <<NOTE TO USER: Please add details of the date, time, place and sponsorship of the meeting for which you are using this presentation in the space indicated.>> <<NOTE TO USER: This is a large set of slides from which the presenter should select the most relevant ones to use in a specific presentation. These slides cover many facets of the problem. Present only those slides that apply most directly to the local situation in the region. Please replace the examples, data, pictures and case studies with ones that are relevant to your situation.>> <<NOTE TO USER: This slide set discusses routes of exposure, adverse health effects and case studies from environmental exposure to heavy metals, other than lead and mercury, please go to the modules on lead and mercury for more information on those. Please refer to other modules (e.g. water, neurodevelopment, biomonitoring, environmental and developmental origins of disease) for complementary information>> Children and heavy metals LEARNING OBJECTIVES To define the spectrum of heavy metals (others than lead and mercury) with adverse effects on human health To describe the epidemiology of adverse effects of heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper and Thallium) in children To describe sources and routes of exposure of children to those heavy metals To understand the mechanism and illustrate the clinical effects of heavy metals’ toxicity To discuss the strategy of prevention of heavy metals’ adverse effects 2 The scope of this module is to provide an overview of the public health impact, adverse health effects, epidemiology, mechanism of action and prevention of heavy metals (other than lead and mercury) toxicity in children. -
The Deactivation of Industrial SCR Catalysts—A Short Review
energies Review The Deactivation of Industrial SCR Catalysts—A Short Review Agnieszka Szymaszek *, Bogdan Samojeden * and Monika Motak * Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (M.M.) Received: 2 July 2020; Accepted: 24 July 2020; Published: 29 July 2020 Abstract: One of the most harmful compounds are nitrogen oxides. Currently, the common industrial method of nitrogen oxides emission control is selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH3-SCR). Among all of the recognized measures, NH3-SCR is the most effective and reaches even up to 90% of NOx conversion. The presence of the catalyst provides the surface for the reaction to proceed and lowers the activation energy. The optimum temperature of the process is in the range of 150–450 ◦C and the majority of the commercial installations utilize vanadium oxide (V2O5) supported on titanium oxide (TiO2) in a form of anatase, wash coated on a honeycomb monolith or deposited on a plate-like structures. In order to improve the mechanical stability and chemical resistance, the system is usually promoted with tungsten oxide (WO3) or molybdenum oxide (MoO3). The efficiency of the commercial V2O5-WO3-TiO2 catalyst of NH3-SCR, can be gradually decreased with time of its utilization. Apart from the physical deactivation, such as high temperature sintering, attrition and loss of the active elements by volatilization, the system can suffer from chemical poisoning. All of the presented deactivating agents pass for the most severe poisons of V2O5-WO3-TiO2.