The Challenges of a Change in Practice
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The Challenges of a Change in Practice The story of an experienced principal’s journey through the change process at a struggling urban elementary school by Eileen Ann Amato Bachelor of Science, University of Pittsburgh, 1977 Masters in the Art of Teaching, University of Pittsburgh, 1979 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education University of Pittsburgh UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF EDUCATION This dissertation was presented by Eileen Ann Amato It was defended on March 6, 2008 and approved by Dr. William E. Bickel, Administration and Policy Studies Dr. Charlene A. Trovato, Administration and Policy Studies Mr. Joseph Werlenich, Administration and Policy Studies Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Sue Ann Goodwin, Administration and Policy Studies ii Copyright © by Eileen Ann Amato 2008 iii Abstract This study examines the challenges and complexities within the role of a building principal during a time of reform. Presented from the lens and voice of an experienced principal who came to a struggling urban elementary school, this portrayal represents three years of key moments of change as collected, described and interpreted from the lens of the principal. Compiled as a series of narrative accounts, the storied snapshots were crafted from personal journal notes along with supporting details obtained from sources such as meeting notes, emails, surveys and other day-to-day documents reflecting a change in practice. Organized around several collections of “key moments of change,” rich description and additional narrative devices are used to examine various human experiences related to leading during change. A representation of stakeholders within a building are portrayed – teachers, support staff, parents. Along with a description of the external environment and context from this single instance of change, the underlying emotions, hopes, reactions and moral dispositions of the building level leader interacting with others is examined and interpreted. The study reveals that leading during change holds unique challenges that are frequently in conflict. Both a sense of rigidity needed to meet the present accountability required from schools yet a flexibility to deal with the diverse human side of teachers, students and parents is required within the role. Throughout the study, specific examples of these paradoxes and dichotomies are described and interpreted. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ......................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: THE CHALLENGES OF CHANGE A Change in Leadership .....................................................................................1 A Change in Practice..........................................................................................2 The Paradox of Change .....................................................................................3 The Challenges of Change.................................................................................4 Challenge 1..............................................................................................5 Challenge 2..............................................................................................7 Challenge 3..............................................................................................9 Challenge 4............................................................................................11 Challenge 5............................................................................................16 Challenge 6............................................................................................19 A New Leader for Change ................................................................................23 CHAPTER 2: INTENT OF THE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY Introduction.......................................................................................................24 Statement of Intent ...........................................................................................25 Guiding Research Questions............................................................................26 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................26 Methodology and Procedures Key Moments of Change ..................................27 The Context......................................................................................................31 Key Moments of Change ..................................................................................32 The Context Changed ......................................................................................34 Data Collection .................................................................................................34 Positioning of Self in the Study.........................................................................35 Logic of Justification .........................................................................................38 Narrative Voice.................................................................................................38 Interpreting the Results ....................................................................................41 Addressing the Literature .................................................................................42 CHAPTER 3: CONTEXT OF THE STUDY: THE HISTORY OF JEFFERSON SCHOOL The Context of Change ....................................................................................45 A Shining School in Better Days.......................................................................45 v Urban Renewal and the "White Flight" .............................................................46 A Community Stressed.....................................................................................47 A School District Stressed…………………………………………………………..48 The Privatization of Franklin Elementary ..........................................................50 A Fierce Political Battle.....................................................................................51 A Spotlight on Failure .......................................................................................51 Legislative Pressures to Improve......................................................................52 A University Partnership ...................................................................................54 My Entry at Jefferson School............................................................................55 The Pennsylvania Distinguished Educators .....................................................57 The Center for Data Driven Reform..................................................................58 A Culture of Mistrust .........................................................................................59 Urban Leadership Challenges ..........................................................................59 A School Neglected ..........................................................................................61 A Distanced Staff..............................................................................................62 A Labor Union Empowered ..............................................................................64 Complex Leadership for a Complex Context ....................................................65 CHAPTER 4: INDIVIDUAL STORIES OF CHANGE Introduction.......................................................................................................67 PART 1 Key Moments with LaKeisha..................................................................69 Key Moments with Josephine ................................................................71 Key Moments with Mike.........................................................................73 Key Moments with Gail ..........................................................................74 Interpreting the Key Moments - Part 1 ...................................................76 PART 2 Key Moments with Jen and Mandy ........................................................89 Key Moments with Carol........................................................................91 Key Moments with Ted and Paulette .....................................................93 Interpreting the Key Moments - Part 2 ...................................................95 PART 3 Key Moments with LaQuanna..............................................................111 Key Moments with Ms. Cox ................................................................112 Key Moments with Ana ........................................................................114 Interpreting the Key Moments - Part 3 .................................................116 CHAPTER 5: THE CONTEXT CHANGED Inroduction......................................................................................................125 A Spirit of Community.....................................................................................128 Job Embedded Professional Development.....................................................133 vi From a Scripted to a Balanced Literacy Program...........................................135 Child Centered Decision Making and Approaches to Learning ......................142 Buildingwide Positive Behavior Support Plan .................................................146 Removal from the Empowerment List.............................................................151