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Living Together: Projects Promoting Inclusion in 11 Eu Cities LivingTohether-cover-1011:Layout 1 10/12/2011 11:39 AM Page 1 BERLIN COPENHAGEN AT HOME IN EUROPE LIVING TOGETHER: PROJECTS PROMOTING INCLUSION IN 11 EU CITIES HAMBURG LEICESTER Living TOGETHER MARSEILLE PARIS Projects Promoting Inclusion in 11 EU Cities ROTTERDAM Living Together in Europe Living Together Projects Promoting Inclusion in 11 EU Cities At Home in Europe Project New York – London – Budapest ©2011 Open Society Foundations This publication is available as a pdf on the Open Society Foundations website under a Creative Commons license that allows copying and distributing the publication, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Open Society Foundations and used for noncommercial purposes. ISBN: 978-1-936133-52-9 Published by OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS 400 West 59th Street New York, NY 10019 USA For more information contact: AT HOME IN EUROPE PROJECT OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATION 100 Cambridge Grove W6 0LE London UK Website www.soros.org/initiatives/home All photographs on commission by Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations: (front cover) Berlin: ©Malte Jäger; (back cover) Berlin: © Malte Jäger; Copenhagen: © Mikkel Østergaard; Hamburg: © Andrea Diefenbach; Leicester: © Karen Robinson; Marseille and Paris: © William Daniels; Rotterdam: © Chris de Bode. Cover design by Ahlgrim Design Group, Layout by Q.E.D. Publishing, Printed in Hungary Table of Contents Acknowledgements 6 Introduction 8 Identity, belonging and interaction 10 Community initiatives and activities 11 Organisations and initiatives for positive community relations 13 Organisations and initiatives for developing positive identities and a sense of belonging 18 Improving the participation and interaction of women 22 Interaction through culture and sport 26 Education 28 Collection of data and statistics 28 Educational advice and support 29 Anti-discrimination measures 34 Faith in schools 36 Language skills 37 Local and regional initiatives 40 Guidelines for teachers 44 Employment and training 46 Collection of data and statistics 47 Advice and support on careers, training and employment discrimination 50 Training and employment provision 56 Encouraging entrepreneurs 64 Employment support for women 67 AT HOME IN EUROPE PROJECT 3 Housing 69 Urban renewal projects 70 Housing segregation and discrimination 72 Local housing initiatives and neighbourhood projects 73 Health 77 Collection of data and statistics 78 Facilities in health services 79 Local initiatives to improve health care 82 Policing and security 96 Collection of data and statistics 97 Countering the negative impact of anti-terrorism policy 102 Community outreach work 104 Hate crime 108 Youth crime 112 The role of mosques 115 Minority representation in the police 117 Police training initiatives 121 Participation and Citizenship 129 Promoting participation in civil society 130 Promoting political participation 134 Examples of civil society organisations and campaigns 136 Initiatives for community engagement with local authorities 139 The role of mosques 142 The Role of the Media 146 Improving media coverage and community cohesion 147 Media for minority groups 149 Media by minority groups: improving inclusion and participation 150 Notes 158 Index 189 4 OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS 2011 Open Society Foundations Mission Statement The Open Society Foundations work to build vibrant and tolerant democracies whose governments are accountable to their citizens. Working with local communities in more than 70 countries, the Open Society Foundations support justice and human rights, freedom of expression, and access to public health and education. AT HOME IN EUROPE PROJECT 5 Acknowledgements ‘Living Together: Projects Promoting Inclusion in 11 EU Cities’ is a compilation of good practices on social inclusion and non-discrimination identified during the Open Society Foundations research series, “Muslims in EU cities”. It contains projects and initiatives from the following cities in Europe: Amsterdam; Antwerp; Berlin; Copenhagen; Hamburg; Leicester; Marseille; Paris; Rotterdam; Stockholm; and London. This report was prepared by the At Home in Europe Project of the Open Society Foundations. We are grateful to Dr Gavin Moorhead who was responsible for the drafting of this study. Our sincere thanks are also offered to the researchers of each of the individual city reports: Valerie Amiraux, Myriam Cherti, Tufyal Choudhury, Noel Clycq, Vincent Geisser, Andreas Hieronymus, Dilwar Hussain and the Policy Research Centre Team, Mustafa Hussain, Kim Jansen, Mayke Kaag, Françoise Lorcerie, and Nina Mühe. Thanks are offered to our colleagues at the Office of Communications in New York who have been extremely supportive in their editorial and communications capacity. The At Home in Europe Project has final responsibility for the content of the report including any errors or misrepresentations. 6 OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS 2011 Open Society Foundations At Home in Europe Team Nazia Hussain Director Tufyal Choudhury Senior Policy Advisor Klaus Dik Nielsen Advocacy Officer Hélène Irving Programme Coordinator Andrea Gurubi Watterson Programme Officer Csilla Tóth Programme Assistant AT HOME IN EUROPE PROJECT 7 Introduction Living Together: Projects Promoting Inclusion in 11 EU Cities offers good practices on social cohesion and non-discrimination identified from the Muslims in EU Cities report series by the Open Society Foundations.1 It aims to illustrate city and local initiatives, past or present, that have sought to challenge and resolve the inequalities, discrimination, and marginalisation underlying experiences as outlined by some of the participants in the studies. Although the research focused predominantly on the experiences of Muslims, a majority of the best practices in this guide relate to initiatives, policies, and projects that seek to help and support socially excluded communities, or address similar issues faced by other groups. The 11 cities from which the best practices are extracted are Amsterdam, Antwerp, Berlin, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Leicester, London, Marseille, Paris, Rotterdam and Stockholm. All the cities have relatively recent migration patterns (since the 1960s) giving rise to large second- and third- generation communities, significant Muslim populations and various challenges in relation to changing demographics and communities. The reports, and therefore the best practices, concentrate on select neighbourhoods within the cities. A focus on action at the local level allows for a closer examination of the interaction between residents and policymakers and politicians in areas where Muslims form a higher proportion of the population than in the city or state as a whole. The research set out to understand the everyday experiences of ordinary Muslim and non-Muslims through in-depth interviews and focus groups, 8 OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS 2011 with over 3,000 people consulted. The reports document the ways in which residents interact with their city, neighbours, local government and others. They also examine how the city engages with and consults its residents across a range of issues, efforts to better understand its myriad of communities, and processes for identifying the shared experiences and concerns of residents regardless of their ethnic or religious background. This guide is intended to be a resource for governments, local authorities, policymakers, non-government organisations (NGOs) and charities, with the hope that all readers will be both informed and inspired by the examples of good practice that it presents. Similar to the individual city reports, the guide is divided into chapters on identity, belonging and interaction; education; employment and training; housing; health; policing and security; participation and citizenship; and the role of the media. As additional positive and innovative efforts are identified, the guide will be regularly revised. AT HOME IN EUROPE PROJECT 9 Identity, belonging and interaction As the Open Society Foundations’ city reports illustrate, identities are complex, fluid and multiple. Identity is a combination of such characteristics as gender, age, ethnicity, faith and class, and it is shaped through exposure to such influences as family and friends, the media, education, government and the scriptures of faith. The sense of belonging and the ability to interact with others depend on many factors, including language and accent; levels of social distance and residential segregation;2 length of time in location (and generation of migration); attitudes and perception of others (including levels of discrimination);3 national and local government legislation and initiatives; the domestic culture at local, city and national levels (homogeneous or multicultural/multi-faith, degrees of religion, social customs, values and norms); links to the country of origin; local and national media; levels of meaningful contact with others;4 appearance (such as skin colour, clothing); and external forces, such as major events in the international arena. Spheres of social interaction that affect identity and sense of belonging includes the home, places of work, social arenas such as cafes, bars and youth clubs, community spaces like markets and shopping centres, parent groups, evening classes, and sports and leisure centres. People interact in places of study such as school, college and university, or places of worship and prayer. Interaction takes place on public transport and even through internet virtual social networking. People may also be brought together by cultural pursuits,
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