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Home , Agoseris parviflora, Calochortus monophyllus, Cercocarpus betuloides, Erigeron aliceae, Leptosiphon harknessii, Lilium washingtonianum

Oregon , Places Grizzly Peak Jackson County, Oregon Jim Duncan 692 B Street, Ashland, Oregon 97520

Winter view from Ashland of Grizzly Peak with a thin layer of snow above 3,000 feet. The highest point visible is the extreme southwest corner of the Grizzly Peak plateau, indicated on the map by a solid circle in Block 7. From this point (5,750 feet elev.), there is an equally impressive view of Ashland and the Creek Valley. Photo by Jim Duncan.

s the highest point on the ridge directly across the Bear Geologically, Grizzly Peak’s volcanic formation dates from about Creek Valley from Ashland, Grizzly Peak serves as a focal 25 million years ago. Among the various kinds of volcanic activity Apoint for the town, inviting both residents and visitors to that contributed to its mass were basaltic lava flows known as the find a way to its summit. Grizzly Peak is part of a long ridge of Roxy formation (Begnoche 1999). Late in this period of volcanic the western that extends another 12 miles northwest activity, a large strato-, called Mount Grizzly, formed near through Payne Cliffs and Mt. Baldy to , just the present-day Grizzly Peak. It probably rivaled Mt. McLouglin east of Medford. The ridge is flanked by two tributaries of the (9,495 ft.) in size and appearance. The high part of Mount Griz- , Antelope Creek on the north and Bear Creek on zly has long since eroded away, but a remnant of one of its lava the south. Grizzly Peak, so the story goes, was named in honor of flows survives as the plateau around the summit of Grizzly Peak. a well-known grizzly bear that inhabited a large territory around Starting about five million years ago, volcanic activity returned to Ashland during the second half of the 19th century and was the create the current High , which includes Mount last known grizzly in this area. It was called Old Reelfoot as a McLoughlin. These new eruptions were about twenty miles east result of having been crippled by the loss of several toes in a trap. of the earlier ones, and their outpourings did not reach Grizzly The animal was killed by hunters around 1890, apparently after Peak. Today the peak remains the highest point for a considerable many failed attempts. distance, from the Siskiyou (Klamath) Mountains to the south or the High Cascades to the east. Topography and Geology Community Overview The Grizzly Peak plateau is a relatively flat area about a quarter of a square mile. The highest point (5,920 feet) is near the northeast From the northern and eastern edges of the plateau the land slopes corner, with the plain sloping gently to the south and west. The down steeply. The dense old growth on this slope plateau is shaped somewhat like a “mutton-chop,” with the pointed consists almost entirely of a population of fir that is intermediate end at the southwest corner. This is the point from which one between white fir Abies( concolor) and grand fir Abies( grandis). The can look down nearly 4,000 feet into the Bear Creek Valley, and two species hybridize here as elsewhere in Oregon, such as in the at 5,750 feet this is the part of Grizzly Peak that, from Ashland, central Oregon Cascades (Zobel 1973). Great variation exists in appears to be the summit. (This point shows clearly in the photo this population, ranging from trees that look nearly like pure grand of the peak as seen from Ashland, and it is marked on the map by fir to ones that look nearly like pure white fir. Along the west edge the solid circle in Block 7.) The rest of the plateau and the actual of the plateau, the slope is equally steep, but the forest is more open peak are out of the line of sight. and contains a mixture of and oak (see the list starting on

Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 1 page 7). In August 2002 this slope, along with the western part BLM constructed a fine access trail in the 1990s. The trail begins of the plateau, burned in a fire that I will discuss further on. On on the north slope and winds up through dense fir forest, to the a gentle slope just below the northwest corner of the plateau, a northeast corner of the plateau, where it first enters open, grassy permanent wetland lies in the central part of a large meadow. Some areas (about where the trail crosses the line between Blocks 2 species on the list occur only in this wetland. The best view of and 3 on the map). The trail then makes a large loop around the the geological composition of the plateau is at its southern edge. plateau and back to the northeast corner. The idea for the trail There, bedrock that forms the plateau is exposed at the surface, was conceived and promoted by John Ifft of the BLM during and along much of its length the edge drops off abruptly for ten the 1980s. His concept was to build a trail to the far point that to twenty feet. Vegetation on the steep slope below this small cliff overlooks Ashland (the dot in Block 7 on the map) so that people is a mix of oaks, conifers, , and open . could hike up there to enjoy the view. Ifft retired in 1989, but his On the plateau the vegetation varies in response to changes in efforts finally paid off in 1991 when the trail was built according soil depth. Along the southern edge where the soil is mainly very to his plan. The trail was such an immediate success that in 1995 shallow or the rock is directly exposed, plants grow in joints and it was extended to form the loop as we know it today. To get to cracks of the rock, or annuals grow in thin soil that is vernally wet the trailhead from Ashland, go east from exit 14 of Interstate from snow melt. These rocky areas represent about 10% of the 5 on State Route 66 for less than a mile and turn left on Dead plateau and harbor a distinctive mix of perennials and shrubs that Indian Memorial Road (Jackson County Road 722). Continue varies from east to west along the edge. Similar vegetation grows east for 6.8 miles, then turn left on Shale City Road (BLM Road on other rocky outcrops scattered in the interior of the plateau. 38-2E-27). Go north on Shale City Road about four miles, and Deeper soils support large areas of open grassland or a combination turn west on BLM Road 38-2E-9.2. In a little less than two miles of grass and low shrubs. These grassy openings cover 50 to 60% of the road ends at a parking area for the trailhead. The elevation the plateau. Mixed conifer forest covers the rest of the area, form- there is about 5,200 feet. ing discontinuous patches scattered across the plateau. Presumably these forested regions mark the areas of the deepest soil. Plants of Grizzly Peak

Grizzly Peak Trail Although my first trip up to the Grizzly Peak plateau was in Septem- ber 1993, it was not until the fall of 1996 that I began systematically The Grizzly Peak plateau is Federal land administered by the compiling a list of plant species in the area. The impetus was to help Bureau of Land Management (BLM) out of its Medford District the Oregon Flora Project build the database for the Oregon Plant office. The plateau has become a popular hiking area since the Atlas. As I gradually began to think of Grizzly Peak as a study area, I defined its limits to be the entire Griz- zly Peak plateau, the north slope true fir forest (starting at the trailhead), as well as the section of the loop trail that drops below the southwest corner of the plateau and runs north along the slope until it leads back up to the northwest corner of the plateau. All plants on the list occur somewhere within this area, which ranges in elevation from 5,200 to 5,920 feet (trailhead to summit). To facilitate recording plant loca- tions, I divided the study area into ten numbered blocks each one-quarter- mile square (see map). Each block is therefore a quarter-quarter section of either Section 17 or Section 18 of Township 38 South and Range 2 East in Jackson County, Oregon. The numbers in the “Location” column of correspond to the block or blocks where I have found each taxon. (Note: Only those portions of each block that are on the plateau Map of the Grizzly Peak area in parts of Sections 17 and 18, Township 38 South, Range 2 East. Shaded blocks or are close to the trail have been are public land; unshaded, private land. The hatched area (lower left) burned in the August 2002 wildfire. surveyed.) The solid line winding through the numbered squares is the trail. The dot in Block 7 marks the viewpoint for After eleven years, my list num- Ashland and the Bear Creek Valley. The contour interval is 40 feet. Map prepared by Dennis Glover of the BLM Medford District. bers almost three hundred taxa, for

2 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 which I have collected voucher specimens of nearly all. Naturally, Rare and Unusual Species the list is not yet complete; nearly every visit uncovers additional taxa, and there are other species that occur nearby and should be Grizzly Peak harbors some species that are rare in Jackson County. expected in the study area that I have not yet encountered there. The two robust populations of Lomatium hendersonii on the plateau That said, I estimate that I have documented about 90% of the (one in Block 7 and the other in Block 9) constitute the only report flora of Grizzly Peak as of the end of the 2007 season. The list at of this species in Jackson County (Duncan 2007). According to the the end of this article is preceded by a legend that explains the Oregon Plant Atlas, the next closest population is in eastern Klamath notations and the terminology. I have followed The Jepson Manual County, with all other sites farther east and north of there. Based on (Hickman 1993) for the scientific names, updated as necessary the known distribution of this species, the population of L. hender- with the Oregon Plant Atlas of the Oregon Flora Project (www. sonii on Grizzly Peak appears to be a western “outlier.” Its presence oregonflora.org) or published volumes of the Flora of North is an example of the range of eastern Oregon species extending west America. of the Cascade crest in . Henderson’s lomatium is one of six species of Lomatium on Grizzly Peak, and with its large, Analysis of the Flora bulbous root it is one of several such species of Lomatium that were valued by Native Americans who harvested the roots for food. Not surprisingly, the flora of Grizzly Peak closely resembles that of the Cascade Range, of which it is a westward extension. It has less in common with the Klamath Range () to the southwest. The Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument serves as a bridge between these two regions. A plant species list for the Monu- ment compiled by Frank Lang from numerous sources, including his own work (Lang 2002), contains more than 600 species for an area of approximately 83 mi2 where the elevation ranges from about 3,000 feet to just over 6,000 feet. The degree of similarity between the floras of the Monument and Grizzly Peak is high: 75% of the species on Grizzly Peak also occur in the Monument. In contrast, differences are greater between the Grizzly Peak flora and that of the high Siskiyou Mountains south and west of Ashland. Species lists I have compiled during the last decade for three areas along the Siskiyou Crest show the following amounts of overlap with the Grizzly Peak list: 1) to McDonald Peak, 23%; 2) Big Red Mountain, 24%; and 3) Dutchman Peak to Observation Peak The two robust populations of Lomatium hendersonii on Grizzly Peak are the to headwaters of Cow Creek, 23%. Curiously, owing to differences only known populations in Jackson County. A low plant with a large tuberous in the species mix of these three Siskiyou Crest regions, 38% of the root, Henderson’s lomatium grows in open rocky places. Its clusters of small, golden-yellow flowers open in early May, soon after snow melt. Photo by Grizzly Peak plants occur on at least one of these lists. Yet this is still Elaine Plaisance. only half the overlap compared to the Cascade Monument list. One consideration in these comparisons is elevation. The eleva- tion range of the Grizzly Peak study area is completely within that of the Monument. In contrast, elevation of the Siskiyou Crest sites ranges from 6,800 to 7,500 feet. Thus, there is no elevation overlap between the two collection areas: the lowest points of the Siskiyou Crest sites are nearly a thousand feet higher than the highest point of Grizzly Peak. These elevation differences may be partially responsible for differences in the flora, but geological differences are probably of greater importance. Grizzly Peak is of the same volcanic origin as the rest of the Cascade Range, including major parts of the Cascade- Siskiyou National Monument. The Siskiyou Crest sites are different rock and differ from each other in geological origin. Mount Ashland and McDonald Peak are composed mostly of quartz diorites grading to granodiorites, part of a great mass of known at the Ashland pluton. Dutchman Peak is a complex mixture of meta- morphic rock. Observation Peak and upper Cow Creek consist of a complex conglomeration of old igneous and sedimentary rocks. Big Red Mountain is composed of ultramafic rock. None of these resembles the volcanic rock of Grizzly Peak and the Cascades. These The Grizzly Peak monophyllus is one of only three populations in the state, all of which are in Jackson County. Bright yellow flowers are borne plutons of the Klamath/Siskiyou mountains are closely related to on stems 4 to 8 inches tall that grow up through cracks in rock outcrops from those of the Sierra . It is widely recognized that geological deep-seated bulbs. It blooms in mid-June, but flowers have not been seen for differences result in floristic differences (Kruckeberg 2006). several years. Photo by Bob Vos.

Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 3 soil. On Grizzly Peak, I saw the plants in flower once, in mid-June 2000, but I have not seen any sign of them since that time, despite visits to the site at the expected flowering time. Either these plants flower only rarely or something has happened to the population. I continue to look for it and hope that the August 2002 fire, which burned through the site, did not damage the bulbs. A substantial population of Eriogonum sphaerocephalum var. halimioides grows along the west- ern edge of the plateau in an open rocky corridor, mainly in Block 8, but extending into Blocks 7 and 9. It is known from only two other sites in Jackson County, both in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monu- ment. Eriogonum umbellatum var. modocense grows abundantly on the plateau, as it does elsewhere in the county. This is a new name (Reveal About 30 plants of Warner Mountains sulphur flower Eriogonum( umbellatum var. glaberrimum) grow in one location along the southern edge of the plateau. This uncommon variety of E. umbellatum was not expected on Grizzly Peak 2005) for a common plant, which because it was previously known only from Lake County, Oregon, and Modoc County, . Here, Jim Duncan formerly keyed to variety polyan- examines its clusters of small cream-colored flowers in mid-summer. Photo by Connie Battaile. thum. An uncommon variety of E. umbellatum, variety glaberrimum, also occurs at one site on the Grizzly In 1990 Frank Callahan discovered a small population of Peak plateau, along the rocky southern edge in Block 5 (Duncan Calochortus monophyllus on Grizzly Peak, one of only three popula- 2007). This variety is known mainly from the Warner Mountains tions of the species in Oregon. Voucher specimens were deposited of Modoc County, California, and Lake County, Oregon, and in the herbaria at and Southern Oregon this is the only report of it in Jackson County. The nearest sites University (SOC7830). The other two populations are also in reported in the Oregon Plant Atlas are all in Lake County. Here Jackson County, but grow on ultramafic (serpentine-influenced) is another example of an outlier population of an eastside species in Jackson County. Two other uncommon species are worth mentioning for their presence on Grizzly Peak. When I began inventorying plants there, wild hollyhock or globe mallow, Iliamna bakeri, occurred at one small site in Block 7. Since the wildfire in 2002, new stands have appeared at several sites in the burned forest. Although uncom- mon in Jackson County, tall bugbane (Cimicifuga elata) grows in a robust and well known population in the dense fir forest on the north slope of Grizzly Peak, a site very close to the southern limit of its distribution. Recently, this Jackson County population was described as variety alpestris (Lee and Park 2004), while the plants farther north are assigned to variety elata. Thus, the Grizzly Peak bugbane has been recognized as taxonomically distinct.

Wildfire!

On a very hot day in mid-August 2002, sagging high voltage power Eriogonum sphaerocephalum variety halimioides, a small superficially similar lines shorted against each other in the wind creating sparks that to Warner Mountains sulphur flower, but clearly different upon close inspection. started a fire in the upper Antelope Creek Valley. The fire burned The flowers of this round-headed wild buckwheat are the same cream color, vigorously uphill through oak savanna and open coniferous wood- and the two species bloom at the same time; but in this species the leaves are land on the west slope of Grizzly Peak. The fire continued up onto much narrower, and the whole plant is very hairy, particularly the flowers and the plateau, completely burning the forest stands interspersed with leaves. In contrast, the Warner Mountains wild buckwheat is quite glabrous, and the leaves are broad and shiny. Photo by Connie Battaile. open and rocky outcrops on the western 10 to 15% of the plateau. The burned area is shown on the map. The fire 4 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 killed some perennial roots or so damaged them that they failed to grow the first season. Surviving plants grew large and sprawling, taking advantage of reduced competition and abundant mineral nutrients in the ash-covered soil. A few annuals appeared, also widely scattered but vigorous, especially heterophylla, Cryptantha species and Gilia capitata. A surprise to me was find- ing several large patches of rough-leaved aster (Eurybia radulina) in abundant flower in mid-August at the edges of a few burned forest areas (see photo). I had never previously seen the species up there. Clearly these rhizomatous plants were present before the fire, but in the denser plant mass of pre-fire years they may have mainly grown vegetatively and rarely flowered. In the burned forest I found several tiny seedlings of Ceanothus velutinus, easily recognizable by their distinctive leaves. Although this species had not been present in the ten years before the fire, its emergence was Wildfire rages up the southern flank of Grizzly Peak, August 2002. Photo by clear evidence of its presence in the soil seed bank, awaiting a fire Diane Fassler Chasmar. to trigger germination. As a result, there are now many healthy burned all of Blocks 7 and 8, about 75% of Block 9, about half of young Ceanothus velutinus plants in the burned forest (see photo Block 6 and a small portion of the southwest corner of Block 5. The of one taken in 2007). photo above shows the fire in progress as seen from high in the hills of Ashland. The photo below, taken just three weeks after the fire, illustrates some of its effects. In the five years since the fire, I have been observing the regrowth in the burned areas. During the first season after the fire (2003) growth of herba- ceous perennials in the open grassland and rocky areas was typical of pre-fire years. Although the above-ground part of many shrubs had burned completely, some of these species, such as Brewer’s white oak, bittercherry, western chokecherry, and mountain maple were resprouting from their roots. In contrast, growth was sparse throughout the burned forest areas, where the fire presumably burned hotter. The trees had all been killed. The few perennial herbs that appeared, mainly Pseudostellaria jamesiana, Hydrophyllum fendleri, and Claytonia sibirica, had been present before the fire. Large areas of bare ground suggested that heat from the fire had either

Rough leaved aster (Eurybia radulina) flowered abundantly, exactly one year after the fire, in an otherwise barren area near the edge of burned forest. Although I had not seen these asters on the plateau before, the rhizomes must have been there all along. Photo by Jim Duncan.

During the 2004 season vigorous herbaceous growth was more general in the burned . This included about eight weedy alien species which had been absent or less abundant before the fire. These non-native species are indicated on the plant list. Some of them, especially the grasses, may have come from the seed mix broadcast by the BLM after the fire to help reduce erosion. Additional native species also appeared in the burn area in 2004: Hazardia whitneyi, Calystegia occidentalis, Mentzelia dispersa, Chamerion angustifolia, and Iliamna bakeri, of which there is now a huge population in the southeast corner of Block 8 as well as The view in the southeast corner of Block 8, looking northeast at burned some smaller groups elsewhere in Blocks 6-8 (see photos). Baker’s trees in Block 6, three weeks after the fire (September 2002). Note the trail, globe mallow is well known for germinating after fire, so clearly lower right, and the remains of a large greenleaf manzanita in the center-left foreground. This shrub was killed by the heat, even though parts of it did not there was a large seed bank of it in parts of the now-burned forest burn and appeared to be still alive shortly after the fire. None of the burned near the western edge of the Grizzly Peak plateau. Grizzly Peak plants of this species resprouted from roots after the fire. This Five years after the fire, vegetation is abundant in the burned is consistent with the Cascade form of the species. The form in the Siskiyou forest. In additional to the conifers planted by the BLM soon Mountains and south into California typically has a burl and resprouts after after the fire, many young conifer seedlings are growing vigor- fire. Photo by Jim Duncan.

Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 5 ously throughout the area. These latter must represent natural bascum thapsus) that seem to be taking over some areas. But these regeneration from local native species. Native shrubs are appearing, are short-lived, early seral species, that represent a part of the way especially species of and Rubus, but also Symphoricarpos and that ecological systems work. Change is continuous, and it will be Arctostaphylos. Weeds are distressing, especially bull thistle (Cirsium interesting to follow the further changes in the coming years. vulgare), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), and woolly mullein (Ver- Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Don Begnoche for his generous efforts to educate me about the geology of Grizzly Peak and other local areas, as well as for reviewing my geological discussions and making valuable suggestions. I thank Frank Lang for helping me to clarify further my understanding of the geology of the Siskiyou Crest. Thanks to Kenton Chambers for carefully checking the plant list for recent name changes, for calling my attention to the recent taxonomic work on the Cimicifuga and for putting me in touch with Don Zobel, to whom I offer much thanks for helping me sort out the identity of the true fir trees of the Grizzly Peak plateau and the north slope forest. I respectfully acknowledge the work of the late Scott Sundberg in identifying Lomatium hendersonii from Grizzly Peak. Thanks also to James Reveal for confirming the identity of Eriogonum umbellatum variety glaberrimum from Grizzly Peak. I am grateful to Leslie Gottlieb for fruitful discussions about the differences between the mix of plant species on Grizzly Peak and New seedlings of snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus) appeared in the burned forest along with scattered herbaceous plants the first year after the fire. This seedling other nearby areas. Thanks to Dennis Byrd of the Medford BLM was several years old at the time of the photograph in July 2007. This species office for his help in getting a copy of the Grizzly Peak map for is heavily browsed by deer and elk. Photo by Connie Battaile. me, and an especially heartfelt thanks to Dennis Glover, also of the BLM, for his patient and skillful work modifying the map to my specifications. Thank you to John Ifft, now long retired from the Medford BLM office, for telling me about the creation of the Grizzly Peak trail and his role in bringing it into existence.

References

Begnoche D. 1999. Siskiyou Sundays: A Tour of Southwest Oregon. Tour 2. Ashland to Hyatt Lake and Tour 3. Ashland to Observa- tion Peak. pp. 15-36. Ashland (OR), privately printed. Duncan JT. 2007. Noteworthy collections, Oregon. Madroño 54:208. Hickman JC, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of Cali- fornia. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press. Kruckeberg AR. 2006. Introduction to California Soils and Plants: Serpentine, Vernal Pools, and Other Geobotanical Wonders. California Natural History Guides 86. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press. 280 p. Lang FA. 2002. Plant Species in CSNM. Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument: Draft Resource Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 2 – Maps and Appendices, Appendix E. pp. 67-81. Medford (OR): USDI Bureau of Land Manage- ment, Medford District Office. Lee HW, Park CW. 2004. New Taxa of Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) from Korea and the . Novon 14:180-184. Reveal JL. 2005. Eriogonum. Flora of North of Mexico, Volume 5, pp. 221-430. New York (NY): Oxford University Press. Zobel DB. 1973. Local variation in intergrading Abies grandis Baker’s globe mallow or wild hollyhock (Iliamna bakeri) appeared in several – A. concolor populations in the central Oregon Cascades: places among the burned trees during the second growing season after the needle morphology and periderm color. Botanical Gazette fire. By mid-September, as seen in this photo, most of the flowers had already 134: 209-220. gone to seed. Photo by Jim Duncan.

6 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 FOR: Forest. In all cases the forest is almost entirely conifer- Jim Duncan is Professor of Biology Emeritus from San Francisco ous, and its density can range from a completely closed canopy State University where he taught developmental biology, mainly, for (dense) to less than 50% crown cover (open). The north slope 30 years prior to his retirement in 1991. Following that he moved from the trailhead up to the edge of the plateau is the most to Oregon where, always a closet plant guy and already a long time continuously forested part of the study area, and this forest is grower of native plants from seed, he switched his biological interests mostly dense. There are also substantial patches of forest scat- to systematic botany. During the past fifteen years he has learned a tered on the plateau itself, both dense and open. lot about the plants of Oregon, especially Jackson County. In this time he has also been an eager volunteer for the Plant Atlas of the FOR edge: This term indicates sites at the interface between Oregon Flora Project, submitting many site reports, mainly from forest and open herbaceous areas. Jackson County but also from other parts of the state that he has ex- plored, including in particular his “adopted” Plant Atlas Block 170 in Burnt FOR: This term refers to forested areas that burned in the southwest corner of Harney County and adjacent Lake County. the August 2002 fire. (Approximately the western ten to fif- teen percent of the plateau, as well as the western slope below, burned.) This term highlights species that I had not seen in the burned area prior to the fire, or in a few cases, found in greater abundance and/or at new sites after the fire.

HRB: Herbland. The herbaceous habitat is the most common one on the Grizzly Peak plateau. There are extensive open grassy areas as well as smaller openings within forested areas. In some cases there are shrubs scattered in these areas. The soil is gener- ally shallow in the herbaceous areas, and bedrock is exposed in some places. (See “Rock”) Some parts of this habitat can be very wet in the spring, and it includes a wetland just below the northwest edge of the plateau.

SAV: Savanna. This habitat occurs in only a small part of the study area, down slope from the far southwest point of the plateau and below its western edge. The scattered trees are a mixture of oak and conifer with abundant open grassy or shrubby areas between.

SHR: Shrubland. Regions that are predominantly shrubby are uncommon in the study area. Some parts of rocky outcrop areas are dominated by shrubs, and occasionally a sort of “lawn” of low shrubs covers an area that at first seems to be herbland. There is a substantial understory of shrubs in parts of the forest, but this is not counted as shrubland.

Rock: These are places where areas of bedrock are exposed Close view of flowers of Iliamna bakeri. The pink flowers, up to 2½ inches in at the surface and where soil is nearly absent except in joints diameter, resemble hollyhock and create quite a sight when encountered en between rocks or in shallow pans. Such sites are common along masse among blackened trees. Photo by Connie Battaile. the southern edge of the Grizzly Peak plateau where the old lava rock substrate forms a ledge with an abrupt edge. Rocky Legend for Plant List outcrops also occur scattered in the interior of the plateau. The highest point of the plateau, the actual Grizzly Peak, is A solid circle preceding a plant name indicates a non-native, • such a site. introduced species. DATES SEEN IN FLOWER: The pairs of dates given show the LOCATION: The numbers in this column correspond to the earliest and latest dates I have seen the species in flower on a visit one-quarter-mile square numbered blocks outlined on the map to the study area. If only one date is given, then I have recorded of the Grizzly Peak area. The set of numbers for each species flowering only on that date. If no date is given, I have not seen it therefore indicates the extent and pattern of its distribution in in flower but have identified the species vegetatively. No dates are the study area. offered for ferns or conifers. In two cases only seedlings of woody perennials have been seen, and they are so marked. If “fruit” is HABITAT: The seven terms explained below represent the habitats offered before the date, then the species has not been seen in I designated in the Grizzly Peak area to describe the environment(s) flower but only in fruit. where I found each species. Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 7 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r FERNS Dryopteridaceae Wo o d Fe r n Fa m i l y Cystopteris fragilis Fr a g i l e Fe r n 9 Rock Polystichum munitum We s t e r n Sw o r d Fe r n 1, 2 FOR Pt e r i d a c e a e Br a k e Fe r n Fa m i l y Cheilanthes gracillima La c e Fe r n 4, 5, 9 Rock

CONIFERS Cupressaceae Cy p r e s s Fa m i l y Calocedrus decurrens In c e n s e Ce d a r 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 FOR Juniperus occidentalis We s t e r n Ju n i p e r 7 SAV var. occidentalis Pi n a c e a e Pi n e Fa m i l y Abies concolor x A. grandis Wh i t e Fi r / Gr a n d Fi r h y b r i d 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 FOR Pinus ponderosa Po n d e r o s a Pi n e 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 FOR Pseudotsuga menziesii Do u g l a s Fi r 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 FOR

FLOWERING PLANTS: DICOTS Ac e r a c e a e Ma p l e Fa m i l y Acer glabrum var. torreyi Mo u n t a i n Ma p l e 1, 2, 7, 10 FOR, SAV 8 Jun - 18 Jun Acer macrophyllum Bi g -l e a f Ma p l e 1 FOR (seedling only) Ap i a c e a e Ca r r o t Fa m i l y Angelica arguta An g e l i c a 1, 9 FOR 1 Aug •Conium maculatum Po i s o n He m l o c k 1 SHR 23 Jul Heracleum lanatum Co w Pa r s n i p 1, 2, 5 FOR 12 Jul - 26 Jul Lomatium dissectum Fe r n -l e a v e d Lo m a t i u m var. dissectum 6, 7, 8, 9 FOR edge, HRB 8 Jun - 14 Jun Lomatium hendersonii He n d e r s o n ’s Lo m a t i u m 7, 9 Rock, HRB 11 May - 14 Jun Lomatium macrocarpum Gr a y Lo m a t i u m 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Rock, HRB 18 May - 11 Jun Lomatium nudicaule Pe s t l e Lo m a t i u m 7 Rock, HRB 27 Jun Lomatium piperi Pi p e r ’s Lo m a t i u m 4, 8 HRB 10 May - 11 May Lomatium utriculatum Fo o t h i l l Lo m a t i u m 4, 7 HRB 31 May - 27 Jun Orogenia fusiformis Mo u n t a i n Or o g e n i a 3, 4, 5 HRB, SHR 11 May - 18 May Osmorhiza berteroi Mo u n t a i n Sw e e t Ci c e l y 1, 2, 4 FOR 11 May - 18 May (O. chilensis) Osmorhiza occidentalis We s t e r n Sw e e t Ci c e l y 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 FOR 11 May - 11 Jun Perideridia bolanderi Bo l a n d e r ’s Ya m p a h 4, 9 HRB, FOR 2 Jul - 30 Aug Perideridia gairdneri ssp. borealis Co mm o n Ya m p a h 1, 2, 5, 9 HRB, FOR edge 1 Aug - 10 Sept Sanicula graveolens Si e r r a Sn a k e r o o t 4, 5, 6 HRB, FOR 11 May - 11 Jun Ar i s t o l o c h i a c e a e Pi p e v i n e Fa m i l y Asarum caudatum Lo n g -t a i l e d Wi l d Gi n g e r 1, 2 FOR 18 Jun - 3 Jul As t e r a c e a e Su n f l o w e r Fa m i l y Achillea millefolium Ya r r o w 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 HRB, FOR 2 Jun - 1 Aug Adenocaulon bicolor Tr a i l p l a n t 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 8 Jul - 26 Jul Agoseris grandiflora La r g e -f l o w e r e d Ag o s e r i s 1, 4, 8 HRB 2 Jul - 30 Aug Agoseris heterophylla An n u a l Ag o s e r i s 4, 5, 6, 7 Rock, burnt FOR 2 Jul - 1 Aug Agoseris parviflora Sa g e b r u s h Ag o s e r i s 6 HRB 2 Jul (A. glauca var. laciniata) Arnica latifolia Br o a d -l e a v e d Ar n i c a 1 FOR 11 Jun - 2 Jul Balsamorhiza deltoidea De l t o i d Ba l s a m r o o t 7 SAV 8 Jul •Cirsium vulgare Bu l l Th i s t l e 6, 7, 8, 9 FOR, burnt FOR 13 Aug - 30 Aug Crepis bakeri Ba k e r ’s Ha w k s b e a r d 1, 4 FOR, HRB 18 Jun Crepis occidentalis We s t e r n Ha w k s b e a r d 4 HRB 2 Jul •Crepis pulchra Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Ha w k s b e a r d 6, 7, 8 Rock, FOR 18 Jun - 2 Jul Ericameria nauseosa Ru b b e r Ra b b i t b r u s h 7 Rock 30 Aug - 14 Sept var. speciosa 8 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r i n Fl o w e r FERNS aliceae Al i c e Ea s t w o o d ’s Fl e a b a n e 1, 2, 4, 5, 9 FOR, HRB 31 May - 30 Aug Dryopteridaceae Wo o d Fe r n Fa m i l y Erigeron bloomeri var. bloomeri Sc a b l a n d Fl e a b a n e 5, 6 Rock 2 Jun - 27 Jun Cystopteris fragilis Fr a g i l e Fe r n 9 Rock Erigeron eatonii var. villosus Ea t o n ’s Fl e a b a n e 1, 4 FOR, HRB 18 Jun - 12 Jul Polystichum munitum We s t e r n Sw o r d Fe r n 1, 2 FOR Eriophyllum lanatum Ya r r o w -l e a v e d Or e g o n Su n s h i n e 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Rock, HRB 18 Jun - 30 Aug Pt e r i d a c e a e Br a k e Fe r n Fa m i l y var. achillaeoides Cheilanthes gracillima La c e Fe r n 4, 5, 9 Rock Eurybia radulina (Aster radulinus) Ro u g h -l e a v e d As t e r 8, 9 burnt FOR 1 Aug - 30 Aug Hazardia whitneyi var. discoidea Wh i t n e y ’s Br i s t l e w e e d 9 burnt FOR 1 Aug CONIFERS Hieracium albiflorum Wh i t e -f l o w e r e d Ha w k w e e d 1, 2 FOR 23 Jul Cupressaceae Cy p r e s s Fa m i l y •Hypochaeris radicata Ro u g h Ca t ’s Ea r 1, 2 FOR 26 Jul - 30 Aug Calocedrus decurrens In c e n s e Ce d a r 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 FOR •Lactuca serriola Pr i c k l y Le t t u c e 6, 7, 8 burnt FOR 13 Aug - 14 Sept Juniperus occidentalis We s t e r n Ju n i p e r 7 SAV Madia glomerata St i n k i n g Ta r w e e d 5 Rock 12 Jul var. occidentalis Madia gracilis Sl e n d e r Ta r w e e d 4, 6, 7, 9 Rock, HRB 11 Jun - 10 Sept Pi n a c e a e Pi n e Fa m i l y Madia minima Le a s t Ta r w e e d 4, 7 Rock, HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Abies concolor x A. grandis Wh i t e Fi r / Gr a n d Fi r h y b r i d 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 FOR Microseris nutans No d d i n g Mi c ro s e r i s 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 HRB 22 May - 11 Jun Pinus ponderosa Po n d e r o s a Pi n e 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 FOR Pseudognaphalium thermal Sl e n d e r Cu d w e e d 9 HRB 11 Sept Pseudotsuga menziesii Do u g l a s Fi r 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 FOR (Gnaphalium canescens ssp. ther.) Rudbeckia occidentalis We s t e r n Co n e f l o w e r 9 HRB 1 Aug - 30 Aug FLOWERING PLANTS: var. occidentalis DICOTS Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus Ta l l We s t e r n Gr o u n d s e l 1, 4, 6 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Ac e r a c e a e Ma p l e Fa m i l y •Senecio vulgaris Co mm o n Gr o u n d s e l 8 burnt FOR 31 May Acer glabrum var. torreyi Mo u n t a i n Ma p l e 1, 2, 7, 10 FOR, SAV 8 Jun - 18 Jun Symphyotrichum foliaceum var. parryi Pa r r y ’s As t e r 9 HRB 30 Aug Acer macrophyllum Bi g -l e a f Ma p l e 1 FOR (seedling only) (Aster foliaceus var. parryi) Ap i a c e a e Ca r r o t Fa m i l y • Co mm o n Da n d e l i o n 1, 2, 4, 5 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 1 Aug Angelica arguta An g e l i c a 1, 9 FOR 1 Aug •Tragopogon dubius Ye l l o w Sa l s i f y 1, 2, 6, 7 HRB 2 Jul - 30 Aug •Conium maculatum Po i s o n He m l o c k 1 SHR 23 Jul Wyethia angustifolia Na r r o w -l e a v e d Mu l e ’s Ea r s 8 HRB 27 Jun - 8 Jul Heracleum lanatum Co w Pa r s n i p 1, 2, 5 FOR 12 Jul - 26 Jul Berberidaceae Ba r b e r r y Fa m i l y Lomatium dissectum Fe r n -l e a v e d Lo m a t i u m Berberis aquifolium Or e g o n Gr a p e 5 FOR 11 Jun var. dissectum 6, 7, 8, 9 FOR edge, HRB 8 Jun - 14 Jun Berberis nervosa Lo n g -l e a v e d Or e g o n Gr a p e 1 FOR 31 May Lomatium hendersonii He n d e r s o n ’s Lo m a t i u m 7, 9 Rock, HRB 11 May - 14 Jun Vancouveria hexandra In s i d e -o u t Fl o w e r 1, 2, 3 FOR 18 Jun - 2 Jul Lomatium macrocarpum Gr a y Lo m a t i u m 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Rock, HRB 18 May - 11 Jun Bo r a g i n a c e a e Bo r a g e Fa m i l y Lomatium nudicaule Pe s t l e Lo m a t i u m 7 Rock, HRB 27 Jun Cryptantha intermedia Co mm o n Cr y p t a n t h a 8 HRB 8 Jul Lomatium piperi Pi p e r ’s Lo m a t i u m 4, 8 HRB 10 May - 11 May Cryptantha simulans Pi n e Wo o d s Cr y p t a n t h a 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Lomatium utriculatum Fo o t h i l l Lo m a t i u m 4, 7 HRB 31 May - 27 Jun Cryptantha torreyana To r r e y ’s Cr y p t a n t h a 5, 8 FOR edge, HRB 12 Jul - 23 Jul Orogenia fusiformis Mo u n t a i n Or o g e n i a 3, 4, 5 HRB, SHR 11 May - 18 May Cynoglossum grande Gr e a t Ho u n d ’s To n g u e 1 FOR 16 May - 4 Jun Osmorhiza berteroi Mo u n t a i n Sw e e t Ci c e l y 1, 2, 4 FOR 11 May - 18 May Hackelia micrantha Je s s i c a ’s St i c k s e e d 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 FOR edge, HRB 11 Jun - 3 Jul (O. chilensis) Brassicaceae Mu s t a r d Fa m i l y Osmorhiza occidentalis We s t e r n Sw e e t Ci c e l y 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 FOR 11 May - 11 Jun •Alyssum alyssoides Sm a l l Al y s s u m 7 HRB 2 Jul Perideridia bolanderi Bo l a n d e r ’s Ya m p a h 4, 9 HRB, FOR 2 Jul - 30 Aug •Arabidopsis thaliana Mo u s e -e a r Cr e s s 4, 7 HRB, burnt FOR 2 Jun - 18 Jun Perideridia gairdneri ssp. borealis Co mm o n Ya m p a h 1, 2, 5, 9 HRB, FOR edge 1 Aug - 10 Sept Arabis glabra var. glabra To w e r Mu s t a r d 4, 5, 8 HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Sanicula graveolens Si e r r a Sn a k e r o o t 4, 5, 6 HRB, FOR 11 May - 11 Jun Arabis holboellii var. retrofracta Ho l b o e l l ’s Ro c k Cr e s s 8 HRB 2 Jul Ar i s t o l o c h i a c e a e Pi p e v i n e Fa m i l y Athysanus pusillus Sa n d w e e d 8 HRB 13 May Asarum caudatum Lo n g -t a i l e d Wi l d Gi n g e r 1, 2 FOR 18 Jun - 3 Jul Barbarea orthoceras Am e r i c a n Wi n t e r Cr e s s 9 HRB 11 Jun As t e r a c e a e Su n f l o w e r Fa m i l y Cardamine californica Mi l k Ma i d s 5, 9 FOR 16 May - 4 Jun Achillea millefolium Ya r r o w 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 HRB, FOR 2 Jun - 1 Aug var. integrifolia Adenocaulon bicolor Tr a i l p l a n t 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 8 Jul - 26 Jul Cardamine nuttallii var. dissecta Nu t t a l l ’s Bi t t e r Cr e s s 4, 5 HRB, FOR edge 11 May - 8 Jun Agoseris grandiflora La r g e -f l o w e r e d Ag o s e r i s 1, 4, 8 HRB 2 Jul - 30 Aug Descurainia incisa ssp. incisa Mo u n t a i n Ta n s y Mu s t a r d 5, 9 FOR edge 2 Jul - 12 Jul Agoseris heterophylla An n u a l Ag o s e r i s 4, 5, 6, 7 Rock, burnt FOR 2 Jul - 1 Aug Descurainia pinnata We s t e r n Ta n s y Mu s t a r d 7 Rock 18 Jun Agoseris parviflora Sa g e b r u s h Ag o s e r i s 6 HRB 2 Jul ssp. intermedia (A. glauca var. laciniata) Draba verna Ve r n a l Wh i t l o w -g r a s s 8 HRB 18 May Arnica latifolia Br o a d -l e a v e d Ar n i c a 1 FOR 11 Jun - 2 Jul Erysimum capitatum We s t e r n Wa l l Fl o w e r 8, 9 HRB, burnt FOR 27 Jun – 1 Aug Balsamorhiza deltoidea De l t o i d Ba l s a m r o o t 7 SAV 8 Jul ssp. capitatum •Cirsium vulgare Bu l l Th i s t l e 6, 7, 8, 9 FOR, burnt FOR 13 Aug - 30 Aug Noccaea fendleri ssp. glauca Ro c k Pe n n y Cr e s s 4, 5 HRB 4 Jun – 18 Jun Crepis bakeri Ba k e r ’s Ha w k s b e a r d 1, 4 FOR, HRB 18 Jun (Thlaspi montanum var. montanum) Crepis occidentalis We s t e r n Ha w k s b e a r d 4 HRB 2 Jul •Sisymbrium altissimum Ji m Hi l l Mu s t a r d 7 SAV, burnt FOR 1 Aug - 14 Sept •Crepis pulchra Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Ha w k s b e a r d 6, 7, 8 Rock, FOR 18 Jun - 2 Jul Campanulaceae Be l l f l o w e r Fa m i l y Ericameria nauseosa Ru b b e r Ra b b i t b r u s h 7 Rock 30 Aug - 14 Sept Campanula scouleri Sc o u l e r ’s Ha r e b e l l 2 FOR 12 Jul - 23 Jul var. speciosa Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 9 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r Ca p r i f o l i a c e a e Ho n e y s u c k l e Fa m i l y Sambucus mexicana Bl u e El d e r b e r r y 4, 5, 6 FOR edge 27 Jun - 8 Jul Symphoricarpos albus Sn o w b e r r y 4, 5, 6 SHR, burnt FOR 11 Jun - 30 Aug var. laevigatus Symphoricarpos mollis Tr i p Vi n e 5 FOR Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Ro u n d -l e a v e d Sn o w b e r r y 6, 9 SHR, FOR 2 Jul - 8 Jul var. rotundifolius Ca r y o p h y l l a c e a e Pi n k Fa m i l y •Arenaria serpyllifolia Th y m e -l e a v e d Sa n d w o r t 7, 8 Rock, HRB 11 Jun - 18 Jun ssp. serpyllifolia •Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Co mm o n Ch i c k w e e d 9 HRB 2 Jul Eremogone congesta var. congesta Ba l l -h e a d e d Sa n d w o r t 4, 6, 8 Rock 11 Jun – 18 Jun (Arenaria congesta var. congesta) Moehringia macrophylla La r g e -l e a v e d Sa n d w o r t 4, 6, 7 HRB, burnt FOR 16 May - 11 Jun Pseudostellaria jamesiana St i c k y Ch i c k w e e d 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa Re d Mo u n t a i n Ca t c h f l y 8 FOR 2 Jul •Spergularia rubra Re d Sa n d Sp u r r y 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Stellaria obtusa Cl u s t e r e d Mo u n t a i n St a r w o r t 1 FOR Convolvulaceae Mo r n i n g Gl o r y Fa m i l y Calystegia occidentalis We s t e r n Mo r n i n g Gl o r y 6 burnt FOR 8 Jul - 1 Aug ssp. occidentalis Crassulaceae St o n e c r o p Fa m i l y Sedum oregonense Cr e a m y St o n e c r o p 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 Rock 11 Jun - 2 Jul Sedum stenopetalum Na r r o w -p e t a l e d St o n e c r o p 4, 5, 6, 7 Rock 27 Jun - 23 Jul Go u r d Fa m i l y oreganus Or e g o n Wi l d Cu c u m b e r 1 FOR 12 Jul Er i c a c e a e He a t h Fa m i l y Arctostaphylos patula Gr e e n l e a f Ma n z a n i t a 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 SHR, FOR edge 11 May - 8 Jun Pyrola picta Wh i t e -v e i n e d Wi n t e r g r e e n 3 FOR 1 Aug Fa b a c e a e Pe a Fa m i l y •Lathyrus latifolius Pe r e n n i a l Sw e e t Pe a 1 SHR 23 Jul - 30 Aug Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. nevadensis Si e r r a Ne v a d a Wi l d Pe a 4, 5 HRB 18 Jun Lupinus albicaulis Si c k l e -k e e l e d Lu p i n e 3, 5 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul - 23 Jul Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii Dw a r f Lu p i n e 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Rock 11 Jun - 18 Jun Trifolium cyathiferum Wi d e -c o l l a r e d Cl o v e r 9 HRB 23 Jul •Trifolium pratense Re d Cl o v e r 2 FOR 23 Jul •Trifolium repens Wh i t e Cl o v e r 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Vicia americana var. americana Am e r i c a n Ve t c h 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 11 Jun - 2 Jul Fa g a c e a e Oa k Fa m i l y Chrysolepis sempervirens Bu s h Ch i n q u a p i n 5 SHR (no flower date offered) var. breweri Br e w e r ’s Oa k 1, 4, 6, 7 FOR, Rock Quercus garryana var. garryana Or e g o n Wh i t e Oa k 4, 7, 9 FOR, SAV Ge r a n i a c e a e Ge r a n i u m Fa m i l y Geranium oreganum Or e g o n Ge r a n i u m 8 FOR edge 27 Jun - 26 Jul Grossulariaceae Go o s e b e r r y Fa m i l y Ribes binominatum Tr a i l i n g Go o s e b e r r y 1, 2, 3, 6, 10 FOR, Rock 18 Jun - 2 Jul Ribes lacustre Pr i c k l y Cu r r a n t 1 FOR 18 May - 2 Jun Ribes lobbii Gu mm y Go o s e b e r r y 2 FOR 18 Jun Ribes sanguineum var. sanguineum Re d Fl o w e r i n g Cu r r a n t 1 FOR 18 May - 24 May Ribes viscosissimum St i c k y Cu r r a n t 2, 9, 10 SHR, FOR edge 18 May - 31 May Hy d r o p h y l l a c e a e Wa t e r l e a f Fa m i l y Hesperochiron pumilus Dw a r f Hesperochiron 4, 8, 9 HRB 18 May - 4 Jun Hydrophyllum capitatum Dw a r f Wa t e r l e a f 1, 7 FOR, Rock 11 May - 13 May var. alpinum Hydrophyllum fendleri Fe n d l e r ’s Wa t e r l e a f 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 FOR 11 Jun - 2 Jul var. albifrons Nemophila menziesii var. menziesii Ba b y Bl u e -e y e s 5 HRB 4 Jun 10 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r i n Fl o w e r Ca p r i f o l i a c e a e Ho n e y s u c k l e Fa m i l y Sambucus mexicana Bl u e El d e r b e r r y 4, 5, 6 FOR edge 27 Jun - 8 Jul Nemophila parviflora var. austinae Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Ne m o p h i l a 1, 4, 5 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 12 Jul Symphoricarpos albus Sn o w b e r r y 4, 5, 6 SHR, burnt FOR 11 Jun - 30 Aug Phacelia humilis var. humilis Lo w Ph a c e l i a 8 HRB 18 Jun var. laevigatus Phacelia mutabilis Va r i a b l e Ph a c e l i a 2, 3, 4, 7 FOR, Rock 2 Jul Symphoricarpos mollis Tr i p Vi n e 5 FOR Phacelia peckii Pe c k ’s Ph a c e l i a 4 Rock 2 Jul Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Ro u n d -l e a v e d Sn o w b e r r y 6, 9 SHR, FOR 2 Jul - 8 Jul Hypericaceae St. Jo h n ’s Wo r t Fa m i l y var. rotundifolius •Hypericum perforatum Kl a m a t h -w e e d 3 HRB 23 Jul Ca r y o p h y l l a c e a e Pi n k Fa m i l y La m i a c e a e Mi n t Fa m i l y •Arenaria serpyllifolia Th y m e -l e a v e d Sa n d w o r t 7, 8 Rock, HRB 11 Jun - 18 Jun Agastache urticifolia Ne t t l e l e a f Ho r s e m i n t 1, 2, 9 FOR edge 2 Jul ssp. serpyllifolia Monardella odoratissima Co y o t e Mi n t 9 FOR edge 2 Jul •Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Co mm o n Ch i c k w e e d 9 HRB 2 Jul ssp. odoratissima Eremogone congesta var. congesta Ba l l -h e a d e d Sa n d w o r t 4, 6, 8 Rock 11 Jun – 18 Jun Scutellaria antirrhinoides Sn a p d r a g o n Sk u l l c a p 4, 5, 7, 8 HRB 27 Jun - 27 Aug (Arenaria congesta var. congesta) Stachys rigida Ri g i d He d g e Ne t t l e 9 HRB 1 Aug - 10 Sept Moehringia macrophylla La r g e -l e a v e d Sa n d w o r t 4, 6, 7 HRB, burnt FOR 16 May - 11 Jun Trichostema oblongum Do w n y Bl u e c u r l s 8 HRB 12 Jul Pseudostellaria jamesiana St i c k y Ch i c k w e e d 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Li m n a n t h a c e a e Me a d o w f o a m Fa m i l y Silene campanulata ssp. glandulosa Re d Mo u n t a i n Ca t c h f l y 8 FOR 2 Jul Floerkea proserpinacoides Fl o e r k e a 8 HRB 18 Jun •Spergularia rubra Re d Sa n d Sp u r r y 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Li n a c e a e Fl a x Fa m i l y Stellaria obtusa Cl u s t e r e d Mo u n t a i n St a r w o r t 1 FOR Linum lewisii var. lewisii We s t e r n Bl u e Fl a x 4, 5, 10 HRB 18 Jun - 8 Jul Convolvulaceae Mo r n i n g Gl o r y Fa m i l y Lo a s a c e a e Lo a s Fa m i l y Calystegia occidentalis We s t e r n Mo r n i n g Gl o r y 6 burnt FOR 8 Jul - 1 Aug Mentzelia dispersa Ne v a d a St i c k l e a f 6 burnt FOR 14 Sept ssp. occidentalis Ma l v a c e a e Ma l l o w Fa m i l y Crassulaceae St o n e c r o p Fa m i l y Iliamna bakeri Ba k e r ’s Gl o b e Ma l l o w 6, 7, 8 SAV, burnt FOR 26 Jul - 1 Aug Sedum oregonense Cr e a m y St o n e c r o p 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 Rock 11 Jun - 2 Jul Sidalcea oregana ssp. spicata Mo u n t a i n Ch e c k e r b l o o m 5, 9 HRB 12 Jul - 1 Aug Sedum stenopetalum Na r r o w -p e t a l e d St o n e c r o p 4, 5, 6, 7 Rock 27 Jun - 23 Jul On a g r a c e a e Ev e n i n g Pr i m r o s e Fa m i l y Cucurbitaceae Go u r d Fa m i l y Chamerion angustifolia Fi r e w e e d 5, 7, 8, 9 HRB, burnt FOR 1 Aug - 30 Aug Marah oreganus Or e g o n Wi l d Cu c u m b e r 1 FOR 12 Jul Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica En c h a n t e r ’s Ni g h t s h a d e 2, 3, 4, 5 FOR 23 Jul - 13 Aug Er i c a c e a e He a t h Fa m i l y Clarkia rhomboidea Co mm o n Cl a r k i a 3, 4, 7 HRB, FOR edge 27 Jun - 27 Aug Arctostaphylos patula Gr e e n l e a f Ma n z a n i t a 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 SHR, FOR edge 11 May - 8 Jun Epilobium brachycarpum Ta l l An n u a l Wi l l o w He r b 1, 2 FOR 23 Jul - 30 Aug Pyrola picta Wh i t e -v e i n e d Wi n t e r g r e e n 3 FOR 1 Aug Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Co mm o n We s t e r n Wi l l o w He r b 1, 5, 9 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul - 30 Aug Fa b a c e a e Pe a Fa m i l y Epilobium densiflorum De n s e l y -f l o w e r e d Bo i s d u va l i a 8 HRB 23 Jul - 30 Aug •Lathyrus latifolius Pe r e n n i a l Sw e e t Pe a 1 SHR 23 Jul - 30 Aug Epilobium minutum Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Wi l l o w He r b 1, 2, 4 Rock, FOR edge 18 Jun - 30 Aug Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. nevadensis Si e r r a Ne v a d a Wi l d Pe a 4, 5 HRB 18 Jun Gayophytum diffusum Sp r e a d i n g Ga y o p h y t u m 3, 4, 6 Rock, burnt FOR 2 Jul - 30 Aug Lupinus albicaulis Si c k l e -k e e l e d Lu p i n e 3, 5 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul - 23 Jul ssp. parviflorum Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii Dw a r f Lu p i n e 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Rock 11 Jun - 18 Jun Gayophytum humile Dw a r f Ga y o p h y t u m 4 Rock 2 Jul Trifolium cyathiferum Wi d e -c o l l a r e d Cl o v e r 9 HRB 23 Jul Or o b a n c h a c e a e Br o o m r a p e Fa m i l y •Trifolium pratense Re d Cl o v e r 2 FOR 23 Jul Orobanche uniflora Na k e d Br o o m r a p e 5, 6 Rock 11 Jun •Trifolium repens Wh i t e Cl o v e r 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Papaveraceae Po p p y Fa m i l y Vicia americana var. americana Am e r i c a n Ve t c h 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 11 Jun - 2 Jul Dicentra uniflora St e e r ’s He a d 5, 9 Rock 10 May - 18 May Fa g a c e a e Oa k Fa m i l y Pl a n t a g i n a c e a e Pl a n t a i n Fa m i l y Chrysolepis sempervirens Bu s h Ch i n q u a p i n 5 SHR (no flower date offered) •Plantago lanceolata En g l i s h Pl a n t a i n 1 FOR 27 Jun Quercus garryana var. breweri Br e w e r ’s Oa k 1, 4, 6, 7 FOR, Rock •Plantago major Co mm o n Pl a n t a i n 1 FOR 27 Jun Quercus garryana var. garryana Or e g o n Wh i t e Oa k 4, 7, 9 FOR, SAV Ph l o x Fa m i l y Ge r a n i a c e a e Ge r a n i u m Fa m i l y Collomia grandiflora Gr a n d Co l l o m i a 9 HRB 2 Jul Geranium oreganum Or e g o n Ge r a n i u m 8 FOR edge 27 Jun - 26 Jul Collomia tinctoria St a i n i n g Co l l o m i a 8 HRB 27 Jun Grossulariaceae Go o s e b e r r y Fa m i l y Gilia capitata ssp. capitata Bl u e -h e a d e d Gi l i a 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 HRB 8 Jun - 1 Aug Ribes binominatum Tr a i l i n g Go o s e b e r r y 1, 2, 3, 6, 10 FOR, Rock 18 Jun - 2 Jul Ipomopsis aggregata Sc a r l e t Gi l i a 4, 5 HRB 26 Jul - 14 Sept Ribes lacustre Pr i c k l y Cu r r a n t 1 FOR 18 May - 2 Jun ssp. formosissima Ribes lobbii Gu mm y Go o s e b e r r y 2 FOR 18 Jun harknessii Ha r k n e s s ’ Fl a x f l o w e r 4, 5, 8, 9 HRB, FOR edge 27 Jun - 12 Jul Ribes sanguineum var. sanguineum Re d Fl o w e r i n g Cu r r a n t 1 FOR 18 May - 24 May Linanthus harknessii) Ribes viscosissimum St i c k y Cu r r a n t 2, 9, 10 SHR, FOR edge 18 May - 31 May Navarretia divaricata Mo u n t a i n Na v a r r e t i a 4 Rock 27 Jun Hy d r o p h y l l a c e a e Wa t e r l e a f Fa m i l y ssp. divaricata Hesperochiron pumilus Dw a r f Hesperochiron 4, 8, 9 HRB 18 May - 4 Jun Navarretia intertexta Ne e d l e -l e a v e d Na v a r r e t i a 8 HRB 12 Jul Hydrophyllum capitatum Dw a r f Wa t e r l e a f 1, 7 FOR, Rock 11 May - 13 May ssp. intertexta var. alpinum Navarretia sinistra ssp. sinistra Sm o o t h -l e a v e d Gi l i a 8 HRB 12 Jul Hydrophyllum fendleri Fe n d l e r ’s Wa t e r l e a f 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 FOR 11 Jun - 2 Jul (Gilia sinistra ssp. sinistra) var. albifrons Phlox gracilis Pi n k An n u a l Ph l o x 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Rock, HRB 10 May - 2 Jul Nemophila menziesii var. menziesii Ba b y Bl u e -e y e s 5 HRB 4 Jun Polemonium carneum Ro y a l Po l e m o n i u m 1, 2, 4 FOR 18 May - 18 Jun Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 11 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r Po l y g o n a c e a e Bu c k w h e a t Fa m i l y Eriogonum compositum Ar r o w l e a f Wi l d Bu c k w h e a t 1, 6 FOR, Rock 12 Jul - 23 Jul var. compositum Eriogonum nudum Na k e d Wi l d Bu c k w h e a t 7, 8, 9 Rock 2 Jul - 13 Aug var. oblongifolium Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Ro u n d -h e a d e d Wi l d Bu c k w h e a t 7, 8, 9 Rock 2 Jul - 1 Aug var. halimioides Eriogonum umbellatum Wa r n e r Mo u n t a i n s Su l p h u r Fl o w e r 5 Rock 1 Aug - 30 Aug var. glaberrimum Eriogonum umbellatum Mo d o c Su l p h u r Fl o w e r 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 HRB, Rock 11 Jun - 30 Aug var. modocensis Polygonum douglasii ssp. douglasii Do u g l a s ’ Kn o t w e e d 4, 7 Rock, burnt FOR 2 Jul - 14 Sept Polygonum douglasii Fa l l Kn o t w e e d 4, 7 Rock 30 Aug - 14 Sept ssp. spergulariiforme Polygonum minimum Le a f y Kn o t w e e d 4, 6 Rock 27 Jun - 1 Aug Polygonum polygaloides Wh i t e -m a r g i n e d Kn o t w e e d 9 HRB 2 Jul ssp. kelloggii •Rumex acetosella Sh e e p So r r e l 2, 4, 5 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul •Rumex crispus Cu r l y Do c k 9 HRB 1 Aug Portulacaceae Pu r s l a n e Fa m i l y Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Mi n e r ’s Le t t u c e 1, 2 FOR 11 Jun - 3 Jul Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra Re d Mi n e r ’s Le t t u c e 4, 5 Rock, HRB 10 May - 14 Jun Claytonia sibirica Ca n d y Fl o w e r 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 FOR, burnt FOR 11 Jun – 20 Sept Lewisia nevadensis Ne v a d a Le w i s i a 5, 9 Rock 24 May - 14 Jun Lewisia triphylla Th r e e -l e a v e d Le w i s i a 4, 8, 9 Rock, HRB 31 May - 18 Jun Montia chamissoi To a d Li l y 9 HRB 11 Jun Ranunculaceae Bu t t e r c u p Fa m i l y Actaea rubra Ba n e b e r r y 1, 2, 4 FOR 31May - 27 Jun Anemone deltoidea We s t e r n Wh i t e An e m o n e 1, 2 FOR 2 Jun - 18 Jun Anemone lyallii Li t t l e Mo u n t a i n An e m o n e 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 10 May - 14 Jun Aquilegia formosa We s t e r n Co l u m b i n e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 FOR, HRB 8 Jun – 23 Jul Cimicifuga elata var. alpestris Ta l l Bu g b a n e 1, 2 FOR 3 Jul - 30 Aug Delphinium glaucum To w e r De l p h i n i u m 1, 2 FOR 23 Jul - 14 Sept Delphinium nuttallianum Tw o -l o b e La r k s p u r 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 FOR, HRB 10 May - 18 Jun Ranunculus occidentalis We s t e r n Bu t t e r c u p 9 HRB 11 Jun Ranunculus orthorhynchus Bi r d f o o t Bu t t e r c u p 9 HRB 11 Jun var. orthorhynchus Ranunculus uncinatus Li t t l e Bu t t e r c u p 1 FOR 18 May Thalictrum fendleri var. fendleri Fe n d l e r ’s Me a d o w Ru e 2, 4, 5 FOR 11 Jun Rh a m n a c e a e Bu c k t h o r n Fa m i l y Ceanothus velutinus Sn o w b r u s h 6, 7, 8 burnt FOR (seedlings only) Rhamnus purshiana Ca s c a r a 1 FOR Ro s a c e a e Ro s e Fa m i l y Amelanchier alnifolia We s t e r n Serviceberry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 FOR, SHR 11 Jun - 18 Jun var. semiintegrifolia betuloides Bi r c h -l e a f Mo u n t a i n -m a h o g a n y 6 FOR edge 18 May var. betuloides Fragaria vesca Wo o d St r a w b e r r y 1, 2, 3 FOR 11 Jun - 3 Jul Geum macrophyllum La r g e -l e a v e d Av e n s 2, 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Holodiscus discolor Oc e a n s p r a y 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Rock, SHR 2 Jul - 13 Aug Holodiscus microphyllus Ro c k Sp i r a e a 4, 9 Rock, SHR 26 Jul - 13 Aug var. microphyllus Potentilla glandulosa ssp. reflexa St i c k y Ci n q u e f o i l 9 HRB 2 Jul Potentilla gracilis var. fastigiata Sl e n d e r Ci n q u e f o i l 9 HRB 1 Aug Prunus emarginata Bi t t e r Ch e r r y 5, 7, 8 Rock, FOR edge 11 Jun Prunus virginiana var. demissa We s t e r n Ch o k e Ch e r r y 5, 8 SHR, FOR edge 11 Jun - 18 Jun Rosa bridgesii Br i d g e ’s Wi l d Ro s e 4, 9 FOR, HRB 2 Jul - 12 Jul 12 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r i n Fl o w e r Po l y g o n a c e a e Bu c k w h e a t Fa m i l y Eriogonum compositum Ar r o w l e a f Wi l d Bu c k w h e a t 1, 6 FOR, Rock 12 Jul - 23 Jul Rosa gymnocarpa Wo o d Ro s e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 FOR 2 Jul var. compositum Rubus leucodermis Bl a c k c a p Ra s p b e r r y 1 FOR (fruit) 4 Aug Eriogonum nudum Na k e d Wi l d Bu c k w h e a t 7, 8, 9 Rock 2 Jul - 13 Aug Rubus parviflorus Th i m b l e b e r r y 1, 7 FOR, burnt FOR 3 Jul - 23 Jul var. oblongifolium Sanguisorba occidentalis An n u a l Bu r n e t 1, 8, 9 FOR, HRB 12 Jul Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Ro u n d -h e a d e d Wi l d Bu c k w h e a t 7, 8, 9 Rock 2 Jul - 1 Aug Ru b i a c e a e Ma d d e r Fa m i l y var. halimioides Galium aparine Go o s e Gr a s s 6, 7 FOR 2 Jul Eriogonum umbellatum Wa r n e r Mo u n t a i n s Su l p h u r Fl o w e r 5 Rock 1 Aug - 30 Aug Galium triflorum Sw e e t -s c e n t e d Be d s t r a w 1, 5 FOR edge 12 Jul var. glaberrimum Sa x i f r a g a c e a e Sa x i f r a g e Fa m i l y Eriogonum umbellatum Mo d o c Su l p h u r Fl o w e r 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 HRB, Rock 11 Jun - 30 Aug Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina La v a He u c h e r a 4, 5, 7 Rock 11 Jun - 2 Jul var. modocensis Lithophragma campanulatum Hi l l St a r 1, 4, 5, 8 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Polygonum douglasii ssp. douglasii Do u g l a s ’ Kn o t w e e d 4, 7 Rock, burnt FOR 2 Jul - 14 Sept Lithophragma glabrum Bu l b l e t Wo o d l a n d St a r 5, 9 Rock, HRB 18 May Polygonum douglasii Fa l l Kn o t w e e d 4, 7 Rock 30 Aug - 14 Sept Lithophragma parviflorum Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Wo o d l a n d St a r 1, 2, 5, 6 FOR, HRB 11 Jun - 18 Jun ssp. spergulariiforme var. parviflorum Polygonum minimum Le a f y Kn o t w e e d 4, 6 Rock 27 Jun - 1 Aug Mitella diversifolia An g l e -l e a v e d Mi t r e w o r t 1 FOR 11 Jun Polygonum polygaloides Wh i t e -m a r g i n e d Kn o t w e e d 9 HRB 2 Jul Mitella trifida Th r e e -t o o t h e d Mi t r e w o r t 1, 2, 4 FOR 11 Jun - 18 Jun ssp. kelloggii Saxifraga aprica Si e r r a Sa x i f r a g e 5 HRB 11 Jun •Rumex acetosella Sh e e p So r r e l 2, 4, 5 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul Tellima grandiflora La r g e Fr i n g e Cu p s 1, 2 FOR 18 Jun •Rumex crispus Cu r l y Do c k 9 HRB 1 Aug Sc r o p h u l a r i a c e a e Sn a p d r a g o n Fa m i l y Portulacaceae Pu r s l a n e Fa m i l y Castilleja pruinosa Fr o s t y Pa i n t b r u s h 4, 6, 7 Rock, FOR edge 11 Jun - 2 Jul Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Mi n e r ’s Le t t u c e 1, 2 FOR 11 Jun - 3 Jul Castilleja tenuis Ha i r y Ow l Cl o v e r 9 HRB 2 Jul Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra Re d Mi n e r ’s Le t t u c e 4, 5 Rock, HRB 10 May - 14 Jun Collinsia linearis Na r r o w -l e a v e d Co l l i n s i a 4, 6, 7, 8 HRB, FOR edge 11 Jun - 2 Jul Claytonia sibirica Ca n d y Fl o w e r 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 FOR, burnt FOR 11 Jun – 20 Sept Collinsia parviflora Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Co l l i n s i a 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 FOR, HRB 10 May - 18 Jun Lewisia nevadensis Ne v a d a Le w i s i a 5, 9 Rock 24 May - 14 Jun Mimulus breweri Br e w e r ’s Mo n k e y Fl o w e r 4 Rock 18 Jun Lewisia triphylla Th r e e -l e a v e d Le w i s i a 4, 8, 9 Rock, HRB 31 May - 18 Jun Mimulus guttatus Se e p -s p r i n g Mo n k e y Fl o w e r 8, 9 HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Montia chamissoi To a d Li l y 9 HRB 11 Jun Orthocarpus imbricatus Mo u n t a i n Ow l Cl o v e r 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 HRB 31 May - 30 Aug Ranunculaceae Bu t t e r c u p Fa m i l y Penstemon deustus var. pedicellatus Ho t Ro c k Pe n s t e m o n 7, 8 Rock 11 Jun - 8 Jul Actaea rubra Ba n e b e r r y 1, 2, 4 FOR 31May - 27 Jun Synthyris reniformis Sn o w Qu e e n 1 FOR 24 May - 8 Jun Anemone deltoidea We s t e r n Wh i t e An e m o n e 1, 2 FOR 2 Jun - 18 Jun •Verbascum thapsus Wo o l l y Mu l l e i n 6, 7 SAV, burnt FOR 1 Aug - 30 Aug Anemone lyallii Li t t l e Mo u n t a i n An e m o n e 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 10 May - 14 Jun Veronica americana Am e r i c a n Sp e e d w e l l 1, 9 HRB 11 Jun - 1 Aug Aquilegia formosa We s t e r n Co l u m b i n e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 FOR, HRB 8 Jun – 23 Jul Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa Th y m e -l e a v e d Sp e e d w e l l 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Cimicifuga elata var. alpestris Ta l l Bu g b a n e 1, 2 FOR 3 Jul - 30 Aug Valerianaceae Va l e r i a n Fa m i l y Delphinium glaucum To w e r De l p h i n i u m 1, 2 FOR 23 Jul - 14 Sept Plectritis congesta Ro s y Pl e c t r i t i s 4, 5, 6 Rock, HRB 11 Jun - 2 Jul Delphinium nuttallianum Tw o -l o b e La r k s p u r 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 FOR, HRB 10 May - 18 Jun Valeriana sitchensis ssp. sitchensis Mo u n t a i n Va l e r i a n 1, 4 FOR, HRB 18 Jun - 2 Jul Ranunculus occidentalis We s t e r n Bu t t e r c u p 9 HRB 11 Jun Vi o l a c e a e Vi o l e t Fa m i l y Ranunculus orthorhynchus Bi r d f o o t Bu t t e r c u p 9 HRB 11 Jun adunca We s t e r n Do g Vi o l e t 1 FOR 18 Jun var. orthorhynchus Viola bakeri Ba k e r ’s Vi o l e t 4, 5 HRB, FOR edge 8 Jun Ranunculus uncinatus Li t t l e Bu t t e r c u p 1 FOR 18 May Viola glabella St r e a m Vi o l e t 1, 2, 3, 4 FOR 8 Jun - 11 Jun Thalictrum fendleri var. fendleri Fe n d l e r ’s Me a d o w Ru e 2, 4, 5 FOR 11 Jun Viola sheltonii Sh e l t o n ’s Vi o l e t 5, 6 FOR 10 May - 18 Jun Rh a m n a c e a e Bu c k t h o r n Fa m i l y Ceanothus velutinus Sn o w b r u s h 6, 7, 8 burnt FOR (seedlings only) FLOWERING PLANTS: Rhamnus purshiana Ca s c a r a 1 FOR MONOCOTS Ro s a c e a e Ro s e Fa m i l y Cy p e r a c e a e Se d g e Fa m i l y Amelanchier alnifolia We s t e r n Serviceberry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 FOR, SHR 11 Jun - 18 Jun Carex hoodii Ho o d ’s Se d g e 3, 4, 5, 9 HRB 23 Jul var. semiintegrifolia Carex pachystachya Ch a m i s s o Se d g e 9 HRB (fruit) 30 Aug Cercocarpus betuloides Bi r c h -l e a f Mo u n t a i n -m a h o g a n y 6 FOR edge 18 May Scirpus microcarpus Sm a l l -f r u i t e d Bu l r u s h 9 HRB 2 Jul var. betuloides Ju n c a c e a e Ru s h Fa m i l y Fragaria vesca Wo o d St r a w b e r r y 1, 2, 3 FOR 11 Jun - 3 Jul Juncus ensifolius Da g g e r -l e a v e d Ru s h 9 HRB 23 Jul Geum macrophyllum La r g e -l e a v e d Av e n s 2, 5 FOR edge 12 Jul Li l i a c e a e Li l y Fa m i l y Holodiscus discolor Oc e a n s p r a y 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Rock, SHR 2 Jul - 13 Aug Allium falcifolium Si c k l e -l e a v e d Wi l d On i o n 1 FOR 27 Jun Holodiscus microphyllus Ro c k Sp i r a e a 4, 9 Rock, SHR 26 Jul - 13 Aug Allium siskiyouense Si s k i yo u Wi l d On i o n 4, 5, 6, 7 Rock 18 Jun - 27 Jun var. microphyllus Calochortus monophyllus Ye l l o w St a r Tu l i p 8 Rock 18 Jun Potentilla glandulosa ssp. reflexa St i c k y Ci n q u e f o i l 9 HRB 2 Jul Calochortus tolmiei Pu s s y Ea r s 7 SAV 8 Jun Potentilla gracilis var. fastigiata Sl e n d e r Ci n q u e f o i l 9 HRB 1 Aug Camassia quamash ssp. breviflora Sm a l l -f l o w e r e d Co mm o n Ca m a s 4, 5, 8, 9 Rock, HRB 31 May - 18 Jun Prunus emarginata Bi t t e r Ch e r r y 5, 7, 8 Rock, FOR edge 11 Jun Clintonia uniflora Qu e e n Cu p 2 FOR 8 Jul Prunus virginiana var. demissa We s t e r n Ch o k e Ch e r r y 5, 8 SHR, FOR edge 11 Jun - 18 Jun Dichelostemma capitatum Bl u e Di c k s 7 SAV 8 Jun Rosa bridgesii Br i d g e ’s Wi l d Ro s e 4, 9 FOR, HRB 2 Jul - 12 Jul ssp. capitatum Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008 13 Fa m i l y : Ge n u s a n d Sp e c i e s Fa m i l y : A Co m m o n Na m e Lo c a t i o n Ha b i t a t Da t e s Se e n i n Fl o w e r

Dichelostemma congestum Oo c o w 6, 7 HRB 18 Jun Erythronium klamathense Kl a m a t h Fa w n Li l y 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 HRB, FOR, rock 10 May - 18 Jun Fritillaria affinis var. affinis Ch e c k e r Li l y 3, 4, 6, 7 HRB, FOR 2 Jun - 18 Jun Fritillaria atropurpurea Sp o t t e d Mo u n t a i n Be l l s 4, 5 HRB 2 Jun - 18 Jun Fritillaria pudica Ye l l o w Be l l s 4, 5, 6 HRB, Rock 10 May - 8 Jun washingtonianum Wa s h i n g t o n Li l y 1, 4, 9 FOR (fruit) 30 Aug ssp. purpurascens Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Fe a t h e r y Fa l s e So l o m o n ’s Se a l 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 FOR 13 May - 18 Jun amplexicaule (Smilacina racemos.) Maianthemum stellatum St a r Fa l s e So l o m o n ’s Se a l 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 FOR 13 May - 18 Jun (Smilacina stellatum) Prosartes hookeri (Disporum h.) Ho o k e r ’s Fa i r y Be l l s 1, 2, 3, 10 FOR 18 Jun Trillium ovatum ssp. ovatum We s t e r n Tr i l l i u m 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 FOR 8 Jun - 18 Jun Trillium albidum Gi a n t Tr i l l i u m 5 HRB 31 May Triteleia hyacinthina Wh i t e Br o d i a e a 4, 7 Rock, SAV 8 Jun - 18 Jun Toxicoscordion venenosum var. De a t h Ca m a s 8 HRB 2 Jul venenosum (Zigadenus v. var. v.) Veratrum californicum Ca l i f o r n i a Co r n Li l y 9 HRB 12 Jul var. californicum Or c h i d a c e a e Or c h i d Fa m i l y Calypso bulbosa Ca l y p s o Or c h i d 1 FOR 18 May Cephalanthera austinae Ph a n t o m Or c h i d 1, 3 FOR 12 Jul Corallorhiza striata St r i p e d Co r a l Ro o t 1, 2, 3 FOR 18 Jun Piperia unalascensis Sh o r t -s p u r r e d Re i n Or c h i d 1, 4 FOR 12 Jul Platanthera leucostachys Wh i t e -f l o w e r e d Bo g Or c h i d 9 HRB 12 Jul Po a c e a e Gr a s s Fa m i l y Achnatherum lemmonii Le mm o n ’s Ne e d l e g r a s s 4 Rock 8 Jun Agrostis exarata We s t e r n Be n t -g r a s s 8, 9 HRB 12 Jul - 23 Jul •Agrostis stolonifera Cr e e p i n g Be n t 1 FOR (fruit) 1 Aug •Arrhenatherum elatius Ta l l Oa t Gr a s s 6, 7, 9 HRB, burnt FOR 12 Jul - 1 Aug •Bromus briziformis Ra t t l e s n a k e Br o m e 6 burnt FOR 8 Jul Bromus carinatus var. carinatus Ca l i f o r n i a Br o m e 1, 4, 5, 7, 8 FOR, HRB 2 Jul •Bromus tectorum Ch e a t Gr a s s 6, 7 HRB 2 Jul •Cynosurus echinatus He d g e h o g Do g t a i l 8 HRB 2 Jul Deschampsia danthonioides An n u a l Ha i r g r a s s 4, 5 FOR 2 Jul Deschampsia elongata Sl e n d e r Ha i r g r a s s 1, 5 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul Elymus elymoides ssp. californicus Squirreltail 1 FOR 12 Jul Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides Squirreltail 4 HRB 2 Jul Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus We s t e r n Ry e g r a s s 5, 9 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul Festuca californica Ca l i f o r n i c a Fe s c u e 1 FOR 12 Jul Festuca subulata Be a r d e d Fe s c u e 1, 2, 5 HRB, FOR edge 2 Jul - 12 Jul Glyceria elata Fo w l Ma n n a g r a s s 9 HRB 13 Aug Melica aristata Be a r d e d Me l i c g r a s s 7 burnt FOR (fruit) 1 Aug Melica fugax Sm a l l On i o n g r a s s 9 HRB 18 May Melica subulata Al a s k a On i o n g r a s s 1, 2 FOR 18 Jun - 2 Jul •Phleum pratense Cu l t i v a t e d Ti m o t h y 9 HRB 13 Aug •Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Ke n t u c k y Bl u e g r a s s 5, 9 HRB, FOR edge 12 Jul Poa secunda ssp. secunda On e -s i d e d Bl u e g r a s s 4, 5 HRB, FOR edge 2 Jul •Thinopyrum intermedium In t e r m e d i a t e Wh e a t g r a s s 1 HRB (fruit) 14 Sept (Agropyron intermedium) •Triticum aestivum Wh e a t 8 burnt SAV (fruit) 14 Sept

14 Kalmiopsis Volume 15, 2008