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A Preliminary Study on the Dung Beetles of the Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India

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A Preliminary Study on the Dung Beetles of the Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication A preliminary study on the dung beetles of the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India Aparna Sureshchandra Kalawate 26 February 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 2 | Pages: 11316–11331 10.11609/jot.3844.10.2.11316-11331 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Threatened Taxa Dung beetles of northern Western GhatsJournal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2018 | 10(2): 11316–11331Kalawate A preliminary study on the dung beetles of the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Short Communication Short Aparna Sureshchandra Kalawate ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Vidhya Nagar, Sector-29, P.C.N.T. (PO), Rawet Road, Akurdi, OPEN ACCESS Pune, Maharashtra 411044, India [email protected] Abstract: The present study documented 50 species represented by dung beetles feed on many important agricultural crops 25 genera, 17 tribes, seven subfamilies belonging to Hybosoridae, causing economic losses amountng millions of rupees Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea from the northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra. The identfed specimens afectng the GDP of the country. The damage caused are deposited at the Natonal Zoological Collecton, Zoological Survey by scarab is severe in economic crops like sugarcane, of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India. This is the preliminary study and a frst report on the dung beetle fauna groundnut, cereals, millets, pulses, vegetables and of this region covering almost the entre northern Western Ghats of plantaton crops. As per Kulkarni et al. (2007) incidence Maharashtra. of scarab beetle, Schizonycha rufcollis in teak (Tectona Keywords: Dung beetles, Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hybosoridae, grandis) lead to 14–52 % of damage to seedlings in the Dung beetles. nursery beds itself. A species diversity study is vital for planning the pest management practces. Geographical variatons with cropping patern diferences contribute Beetles belonging to the Scarabaeidae family are to the compositon of species complex of a region commonly called dung beetles. Scarabaeidae comprises (Sreedevi et al. 2017). Hence, a diversity study of dung about 27,800 species worldwide (Ratclife 2002). It beetles would be helpful to the concerned authority in includes Laprostct and Pleurostct beetles. The pest management optons. Laprostct includes dung feeders while the Pleurostct is A few studies reported that the local distributon of phytophagous. They are cosmopolitan, and their diversity dung beetles is strongly infuenced by vegetaton cover is high in tropical forests (Hanski & Cambefort 1991). and soil type (Nealis 1977; Doube 1983; Janzen 1983). Dung beetles are important decomposers, involved They are ideal bio-indicators for investgatng impacts in nutrient recycling, seed dispersal and the control of of anthropogenic disturbances to ecosystems. They vertebrate parasites (dung breeding dipteran pests) and have been used in several studies to investgate the are therefore an important component of tropical forest efects of environmental disturbance on forest diversity systems (Hanski & Krikken 1991). The phytophagous and structure (Howden & Nealis 1975; Klein 1989; DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3844.10.2.11316-11331 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28749554-41FD-4470-B8E8-8FBDEFCA51A8 Editor: P.P. Bhatacharjee, Tripura University, Tripura, India. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3844 | Received 13 October 2017 | Final received 02 January 2018 | Finally accepted 21 January 2018 Citaton: Kalawate, A.S. (2018). A preliminary study on the dung beetles of the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(2): 11316–11331; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3844.10.2.11316-11331 Copyright: © Kalawate 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: None. Competng interests: The author declares no competng interests. Acknowledgements: I am grateful to Dr. Kailash Chandra, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata and Dr. P.S. Bhatnagar, Scientst-D & Ofcer-in-Charge, Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune for providing facilites. I wish to extend my thanks to Shri. Sreejith S. Kumar, Senior Zoological Assistant, Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune for preparing map of the survey localites. The author is grateful to the reviewer’s and the subject editor for their valuable comments that improved the manuscript. 11316 Dung beetles of northern Western Ghats Kalawate Nummelin & Hanski 1989; Davis & Suton 1998; Davis Ghats of Maharashtra. Hence, an atempt was made to 2000). Biodiversity surveys are important in providing assess the diversity of dung beetles of this region. The informaton needed for conservaton planning, and present study on scarabaeid beetles was preliminary development of management plans, the rich biodiversity and covered the entre Western Ghats of Maharashtra of the dung beetles are to be conserved and protected for the frst tme with their distributon and diferent to maintain the ecological balance. collecton localites. The Fauna of Britsh India on Scarabaeid beetles was published in three volumes by Arrow (1910, 1917 and Materials and Methods 1931) describing 1,300 species from Britsh India. The The surveys were undertaken from 2015–2017 Fauna of Maharashtra Part-II: State Fauna series, listed covering 13 districts of Western Ghats of Maharashtra, 89 species in 32 genera belonging to six subfamilies viz.: Thane, Satara, Sangli, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Nandurbar, under Scarabaeidae from Maharashtra (Jadhav & Sharma Palghar, Sindhudurg, Dhule, Pune, Kolhapur, Nasik, and 2012). A total of 87 species in seven tribes, 13 genera Ahmednagar. Also, specimens lying in unidentfed of dung beetles was reported by Priyadarsanan (2006) collectons of the Western Regional Centre, Zoological from Biligiri Rangasamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, a part Survey of India, Pune were studied. Detailed survey of the Western Ghats. Veenakumari & Veeresh (1997) localites are mentoned under material examined and reported 61 species of Scarabaeinae from Bangalore, shown in Fig. 1. The beetles were collected using light Karnataka, India. Sathiandran et al. (2015) studied 36 traps and by handpicking from the dung present in the species of dung beetles from Periyar Tiger Reserve in feld. The light traps were operated from 19:00 hrs to southern Western Ghats. On perusal of literature, it 24:00 hrs and were installed at the collecton sites for was found that a comprehensive study on dung beetles two nights in each survey locality. The specimens were with their distributon is lacking from northern Western killed using ethyl acetate vapors and preserved dry. The Figure 1. The survey localites from the study area. Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2018 | 10(2): 11316–11331 11317 Dung beetles of northern Western Ghats Kalawate (II) Family Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802 (B) Subfamily Bolboceratnae Mulsant, 1842 Tribe Bolboceratni Mulsant, 1842 2. Bolboceras nigricans Westwood, 1848 (Image 2) Proceed. Linn. Soci. London, 1: 384–387. Material examined: ZSI-WRC-ENT-1/2895, 29.ix.1968, 02 ex., Babdevghat, Pune, B.S. Lamba & 0 0 Figire 2. Number of species recorded from the subfamilies from the Party (approximate locaton: 18.3113 N & 73.5124 E). Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Distributon: India (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry), Myanmar, Tanzania. collected beetles were relaxed, pinned and preserved in the laboratory for further studies. The specimens were (III) Family Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 studied under Leica EZ 4 HD stereozoom microscope. (C) Subfamily Cetoniinae Leach, 1819 All identfed specimens were labeled, duly registered Tribe Cetoniini Leach, 1815 and deposited at Natonal Zoological Collecton, Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, 3. Anatona stllata (Newman, 1838) (Image 3) Pune, Maharashtra, India (ZSI-WRC). The specimens Cetonia stllata Newman, 1838; Ent. Mag.,V : 169. were identfed with the help of available literature, i.e., Anatona stllata: Arrow, 1910; Faun. Brit. India, I: Arrow (1910, 1917, 1931), Balthasar (1963a,b, 1964), 114. Kuijten(1983), and Krikken (2013). The classifcaton of Material examined: ZSI-WRC-ENT-1/1924, 17.x.1962,
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