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Acquisitions of “Nascent” Competitors
the antitrust source Ⅵ www.antitrustsource.com Ⅵ August 2 0 20 1 Acquisitions of “Nascent” Competitors Jonathan Jacobson and Christopher Mufarrige Virtually every day we hear about how “big tech” has gotten “too big.” Congressional inquiries of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple fill the business pages regularly. 1 The FTC is investigat - ing, 2 the Justice Department and State Attorneys General are reportedly about to file suit, 3 and enthusiastic academics and politicians are positing expanding antitrust as a way to “rein in” the activities of these firms. One of the most discussed approaches is using antitrust to prevent (or at least inhibit) large technology platforms from acquiring promising start-ups—based on the theo - ry that at least some such acquisitions of these “nascent competitors” eliminate important future Vcompetition. 4 Britain’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and the U.S. Federal Trade Com - mission recently blocked the planned merger of Illumina and Pacific Biosciences on just that basis. 5 Other investigations are reportedly pending, 6 and there even have been some reports of revisiting long-consummated mergers, such as Facebook/Instagram or Google/YouTube. 7 We believe these efforts are largely misguided. “Nascent competitor” acquisitions tend to add useful new features to products consumers already love, eliminate little or no current competition, supply the acquired firm’s users with far greater support and innovation, and provide a valuable exit ramp for investors, encouraging future investments in innovation. Consumer harm is at best Ⅵ speculative. And most importantly, critics have identified no instances in which meaningful com - Jonathan Jacobson is a petition has been lost or consumers harmed. -
The Dopamine Transporter: More Exciting Than Housekeeping
The Dopamine Transporter: More Exciting than Housekeeping Susan Ingram Washington State University Vancouver Dopaminergic Synapse Presynaptic cell MGluR 2 Na+ Cl- GIRK D2 DA DA D2 D1 a1 Postsynaptic cell Currents are activated at lower dopamine concentrations than are required for transport Ingram, et al., 2002 Low DA concentrations increase firing Ingram, et al., 2002 DAT-mediated chloride current is excitatory in cultured midbrain DA neurons DEPOLARIZATION HYPERPOLARIZATION Ingram, et al., 2002 Proteins that regulate intracellular Cl- Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from DA neurons Raclopride Sulpiride Prazosin TTX biocytin Prasad and Amara, 2001 Amphetamine activates a DAT-mediated current at low concentrations Cultures Slices Watts, Fyfe and Ingram, unpublished data. DA neurons make glutamatergic autapses in culture and amphetamine increases AMPA currents Ingram, et al., unpublished data mbYFPQS localizes to the membrane of cultured midbrain neurons Watts, Jimenez and Ingram, unpublished data. Amphetamine stimulates a dose-dependent change in mbYFPQS fluorescence in both soma and dendrites of DA neurons Watts and Ingram, unpublished data. KCC2 Expression is different in cultures and slices cultures slices TH KCC2 Jamieson and Ingram, unpublished data. Baculoviral Transfections Watts and Ingram, unpublished data. Summary • DAT-mediated chloride current may alter excitability of DA neurons and integration of synaptic activity. • The current may be activated selectively (relative to transport) by low DA and amphetamine concentrations suggesting a role in increasing release of DA. • The amphetamine-mediated current is dose-dependent in both cultures and slices of midbrain neurons but is inhibited at high amphetamine concentrations (20 µM). • The mbYFPQS is a sensitive tool to measure intracellular chloride concentrations (K50 = 30 mM) and is useful for monitoring changes in intracellular chloride concentrations in dendrites. -
Program Book
PARKINSON’SDISEASE2014 ADVANCING RESEARCH, IMPROVING LIVES PROGRAM MATERIALS Sponsored by: January 6 – 7, 2014 Natcher Conference Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD About our cover: The program cover image is a stylized version of the Parkinson’s Disease Motor-Related Pattern (PDRP), an abnormal pattern of regional brain function observed in MRI studies which shows increased metabolism indicated by red in some brain regions (pallidothalamic, pontine, and motor cortical areas), and decreased metabolism indicated by blue in others (associated lateral premotor and posterior parietal areas). Original image used with permission of David Eidelberg, M.D. For further information see: Hirano et al., Journal of Neuroscience 28 (16): 4201-4209. Welcome Message from Dr. Story C. Landis Welcome to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conference, “Parkinson’s Disease 2014: Advancing Research, Improving Lives.” Remarkable new discoveries and technological advances are rapidly changing the way we study the biological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease, identify paths to improved treatments, and design effective clinical trials. Elucidating mechanisms and developing and testing effective interventions require a diverse set of approaches and perspectives. The NINDS has organized this conference with the primary goal of seeking consensus on, and prioritizing, research recommendations spanning clinical, translational, and basic Parkinson’s disease research that we support. We have assembled a stellar and dedicated group of session chairs and panelists who have worked collaboratively to identify emerging research opportunities in Parkinson’s research. While we have divided our working groups into three main research areas, we expect each will inform the others over the course of the next two days, and we look forward to both complementary and unique perspectives. -
Tolerated Use
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2008 Tolerated Use Tim Wu Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Tim Wu, Tolerated Use, COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF LAW & THE ARTS, VOL. 31, P. 617, 2008; COLUMBIA LAW & ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER NO. 333 (2008). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/1534 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Center for Law and Economic Studies Columbia University School of Law 435 West 116th Street New York, NY 10027-7201 (212) 854-3739 Tolerated Use Tim Wu Working Paper No. 333 May, 2008 Do not quote or cite without author’s permission. This paper can be downloaded without charge at: The Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=1132247 An index to the working papers in the Columbia Law School Working Paper Series is located at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/lawec/ Tolerated Use Tim Wu† Introduction “Tolerated use” is a term that refers to the contemporary spread of technically infringing, but nonetheless tolerated use of copyrighted works. Such patterns of mass infringement have occurred before in copyright history, though perhaps not on the same scale, and have usually been settled with the use of special laws, called compulsory licensing regimes, more familiar to non-copyright scholars as liability rules. -
2019 27Th Annual Poets House Showcase Exhibition Catalog
2019 27th Annual Poets House Showcase Exhibition Catalog Poets House | 10 River Terrace | New York, NY 10282 | poetshouse.org ELCOME to the 2019 Poets House Showcase, our annual, all-inclusive exhibition of the most recent poetry books, chapbooks, broadsides, artists’ books, and multimedia works published in the United States and W abroad. This year marks the 27th anniversary of the Poets House Showcase and features over 3,300 books from more than 800 different presses and publishers. For 27 years, the Showcase has helped to keep our collection current and relevant, building one of the most extensive collections of poetry in our nation—an expansive record of the poetry of our time, freely available and open to all. Building the Exhibit and the Poets House Library Collection Every year, Poets House invites poets and publishers to participate in the annual Showcase by donating copies of poetry titles released since January of the previous year. This year’s exhibit highlights poetry titles published in 2018 and the first part of 2019. Books have been contributed by the entire poetry community, from the publishers who send on their titles as they’re released, to the poets who mail us signed copies of their newest books, to library visitors donating books when they visit us. Every newly published book is welcomed, appreciated, and featured in the Showcase. The Poets House Showcase is the mechanism through which we build our library: a comprehensive, inclusive collection of over 70,000 poetry works, all free and open to the public. To make it as extensive as possible, we reach out to as many poetry communities and producers as we can, bringing together poetic voices of all kinds to meet the different needs and interests of our many library patrons. -
Nascent Competitors
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2020 Nascent Competitors C. Scott Hemphill New York University School of Law, [email protected] Tim Wu Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, Internet Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation C. Scott Hemphill & Tim Wu, Nascent Competitors, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LAW REVIEW, VOL. 168, P. 1879, 2020; NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LAW & ECONOMICS RESEARCH PAPER NO. 20-50; COLUMBIA LAW & ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER NO. 645 (2020). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2661 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE NASCENT COMPETITORS C. SCOTT HEMPHILL† & TIM WU†† A nascent competitor is a firm whose prospective innovation represents a serious threat to an incumbent. Protecting such competition is a critical mission for antitrust law, given the outsized role of unproven outsiders as innovators and the uniquely potent threat they often pose to powerful entrenched firms. In this Article, we identify nascent competition as a distinct analytical category and outline a program of antitrust enforcement to protect it. We make the case for enforcement even where the ultimate competitive significance of the target is uncertain, and explain why a contrary view is mistaken as a matter of policy and precedent. -
Isoflurane Inhibits Dopaminergic Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis Coupled to Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 in Rat Midbrain Neurons
This Accepted Manuscript has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Research Article: New Research | Neuronal Excitability Isoflurane inhibits dopaminergic synaptic vesicle exocytosis coupled to CaV2.1 and CaV2.2 in rat midbrain neurons Christina L. Torturo1,2, Zhen-Yu Zhou1, Timothy A. Ryan1,3 and Hugh C. Hemmings1,2 1Departments of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 2Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 3Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0278-18.2018 Received: 16 July 2018 Revised: 18 December 2018 Accepted: 21 December 2018 Published: 10 January 2019 Author Contributions: CLT, ZZ, TAR and HCH designed the research; CLT performed the research, TAR contributed unpublished reagents/analytic tools; CLT and ZZ analyzed the data; CLT, ZZ, TAR, and HCH wrote the paper. Funding: http://doi.org/10.13039/100000002HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) GM58055 Conflict of Interest: HCH: Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Anaesthesia; consultant for Elsevier. Funding Sources: NIH GM58055 Corresponding author: Hugh C. Hemmings, E-mail: [email protected] Cite as: eNeuro 2019; 10.1523/ENEURO.0278-18.2018 Alerts: Sign up at www.eneuro.org/alerts to receive customized email alerts when the fully formatted version of this article is published. Accepted manuscripts are peer-reviewed but have not been through the copyediting, formatting, or proofreading process. Copyright © 2019 Torturo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. -
Tim Wu Tries to Save the Internet the Scholar Who Coined 'Net Neutrality' Fears a Corporate Takeover of the Web
THE CHRONICLE REVIEW Tim Wu Tries to Save the Internet The scholar who coined 'net neutrality' fears a corporate takeover of the Web. Now he's in a position to fight that. By Marc Parry MARCH 20, 2011 WASHINGTON Mid-February, Tuesday night, a downtown D.C. restaurant. Nursing a pint of Magic Hat in a back booth, Tim Wu struggles to make the transition from one of the loudest lives Jay Primack for The Chronicle Review in academe to his new job as a quietly Tim Wu in his Washington apartment effective federal bureaucrat. The Columbia Law School professor used to be his own boss, CEO of Tim Wu Inc. He made his name by coining the concept of "net neutrality," the notion that network operators shouldn't block or favor certain content. As an essayist based at Slate, he translated technology policy for popular consumption and chronicled an eclectic list of other obsessions: vintage Hondas and Mongolia, weight lifting and yoga, dumplings and hot springs. He broadened his audience this past fall with a sweeping new history of information empires, The Master Switch (Knopf). "He's on the cusp of being enormously influential," says his mentor, Lawrence Lessig, a Harvard Law School professor and copyright-reform advocate. Maybe. But right now Wu is trying to be something else: boring. One day before this dinner interview, the 38-year-old professor reported for duty as a senior adviser at the Federal Trade Commission, a consumer-protection and antitrust- enforcement agency with a mandate to fight business abuses. So he clams up when I ask what must be on the minds of many tech lobbyists in town: Which company scares you the most? "I can't answer that question, now I'm in the FTC," Wu says. -
Television Academy Awards
2019 Primetime Emmy® Awards Ballot Outstanding Directing For A Comedy Series A.P. Bio Handcuffed May 16, 2019 Jack agrees to help Mary dump her boyfriend and finds the task much harder than expected, meanwhile Principal Durbin enlists Anthony to do his dirty work. Jennifer Arnold, Directed by A.P. Bio Nuns March 14, 2019 As the newly-minted Driver's Ed teacher, Jack sets out to get revenge on his mother's church when he discovers the last of her money was used to buy a statue of the Virgin Mary. Lynn Shelton, Directed by A.P. Bio Spectacle May 30, 2019 After his computer breaks, Jack rallies his class to win the annual Whitlock's Got Talent competition so the prize money can go towards a new laptop. Helen and Durbin put on their best tuxes to host while Mary, Stef and Michelle prepare a hand-bell routine. Carrie Brownstein, Directed by Abby's The Fish May 31, 2019 When Bill admits to the group that he has Padres season tickets behind home plate that he lost in his divorce, the gang forces him to invite his ex-wife to the bar to reclaim the tickets. Betsy Thomas, Directed by After Life Episode 2 March 08, 2019 Thinking he has nothing to lose, Tony contemplates trying heroin. He babysits his nephew and starts to bond -- just a bit -- with Sandy. Ricky Gervais, Directed by Alexa & Katie The Ghost Of Cancer Past December 26, 2018 Alexa's working overtime to keep Christmas on track. But finding her old hospital bag stirs up memories that throw her off her holiday game. -
The Intersection of Antitrust and Intellectual Property: the Quest for Certainty in an Uncertain World
Federal Trade Commission The Intersection of Antitrust and Intellectual Property: The Quest for Certainty in an Uncertain World Remarks of J. Thomas Rosch Commissioner, Federal Trade Commission before the Intellectual Property Litigation: Back to Business Latham & Watkins LLP Menlo Park, California May 18, 2011 I am going to talk today about the quest for certainty in an uncertain world. I will focus on the current debate between Dan Wall and Amanda Reeves, on the one hand, and Tim Wu, on the other hand, as well as on three amicus briefs the Federal Trade Commission has filed or may be filing respecting the intersection between antitrust law and intellectual property law. My remarks will be posted online on the Commission’s website at www.ftc.gov after I make them today. The views stated here are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or other Commissioners. I am grateful to my attorney advisor, Henry Su, for his invaluable assistance in preparing these remarks. The hunger for certainty in applying the antitrust laws among antitrust practitioners antedates modern high-tech or pharma issues. After all, it was certainty in the law that was largely responsible for Chief Justice Warren Burger’s fondness for rules of per se illegality.1 Arguably at the other end of the spectrum, it was this same interest in certitude that led the Justice Department to champion rules of per se legality in its (now withdrawn) 2008 Report on Single Firm Conduct.2 However, this quest for certainty (or predictability) has arguably risen to its crest as the intersection between antitrust law and intellectual property law has become fuzzier (or more blurred). -
Conference Schedule
Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology (SNIP) 23rd Scientific Conference Hotel DOUBLETREE BY HILTON PHILADELPHIA CENTER CITY Philadelphia, PA, USA March 29 - April 1, 2017 Previous Conferences:1993 Toronto Hilton, Canada; 1994 Breakers, Palm Beach, FL; 1995 Bristol Court, San Diego, CA; 1996 Caribe Hilton, San Juan, PR; 1997 Opryland Hotel, Nashville TN; 1998 Scottsdale Princess, Scottsdale, AR; 2000 NIH Mazur Auditorium, Bethesda MD; 2001 Emory University, Atlanta, GA; 2002 Clearwater Beach Hilton, Clear Water, FL; 2004, La Fonda Hotel, Santa Fe, NM; 2005 Clearwater Beach Hilton, Clear Water, FL; 2006 La Fonda Hotel, Santa Fe, NM; 2007 City Center Marriott Hotel, Salt Lake City, UT; 2008 Francis Marion Hotel, Charleston, SC; 2009 Pearl Plaza Howard Johnson, Wuhan, China; 2010 Manhattan Beach Marriott, Manhattan Beach, CA; 2011 Hilton Clearwater Beach Resort, Clear Water Beach, FL; 2012 Hawaii Prince Hotel, Honolulu, HI; 2013 Conrad Hilton, San Juan, PR; 2014 Intercontinental New Orleans, LA.; 2015; Hyatt Regency, Miami, FL; 2016, Hotel Galaxy, Krakow, Poland. Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Acknowledgement of Special Contributors and Sponsors 3-5 The SNIP Council, Officials, and Committees 6-7 Annual Society Awards 8-9 2016 Early Career Investigator Travel Awardees 9-11 2016 Plenary Speaker Biographies 12-14 Conference Agenda Wednesday March 29, 2017 City-Wide NeuroAIDS Discussion Group 15-16 Opening Reception 16 Poster Session 1 (W1-72, Abstract listings page 25) 16 1st Annual DISC Networking Hour 16 Thursday March 30, 2017 Presidential Symposium: Dopamine Neurotransmission in HIV-1 Infection 16-17 Presidential Symposium: Dr. David Sulzer 17 Symposium 2: Novel mechanisms of CNS infection 17-18 Meet the Mentors Lunch 18 SNIP Council Meeting 18 Pharmacology Symposium: Dr. -
2019 27Th Annual Poets House Showcase Exhibition Catalog
2019 27th Annual Poets House Showcase Exhibition Catalog Poets House | 10 River Terrace | New York, NY 10282 | poetshouse.org ELCOME to the 2019 Poets House Showcase, our annual, all-inclusive exhibition of the most recent poetry books, chapbooks, broadsides, artists’ books, and multimedia works published in the United States and abroad. This year marks the 27th anniversary of the Poets House Showcase and features over 3,300 books from more than 800 different presses and publishers. For 27 years, the Showcase has helped to keep our collection Wcurrent and relevant, building one of the most extensive collections of poetry in our nation—an expansive record of the poetry of our time, freely available and open to all. Building the Exhibit and the Poets House Library Collection Every year, Poets House invites poets and publishers to participate in the annual Showcase by donating copies of poetry titles released since January of the previous year. This year’s exhibit highlights poetry titles published in 2018 and the first part of 2019. Books have been contributed by the entire poetry community, from the publishers who send on their titles as they’re released, to the poets who mail us signed copies of their newest books, to library visitors donating books when they visit us. Every newly published book is welcomed, appreciated, and featured in the Showcase. The Poets House Showcase is the mechanism through which we build our library: a comprehensive, inclusive collection of over 70,000 poetry works, all free and open to the public. To make it as extensive as possible, we reach out to as many poetry communities and producers as we can, bringing together poetic voices of all kinds to meet the different needs and interests of our many library patrons.