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(ECD) (0-4 YEARS) in SOUTH AFRICA Support Structures SCALING UP EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD) (0-4 YEARS) IN SOUTH AFRICA Support Structures Dena Lomofsky Managing Director / Senior Consultant Southern Hemisphere Consultants ([email protected]) Valerie Flanagan Director Development Alternatives ([email protected]) Liezl Coetzee Senior Consultant Southern Hemisphere Consultants ([email protected]) July 2008 1 Scaling up Early Childhood Development (ECD) (0-4 Years) in South Africa Human Sciences Research Council July 2008 Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development and the Director-General's Social Cluster. This project was co-funded by the Department of Education, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and the HSRC. The Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development acted as a Reference Group for the project. This committee is chaired by the Department of Social Development and includes representatives from the Departments of Education, Health, Arts and Culture, and Public Works, and the Office on the Rights of the Child in the Presidency. The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development, the Department of Education or the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. The authors would particularly like to thank members of the HSRC research team Miriam Altman, Linda Biersteker, Prof. Andy Dawes, Judith Streak and members of the Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development for their input and guidance on this report. We would also like to thank all the organisations that participated in the primary research and shared their valuable insights with us. Produced by: Dena Lomofsky, Valerie Flanagan and Liezl Coetzee Contact: Dr Miriam Altman Executive Director: CPEG, HSRC E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +27 12 302 2402 2 Support Structures Contents Figures ................................................................................................................. 4 Boxes ................................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms ............................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary ............................................................................................. 7 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 14 1.1 Brief description of the context............................................................................. 16 1.1.1 Extent of provision .............................................................................................. 16 1.1.2 Role-players and linkages in the sector .................................................................. 17 1.1.3 Funding and capacity ........................................................................................... 20 2. Support organisations as intermediaries providing linkages in the sector 27 3. Models or supervisory structures for scaling up ECD provision in South Africa ................................................................................................................. 34 3.1 Social franchising ..................................................................................................... 34 3.1.1 What is social franchising? ................................................................................... 34 3.1.2 How social franchises roll out ............................................................................... 36 3.1.3 Monitoring and quality assurance......................................................................... 37 3.1.4 Forms of social franchising – standardisation ....................................................... 38 3.1.5 Funding franchises ............................................................................................... 40 3.1.6 Making franchises sustainable .............................................................................. 41 3.1.7 Crucial considerations and lessons learnt in choosing a franchise model .................. 46 3.2 Networks and associations ................................................................................... 49 3.2.1 Advantages .......................................................................................................... 52 3.2.2 Limitations ......................................................................................................... 52 3.3 Capacity building and resource models ............................................................... 53 3.3.1 Advantages .......................................................................................................... 54 4. Approaches to service delivery ................................................................... 57 5. Conclusions and considerations for model(s) of support........................... 59 References ......................................................................................................... 63 Appendix 1 – Case studies ................................................................................. 67 6. International case studies ........................................................................... 67 6.1 Social franchise model .......................................................................................... 67 6.1.1 Green Star – Pakistan ........................................................................................ 67 6.1.2 Green Key – Pakistan ......................................................................................... 70 6.1.3 Biruh Tesfa – Ethiopia ....................................................................................... 70 6.1.4 Mobile for Good (M4G) – Kenya ....................................................................... 71 6.1.5 NFTE – New York to Global .......................................................................... 73 6.1.6 Mary Stopes International (MSI) – Honduras and Nicaragua ............................ 73 3 Scaling up Early Childhood Development (ECD) (0-4 Years) in South Africa 6.1.7 Integrated Maternal Child Care Services and Development Inc. (IMCCSDI) Philippines ......................................................................................................................... 75 6.1.8 Janani – India..................................................................................................... 79 6.1.9 Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) ........................................... 84 6.1.10 The STRIVE programme – USA ................................................................... 85 6.1.11 MS Society – London ....................................................................................... 85 6.2 Joint venture model ............................................................................................... 86 6.2.1 Fundacion Mexicana para la Planeacion Familiar (Mexfam) – Mexico .............. 86 6.3 Community model ................................................................................................. 88 6.3.1 FAD, Teens Healthquarters – Manila, Philippines ............................................. 88 6.4 Private provider model ......................................................................................... 90 6.4.1 K-MET, Kenya .................................................................................................. 90 6.4.2 TOP Reseau, Madagascar ................................................................................... 91 6.5 Governmental model ............................................................................................ 93 6.5.1 Gold Star Project, Egypt ..................................................................................... 93 7. South African examples .............................................................................. 95 7.1 NOAH .................................................................................................................... 95 7.1.1 The NOAH social franchising system ................................................................. 95 7.1.2 Support provided to NOAH franchisees .............................................................. 97 7.1.3 Benefits associated with this franchising model ...................................................... 98 7.1.4 Some pitfalls of social franchising and lessons learned ............................................ 98 7.2 loveLife ..................................................................................................................... 99 7.2.1 The loveLife social franchising system ................................................................. 100 7.2.2 Support provided to loveLife franchisees .............................................................. 100 7.2.3 Benefits associated with this franchising model .................................................... 101 7.2.4 Some pitfalls of social franchising and lessons learned .......................................... 101 References ....................................................................................................... 102 Figures Figure 1 – Role-players in the ECD sector ........................................................................ 19 Figure 2 – Cluster map in relation to an ECD site, for example, a formal ECD centre .........................................................................................................................................
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