DOCSLIB.ORG

SOCIAL FRANCHISING AS a STRATEGY for EXPANDING ACCESS to REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES a Case Study of the Green Star Service Delivery Network in Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SOCIAL FRANCHISING AS a STRATEGY for EXPANDING ACCESS to REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES a Case Study of the Green Star Service Delivery Network in Pakistan COMMERCIAL MARKET STRATEGIES new directions in reproductive health TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES SOCIAL FRANCHISING AS A STRATEGY FOR EXPANDING ACCESS TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES A case study of the Green Star service delivery network in Pakistan By Julie McBride, MPH, and Rehana Ahmed, MD September 2001 Social Franchising as a Strategy for Expanding Access to Reproductive Health Services A case study of the Green Star service delivery network in Pakistan By Julie McBride, MPH, and Rehana Ahmed, MD September 2001 This publication was prepared by the Commercial Market Strategies Project (CMS). It is intended to serve as a reference for donors, governments, and potential implementing agencies that wish to address some of the same needs as the Green Star program. Material from this publication may be reproduced provided CMS and the authors are acknowledged as the source. Opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies. This publication was made possible through support provided by the Office of Population, Center for Population, Health and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Contract No. HRN-C-00-98-00039-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Table of Contents Figures ................................................................................................................. iii Tables................................................................................................................... iii Contributors......................................................................................................... 1 About the Green Star Case Study ....................................................................... 3 Preface ................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................... 7 Acronyms............................................................................................................. 9 Project Photographs............................................................................................ 11 The Green Star Network ...................................................................................... 15 Introduction ...............................................................................................................15 Background: The Pakistan Context..........................................................................17 Family Planning in Pakistan .....................................................................................17 Other Health and Social Indicators in Pakistan .......................................................18 The Public Health Sector in Pakistan.......................................................................18 The Private Health Sector in Pakistan......................................................................19 From the Social Marketing of Condoms to Franchising Family Planning Services: Evolution of the Green Star Network.......................................................20 Design .................................................................................................................. 23 Green Star’s Stakeholders.........................................................................................23 Service Delivery: The Franchise Model...................................................................24 Operational Components of the Network.................................................................27 The Green Star Brand ...............................................................................................28 Assuring Quality Franchisees...................................................................................31 How the Components Work Together......................................................................38 Green Star Management ...........................................................................................38 Implementing the Green Star Network................................................................ 41 Evaluation..................................................................................................................41 Refinement ................................................................................................................43 Expansion ..................................................................................................................43 i Achievements ...................................................................................................... 45 Expanded Access to Family Planning......................................................................45 Improved Quality of Family Planning Services.......................................................47 Increased Use of Family Planning Services and Methods.......................................48 Green Star’s Sustainability .......................................................................................57 Problems and Challenges ................................................................................... 61 Compliance with Green Star Quality Standards ......................................................61 Mechanisms to Control Pricing ................................................................................61 The Need For Immediate Results.............................................................................62 Maintaining Provider Skills......................................................................................62 Managing a Rapidly Growing Network...................................................................62 Sustaining Provider Involvement .............................................................................63 The Future of Green Star: Next Steps................................................................. 65 Raising the Standard of Care ....................................................................................65 Strengthening Franchisee Business Practices ..........................................................65 Increasing Client Flow..............................................................................................65 Expanding the Network’s Reach ..............................................................................66 Green Star Plus: Establishing Integrated Hubs........................................................68 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Disseminating Results ...............................................68 Lessons Learned from the Green Star Experience ............................................ 71 Project Design ...........................................................................................................71 Implementation .........................................................................................................73 References ........................................................................................................... 77 Appendix A: Green Star Monitoring & Evaluation Tools................................... 81 Clinic Grading Checklist ..........................................................................................81 Supervisory Activity Sheet.......................................................................................82 Appendix B: Green Star Network’s Provider Service-Delivery Protocols ......... 83 Choice of Methods....................................................................................................83 Information Exchange...............................................................................................83 Technical Competence..............................................................................................83 Interpersonal Relations .............................................................................................84 Continuity of Care.....................................................................................................84 Acceptability and Appropriateness of Services .......................................................84 ii Figures The Green Star Network in Pakistan (location of provider training sessions)............16 Contraceptive Methods Used in Pakistan.....................................................................18 Milestones in Green Star’s Development.....................................................................21 History of PSI/SMP funding in Pakistan — Project Implementation Structure.........22 National CYP growth, 1994–2000 ...............................................................................54 Couple-years of protection generated by Green Star products....................................55 Growth in the contraceptive prevalence rate, 1990–99 ...............................................57 Total PSI/SMP cost per couple-year of protection, 1987–2000 (years 1– 14) ...........58 Cost per CYP since Green Star began, 1995–2000 (years 1– 5).................................60 Tables Growth of the Green Star Network...............................................................................43 Estimated family planning client visits received by Green Star..................................48 Total Pakistan oral contraceptive market, 1994–2000.................................................49
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Study on Compliments in Thai: a Case of the Blind Auditions “The Voice Senior Thailand Season 1”
    Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 24(2), 37-68. https:// doi.org/10.25256/PAAL.24.2.3 A Study on Compliments in Thai: A Case of the Blind Auditions “the Voice Senior Thailand Season 1” Sakulrat Worathumrong Worathumrong, S. (2020). A study on compliments in Thai: A case of the blind auditions “the Voice Senior Thailand Season 1”. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 24(2), 37-68. This study investigates the initial encounters of 30 Thai senior citizens and the four Thai musician-celebrity coaches in the blind auditions of “the Voice Senior Thailand season 1”. The analysis was drawn from studies on compliments, politeness, and face work. The analysis found that both overt-oriented and covert-oriented compliments were used extensively when the coaches evaluated the senior contestants’ vocal performances. The use of such compliments exhibits the shift from a distant relationship to a closer one. The prominent use of covert-oriented compliments as face-maintenance and face-enhancing strategies and as distance-minimization or imposition-mitigation strategies (Blum-Kulka, 2005) suggests rapport management between the four coaches and the senior contestants. Such interconnectedness of the multidirectional functions of compliments in Thai as well as face and politeness found in this study could exemplify how both younger and older generations of Thai people interact to form and shape a closer relationship in their first encounters in contemporary Thai language. This study could shed some lights on cross-cultural studies of complimenting behaviors and politeness in similar contexts or in other contexts related to younger and older generations in aging societies (e.g., workplace contexts or senior- education settings).
    [Show full text]
  • Social Franchising for ECD1
    In every issue of Ilifa Insights, we will introduce innovative thinking and practice that we believe to have the potential to be game changing for ECD in South Africa. GAME CHANGERS Social Franchising for ECD1 CAROL-ANN FOULIS explains the possible value of using this entrepreneurial strategy for improving ECD access and quality in South Africa. What is Social Franchising? Examples of Successful Social franchising is being used all over the world as a game- Social Franchising changing strategy for bringing essential services to poor Most successful social franchises require donor investment for people at scale. Social franchises operate across a range of the start-up phase, with many going on to generate their own sectors, including health care, education, and social support income. Here are some positive examples of franchises from and protection. A social franchise is significantly different from various sectors and countries: a commercial franchise, in that it is set up to maximise social In India, CHILDLINE India provides a toll-free help impact rather than maximise profits. However, it draws from line for street children in distress. As of March 2013, a total systems, processes and approaches in commercial franchising to of 27 million calls had been serviced (since its inception in provide a consistent range of services, by creating an organised 1996), with operations in 291 cities or districts in 30 states network of providers, achieving economies of scale in common drawing on a network of 540 partner organisations across activities and processes and developing common metrics to the country. monitor and assess performance. In Ghana, Omega Schools is a for-profit social franchise Much like the Montessori pre-school approach, an ECD aimed at expanding access to high quality, low-cost private social franchise would employ a common organisation and education for low income households.
    [Show full text]
  • (ECD) (0-4 YEARS) in SOUTH AFRICA Support Structures
    SCALING UP EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD) (0-4 YEARS) IN SOUTH AFRICA Support Structures Dena Lomofsky Managing Director / Senior Consultant Southern Hemisphere Consultants ([email protected]) Valerie Flanagan Director Development Alternatives ([email protected]) Liezl Coetzee Senior Consultant Southern Hemisphere Consultants ([email protected]) July 2008 1 Scaling up Early Childhood Development (ECD) (0-4 Years) in South Africa Human Sciences Research Council July 2008 Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development and the Director-General's Social Cluster. This project was co-funded by the Department of Education, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and the HSRC. The Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development acted as a Reference Group for the project. This committee is chaired by the Department of Social Development and includes representatives from the Departments of Education, Health, Arts and Culture, and Public Works, and the Office on the Rights of the Child in the Presidency. The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development, the Department of Education or the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. The authors would particularly like to thank members of the HSRC research team Miriam Altman, Linda Biersteker, Prof. Andy Dawes, Judith Streak and members of the Interdepartmental Committee for Early Childhood Development for their input and guidance on this report. We would also like to thank all the organisations that participated in the primary research and shared their valuable insights with us. Produced by: Dena Lomofsky, Valerie Flanagan and Liezl Coetzee Contact: Dr Miriam Altman Executive Director: CPEG, HSRC E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +27 12 302 2402 2 Support Structures Contents Figures ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Young Americans to Emotional Rescue: Selected Meetings
    YOUNG AMERICANS TO EMOTIONAL RESCUE: SELECTING MEETINGS BETWEEN DISCO AND ROCK, 1975-1980 Daniel Kavka A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC August 2010 Committee: Jeremy Wallach, Advisor Katherine Meizel © 2010 Daniel Kavka All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Jeremy Wallach, Advisor Disco-rock, composed of disco-influenced recordings by rock artists, was a sub-genre of both disco and rock in the 1970s. Seminal recordings included: David Bowie’s Young Americans; The Rolling Stones’ “Hot Stuff,” “Miss You,” “Dance Pt.1,” and “Emotional Rescue”; KISS’s “Strutter ’78,” and “I Was Made For Lovin’ You”; Rod Stewart’s “Do Ya Think I’m Sexy“; and Elton John’s Thom Bell Sessions and Victim of Love. Though disco-rock was a great commercial success during the disco era, it has received limited acknowledgement in post-disco scholarship. This thesis addresses the lack of existing scholarship pertaining to disco-rock. It examines both disco and disco-rock as products of cultural shifts during the 1970s. Disco was linked to the emergence of underground dance clubs in New York City, while disco-rock resulted from the increased mainstream visibility of disco culture during the mid seventies, as well as rock musicians’ exposure to disco music. My thesis argues for the study of a genre (disco-rock) that has been dismissed as inauthentic and commercial, a trend common to popular music discourse, and one that is linked to previous debates regarding the social value of pop music.
    [Show full text]
  • Star Academy Middle School Guide 2021 - 2022 PROGRAM and SCHEDULE
    Star Academy Middle School Guide 2021 - 2022 PROGRAM AND SCHEDULE Capture Curiosity. Develop Potential. Our Philosophy The best for you & your growing child Our goal is to maximize your children’s academic opportunities during school time, so that families can have their evenings and weekends free to enjoy being together. The Directors of Star Academy have the child’s interests in mind, and also value the interests of the parents. Our extensive school curriculum exposes the children to many different spheres of knowledge and experiential learning during the daytime -- prime time for learning. As a result, many extraneous after school activities become unnecessary. However for those still looking for additional electives, the after school program has ample offerings all under one roof. Thus, we take away the burden of shuffling schedules, circuitous driving, and no family time or weekend time to yourselves. Mission Statement The Star Academy’s primary objective is to capture a child’s natural curiosity and to develop his/her potential as a lifelong learner. Our educational goals are based on our thoughtfully planned recognition of what the parents need for their children and what children need to succeed. Our Philosophy Each child carries tremendous potential within. Our goal at Star Academy is to gently lead each child to realize their innate potential at the highest degree. We teach children to problem solve, develop their social skills, and to steer their natural curiosity toward true knowledge. We strive to accomplish this through:
    [Show full text]
  • Empowering Women Health Providers Through Social Franchising Stories from Kenya and Uganda Summary
    Empowering Women Health Providers through Social Franchising Stories from Kenya and Uganda Summary While social franchising interventions were designed to achieve positive health outcomes and were not intended to improve gender equality, franchisors in some countries target primarily female cadres such as midwives. As a result, social franchising may unintentionally help women providers overcome gender-related barriers. SHOPS Plus visited social franchisees in Kenya and Uganda to better understand how social franchising has affected the lives of women franchise owners. This brief analyzes the findings from interviews with women providers using the Social Franchising Empowerment Framework. It finds that social franchising empowers women providers, specifically within their ability to make and implement decisions and perform tasks as well as in their self-confidence. Based on the findings, the brief concludes with recommendations on how social franchises and the private sector overall could take a more intentional approach to improving women’s empowerment outcomes. Keywords: Africa, family planning, gender, networks and franchising, private provider networks, provider access to finance, provider networks, provider quality, quality assurance, quality improvement, social franchise, sub-Saharan Africa Photo: Julius Caesar Amooti Kasujja Recommended Citation: Hastings, Mary Beth and Intissar Sarker. 2019. Empowering Women Health Providers through Social Franchising: Stories from Kenya and Uganda. Brief. Rockville, MD: Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector Plus Project, Abt Associates. This brief is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Abt Associates and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government.
    [Show full text]
  • SONGCRAFTERS' COLORING BOOK by Bill Pere the Four Faders Of
    The concepts discussed in this article are a part of the comprehensive analysis of songwriting presented in the complete book "Songcrafters' Coloring Book: The Essential Guide to Effective and Successful Songwriting" , by Bill Pere. For additional information or to order a copy, visit http://www.songcrafterscoloringbook.com (Lots of expanded discussion of this topic in the complete Songcrafters' Coloring Book) SONGCRAFTERS' COLORING BOOK By Bill Pere The Four Faders of Songwriting Success "If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost. There is where they should be. Now put foundations under them." – Henry David Thoreau "Any great work of art . revives and readapts time and space, and the measure of its success is the extent to which it makes you an inhabitant of that world -- the extent to which it invites you in and lets you breathe its strange, special air." - Leonard Bernstein "We believe that not every song, not every artist, not every album, is created equal."- Edgar Bronfman Jr., Chairman, Warner Music Group In our other articles, we've had an overview of Parameters and Roles, and we’re ready to look at one more paradigm -- that which deals with the parameters of why songs achieve or fail to achieve commercial and/or artistic success. This paradigm will be known as the Four Faders, using an analogy we’re all familiar with: the controls on a mixing board (see diagram below). For any song you can name, someone will say "It’s a great song !" -- For any song, there will always be at least one person, besides the writer and his/her circle of friends, who thinks so.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Guide for Reducing Radiated and Conducted Emissions in Isolated Systems Using Silicon Labs’ Isolators
    AN1131: Design Guide for Reducing Radiated and Conducted Emissions in Isolated Systems Using Silicon Labs’ Isolators Silicon Labs isolators are designed for minimal radiated and con- ducted emissions, enabling systems to meet stringent standards KEY POINTS such as FCC Part 15, CISPR 32, and CISPR 25. • EMC standards limit the amount of radiated and conducted emissions that can All electronic circuits generate some level of radiated and conducted emissions. If these be generated by various types of electrical/ emission levels are excessive, they may interfere with the operation of nearby or electri- electronic equipment. cally connected equipment. Therefore, designers must be careful to minimize emission • Silicon Labs isolators are designed for levels from their circuits to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of their designs. minimal radiated and conducted emissions to help meet FCC Part 15, CISPR 32, and Meeting conducted and radiated emissions standards can be both challenging and cost- CISPR 25 standards. ly if not considered early in the design cycle. Component selection and printed circuit • Galvanic isolation between circuits can board (PCB) design are key to reducing emissions and achieving first pass success result in additional electromagnetic for a given standard’s profile. This design guide begins by identifying and classifying coupling and emissions challenges. sources of radiated and conducted emissions in an isolated system and then proposes • This design guide describes techniques various techniques to attenuate these emissions. These discussions are followed by two for reducing the levels of radiated and case studies wherein emission reduction techniques are applied to circuit board designs conducted emissions in equipment that that utilize the Si88241 isolator.
    [Show full text]
  • Emc Standards and Regulations: a Brief Review
    United States Department of Commerce 1 1 f I 1 I Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology NISTIR 3989 EMC STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS: A BRIEF REVIEW M.T. Ma NISTIR 3989 EMC STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS: A BRIEF REVIEW M.T. Ma Electromagnetic Fields Division Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328 May 1992 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Barbara Hackman Franklin, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, Robert M. White, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, John W. Lyons, Director t CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Important EMC Standards and Regulations 3 2.1 Department of Defense Standards 4 2.2 Civilian Government Agencies 11 2.3 Voluntary Organizations 14 3. General Discussions of Existing Standards 19 3.1 Setting a Realistic Standard Limit 19 3.2 Estimating Measurement Uncertainties 21 3.3 Determining Specifications Based on Technical Justifications . 21 4. Conclusions and Suggestions 27 5. References 28 iii EMC Standards and Regulations: A Brief Review M. T. Ma Electromagnetic Fields Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, CO 80303 Important current regulations and standards regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurements are reviewed. These regulations and standards have been either enforced by U, S. government agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and Department of Defense, or incorporated in voluntary industrial practice. The specific methods and configurations of measurement required in some of these standards are assessed from a technical basis to see whether or not they are adequate and appropriate. Technical deficiencies and potential problems, if any, are pointed out together with recommendations of alternative and better methods of measurements.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Social Franchising Compendium an Annual Survey of Programs, 2012
    CliniCal SoCial FranChiSing Compendium An annual Survey of programs, 2012 The Global Health Group University of California, San Francisco May 2012 CliniCal SoCial FranChiSing Compendium An annual Survey of programs, 2012 The Global Health Group University of California, San Francisco May 2012 Copyright © 2012 The Global Health Group The global health group Global Health Sciences University of California, San Francisco 50 Beale Street, Suite 1200 San Francisco, CA 94105, USA Email: [email protected] Website: globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/global-health-group ordering information Electronic download: This publication is available for electronic download at http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/global-health-group. Print copies: Limited print copies are available from the Global Health Group. To request a copy, please send an email to [email protected]. Information will be updated over time and published online at http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/global-health-group. recommended citation Schlein, K. and Montagu, D. (2012). Clinical Social Franchising Compendium: An Annual Survey of Programs, 2012. San Francisco: The Global Health Group, Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Produced in the United States of America. First Edition, May 2012 This is an open-access document distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This document is a product of the Global Health Group at the University of California, San Francisco. The information contained herein was provided by individual franchise programs and was not independently verified. This document is intended to serve as a guide, and the interpretation and use of the information is the responsibility of the reader.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Franchise Boards : a Stakeholder Perspective
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2012 Exploring franchise boards : a stakeholder perspective. Denise M. Cumberland University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Cumberland, Denise M., "Exploring franchise boards : a stakeholder perspective." (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 297. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/297 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING FRANCHISE BOARDS: A STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE By Denise M. Cumberland B.A., University of Maryland, 1980 M.A., University of Maryland, 1982 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Education and Human Development of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Leadership, Foundations and Human Resource Education University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May, 2012 Copyright 2012 by Denise Marie Cumberland All rights reserved EXPLORING FRANCHISE BOARDS: A STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE By Denise M. Cumberland B.A., University of Maryland, 1980 M.A., University of Maryland, 1982 A Dissertation Approved on January 25, 2012 By the following Dissertation Committee: Dr. Rod P. Githens Dissertation Co-Chair Dr. Samuel C. Stringfield Dissertation Co-Chair Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Aftermath Two Covers One Album Aftermath, Released April 15, 1966 in the UK, Marked the Beginning of the Stones’ Golden Age
    Aftermath Two Covers One Album Aftermath, released April 15, 1966 in the UK, marked the beginning of the Stones’ golden age. They were no longer apprentices playing the songs of Chicago bluesmen. The Stones were creating their own music. This is the story of one musically important album with two different album cover versions. It stands in contrast to the Stones’ earlier trend of using one album cover for two different albums. There is a UK version cover and a US version cover. The art is different but there is more that unites this story than that divides it so the covers are covered together. This is the story of After-Math if you lived in the United Kingdom and of Aftermath if you lived in the United States. It begins with a lengthy but fun diversion into the Stones first movie as a group, for which this album might have been the soundtrack. Heady Times These were heady times for The Rolling Stones. They had just completed their US tour and immediately began to record for their next album. They had been living life in a goldfish bowl where they were being fawned over, pandered to and thrust into a position to order anything on room service that would temporarily sate any pleasure or perversion. The Stones were working the touring and recording circuits hard while manager Andrew Loog Oldham worked all the promotion angles. One of those promotional angles had, since 1964, promised the Stones were coming to the silver screen. The backstory begins in 1964, this is, after all, an aftermath story, so we need to know the aftermath of what? Oldham was taken by Anthony Burgess’ 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange and he had adopted Burgess’s style of writing in his rambling sleeve notes on previous albums.
    [Show full text]