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Genetic Control of Immune Response to Pseudorabies and Atrophic Rhinitis Vaccines: I

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Genetic Control of Immune Response to Pseudorabies and Atrophic Rhinitis Vaccines: I Animal Science Publications Animal Science 1987 Genetic Control of Immune Response to Pseudorabies and Atrophic Rhinitis Vaccines: I. Heterosis, General Combining Ability and Relationship to Growth and Backfat David Lynn Meeker Iowa State University Max F. Rothschild Iowa State University, [email protected] L. L. Christian Iowa State University C. M. Warner Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_pubs H. TP. aHrti lofl the Agriculture Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and SIotrwauctur Stateal U nBivioerlositgy y Commons, Genetics Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ans_pubs/318. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Animal Science Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genetic Control of Immune Response to Pseudorabies and Atrophic Rhinitis Vaccines: I. Heterosis, General Combining Ability and Relationship to Growth and Backfat Abstract Data from 988 pigs from 119 litters farrowed in two seasons of a three-breed diallel crossbreeding experiment were analyzed to estimate general combining abilities of breeds and heterosis for humoral immune response to pseudorabies virus and atrophic rhinitis vaccines. Twenty purebred boars and 85 sows of the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds were mated to provide the nine breed-of-sire and breed-of-dam combinations. Immune response was measured after vaccination. A modified-live pseudorabies virus (PR) vaccine was administered to piglets at 28 d of age and response measured as log2 serum neutralization titers at 56 d. An inactivated B. bronchiseptica bacterin was administered at 28, 42 and 112 d. Antibody levels were measured relative to positive and negative controls at 28, 56 and 119 d by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The er sults of this study showed that ranking by breed of sire and breed of dam did not differ for general combining ability, and no evidence of significant heterosis for any immune responses was observed. Higher immune response at 56 d to B. bronchiseptica vaccine was associated with lower weaning weight (r = −.09, P<.01). Correlations of days to 100 kg with 56-d and 119-d B. bronchiseptica antibody levels were .15 (P<.01) and .12 (P<.01). The er lationship between humoral immune response to PR vaccine and growth traits was similar to that observed for B. bronchiseptica vaccine. Immune response to both antigens was not associated with backfat thickness. Further research using more specifically defined antigens and homogeneous populations of animals is needed to examine nonadditive gene action on the humoral immune response in swine. Keywords Immune Response, Heterosis, Aujeszky Virus, Rhinitis, Pigs Disciplines Agriculture | Animal Sciences | Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology | Genetics | Veterinary Medicine Comments This is an article from Journal of Animal Science 64 (1987): 407, doi:10.2134/jas1987.642407x. Posted with permission. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_pubs/318 GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PSEUDORABIES AND ATROPHIC RHINITIS VACCINES: I. HETEROSIS, GENERAL COMBINING ABILITY AND RELATION- SHIP TO GROWTH AND BACKFAT 1'2 D. L. Meeker 3 , M. F. Rothschild 4, L. L. Christian 4 C. M. Warner s and H. T. Hill 6 Iowa State University, Ames 50011 ABSTRACT Data from 988 pigs from 119 litters farrowed in two seasons of a three-breed diallel crossbreed- ing experiment were analyzed to estimate general combining abilities of breeds and heterosis for humoral immune response to pseudorabies virus and atrophic rhinitis vaccines. Twenty purebred boars and 85 sows of the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds were mated to provide the nine breed-of-sire and breed-of-dam combinations. Immune response was measured after vaccination. A modified-live pseudorabies virus (PR) vaccine was administered to piglets at 28 d of age and re- sponse measured as log 2 serum neutralization titers at 56 d. An inactivated B. bronchiseptica bac- terin was administered at 28, 42 and 112 d. Antibody levels were measured relative to positive and negative controls at 28, 56 and 119 d by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of this study showed that ranking by breed of sire and breed of dam did not differ for general combining ability, and no evidence of significant heterosis for any immune responses was observed. Higher immune response at 56 d to B. bronchiseptica vaccine was associated with lower weaning weight (r = -.09, P<.01). Correlations of days to 100 kg with 56-d and 119-d B. bronchiseptica antibody levels were .15 (P<.01) and .12 (P<.01). The relationship between humoral immune response to PR vaccine and growth traits was similar to that observed for B. bronchiseptica vaccine. Immune response to both antigens was not associated with backfat thickness. Further research using more specifically defined antigens and homogeneous populations of animals is needed to examine nonadditive gene action on the humoral immune response in swine. (Key Words: Immune Response, Heterosis, Aujeszky Virus, Rhinitis, Pigs.) I ntroduction have been reported for vaccination with sheep Selection for disease resistance in mammalian erthythrocytes (Buschman et al., 1974), hen livestock has largely been ignored by quantita- egg white lysozyme (Vaiman et al., 1978), E. tive animal breeders (Gavora and Spencer, 1983). coli vaccine (Edfors-Lilja et al., 1984, 1985), A primary component of disease resistance is Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine (Rothschild the humoral immune response (Gavora and et al., 1984a) and pseudorabies vaccine (Roths- Spencer, 1983 ; Buschmann et al., 1985; Warner child et al., 1984b). Little is known about the et al., 1987). Genetic differences in the humoral relationships among immune response traits and immune response of pigs to antigens or vaccines production traits (Rothschild, 1985; Edfors-Lilja et al., 1986). Selection for improved immune response 1 Journal Paper No. J-12292 of the Iowa Agr. and leading to increased numbers of resistant Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Ames, Projects 2594 and 2609. animals could enhance vaccination and medica- ~The partial financial support of the USDA and tion programs through synergistic interactions. the Natl. Pork Producers Council is gratefully acknowl- edged, as is the assistance of N. Schwartz. However, this selection process is complicated a Present address: Natl. Pork Producers Council, Box by the fact that many diseases depend on a 10383, Des Moines, IA 50306. cellular, as well as a humoral, component to the 4Dept. of Anim. Sci. Request for reprints should immune response. Nevertheless, a study of the be directed here. humoral immune response is at least a starting s Dept. of Biochem. and Biophys. Vet. Diagnostic Lab. point for the study of breed differences and the Received June 9, 1986. association of production traits with the Accepted September 24, 1986. immune response. 407 J. Anita. Sci. 1987.64:407-413 408 MEEKER ET AL. TABLE 1. NUMBER OF PIGS AND LITTERS BY BREED Breed Quantity Sirea Dam Pigs Litters Duroc Duroc 127 18 Duroc Landrace 114 13 Duroc Yorkshire 122 13 Landrace Duroc 132 17 Landrace Landrace 103 11 Landrace Yorkshire 88 9 Yorkshire Duroc 140 17 Yorkshire Landrace 93 11 Yorkshire Yorkshire 69 10 aNumbers of sires used were seven Duroc, seven Landrace and six Yorkshire. All sires were bred to each breed of dam. The objectives of this research were to 1) rhinitis. All sows had low B. bronchiseptica estimate general combining ability and heterosis antibody values when compared with the for antibody production in response to Borde- positive control. Sows were not immunized tella bronchiseptica and pseudorabies (Aujes- with either pseudorabies vaccine or B. bronchi- zky) virus immunization and 2) examine the septica bacterin. relationship between the humoral immune All pigs were immunized at 28 d of age with response to these vaccines and growth and pseudorabies (PR) vaccine and B. bronchiseptica backfat. bacterin via separate intramuscular shots in separate hams. Bordetella bronchiseptica bac- Experimental Procedure terin was again administered at 42 and 112 d of Sows and boars of the Duroc, Yorkshire and age. Immediately before the 28-d immunization, Landrace breeds were mated in a complete blood samples were taken from all pigs and three-breed diaUel crossbreeding design. Twenty dams, to serve as base levels. Blood samples purebred boars and 85 purebred sows were used were collected from all pigs again at 56 and 119 to produce 988 pigs from 119 litters in two d. The pigs were weaned at 42 d, simultaneous seasons (table 1). These animals were part of a with the second B. bronchiseptica immuniza- large research herd at Iowa State University's tion. Blood samples were collected with glass Bilsland Memorial Farm located near Madrid, capillary tubes from the orbital venous sinus Iowa. Introduction of semen and boars from using the technique described by Huhn et al. outside sources is considered to have made this (1969) for 28- and 56-d-old pigs. A modifica- herd representative of the population of breed- tion of the technique was used for 11g-d-old ing herds in the United States. The sows in each pigs and sows. of the three breeds represented at least six The two immunogens used were a chemi- different pedigree lines within their respective cally inactivated, adjuvanted culture of B. breed. The sows ranged from first to fifth bronchiseptica7, and a modified-live pseudo- parity, and some were used in both seasons. rabies virus vaccines. These immunogens were Sows were randomly assigned and could produce used according to the manufacturer's recom- different breed combinations each season.
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