Brazil Trip Report Pantanal & Serra dos Orgaos

21st August to 6th September 2016 (19 days)

Hyacinth Macaw by Forrest Rowland

Tour Leaders: Forrest Rowland & Joe Sebastiani Tour Participants: Rachel Cameron, Harold Davis, Katherine Graham, Barbara Graham, Bettina Heffner, Brian Henderson, Marilyn Henry, Susan Welles

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Pantanal & Chapada TOP 10 (as voted by participants) 1. 2. Hyacinth Macaw 3. Southern Screamer 4. Frilled Coquette 5. Helmeted Manakin 6. Sunbittern 7. Scarlet-headed Blackbird 8. Great Potoo 9. Jabiru 10. Cream-colored Woodpecker

Mammal Highlights – Jaguar, Giant Anteater, Giant Otter, and Tapir

Serra dos Orgaos Top 5 (as voted by participants) 1. Long-trained Nightjar 2. Blue Manakin 3. Rusty-barred Owl 4. Red-legged Seriema 5. Surucua

Mammal Highlight – Southern Muriqui

Brazil has long been thought of as a wildlife and birding mecca, though seemingly relatively distant, inaccessible, or rough. Now, it is finally getting the notoriety it deserves among wildlife enthusiasts, nature lovers, and birders as being one of the most beautiful, accommodating, and comfortable countries to visit! The variety of habitats - hosting more than 1800 (including 211 endemics), that its vast borders encompass range from lush coastal rainforests to xerophytic desert-like scrub in the North, across the vast Amazon Basin full of microhabitats, known but seemingly entirely unexplored. This incredible diversity, combined with an emerging infrastructure paying more mind to eco-tourism makes Brazil one of the planet’s most unique and rewarding destinations to explore. The two destinations we visited on this tour allowed us Jaguar by Forrest Rowland exposure to several of these habitat types in some of the most spectacular fashion – in view of stunning Bridal Veil Falls of Chapada dos Guimaraes, across the grasslands and swamps of the wildlife-laden Pantanal, and strolling through the endemic- rich Atlantic Rain Forests in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our List Totals of 513 and 27 species of (including the likes of Giant Anteater, Giant Otter, and Jaguar) reflect not only how diverse the country is, but just how rich it can be from day to day.

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The Pantanal

The Pantanal is the World’s largest wetland system. To add perspective, it covers no less than 60,000 square miles, extending from south-east South into , and east, through Brazil, to encompass the better portion of the state of , Brazil. There are but two access points into this series of swamps, open wetlands, dry forests, and grasslands. We chose to drive deep into the heart of the Pantanal via the famous Transpantaneira. Nowhere in the New World is any road more heavily-travelled by wildlife, and despite its popularity among nature enthusiasts, birders, and, perhaps especially photographers, fewer than 2500 visitors make their way down the Transpantaneira per annum. Though it provides unparalleled wildlife opportunities, this region, indeed, this very road, is left largely to the local wildlife and few human inhabitants.

Due to unexpected flight changes, we found Harpy Eagle by Forrest Rowland ourselves a day early, rather than late, in Cuiaba. We also found ourselves in the fancy Hotel Deville, with a hankering for some celebratory caipirinhas after our first afternoon’s birding together at the nearby municipal park. Despite being relatively small, the habitat in this park is outstanding, and we started the tour off with loads of great birds! Blue-crowned Trogon, Planalto Slaty-Antshrike, Rufous-browed Peppershrike, and Buff-breasted and Moustached Wrens all happened in the first few minutes of our stroll. Getting down by the creek, we picked up Rufous-tailed Jacamar, Grey-headed Tanager, Barred Antshrikes, Red-crested Finch, and White- wedged Piculets. But it was the Russet-crowned Crake pair that we had views of that might have earned us those preliminary caipirinhas! That and, of course, the anticipation of our upcoming expedition! Our first lodging, and experience with the Pantanal was at Pousada Piuval. On the very northern edge of the Pantanal, this working ranch has some special habitats, and species, not easily found elsewhere. Aside from these special birds - which include the likes of White-fronted

Giant Otter by Forrest Rowland

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Woodpecker, White-wedged Piculet and Rusty-backed and Black-bellied Antwrens - Piuval hosts nearly all of the amazing “mega” birds of the region, such as Greater Rhea, Red-legged Seriema, Jabiru, and the stunning Hyacinth Macaw, all of which we had excellent views of! We also had one of the most eventful night drives of the tour, bagging Nacunda Nighthawk, Pauraque, Spot-tailed Nightjar, and Scissor-tailed Nightjar all in the same evening! Some of the other great species we found in this mosaic of habitats included White-lored Spinetail, Rufous Casiornis, Mato Grosso Antbird, the beautiful White-rumped Monjita, Bare-faced Curassow, and the first of many run-ins with some of the more widespread wetland species, like the ornate Sunbittern, 4 species of Ibis, numerous raptors, and one of the most sought-after birds of the region – the near-endemic Chestnut-bellied Guan, of which we had numerous wonderful views feeding on the beans of the Ipe tree. Best of all, no travel was required! Crab- eating Foxes, Green-barred Woodpeckers, and so much more, right from our porches at the Pousada!!! One of the “best” birds of this portion of the tour came in the form of the inornate, though undeniably cute, White-naped Xenopsaris. Certain years prove better than others for this species that winters in the Pantanal, in varying numbers, depending on factors that are Blue Manakin by Forrest Rowland mostly unknown. A great surprise! From Piuval, at the very edge of the Pantanal, we drove directly to, literally, the road’s end. Porto Jofre, some 150 kilometres from the nearest civilisation, is the farthest one can travel into the depths of the Pantanal, and our days there were simply incredible. En route to Porto Jofre, we made a couple stops at key sites, netting 4 species of kingfishers, White-banded Mockingbird, Least Bittern, the stunning Scarlet-headed Blackbird and more Wood Storks, Jabiru, and Capybara than anyone could possibly count! But, perhaps, the most memorable morning and afternoon of the main tour was had by boat, cruising the meandering waterways of the Pixaim and its tributaries, in search of none other than the most mythical cat in New World culture, from before the Incan reign over the Andes until today, the Jaguar. Proving itself as the Jaguar Capitol of the World, we saw FIVE Jaguars in ONE day!!! Two spectacular, huge males lounged on the riverbank for stellar views, only to be outdone by the most amazing sight an lover could ever hope to see: a mother, with two cubs! Truly the experience of a lifetime to watch these gorgeous creatures from the comfort of the waterway. This was only topped off with groups of Giant Otter families fishing, Black Howlers howling, and a few new additions to the bird list! We really did have incredibly good fortune during our most anticipated stop of the tour. Making our way, slowly, towards civilisation, Cream-colored Woodpecker we returned north, up the Transpanteneira, picking by Forrest Rowland up several species of Seedeaters, Cinereous-

RBL Trip Report - Brazil Pantanal & Serra dos Orgaos 2016 5 breasted Spinetail, and Subtropical Doradito on the way to our modest accommodations at Fazenda Curicaca. Though some might describe this site as our “most basic” accommodation, it was nearly unanimous that it was the most pleasant! Homestyle meals and lovely cabins set in the forest are unique in this area, and our hosts were more than gracious. The main focus of our stop at this Fazenda was to access its forests and river, each of which offers great opportunities for unique birds. We scored two-of-three on the river specialities, getting great views, at the final hour, of Sungrebe and Green-and-Rufous Kingfisher. Agami Heron was not in evidence, so we proceeded towards our forest targets, taking a nice, meandering walk, through forests and spending plenty of time enjoying the fabulous birding on the lodge grounds. Stripe-necked Tody- Jabiru by Forrest Rowland Tyrant, Pale-crested Woodpecker, Large- billed Antwren, Straight-billed, Planalto, Buff-throated , Plain , and many other great birds put in appearances. The clear avian highlights of our time in the middle transpantaneira were, undoubtedly, the endearing White-eyed Attila that we whistled to within 8 meters, and the gorgeous male Blue-crowned Trogon that sat perfectly, posing for photos, and the expertly-spotted Great Potoo on a day roost! Of course, it’s hard to choose amongst the many species present right around the lodge itself, which also included Tropical Screech-Owl, Crimson-crested Woodpecker, Rufous-tailed Jacamar, and more Wood-rails and Curassows coming to the feeder than we’d ever expected! We left the Pantanal more than satisfied after seeing so many beautiful birds, and such a rich array of wildlife, in general. Our next destination was the luxurious Pousada do Parque, on the border of Chapada dos Guimarães National Park. Consisting of a series of high plateaus, and canyons, this fine area blends Cerrado and forest birds with an amazing surrounding scenery of red sandstone and cliffs. The Pousada offers the very best food in the region, with fine birding and wildlife on the grounds, making this a fun, and logical choice for us to end this amazing tour. Among the more interesting highlights were several Cerrado specialities including Rufous-winged Antshrike, White-rumped, Black-faced and Shrike-like (White-banded) Tanagers, Red-and-green, Blue-and-Yellow, and Blue-winged Macaws, stunningly adorned Horned Sungem (which is sporadic at best!), beautiful Coal-crested Finch, and the city’s homonymous Chapada Flycatcher (only recently discovered), and its cousin Suiriri Flycatcher. Birds of special mention were many on this final leg of the main tour. The three flashiest birds, amongst some strong contenders, were the Band-tailed and Fiery-capped Manakins, and the phenomenal, neon, Blue Finch. Perhaps taking the “most brilliant” bird of the tour, two male Helmeted Manakins were seen exceptionally well, including views of one up close for photos, sitting unobstructed! Collared Crescentchest was another great: Red-legged Seriema by Forrest Rowland playing and not seeing, playing and not seeing, playing

RBL Trip Report - Brazil Pantanal & Serra dos Orgaos 2016 6 and…”I got him” yells Joe! Up popped this stately creature to “tut” away at us from the low branches of a bush. Scope views were enjoyed by all…

Sunbittern by Forrest Rowland The “rarest” birds of the tour, also came on this leg of the trip. The first was not a complete surprise. I’d been hoping to see one of the two remaining Coquettes on my list, both of which have been recorded on very rare occasion, right here at Chapada dos Guimaraes. After enjoying lengthy views of a pair of Amazonian Motmots, I walked towards the sounds of displaying Fiery-capped Manakin when somebody shouts “What’s THAT?!” It was a male Frilled Coquette perched up in the sunlight! He stuck around for several minutes, allowing for some awesome photos for many of the participants. Award for most exciting, least-expected, and utterly jaw-dropping moment of the tour, the year, even at the top of my 15-year guiding career, came to pass at the overlook of the Geodesic centre of South America. The site is located atop a cliff looking out, hundreds of feet down, across Cuiaba and the Pantanal basin to the south. This is one of the sites for Blue Finch, which we were desperately hoping for, but missing. After some 30 minutes of hoping and not seeing this special bird, we had all but concluded that the stop was a bust (aside from the outstanding scenery) when Joe demanded, softly but firmly, “Everyone turn around right now.” We all spun to stare at the adult HARPY EAGLE that cruised, flapping twice, not 25 feet overhead, coming up from below the cliff edge at the overlook to perch 100 feet away in full view!!! The highlights of anyone’s time in South America are numerous, but the privilege of seeing this icon is undeniably moving. This was the best sighting of my 9 total lifetime encounters, by a mile! To feel the air displaced by the massive wings of the Eagle, and awe at the scarily impressive talons and sheer heft…Incredible and Indescribable!

After driving 90 minutes down the highway, across dirt fields, towards a distant point of seemingly little interest, we parked our bus atop a hill overlooking the surrounding Cerrado scrub,

RBL Trip Report - Brazil Pantanal & Serra dos Orgaos 2016 7 after having finally found Blue Finch. We came to this site in the hopes that the few remaining individuals of a continually displaced species would perch, at least briefly, before going to roost. With some patience and vigilance, we were rewarded! Four Yellow-faced Parrots magically appeared, for lengthy views, just as the sun was waning. That was it. Our experience with one of the most enigmatic Parrot species in the New World, suffering a massive decline in population due to the merciless conversion of its habitat for agriculture. Though its appearance was relatively brief, it was significant, in that we had seen one of the species most obviously affected by the exploits of man in the Cerrado of interior Brazil. Sombre, but thrilling! Thus concluded our Main Tour through the Pantanal and Chapada Dos Guimaraes, ending on a high note, indeed. We had a farewell toast or two, en lieu of the departure of some of the guests on our tour, who would not be continuing on to Itororo Lodge in the Atlantic Rainforests near Rio. It had been a pretty unbelievable tour so far, with more successes than anybody could reconcile really. How would we top this? After fond farewells and whispers of plans for the future, we broke the revelry to pack. Onwards to Rio!

Itororo Lodge

Itororo Lodge is the latest form that the efforts of Andy by Forrest Rowland Foster and his business partners have taken. The story began over a decade ago when Serra Dos Tucanos Lodge was created with the main idea of putting birders into contact with the many Atlantic forest endemics of south-eastern Brazil. With its charm, amazing location, and fabulous feeder set-up, it quickly became a hit! Unfortunately, the highway near it expanded. Traffic greatly increased. The original lodge location just wasn’t the peaceful mecca for birding that it once was. So, they moved! Itororo Lodge is located at about 1200 meters elevation, in the heart of the Atlantic subtropical forests clinging to the impressive slopes of the Serra do Orgaos. In about a year, the lodge bird list has already topped 200 species, some 30 of which come to feeders and hang around right at the lodge grounds! While a full week would allow a visiting birder ample time to visit the numerous wonderful birding sites, all quite varied, that can be accessed from this well-appointed, very cosy, eco-lodge, we only had 5 nights available to us. So we hit the highlights! Birding right around the lodge can be fabulous. Aside from the constant riot of colour provided by the Brassy-breasted, Gilt-edged, and Magpie Tanagers coming to the fruit feeders, and White-throated Hummingbirds and Brazilian Rubies at the hummer feeders, Green-backed Becard, Pallid Spinetail, Ruby-crowned Tanager, Black-tailed Marmoset by Forrest Rowland Dusky-legged Guan, and the spectacular Blonde-

RBL Trip Report - Brazil Pantanal & Serra dos Orgaos 2016 8 crested Woodpecker can all be seen from the dining hall! We spent our final morning birding the long trail behind the lodge that travels through some nice bamboo and forest. Spot-tailed Antshrike, Pin- tailed Manakin, Shear-tailed Gray-Tyrant, White-rimmed Warbler, Grey-bellied Spinetail, Rufous- tailed Antthrush, and the impressive sounds (and sight) of Bare-throated Bellbird were a few of the fine encounters. A mixed flock cruising through brought in Lesser and White- throated , Chestnut- crowned Becard, and much more. One of the most elegant birds on planet Earth put on a show for us our first night at the lodge. Just arriving from wintering grounds, a male Long-trained Nightjar spent some 15 minutes flying back and forth above our heads and around us. The experience was something more akin to seeing a Brassy-breasted Tanager by Forrest Rowland unicorn than an actual, real, creature! Due to a bad weather forecast which turned out to be bogus, our first day’s excursion to Macae do Cima was wonderfully productive! Within about 2 minutes of standing there, we had Scale- throated Hermit and world’s most responsive Tufted Antshrike right on top of us! Ochre-rumped Antbird and a family group of stunning Saffron Toucanets soon followed suit. White-shouldered Fire- eye, Greenish Schiffornis, Spix’s Spinetail, Chestnut-headed Tanager, White-barred Piculet, and one oddly cooperative (and seemingly immobile) Slaty-breasted Wood Rail put in appearances at our second stop. Our third stop was to soak up our first views of a male Surucua Trogon, which led to a mixed flock stumbling upon us, rather than the other way around. White-collared Foliage-Gleaner, Sharp-billed Treehunter, Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher, Variable Antshrike, and several others. Highlights of our time on the road came later in the afternoon. Serra do Mar Tyrant Manakin, which can be notoriously silent and unobtrusive, was displaying roadside! We even managed photos. While several mixed flocks also graced us with their presence in the afternoon, a cooperative male Slaty Bristlefront that could manage to keep himself out of the road gave us exceptionally nice looks! Our second day’s excursion away from the lodge grounds was up to the top of famed Pico de Caledonia, in search of a very scarce, but very special, species. The draw to the heights of this impressive mountain for most people is that it is the highest point in the entire Serra dog Orgaos range, and one of the three tallest peaks in the entire region! The draw for us was that, in being so tall, the upper slopes of the mountain host fine temperate forest and high-elevation grassland which, in turn, host some very special birds. We lucked into seeing two of the most desired species in all of southeastern Brazil – Itatiaia Toco Toucan by Forrest Rowland Spinetail and Grey-winged

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Cotinga. Both species are endangered, the Cotinga critically so. They inhabit but a few small parcels of extant habitat on the crests and ridges of those three aforementioned high peaks. We also managed great views of the charismatic Serra do Mar Tyrannulet, which is almost equally range-restricted. Diademed Tanager was definitely the showiest of the morning’s birds and is one of the most unique birds in the area. Rufous-capped Antshrike, Black-billed Scythebill, Rufous-tailed Antbird, and several other fine species popped up as well, despite the intermittently bad weather. In the afternoon, we stopped to hand-feed a pair of Seriemas. Yes. That’s right. Red-legged Seriemas at point blank range, one of which hopped up on a fence post 20 feet from us and sang! A wonderful surprise. Our third day’s excursion was to head down in elevation, to the Cedae Trail, into wetter forests in search of a huge number of endemic species. Quite a departure from yesterday’s adventure. The first three species we saw upon exiting the bus were Green-headed and Red-headed Tanagers, and a Ferruginous Antbird. Whoa! Not a bad start. A few feet later, we had full-on views of a pair of Star- throated Antwrens and Black-cheeked Gnateaters. Crazy! Then Black-throated Saltator and the gorgeous Spot-backed Antshrike came in. Then Spot-breasted Antvireos and Streak-capped Antwrens. Then Grey-hooded Attila and lekking Blue Manakins were seen, before a Short-tailed Antthrush sat up to sing. Then a mixed flock. Yikes! It was full-on, pretty much all morning long. A parade of great birds. The mixed flocks yielded up views of Cryptic Treehunter, Black-capped, White- eyed, and Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaners, and the increasingly-rare endemic Oustalet’s Tyrannulet, among a parade of tanagers, euphonias, honeycreepers, and more. Mantled Hawk even put in an appearance! In the afternoon, we headed to a higher elevation, at around 1100m, to the Theodoro Trail. Before long, we were enjoying views of Bertoni’s Antbirds clambering around overhead bamboo. Planalto Woodcreeper feasting on a large insect was the harbinger of a nearby mixed flock which included a few additions to previously-seen mixed flocks; birds like Streaked Xenops and Red- crowned Ant Tanager. We managed flyby views only of Blue-bellied Parrots, but fabulous looks at Sharpbill! The highlight of the afternoon, however, was not avian. While waiting hopefully for the response of Brazilian Laniisoma, I was distracted by the crashing of monkey through the forest not far away. I wandered away from the group for a view. It didn’t take long to figure out that these weren’t Capuchins we were looking at. This was a troop of critically endangered Southern Muriquis!!! Numbering fewer than 500 in the wild, this was local guide, Andy Foster’s 3rd encounter in 18 years. The troop methodically worked its way through a number of fine vantage points for us, including some photo opportunities of some adorable youngsters (one clinging to mom). A magical day overall, ended with the completely unexpected! This was a fitting end to our adventures and indicative of how the whole tour went: spectacular moment following spectacular moment.

On a personal note: Many thanks go to the wonderful participants of this tour! You were all so kind and helpful to one another, which is certainly applaudable, though it seemed effortless amongst you. Your enthusiasm, in the face of both heat and rain, was exemplary of how much fun you were to be with in the field. On behalf of the Rockjumper Team, we hope you have at least as much fun on our tours as we do!

Trip List BIRDS 513 (491 Species Seen, 22*Heard)

Tinamous Tinamidae 6 *Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius *Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens

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Rheas Rheidae 1 Greater Rhea Rhea americana

Screamers Anhimidae 1 Southern Screamer Chauna torquata

Ducks, Geese, Swans Anatidae 4 Black-bellied Whistling Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Ringed Teal Callonetta leucophrys Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis

Chachalacas, Curassows & Guans Cracidae 7 Chaco Chachalaca Ortalis canicollis Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris Chestnut-bellied Guan E,Vu Penelope ochrogaster Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura Blue-throated Piping Guan Pipile cumanensis Red-throated Piping Guan Pipile cujubi Bare-faced Curassow Crax fasciolata

New World Quail Odontophoridae 1 *Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis

Storks Ciconiidae 2 Wood Stork Mycteria americana Jabiru Jabiru mycteria

Ibises, Spoonbills Threskiornithidae 5 Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus Plumbeous Ibis Theristicus caerulescens Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja

Herons, Bitterns Ardeidae 13 Rufescent Tiger Heron Tigrisoma lineatum Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Striated Heron Butorides striata [Western] Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi [Western] Great Egret Ardea alba Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus Snowy Egret Egretta thula

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Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea

Cormorants, Shags Phalacrocoracidae 1 Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus

Anhingas, Darters Anhingidae 1 Anhinga Anhinga anhinga

New World Vultures Cathartidae 5 Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus Black Vulture Coragyps atratus King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa

Kites, Hawks & Eagles Accipitridae 20 White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon Rufous-thighed Hawk Accipiter erythronemius Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens Great Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Mantled Hawk – E, Vu Pseudaster polionotus White-tailed Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Grey-lined Hawk Buteo nitidus Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus

Seriemas Cariamidae 1 Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata

Sunbittern Eurypygidae 1 Sunbittern Eurypyga helias

Subgrebe Heliornithidae 1 Sungrebe Heliornis fulica

Rails, Crakes & Coots Rallidae 7 Russet-crowned Crake Laterallus viridis *Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius

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Rufous-cowled Wood Rail Aramides cajaneus Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides saracura *Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans Purple Gallinule Porphyrio nigricans

Limpkin Aramidae 1 Limpkin Aramus guarauna

Stilts, Avocets Recurvirostridae 1 [White-backed] (Black-necked) Stilt Himantopus (mexicanus) melanurus

Plovers Charadriidae 3 Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Pied Plover (Lapwing) Hoploxypterus (Vanellus) cayanus Collared Plover Charadrius collaris

Jacanas Jacanidae 1 Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Sandpipers, Snipes Scolopacidae 4 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaries Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes

Terns, Skimmers Laridae 4 Yellow-billed Tern Sternula superciliaris South American Tern Sterna hirundinacea Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Black Skimmer Rynchops niger

Pigeons, Doves Columbidae 12 Common (Rock) Pigeon Columba livia Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Scaled Dove Columbina squammata Plain-breasted Ground Dove Columbina minuta Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti Picui Ground Dove Columbina picui White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla

Cuckoos Cuculidae 7 Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

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Greater Ani Crotophaga major Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia *Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus Little Cuckoo Coccycua minuta Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Owls Strigidae 6 Tropical Screech Owl Megascops choliba Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Black-banded Owl Strix huhula Rusty-barred Owl Strix hylophila Ferruginous Pygmy Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia

Potoos Nyctibiidae 1 Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis

Nightjars Caprimulgidae 9 Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus Band-tailed Nighthawk Nyctiprogne leucopyga Nacunda Nighthawk Chordeiles nacunda Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Little Nightjar Setopagis parvulus Spot-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis maculicaudus Scissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata Long-trained Nightjar Macropsalis forcipata

Swifts Apodidae 6 Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex White-collared Swift Streptococne zonaris Biscutate Swift Streptococne biscutata Sick’s Swift Chaetura meridionalis Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Neotropical Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata

Hummingbirds Trochilidae 24 Saw-billed Hermit – E, NT Ramphodon nevius Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei Buff-bellied Hermit – NE Phaethornis subochraceus Cinnamon-throated Hermit - NE Phaethornis nattereri Sombre Hummingbird – E Aphantochroa cirrochloris Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Green-crowned Plovercrest – E Stephanoxis lalandi Frilled Coquette Lophornis magnificus Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris

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Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis Gilded Sapphire Hylocharis chrysura White-tailed Goldenthroat Polytmus guainumbi Versicoloured Emerald Amazilia versicolor Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata Sapphire-spangled Emerald Amazilia lactea Brazilian Ruby – E Clytolaema rubricauda Horned Sungem Heliactin bilophus Blue-tufted Starthroat Heliomaster furcifer Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina

Trogons Trogonidae 3 Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura *Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus

Kingfishers Alcedinidae 5 Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana

Motmots Momotidae 2 Amazonian Motmot Momotus momota *Rufous-capped Motmot Barypthengus ruficapillus

Jacamars Galbulidae 2 Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Three-toed Jacamar – E, Vu Jacamaralcyon tridactyla

Puffbirds Bucconidae 4 White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru Crescent-chested Puffbird – E, NT Malacoptila striata Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons Swallow-wing[ed Puffbird] Chelidoptera tenebrosa

Toucans Ramphastidae 6 Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis Saffron Toucanet - NT Pteroglossus bailloni Spot-billed Toucanet Selenidera maculirostris Channel-billed Toucan - Vu Ramphastos vitellinus Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco

Woodpeckers Picidae 16 White-wedged Piculet Picumnus albosquamatus

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White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons White-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes cactorum Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Yellow-eared Woodpecker - E Veniliornis maculifrons Yellow-browed Woodpecker - NT Piculus aurulentus Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Pale-crested Woodpecker Celeus lugubris Blonde-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens Cream-colored Woodpecker Celeus flavus Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos

Caracaras, Falcons Falconidae 8 Southern Crested Caracara Caracara plancus Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Barred Forest Falcon Micrastur ruficollis American Kestrel Falco sparverius Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis

Parrots Psittacidae 20 Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus Blue-winged Macaw – NE, NT Primolius maracana Golden(Yellow)-collared Macaw Primolius auricollis Red-shouldered Macaw Diopsittaca nobilis White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea Nanday Parakeet Nandaya nanday Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Plain Parakeet – E Brotogeris tirica Yellow-faced Parrot Alipiopsitta xanthops Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani Orange-winged Amazon Amazona amazonica Turquoise (Blue)-fronted Amazon Amazona aestiva Blue-bellied Parrot – E, NT Triclaria malachitacea

Ovenbirds Furnariidae 43 Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus

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Band-tailed Hornero – E Furnarius figulus Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Itatiaia Spinetail – E, En Asthenes moreirae Chotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophilus Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla Gray-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis *Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens Spix’s Spinetail Synallaxis spixi Cinereous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia White-lored Spinetail Synallaxis albilora Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina Pallid Spinetail - E Cranioleuca pallida Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Rufous-fronted Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Greater Thornbird Phacellodomus ruber Orange-eyed Thornbird – E Phacellodomus erythropthalmus Grey-crested(Rufous) Cacholote Pseudoseisura unirufa Firewood-Gatherer Anumbius annumbi White-browed Foliage-gleaner – NT Anabacerthia amaurotis Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufum Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapilla White-collared Foliage-gleaner – E Anabazenops fuscus Pale-browed Treehunter – E Cichlocolaptes leucophrus White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor *Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Plain-winged Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus White-throated Woodcreeper albicollis Great Rufous Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus Southern Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Scaled Woodcreeper - E Lepidocolaptes squamatus Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius

Antbirds Thamnophilidae 29 Spot-backed Antshrike Hypodaelus guttatus *Giant Antshrike Batara cinerea Tufted Antshrike Makenziana severa Large-tailed Antshrike Makenziana leachii Great Antshrike Taraba major *White-bearded Antshrike -Vu Biatas nigropectus

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Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus Planalto Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus Rufous-capped Antshrike Thamnophilus ruficapillus Spot-breasted Antvireo – E, NT Dysithamnus stictothorax Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Rufous-backed Antvireo – E Dysithamnus xanthopterus Star-throated Antwren - E Rhopias gularis Large-billed Antwren Herpsilochmus longirostris Serra Antwren – E Formicivora serrana Black-bellied Antwren Formicivora melanogaster Rusty-backed Antwren Formicivora rufa Ferruginous Antbird - E Drymophila ferruginea Bertoni’s Antbird Drymophila rubricollis Rufous-tailed Antbird – E, NT Drymophila genei Ochre-rumped Antbird – E, NT Drymophila ochropyga Dusky-tailed Antbird Drymophila malura Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata Mato Grosso Antbird Cercomacra melanaria White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda

Antthrushes 4 Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma Short-tailed Antthrush campaniisoma Cryptic Antthrush – E Chamaeza meruloides Rufous-tailed Antthrush Chamaeze ruficauda

Antpittas Grallaridae 1 *Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia

Gnateaters Conopophagidae 2 Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata Black-cheeked Gnateater - E Conopophaga melanops

Crescentchests Melanopareiidae 1 Collared Crescentchest Melanopareia torquata

Tapaculos & relatives Rhinocryptidae 3 Spotted Bamboowren – NT Psilorhamphus guttatus Slaty Bristlefront – E, NT Merulaxis ater *Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae

Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae 74 Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomias fasciatus Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomias burmeisteri Grey-capped Tyrannulet – E, NT Phyllomyias griseocapilla

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Forest Elaenia gaimardii Grey Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri Chapada Flycatcher Suiriri islerorum White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata Yellow Tyrannulet Campsiempis flaveola Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina Subtropical Doradito Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis Southern Antpipit Corythopis delelandi Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis Oustalet’s Tyrannulet – E, NT Phylloscartes oustaleti Serra do Mar Tyrannulet – E, NT Phylloscartes difficilis Grey-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes rufiventris Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Southern Scrub Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus Plain Inezia (Tyrannulet) Inezia inornata Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus *Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant Hemitriccus diops Hangnest Tody-Tyrant – E Hemitriccus griseipectus Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus striaticollis Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Eared Pygmy Tyrant Myiornis auricularis Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus latirostris Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher - E Todirostrum poliocephalum Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Yellow-olive Flatbill Tolmomyias sulphurescens Ochre-lored Flatbill Tolmomyias viridiceps *White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus Blue-billed Black Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris Crested Black Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes Velvety Black Tyrant - E Knipolegus nigerrimus Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant Muscipipra vetula Masked Water Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

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Black-backed Water Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor (Pitangus) lictor Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberifera Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsonii Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Grey-hooded Attila - E Attila rufus White-eyed (Dull-capped) Attila Attila bolivianus

Cotingas Cotingidae 4 *Hooded Berryeater – E, NT Capornis cucullata Bare-throated Bellbird – Vu Procnis nudicollis Black-and-Gold Cotinga – E, NT Tijuca atra Grey-winged Cotinga – E, En Tijuca condita

Manakins Pipridae 7 Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma pallescens Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin - E Neopelma chrysolophum Pin-tailed Manakin – E Iliaca militaris Fiery-capped Manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata Blue (Swallow-tailed) Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda

Tityras, Becards Tityridae 8 Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus Whiskered Myiobius Myiobius barbaratus Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens White-naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus

Vireos, Greenlets Vireonidae 5 Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

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Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis Ashy-headed Greenlet Hylophilus pectoralis Gray-eyed Greenlet Hylophilus amaurocephalus

Crows, Jays Corvidae 2 Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus

Swallows, Martins Hirundinidae 7 White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon (Pyg.) cyanoleuca Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata

Black-capped Donacobius Donacobiidae 1 Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla

Wrens Troglodytidae 5 Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis Buff-breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotus Fawn-breasted Wren Cantorchilus guarayanus (Southern) House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Gnatcatchers Polioptilidae 1 Masked Gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola

Mockingbirds, Thrashers Mimidae 2 Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus White-banded Mockingbird Mimus triurus

Thrushes Turdidae 5 Yellow-legged Thrush Turdus flavipes Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus *White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis

Old World Sparrows Passeridae 1 House Sparrow Passer domesticus

Wagtails, Pipits Motacillidae 1 Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens

Finches Fringillidae 5 Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanicus

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*Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster *Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis

New World Warblers Parulidae 7 Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus White-bellied Warbler Basileuterus hypoleucus White-rimmed Warbler Myiothlypis leucoblephanus Flavescent Warbler Myiothlypis flaveolus

Oropendolas, Orioles & Blackbirds Icteridae 14 Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Solitary Cacique Cacicus solitarius Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconotus Variable Oriole Icterus variabilis Screaming Cowbird Molothrus rufoaxillaris Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus Unicoloured Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus Greyish Baywing Agelaioides badius Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus

Bananaquit Coerebidae 1 Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

New World Sparrows & Allies Emberizidae 6 Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis *Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus Half-collared Sparrow – E Arremon semitorquatus Blue Finch - NT Porphyrospiza caerulescens

Tanagers and Allies Thraupidae 46 Red-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata Yellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhcoma ruficeps White-rumped Tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea

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Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops Grey-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Azure-shouldered Tanager – E, NT Thraupis cyanoptera Golden-chevroned Tanager – E Thraupis ornata Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Diademed Tanager Stephanophrus diadematus Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Shrike-like (White-banded) Tanager - NT Neothraupis fasciata Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala Brassy-breasted Tanager – E Tangara desmaresti Gilt-edged Tanager – E Tangara cyanoventris Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira Rufous-headed Tanager - E Hemithraupis ruficapilla Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum Coal-crested Finch - NT Charitospiza eucosma Red(-crested) [Pileated] Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus Uniform Finch Haplospiza unicolor Bay-chested Warbling Finch - E Poospize thoracica Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Wedge-tailed Grass Finch Emberizoides herbicola Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Plumbeous Seedeater Sporophila plumbea Rusty-collared Seedeater Sporophila collaris Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporphila hypoxantha Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch Oryzoborus angolensis

Grosbeaks, Saltators & Allies Cardinalidae 6 Red-crowned Ant Tanager Habia rubica Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis Thick-billed Saltator Saltator maxillosus Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis *Ultramarine Grosbeak Cyanocompsa brissonii

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Mammals (27 species)

Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Lesser Bulldog Bat Noctilio albiventris Greater Bulldog Bat Noctilio lepornis Long-nosed Bat Rhynchonycteris naso Sac-winged Bat, sp. Saccopteryx, sp. Black-tailed Marmoset Mico melanura Black-and-Gold Howler Alouatta caraya Brown (Tufted) Capuchin Cebus apella Southern Muriqui – E, Cr Brachyteles marginatus Tapeti (Brazilian Rabbit) Sylvilagus brasiliensis Guianan (Brazilian) Squirrel Sciurus aestuarans Yellow-toothed Cavy Galea flavidens Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Azara's Agouti Dasyprocta azarae Brazilian Coendou prehensilis Jaguar Panthera onca Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous Neotropical River Otter Lontra longicaudis Giant Otter Pteronura brasiliensis South American Coati Nasua nasua Lowland Tapir Tapir terestris Feral Hog Sus domestica Collared Peccary Pecari tajacu Marsh Deer - Vu Blastocerus dichotomus Red Brocket Deer Mazama americana Grey Brocket Deer Mazama gouazoubira

Rockjumper Birding Ltd Labourdonnais Village Mapou Mauritius Tel (USA & Canada) toll free: 1-888-990-5552 Email: [email protected] Alternative email: [email protected] Website: www.rockjumperbirding.com