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Charismatic Communication and Faith Healers: a Critical Study of Rhetorical Behavior

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Charismatic Communication and Faith Healers: a Critical Study of Rhetorical Behavior Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1980 Charismatic Communication and Faith Healers: a Critical Study of Rhetorical Behavior. Todd Vernon Lewis Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lewis, Todd Vernon, "Charismatic Communication and Faith Healers: a Critical Study of Rhetorical Behavior." (1980). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3527. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3527 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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A N \ ARBOR, Ml -3:06 13 BEDFORD ROW, l OMDOM WCIR JEJ E \G L A \D Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8 1 0 3 6 3 9 LEWIS, TODD VERNON CHARISMATIC COMMUNICATION AND FAITH HEALERS: A CRITICAL STUDY OF RHETORICAL BEHAVIOR The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col. PH.D. 1980 University Microfilms Intern&tionel 300X.ZeebRmd.AnnAAor.MI48106 Copyright isso by LEWIS, TODD VERNON All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHARISMATIC COMMUNICATION AND FAITH HEALERS: A CRITICAL STUDY OF RHETORICAL BEHAVIOR A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech by Todd Vernon Lewis B.A., Biola College, 1972 M.A., The Ohio State University, 1974 August 1980 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to thank Dr. Harold Mixon for advisory assistance during the preparation of this disser­ tation. Special appreciation is expressed to Dr. Waldo Braden for his assistance as an interim advisor and dissertation critic. Crateful appreciation is also offered to the other members of the doctoral committee who also gave important advice anc assistance: Dr. Perry Howard, I-r. J. Donald Ragsdale, and Dr. Clinton Bradford. The writer also wishes to express his thankfulness to three grade school teachers who encouraged him to pursue cpeecn communication as a worthy field of study: Jean Raun, Eleanor Jackson, and Dixie Bradshaw. Without their initial encouragement, the desire to pursue graduate work and a teaching career in speech communications would not have occurred. 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................ Ü ABSTRACT .............................................. X Chapter I. CHARISMATIC COMMUNICATION AND FAITH HEALERS; AN INTRODUCTION TO THE S T U D Y ........... 1 Statement of the P r o b l e m ................ 5 Contributory Studies ....................... 9 Methodology and Breakdown of the Study . 14 Type of Data and Method of Analysis..... 16 _ Significance and Justification of the S t u d y .......................... 18 II. A REVIEW AND SELECTED SURVEY OF THEORIES AND CONSTRUCTS OF C H A R I S M A .............. 23 Max Weber: Charisma— "The Gift of Grace" . 25 Thomas E. Dow: Echoes of Weber's Theory of C h a r i s m a .................... 28 Arthur Schweitzer: Re-Evaluating Weber's Theory of Charisma .............. 29 Guenther Roth: The "Charismatic Community" and "Charisma of R e a s o n " .............. 32 Edward Shils: "Institutionalized Charisma".............................. 33 William H. Friedland: Charisma in Social Context ...................... 34 Martin E. Spencer: The Charismatic Interaction of Person and Situation.... 36 Robert C. Tucker: The Operationalized Theory of Charismatic Leadership ........ 39 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. George P. Boss: Essential Attributes of Charisma............................... 42 Richard J. Bord: Charismatic Social Influence as Attribution Process ........ 4 5 Ralph P. Hummel: The Psychology of Charismatic Followers ................. 50 Irvine Schiffer: Psychoanalytic Ingredients of C h a risma................... 52 Conclusions and Assessments ................. 55 III. AN EXPLICATION OF A CHARISMATIC-COMMUNICATION- INFLUENCE-PROCESS-MODEL ..................... 60 Charismatic-Communication-Influence- Process: A Description ................... 64 Message Elements ......................... 67 1. The "Revolutionary" Message ........ 67 2. Simplistic Message ................ 68 3. "Figures of Presence" in the M e s s a g e ............................. 6 9 4. Focus on Collective Identity .... 72 5. Polarized Aggression in the M e s s a g e ............................. 7 3 Personality Elements ..................... 75 1. High Status ......................... 76 2. "Stranger" Qualities .............. 76 3. Conquerable Imperfection .......... 7 7 4. "Special Calling" ................... 78 5. Sexual M y s t i q u e ..................... 79 6. Dramatic Acting Qualities .......... 79 7. Innovative Lifestyle and Approach . 80 8. "Miracle-Worker" 81 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 9. Symbolizer/Myth-Maker............... 82 Delivery Elements 8 3 1. Vocal Force ......................... 84 2. Rapid Responses/Short Pauses/ R e p e t i t i o n ......................... 84 3. Non-Verbal Qualities ............... 85 Model Transformational Analysis ............ 88 H e u r i s t i c s ............................... 90 Isomorphics............................... 90 Correspondence ........................... 91 S u m m a r y ...................................... 92 Figure I ................................... 94 IV. SITUATIONAL CRISES CHARACTERISTICS AND THE CHARISMATIC COMMUNICATION INFLUENCE PROCESS ...................................... 95 Macro-Cosmic Analyses of Social Crises: Historical Demographics ................... 96 Micro-Cosmic Analyses of Social Crises: Specific Audience Characteristics ........ 114 C o n c l u s i o n .................................... 122 V. APPLICATION OF A CHARISMATIC COMMUNICATION MODEL TO AIMEE SEMPLE MC PHERSON (1890-1944)................................. 126 Biographical Background ..................... 128 Charismatic Variables in the "Message" . 130 1. The "Revolutionary" Message ........... 130 2. Simplistic Message ................... 132 3. "Figures of Presence" in the M e s s a g e ..................................134 4. Focus on Collective Identity in the M e s s a g e ......................... 136 V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 5. Polarized Aggression in the M e s s a g e .................................. 137 Charismatic Variables in the "Personality".................. 139 1. High Status ............................. 133 2. "Stranger" Qualities ................. 141 3. Conquerable Imperfection ............ 141 4. "Special Calling" ..................... 142 5. Sexual Mystique ......................... 145 6. Dramatic Acting Qualities ............ 147 7. Innovative Lifestyle and Approach . 149 8. "Miracle-Worker" ..................... 151 9. Symbolizer/Myth-Maker ................ 152 Charismatic
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