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Problemi Nella Delimitazione Delle Specie in Botanico Di Roma, I Gruppi Per La Biosistema- Campanula L

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Problemi Nella Delimitazione Delle Specie in Botanico Di Roma, I Gruppi Per La Biosistema- Campanula L SOCIETÀ BOTANICA ITALIANA GRUPPO PER LA BIOSISTEMATICA VEGETALE GRUPPO PER LA FLORISTICA RIUNIONE SCIENTIFICA SU APPROCCI FLORISTICI E BIOSISTEMATICI NELLA VALUTAZIONE DELLA CRITICITÀ TASSONOMICA Roma 6-7 novembre 2003 INFORMATORE BOTANICO ITALIANO, 36 (2) 451-452, 2004 451 Atti “Approcci floristici e biosistematici nella valutazione della criticità tassonomica” INTRODUZIONE AI LAVORI Nei giorni 6 e 7 novembre 2003, presso L’Orto Problemi nella delimitazione delle specie in Botanico di Roma, i Gruppi per la Biosistema- Campanula L. subsect. Heterophylla (Wit.) tica Vegetale e per la Floristica si sono riuniti Fedorov. congiuntamente per sviluppare il tema comune *BIGAZZI M., SELVI F., PAPINI A., Congruenze e su “Approcci floristici e biosistematici nella valuta- incongruenze fra aspetti morfologici e mole- zione della criticità tassonomica”. Hanno parteci- colari nella sistematica di Anchusa s.l. pato i seguenti 67 iscritti provenienti da 19 sedi (Boraginaceae). universitarie: Abbate G., Angiolini C., Anzalone BRULLO S., CAMPO G., COLOMBO P., SALMERI B., Assini S., Bacchetta G., Barberis G., C., VENORA G., Morfologia, cariologia e ana- Bernardi L., Barni E., Bartolo G., Bartolucci F., tomia fogliare nel genere Dittrichia Greuter Bigazzi M., Bonacquisti S., Brullo S., Bruschi P., (Asteraceae). Camarda I., Camoletto R., Colasante M., *BRULLO S., CAMPO G., ROMANO S., Indagini Collalti A., Conte L., Conti F., Cozzolino S., citotassonomiche sul genere Hieracium L. Cutini M., D’Emerico S., De Mattei R., Fascetti (Asteraceae) in Sicilia. S., Fineschi S., Foggi B., Fortini P., Frignani F., *BRULLO S., SALMERI C., VENORA G., Consi- Galloni M., Garbari F., Gargano D., Giangreco derazioni tassonomiche e cariologiche sulle L., Gigli D., Giovi E., Gobbo G., Gregori M., popolazioni siciliane di Sternbergia colchiciflo- Iberite M., Lapenna M.R., Lattanzi E., Lavezzo ra Waldst. & Kit. (Amaryllidaceae). P., Lucchese F., Minutillo F., Musacchio A., *BRUSCHI P., GROSSONI P., Variabilità morfolo- Pavesi A., Pavone P., Peccenini S., Pellegrino G., gica e molecolare in Quercus pubescens Willd. Peruzzi L., Podda L., Rosati L., Salmeri C., dell’Italia centro-meridionale. Salvini D., Santangelo A., Scarici E., Scoppola *COLASANTE M., Approcci biosistematici nella A., Scrugli A., Selvi F., Signorini M.A., Terzo V., valutazione della criticità tassonomica degli Tinti D., Tondi G., Tornadore N., Trombini E., ibridi naturali di Iris L. (Iridaceae). Urbani M., Venora G., Viegi L. DE MATTEI R., BARBERIS G., PECCENINI S., I Coordinatori dei due Gruppi ringraziano, Variabilità morfologica e fenologica in due anche a nome dei Soci, il direttore prof. G. specie di Centaurium (Gentianaceae). Avena e il personale dell’Orto Botanico, nonché FASCETTI S., Indagini preliminari sul genere il dott. M. Iberite e il personale dell’Erbario della Quercus in Basilicata. Tuscia per aver curato l’organizzazione e per la FOGGI B., SIGNORINI M.A., Nuovi chiarimenti cordiale accoglienza e il prof M. Bigazzi che ha sistematici e nomenclaturali su entità critiche curato la preparazione di questi Atti. Come da del gen. Festuca: chi sono veramente F. vizza- programma sono state esposte le seguenti comu- vonae, F. alfrediana (= F. alpina ssp. briquetii), nicazioni (con * quelle di Biosistematica vegeta- F. cyrnea. le): *GALLONI M., PODDA L., CRISTOFOLINI G., La biologia dell’impollinazione per lo studio ANZALONE B., LATTANZI E., Osservazioni sulla della struttura biologica di popolazioni natu- distribuzione in Italia di Luzula sylvatica rali. (Hudson) Gaudin, L. sieberi Tausch, L. sicula IBERITE M., Le salicornie: metodologie di inda- Parlatore e loro criticità. gine e problematiche tassonomiche. BARTOLO G., BRULLO S., GIANGUZZI L., Note PECCENINI S., Indagini biosistematiche su tassonomiche su Tillea alata Viv. (Crassula- Coronilla valentina L. s.l. (Leguminosae). ceae), nuova per la flora italiana. *PELLEGRINO G., NOCE M.E., PALERMO A.M., *BARTOLO G., D’EMERICO S., PULVIRENTI S., MUSACCHIO A., Indagini biosistematiche su TERRASI C., STUTO S., Studio citotassonomi- entità critiche italiane del genere Serapias co su Epipactis aspromontana (Orchidaceae) (Orchidaceae). mediante tecnica Feulgen e metodiche di *PERUZZI L., TISON J.M., Verso una revisione bandeggio con Giemsa. biosistematica del genere Gagea Salisb. BERNARDO L., GARGANO D., PERUZZI L., (Liliaceae) in Italia. Un nuovo tipo di approc- 452 INFORMATORE BOTANICO ITALIANO, 36 (2) 451-452, 2004 cio. hanno interessato le Orchidaceae). SALVINI D., FINESCHI S., PASTORELLI R., VEN- I contributi di floristica hanno fornito soprattut- DRAMIN G.G., Variabilità del DNA cloropla- to chiarimenti sistematici e nomenclaturali su stico e filogeografia del genere Rubus in alcune entità o gruppi critici della flora italiana Europa. quali ad esempio Luzula sylvatica, Dittrichia, *SCRUGLI A., MUSACCHIO A., D’EMERICO S., Quercus, Campanula subsect. Heterophylla, le PELLEGRINO G., COZZOLINO S., Orchis xpen- salicornie ed alcune entità particolarmente criti- zigiana, dal fiore al DNA al fiore. Approccio che del gen. Festuca quali F. alfrediana, F. vizza- morfologico, cariologico e molecolare ad un vonae, F. cyrnea il cui studio si è avvalso anche di inusuale caso di ibridazione naturale. nuove metodologie di indagine. Come da pro- URBANI M., Considerazioni su criticità tassono- gramma, ad ogni relazione ha fatto seguito una mica: alcuni esempi. discussione di cinque minuti seguita, alla fine di tutte le comunicazioni, da una più ampia e cir- I contributi biosistematici presentati, a prevalen- costanziata serie di interventi a cui ha partecipa- te carattere metodologico, hanno riguardato to la maggior parte dei convenuti. Ampio è stato questioni generali e di dettaglio, su specie o gruppi sistematici critici della flora italiana per la il dibattito sui temi che hanno interessato i gran- cui determinazione si è cercato di trovare solu- di taxa quali: Boraginaceae, Salicornia, Festuca, zioni o conferme attraverso indagini che utiliz- Quercus, Iris, Campanula, ecc. zano metodologie progressivamente sempre più I testi riportati di seguito corrispondono a lavo- approfondite, come ad esempio le analisi morfo- ri in extenso, o ai riassunti, più o meno ampi, di logiche, cariologiche, fino a quelle molecolari. note già pubblicate o in via di pubblicazione ine- Lo scopo era anche quello di mettere al corrente renti buona parte degli argomenti trattati. In tal i floristi che lavorano prevalentemente in campo modo si è voluto lasciare comunque una traccia e in erbario sui mezzi e i metodi biosistematici in su tutte le problematiche affrontate l’autunno uso per la risoluzione di determinati problemi scorso a Roma nello scenario sempre suggestivo inerenti il nostro patrimonio floristico e su quali e stimolante dell’Orto Botanico. sono i principali gruppi di ricerca in questo set- tore. Nella prima sessione sono state presentate Cagliari, 6 settembre 2004 comunicazioni inerenti tematiche di taxa per lo più afferenti alle monocotiledoni (tre di esse [a cura di A. SCRUGLI e A. SCOPPOLA] INFORMATORE BOTANICO ITALIANO, 36 (2) 453-457, 2004 453 Atti “Approcci floristici e biosistematici nella valutazione della criticità tassonomica” Orchis penzigiana, dal fiore al DNA al fiore. Approccio morfologico, x cariologico e molecolare ad un inusuale caso di ibridazione naturale A. SCRUGLI, A. MUSACCHIO, S. D’EMERICO, G. PELLEGRINO e S. COZZOLINO ABSTRACT - Orchis xpenzigiana, from flower to DNA to flower. Morphological, karyological and molecular approach of an unusual case of natural hybridisation - A large population of the rare hybrid Orchis xpenzigiana nothosubsp. sardoa, sympa- tric with its putative parental species (O. mascula subsp. ichnusae and O. provincialis), was found during a field investiga- tion in Sardinia. This finding leads us to carry out a karyomorphological and molecular investigation in order to: 1) elu- cidate cytogenetic relationships between hybrid and its parental species; 2) ascertain the hybrid origin of morphologically intermediate specimens; 3) characterise the gene flow occurring between parental species. This morphological, karyologi- cal and molecular combined approach has enabled us to demonstrate the actual hybrid status of Orchis xpenzigiana notho- subsp. sardoa and to confirm the exact identification of its parental species. Our results have pointed out an unusual fre- quency of hybridization between Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae and O. provincialis, which imply a weak isolation between these two taxa in Sardinia. In contrast, out of the island the other subspecies of O. mascula rarely hybridise with O. pro- vincialis suggesting a strong post-mating barrier between them. Key words: heterochromatin banding, karyotype structures, Orchidaceae, Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae, Orchis xpenzigia- na nothosubsp. sardoa, rDNA ITS INTRODUZIONE Il complesso di Orchis mascula è uno tra i numerosi taxa che costituiscono oggetto di divergenze di valu- tazione tassonomica tra gli specialisti. Secondo la descrizione fatta da CORRIAS (1982) l’entità presente in Sardegna (Fig. 1) è da considerare una sottospecie endemica [(Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. ichnusae Corrias)] esclusiva di questa regione, differenziatasi dalla specie O. mascula (L.) L. con areale Euromedi- terraneo-Atlantico (Fig. 2). La presenza della specie sarda è limitata alle sole zone montuose calcaree del settore centro-orientale e sud- occidentale in habitat di macchie e di garighe, su suoli ciottolosi calcarei a quote comprese tra 200- 1200 m (Fig. 3). Essa si differenzia da quella
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