AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MADRAS GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.

IN INDIA. A. c; BARRAUD. & Co. (Late A. l· ·coMBRIDGE & Co.), Madras. R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcut"ta. E. M. GoPALAXRISHHA KoNB, Pudumantapam, Madura. HIGGINBOTHAMS (Ltd.), Mount Road, Madras. V. KALYANARAMA lYER & Co., Esplanade, Madras. G. C. LOGANATHAM BROTHERS, Madras. S. MURTHY & Co., Madras. G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras. Jhe Superintendent, NAZAIR Kt.uuu HIND PRESS, Aliababad• .1'_• R. RAMA IYAR & Co., Madras. D. B. TARAPOREVALA Sons & Co., Bombay. THACKER & Co. (Ltd.), Bombay, THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta. S. V.as & Co., M;adras.

IN ENGLAND. B. H. BLACKWBLL, so and sr, Broad Street, Oxford. CoNSTABLE & Co., ro, Orange Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C. DEIGHTON, BELL & Co. (Ltd.), Cambridge. • T. FISHER UNWIN (Ltd.), r, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C. • OiiiNDLAY & Co., 54. Parliamen\ Street, London, S.W. KEGAN PAuL, TRENCH, Tau&NER & Co. (Ltd.), 68~4, Carter Lane, London, E.C. and as, Museum Street, London, W.C.

HENRYS. KING & Co. 1 6s, Cornhill, London, E.C. P. S. KING & Sou, 2 and 4o Great Smith Street, Westminster, London, S.W. LUZAC & Co., 46, Great RuS&ell Street, London, W.C. B. QuARITCH, n, Gr'\fton Street, New Bond Street, London, W. W. THACKER & Co., o, Creed Lane, London, E.C.

ON THE CONTINENT. EaNBIT Laaoux, oB, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.

1\l.a.aTI•u• NIJ1IOPP0 The Hape, Holland. MA P D DAPA~ "'~IST RI CT 0 0 cu 1916

Sca le of M•lu ,,

REFERENCE

District h"ad- Q uartors D ivision do.

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CUDDAPAH

VOLUME I MAbRAS DISTRiCT GAZETTEERS

CUD.DAPAH

BY C. F. BRACKENBURY INDIAN CIVIL SEJ.VICE

MAI>kAS PREFACE.

A " Manual " of the Cuddapah district, as then consti­ tuted, was compiled by the late Mr. J. D. B. Gribble, I.C.S., in 1875· The present gazetteer is prep3;red on different · lines, and exigencies of form and matter have necessitated the omission of much that is still of interest in the old manual, which has thus not been revised so much as partially replaced. Statistics are under the present system relegated as far as possible to a separate volume of Appendices, which it is proposed to revise decennially, after every census. Where so many have assisted me in the collection of material for this book it would be invidious to name a few. My thanks are due to them all, officials and others, for their prompt replies to my demands for information of all kinds, . . without which I could never have completed the work while engaged in the resettlement of another distri~t.

SETTLEMENT OFFICE, CHITTOOR, · C. F. BRACKENBURY. October I, I9I 4· PLAN OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER. PAGB I. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 1__;..23 II. POLITICAL HISTORY 24-51 III. THE PEOPLE 52-71 IV, AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION 72-91 V, FORESTS 92-107 Vl. OccuPATION AND TRADE .... I08-II7 VII. MEANS oF CoMMUNICATION n8-u4 VIII. RAINFALL AND SEASONS I25-I38

IX. PUBLIC HEALTH ••• 139-142 X. EDUCATION 143-145 XI. LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION 146~160 XII. SALT, ABKARl AND MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE ••• 161-165 XIII. ADMINISTRATION o:r JusTICE 166-173 XIV. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT 174-176 XV. GAZETTEER- • ... 177-247 Cuddapah taluk , ... 177 Jammalamadugu taluk 187 Proddatiir taluk' ... 196 Kamaliipuram taluk 204 Pulivendla taluk 208 RiiyachOti taluk ... 217 Badvel taluk 225 Sidbout taluk 234 Pullampet taluk ... 240 ... ,.. ... '19 INDEX

Anthrams, 65. . Arinamma, temple of, 224. Abbavaram, 219. Arrack, 163. Abdul Alam Khan, 44, 235. Arts and industries, textile, xo8. Abdul Nabhi Khan, 40, 41, 42, 193. Ashbeds, II, I2. Abdul Syed Khan, 189. Asoka, 26. Abkari, 163. Asophs, 45· Accidents on railways, 123. Athirala, 34· Achyuta, 36, 186. Atlantia monopll'ylia, 99· Adina cordifolia, 99· Aurangzebe, 38, I48. Adinimmayapalle, 184. ~venues, I2o. Aditya, r, 30. Avula parupu or cow worship, 214, Administration of justice, 166. 238. - . Adoni, 46, 148, Ayodhya or Oudh, 26. Agudiir, 22. · Agxiculture, 108; and irrigation, 72, B Agriculturists, economic condition of, 87. · Babool tree, 3, 20, Ioo. Agudur, 22, Baday Miah, 42. Akkadevatula Konda, 225. Badvel, 30, 38 ; construction of its Akkisettipalle tank, 87. tank, 8x ; fuel working circle, Albizzia amara, 99 ; odoratissima, I02 ; breach of its tank,· I37 ; dis­ 99· pensary at, 142 ; district munsifs Ali Khan, Dost, 41. court. at, I67 ; Sub-Registrar's Alireddipalle, 209. office at, I68; descnpt1ve note of, Allah-ud-din, 35· 227. Aluminium,· I I 2. Badvel taluk, 2, 4, 226. Amada, 117. Baggira, I 6. Ambadeva, 34, 231. Bahudanadi, 3, 8o, 201. Amelapalle, m~morial stones at, 25. Bainapalle fuel working circle, 102. Ammavaru or Lakshmi, I6. Balanadar, Monsignor, J., 56. Amruta, I 84. Balapalle, 4, · 121; fuel working Amusements, 62. circle, 102: fuel ~serve, Ioo, Ioi, Anli.nda Ranga Pillai, the private 245. diary of, 97· BaJapaniir, 2I4- Ananta Matla, 39, 244. Balavanta Rao, 44· Anantarajupuram, 39· Balij:1s, 66, 67: stone carvers, I 12. Anantaramaraju, 235, 244; con- Bamboos, 105. structs the Hadvel tank, 39· Banas, 27, 2!S Andhra dominions, 28. Bandaru, 94· Animela, 29, 207. Banganapalle group o( quarzites, I4• ~njaneya, I 84. Banyan tree, 2 I. Anjaneyaswami temple, I 79· Bapoji Nayakkan, 42. Ankalamma, 245· Baramahal, 4I. Ba~, 116. Anogeissus latifolia1 991 J 90. s~ 250 INDEX

Basannagadda, i38 .. Bungalows, travellers', I :ao. Basavappa Nayudu, 213. Buruz, 6o. Baskara, son of Bukka I, construc- Bussy, M., 43· tor of the Porumamilla tank, 35. Bustard, 23. Bastar State, 28. Butea frondosa, 99· Bears, 22. Beddome, Colonel, too, IOI. c Beggars, 7I. Bellary, 38. Cactus, 20. Bengal gram, 78. Caliph and his rat, .story of, 195. Bentinck, Lord William. 152. Calotropis gigantea, 20. Bestapalle, 247. Campbell, Dr. T.V., I42, I44· Betd vines, 75. Campbell, Major-General, 48, so. Bezwada-Guntakal railway line, 122. Canal, the Kurnool-Cuddapah, 83 Bhatrazus, 7I. to 85, 120. Hhavanarayanaswami t~mple, 238. Canthium didymum, 99• Bhima Maharaja kinrt of the Vaid- Carissa carandas, 20, 94· umbas, 30. Carnatic, the, 35, 4:11. Bh6gandani bhavi, 236. Cart tracks and bridle paths, 1o7. Bi':iisakti, 64. Cassia auriculata, 20. Bijapur, 37· Cassia fistula, 99· Binga bendu, 16. Cast~s. 66. Blackbuck, 23. Cattle bells, 112. Black cotton country, agricultural Cattle, food of, 79· practices peculiar to, 77· Ca.ttle, manure from, 7 3· Black cotton soil, 6. Cattle, Mysore and Nellore breed Blankets, I 10. of, 21. Bommalatam, 63. Celltombs, 25. Bommanapalle, Igi. Census, 53· Bonnand, Bishop, 55· Chalukyan advt:muret Vijayaditya, Bonnet monkey,· 23. 26. Boots, manufacture of, II I. Chalukyans, west~rn ana eastern, Boyanapalle, 2 3 7. · 27. Boyas, 67.· Chandanam, 94· Brahaswami, 66. Chanda Sahib, governor · of Tnchi- Brahma, 184. nopoly, 42. Brahmans of Perungandura, 33. Chandraditya, 28, Brecciated quartz, 10, Chandragiri, 3 7. Buchanania latifolia, 99· Chandragiri province, 35· Buckingham canal, 132. Chapad and Mydukiir projects, 85. Buddayapalle 139. Chaplin, Mr. W. W., 152. Budubudukulas, 71. Charcoal, J o6. Buffaloes, :n, Io5. . Chautapalle, '38, I 94· Bugga Vanka, 12, 138. Cheetah, 22. Euilding matedals, 18. Chekrayapet, 214. Bukka Chennarayudu, 202. Chenchunatakam, 63. Bukka I, 185. ' Chenchus, 69. Bukka, founder of the Vijayanagar Chennakesavaswami temple, 187, . Empire, 35· 231. Bukkapatn:1m, 246. Chennakeswaraswami temple, l84. Bulaki, 6I. Chennamma, 39· · Bullmen, 102, 106, Chennampalle, 39· :Pulls, ros. ":hennangi, 74· INDEX

Chenniir, 36, 181. Co-operative credit society, 223. Chenniir taluk, 153· Copper, 12, 18. Chera or Kerala, 26. Copper phte inscriptions, 24. Cheyyer group, I 1, r 2. Copper pots, 112. Cheyyer river, 3, 4, 30, 39, 120. 241. Coppice with standard system or Cheyyer valley, 9· fuel felling, IOI, 102. Chikatipalle, 2 II. Cornwallis, Lord, 45. Chilakampalle, 214. Coromandel, 35· Chilamakiir, 36. Corundum, 16, Chilla, 93. Cotton, 78, 127; printing and dyeing, Chindhu dance, 68. I.I I.; ginning and pressing facto­ Cbinkara or Bennett's gazelle, 23. nes at Jammalamadugu, Proddatiir Chinna althi, 115. and Pulivendla, I 13. Chinnadasaripalle, 185. Cotton, Sir Arthur, 83. Chinnamandem, 224- Couvade (hatching) custom, 70. Chinna Orampad, 246. Cows, 105. Chinnayakuntapalle Railway station, Cox, Mr., 154, 211. Crime, I69: Chintakommadinne, II3, I86. Crimes, sensational, I71. Chintakunta, 9· Criminal justice, 168, Chintakuntabanda, 222. Criminal tribes, I6(l. Chintakunta hills, 12. Crystalline rocks, 8, 9· - Chintalapalle tank, 87. CudJapah, Meteorological Observa- Chitravati rivu, 2, 138. tory at, 6; Bugga Vanka near, 12, Chitvel, 3, 159, 168; valley of, s, 138; town on rocks of Kurnool 6 ; Sub-Registrar's office at, 168 ; formation, 13; battle. of, 44; descriptive note of, 242. saffron works and factory at, 7 5· Chloroxylon swietenia, 99· I 13 ; husking mills and weaving Chodas, the Telugu, 30. factory at, 113 ; a principal trade Chola, Kingdom and dynasty, 26 ; · centre, 114; a railway station, kings, 27 to 29. 121 : outbreak of plague in, I39,

Cholam, 78, 114, 127, 155, 157; Municipal hospital in, I41 1 I76; staple food grain of the black high school in, 143; London cotton country, 61. Mission elementary school in, Cholera, 139· . I45 ; Deputy Collector at, I 59; Choolya state, 27. district m unsirs .court at, I 66; Choultries, 120. a Municipality, 174; descriptive Christians, 54· note of, I78. Civil Justice, I 66. Cuddapah basin, 9· Clays, 11. Cuddapah district, boundaries, lati­ Clay slate, II. tude and longitude and area of, 2 ; Climate, 6. its transfer to the British, 46 Cocoanut trees, not tapped for Cuddapah melons, 75, 236. toddy, 164. Cuddapahs or Cuddapah foi"matwns, Coffee, IIS· 8 to II, Communication, means of, n8. Cuddapah slabs, I 12; II 4 and I 2 I ; Conglomerates, II. use of, 6o. · Conjeeveram, 26 to 28, 30, 42. Cuddapah taluk, 2, 3; turmeric culti­ Col'servancy of forests, prior to vation in, 75; description of, '177· Madras Forest Act of 1882, 100 ; Cultivation, wet, 73 ; dry, 75 ; modern subsequent operations, 101 ; re­ changesin,79 cent working plans, 102, Cycads, !f9. 252 INDEX

D. District Court, 167. Dabbala Yerukulas, 69. District Munsifs, I66. Dabbudapalle, I 90. Divisional charges, 159· Daggupad, I64. ' Divisions, natural, 7 ; western, 3 ; Damalcheruvu, 41, 42. southern and eastern, 4· Danavalapad, 29. Dodonncea viscosa, 94· Daniel, Mr. J. R., 129. Dogs, wild, 2 2. Danthi, 77. Dolls, Io6. Dasabandham wells, 158. Donga Dasaris, I69. Dasaripalle, 203. Donga W oddars, 169. Dasaripalle fuel working circle, 102. Dorasani Venkatamma, 203. Dasaris, 71. - Doyle, Rev. Fr. Patrick, 56. Dasavarman, 30. Dravida, 26, 27. Date trees, tapped for toddy, 163. Dress, 61. Davies, Mr. R. W., his scheme report Drinking vessels, 1 12. for the resettlement of the sub­ Dry cultivation, 75• division, IS6, I58. - Dry lands, resettlement of, I 57· Deccan, 25, 37, 38, 41; Sugar and D'Souza, Rev. Joachim, 55· Abkari Company, 163. Duck, 23. Decennial lease of renting, I 53· Duddine Tippa, 246. Deer, 23. Diidekulas, 58, 109. Deities, village, 64. Duggireddi Venkatreddi, 186. Delhi, 35. Duke of Wellington, 46. Demarcation of forests, Io7. Dupleix, M., 43. Density and growth of population, Duvviir, 167; battle of, 44; district 52. munsifs court at, 167; descriptive Deposits, geological, 8. note of, 198. Deputy Tahsildars, 159· Dynasties, earliest known, 26. Desamukhi, 148. Desay Marka Reddi, 230. E Description, physical, I. Despondi, I48. Earth Salt, method of its manufac­ Devachoda Maharaja, 39· ture, its interference .with mono­ Devadari, 93. poly salt, 161; its manufactures Devagiri Ankalamma, 233· suppressed, 162. Devagudipalle, 32. Eastern division, 4, ghats, 25. Devangas, 68, xo8, no. East India Company, 46. Devaraya Odaiyar, 36. Economic condition of agricultu­ Devuniboova, 62. rists, 87. Devunimiila, 6I. Education, 54; according to reli- Dhadiyam, I I 5. gions, 143; by the missions, 144· Dhavaleyarasa, King of the Banas, Educational Institutions, 144· 28. Edum, II6. Dhoor taluk, I 53· Ekili rajas, 213, uo. Diamnnd mines, 81, Eleodendron Glaucum, 99· Diamonds, 15. Ellamma, 64. Diorite, xo, u. Epidote, 16.

Diospyros chloroxylon, 93 1 99· Erythroxylon monogynum, 93· Diospyros ebenum, 99· Eugenia alternifolia, 99· District, redistribution of the, 1; Eugenia Jambolana, 93. shape and boundaries, 2 ; history Euphorbia, 10. of the eastern division of the, 30. Euphorbia antiquorum, 20. INDEX 2s3

Euphorbia neriifolia, 20. Galena, sulphide of lead, 17. Euphorbia tirucalle, 20. Galivadu, 221. European piece goods, 115. Gamble, 98. Exports, 114. - Game, 2l. Ganapati ofWarangal, Kakatiya king, F 34· Gandagopala, 32. Factories, 113. Gandhapurallu, 212. Famines, 127 to 138. Gandikota, gorge, 3 ; hills,_ 6 ; sima, Fath Miah, 42. 34 to 36 ; fort, 41 ; descriptive note Fauna, 21. of, 191. Felis Jubata, 22. · Gandliir, 194· Felspar, 9, 10. Gangamma, 64. Females, deficiency of, 53· Gangana, river, 223. Fennelly, Rt. Rev. Bishop Stephen, Gangaperiir, 236, 240. S6. Ganja, 164. Ficus rcligiosa, fig tree, zr. Ganjikunta, 203. Ficus tsiela, 2 1. Garden crops, 75· Fleury, the ship, 97· · Gardenia Gummifera, 99· Floods, 137, 138. Gardenias, 99· Flora, 20. Gardenia turgida. 99· Florican, 23. Garuda, 184. Fly shuttle slay, 109. Gatbala fuel reserve, 101. Food, human, 61; of cattle; 79· Geese, barheaded, 23. Foreign liquors, 163. Gelonium lanceolatum, 99· Forest produce, minor, 105. Geology, 8 ; industrial products of, For~sts, their situation, area, admin­ xs. istration and character, 92 ; plant­ Geriselu, 6o. . ing and sowing, demarcation, 107; German silver, materials of,'II2. forest offences, fire protection, Ghadia, II7. xo6. Giddaliir, 122. Fort of-Vanipent:l, 200; Korrapad, Ginjee, 43· 2or; Mudireddipalle, Tippireddi­ Gneiss, 8, 9, xo, 20. palle, Chakatalapad, 203 ; Parna­ Gneissic series, 8. paiie, 212; Midipentla, 213; Goa, 162. Niilivedu, 221 ; Gadikota, 224; Goats, 21~ Kottakota, 232 ; Sidhout, 233. Godavari district, distillery in, 163. French, the, 43· Godavari river, battle on the banks Fuel reserves, 101. of, 34· Fud working circles, 102 ; working Golconda, 16, 24, 37, 193· operations_. 103. Goiia, 64, 67. Gooty Munsifi, 164. G Gopalaswami Temple, 244. Gopal Reddi, 206. Gaddam Baligadu, 172. Gopavaram, 85. Gadelu, 6o. Gorru, 76. Gadi, 6o. Govinda raja, 40. Gadikota, 2 24. Govindaswami, 233. Gaggula Tippa, 202. Govinda III, 27. Gajapati, 36. Grain measures, 116. Gajubendu, x6. Granite veins, 9· Gajula Balijas, ax 2·. Granitoid gneiss, 9· iNDEJC

Gravel, 8. Howell, Rev. W., 56. Grazing and goat browsing, 105. Hoysalas, 32, 34, 35· Green gram, 79· , Hubli, 46. Green stone, Io.. Hughly, 97· Gregory, Mr. G., 152. Humidity, 7· Gribble, Mr., .12S, 130. Husking mills, at Muddaniir, 196; · Ground-nut, 79, I 14. at Jammalamadugu, Kamalapu­ Gudetti Rami Reddi, xto. ram, Cuddapah, 113. Gudhi, 117. Hwen Thsang, 27. Gumpramiinudinne people, 112. Hyderabad, 43, 46. Gunjiina river, So, S3, 241. Guntaka, 75· I Guntur famine, 1 2S. ldigas, 6S, r64. Guriginjakona, 194. Idupulapiiya palmyra plantation, Guriginjakunta, 223. 102, 163. Gurramkonda, 41, 42, 45, 4S; its Implement gravels, 14. cession to the Mahrattas 44 ; Imports, I 15. 5o. poligiirs of, lnagaliir, 30. Guvvalacheruvu, hill~, S, I 2 ; ghat, Income tax, 165. 41. Indebtedness of the ryots, 91. Gypsies, 7o. Indigo, 114. D Indigo vats, refuse as manure, 73· Indlur, 33· Haidar Ali, 40, 43, 44, 45, 14S, I99· lndra, 1S4. Hanbury, Mr., 153· Indra III, 29. Handlooms, xoS, 109. lndiiri Appayya, 231. Hands, Rev. John, 56. Industrial products, 15. Hanuman, 71. Infirmities, 141. Hardwickia binata, 99, xoo. Ingalhir Nadu, 29, 30. Hariali, 7S. Inge Bheema Reddi, 23S. Harihara Bukkariiyalu, 191. Inman, Rev. Canon, 57· Harihara, founder of the Vijaya- Inoculation, 139. nagar Empire, 35· In::~criptions at, Rayachoti, 219; Harihara II, 36. Tsundupalle, 220; Porumamilla, Harpanahalle, 137. 227 ; Chenniir, xS2 ; Pendlimarri, Harvesting, 79· 185; Chintakommadi•me, 1S6; Hsworth, Mr., 123. Duvviir, 98; Vanipenta, 200; Health, general, 139. Rameswaram, 201 ; Korrapad, Hemicyclia sepiaria, 99· Gaggula Tippa, 202 ; Palagiri, Hemp drugs, 163, 164. 205; Uppaliir, 206; _Animela, Hexandra, 93· 207; Vontimitta, 237; Kotapad, Heyne, Dr., 16. 238; Gangaperiir, 240; Pottapi, High Schools, 143· 244 ; in Soumyaniithaswami tem­ Hindus, 59· ple, 246; Sidheswaraswami temple, History, political, 24. 247· Hrematite, 17. Inumbrolu or Inumpudoli, 33· Holmespet, 197. Inupakolumulu, 203. Hornblende, 9, 1o. Irasas, u6. Hornstone, x6. , Iron ore, 12, 17; oxide, xo. Hoskins, Wren, SS. 1 Irrigation, general and under river Houses, 6o. channels, So; under tanks and Howell, Mr., 171. wells, Sx. INDEX 255

Irrigation works, 83. Kalinga, 31. lruvai Okati, 63. Kalivi, 94· lxora parviflora, 20, 94, 99· Kaluvanayanivaru, 22 I. Kaluvaya, 240. J Ka~alapuram, 2! 160; fuel planta­ . t1on, Ioo; radway station, 121 • Jackals, 75· railwaf accident near, 123; pri~ Jaggery, 74, 164. ~ate dispensary at, 142 ; descrip­ Jails, 171. tive note of, 204. James and Mary, the ship, 97· Kamalapuram taluk, 2, 3, 204. Jammalamadugu, Mission hospital at, 57 ; husking mills and ginning · Kamal-ud-din, 45· Kamaniir, 2oo. factory at, I 13 ; Mission medical Kamar-ud-din, 222. institution at, 14 2 ; Campbell Kamil assessment, 38,- 147; survey, Memorial school, caste girls' 222. school and Boarding school. at, Kammas, 66, 68. 144; Deputy Collector of, 159; Kampa I, 35· Sub-Registrar's office at, x68; Kanamalopalle, 9 · fuel reserve and descriptive note of, 188. working circle, ;02. . Jammalamadugu taluk, 2, 31 187. Kandukiir, 32. Jamu, II7. , Kankar, 19. Jandras, 220. Kanna, 16. Jangamrazupalle, lead workings of, Kanna sales, 242. I 7 ; valley, 5· Kannekalacheruvu, the story of t"he Jasper, 16. ·origin of the name, 246, 24-7. Jiltra, 64. Kannekamma temple,.I97, 2oo. Jesuits, suppression of, 55· Kantalam,. private dispensary at, Jinkala Musalmans, 220. 142. Joti, 236. Kantlam, u6. Judge, District, 166. Kanuga trees, 21, 74· Jungle fowl, 23; sheep, 23. Kapila, 83. Justice, administration of, 166; civil, Kapus, 66, I66 ·; criminal, 168. . K arepaku, 94· Juvvi tree, 21. Karikala Chola, 26,' 28. Karla, I6. K Karnam Veerappa 238. Kachchi or Kanchi (Conjeeveram), Kartikam, 74· ' 29, 32. Kathari Mangayya, 185. Kadiri taluk, added to. Anantapur Katteragandla, 36. d;strict, 1. Kavaligar, 216. Kaka Maharaja, 191. Ka vali rusums, 2 23· Kii.katiyas of Orangal, 34· Kazi, 58. Kakustavijayamu (Telugu poem), 3q, Kerala or Chera, 26. 244· Kerosene oil, II 5. Kalahasti, z8. Kesapuram, 224. Kalakada, 42. Khazi pet-Sunkesula, I 86. Kalasapad, 5 ; anicut near, 86, tank, K;lpiika or Kilpauk, 31. 87; Mission dispensary at, 142 ; Kistna, 5, 26. elementary school at, 145 ; des­ Kistvaens or cell tombs, 25, 205. criptive note of, 231. Kodide· Kiipus, 66. Kalikiri, Ul, JU; railway station, Kodiir (Jammalamadugu taluk), n8. 190. INDEX

Kodiir (Pullampet taluk), 33; red­ Kunchugattu Yerukula!;, 6Q. sanders plantation, 98, 100; fuel Kunchulu, 69. . reserve, 101; fuel working circle, Kunder river, 2, 44· 102; railway station, 121; mission Kunder series, 13. dispensary at, 142; mission pri­ Kunder valley, 9· mary school at, I4S ; descriptive Kunkumam, 6s. note of, 244. Kurivi, 94· .1{ oilkuntla lime stone, I 3· Kurnool-Cuddapah canal, 83, 120; Kolar, 28, 122. turmeric cultivation under it, 7S· Kolattam, 62. Kurnools or Kurnool formations, 8, Komatis, 68, 114, 197. 9· Komrni, 94· Kurubas, 71, no, III. Kondapuram, hills, I 2; husking Kuruguntapalle, 238. mills, 19; railway station, Izi, 194· L Kondavandlu, 230. Lakkireddipalle, 43, 44, IS9'; deputy Kondavidu, Reddis of, 36. tahsildar of, I 68 ; descriptive note Kondiir, 33 ; anicut near, 39 ; des- of, 220. criptive note of, 239. Lakshminarasimhaswami temple, Kondiir rajas, 241. 185. Kondiir Tippa, 241. Lambadis, 69, 7o. Koneti Nayudu, zu. Land revenue administration, under Korachas, 169. the Vijayanagar Empire, 146; Kornacl cloths, uo. Visapadi system, 147; Muham­ Korra, 77, ISS· madan system, 147; in the I8th Korrapad, zoi. century, 148. Korund or Corundum, 16. Languages, s 4· Kotalapalle, 194. Langur, 23. Kotapad, 238. Lankamalais, s, 92, 99 ; fuel work­ Kotapalle Bakki Reddi, 238. ing circle, 102, 103; timber Kothandaramaswami temple, 237. fellings, I 03. Kotliir, 183. Latchmi, goddess of riches, I6. Kottakota, 6, 226, 232. Lavu vadlu, ?4· Krishna Deva, 18z. Lead, 12. Krishna Naiker of Vijayanagar, 3S· Leaf-manure, 73· Krishnaraya, the greatest of the Vija- Leases, decennial, IS3; triennial, yanagar emperors, 36, I 92, zoo, ISO· 201, 222. Lebal[a, 3I, 34, 39· Krishna Reddi, 232. Lebbeck, 99· Krishna III, King of the Rashtra­ Leopards, 2 2. kiitas, 29, 30, 2oi, 2os. Leper asylum, s8, 14I, 142, 24S· Krupapalle, leper asylum at, 58, Lime, 19. 141, I42, 24S· Limestones, 8, 9, u, 18. Kukudu, 94· Lineal mrasures, I 16. Kulottunga I, Chola king, 30. · Linga Balijas, 63. Kulottunga III, 31, 32, 182. Lingala Vanka, :ns. Kumar a Ananta Raja, 207, 244. Lingayats, 63, 219. Kcmara Narasimha Nayudu, 203. Liquid measures, I I 6. Kumara Nayudu, 213. Liquor, 163. Kumara Sunki Reddi, 202. Lithic inscriptions, 24, monumentsl Kumphani Government, 40. 26. Kunchams, 116. Litigation, 167. INDEX

Local boards, I 74 ; their rc;ceipts Mantolu Sahib (Munro}, Colonel 4o. and expenditure, 17 5. Manumasiddhi, 32 ; his settle~ent Local self-government, 174. of a land -dispute of the Brahmans London Mission, 56. of P~rungandura, 33, 247. . Loris, 23 •. Manunng, method of, 73. Lower Secondary schools, 144. Marellamadaka, 2 I 7. Lutheran Mission, 57. Margosa trees, 20. Markets, weekly, I75· M Marraya Konigii, 94•

1 Masthan Sahib, 59, 66. Maba buxifolia, 93, 99· Matla Ananta, 39, 244. MacCartie, Mr., I33, I87. Mat!~ (Matli) princes, 38, 24:!o 247. Macdonald, Mr., murder of, 171, tSI. Math, 224. · Macfarlane, Rev. G. H., 51~ Mattu, I I7. Madanapalle, and Vayalpad taluks Mayaliir, private dispensary at, 142. added to Chittoor d:strict, 2. Measures, grain, liquid and lineal, Madanapalle, district munsi('s I 16; of time, 1 I 7. court, x65. - _Medaravandlu, 245. Maddicheruvu, iron furnace at, I 7. · ·.Medical institutions, public, 141 ; Maddimadugu ~uel working circle, ,. --private, 142. 102, eer Jumla, 193· Mademma, 189. • "' _Meera Khan, x86. Madhavaram,. 4; its silk weaving, • Meer Sahib, Governor of Gurram- uo, xu, II5; descriptive note ~_'konda, 40, 44, 213, :122. of, 237. ~asthenes, Greek geographer, 26. Madigas, 67, 68. " Melons of Cuddapah, 75, 236; of Madras and Southern Mahratta rail- Sidhout, n5. way, 121. .Melpadi, 29. Madurantakam, 31. Memecylon angustifolium, 99· Madurantakan-Pottapi-Chola, 31. Merpaka:Na.du, 31. Madurantaka-Uttama-Chola, 31. Merugulacheruvu, 221, Mahabharata, 32. · Metal, industries in, II2; work in Mahavishnu, 184. Vontimitta, 199· Mahazid Khan, 41. Metamorphic series, 8. Mabrattas, 38, 41, 44· Metla guntaka, 77· Maidukiir project, 85; descriptive Mhote, 83. note of, -203. Mica, 9. Mailavaram, 69, Midde, 6o. Makam Chenchiah, 173. Mil:s, husking, 79·

Malaria, 1391 140. Mimusops hexandra and elengi, 99·· Milas, 67, 68 ; Weavers, 108. • Mimusops Indica, 93- Malepad, 27. Mines, diamond, 81. Malinenipatnam, 222. Miskin Vali, 212. MallemKondas, 239. Missions, Roman Catholic, 55; Malleswaraswami temple, 223 London, 56; S.P.G., 57; Luth- Mamandiir, 31. , eran, 57·. Mauullapalle fuel working circle, 102. Modas or Salt mounds, 161. Mandavya river, 217. ·Modern changes in cultivation, 79· Mangapatnam, railway disaster near, Moharram, 58. 124, Moir, Mr. T. E., his scheme reports, Mango trees, 20, 156; his remarks on the culti- Mantapampalle, 6. vation of groundnut, So: · 33 INDEX

Molasses, 163. Muntha, n6. Monkey, 23. Miiniita nii.lugu, 63. MonsoJn, N.E., 125; S.W., 126. Miiredu, u6. Morari Rao, 42. Musalnayadu, 239. 1\'lotakatla. 222. Musalniiyani Cheruvu, 239. Motati Kapus, 66. Mushti, 93· Mouse d.-er o~ tragal us memimna, 23. . Muzaffar Jung, 43, :021. Muddaniir, z7; husking mills, 79, Mysore, plateau, 4, 26, 44; bre<>d oJ 196; descriptive note of, 196. cattle, 2 1 ; treaty of, 45 ; Indus­ Mudir~ddipalle, 203. trial and Arts exhibition, no. Mudivemu, 26. Muhammad Ali Khan, 42 Muhammadans, tht:ir invasion, 34; N their iavasion rolled back by the Hindus 35; their fight with the Nabhikot, 18o. Vijayan~gar empire, 37; rheir N~garujupet, London M i~sion system of land rr;venue admimstr<~.­ School at, 145· tion, 147. Nag·reddipalle railway station Z45· Munammadans, 42, 4-5, 48; as weav­ Nallamalai group, 12. ers, xo8 ; as boot and shoe-mak­ Nalhuna!ai hills, 2, 3, 5• 9· 92, 9lJ, ers, 1 1 I ; brass, copper and bell­ xoS, 112; fuel and t mber working metal workers and stone carvers, circle, 102; timber fellings, 103. II2; as shopkeepers, 114; as tree Nallavadlu, 74· tappers, 164; as masons and build Nalla Vagu, 201. "'n, 2 2 o ; as tanners, 22 2 ; as shoe Nandaliir, 4, 31, Ioi, 102; fuel and sandal manufactureres, 2 z 7 ; working circle, 102 ; railway st~­ as bangle makers,· 212 ; thei. wor­ tion, I2I ; railway oispensary, ship of the Hindu god Narasi•!lha• I 42 ; Lower secondary school, swami, 196. J 44; distnct munsifs coJurt, 166, Muhi"1rtam, 1 1;. descriptive note of, 245. M:.~kkanti-Kaduvetti, J3· Nandimandalam, 187. Mukkantiswara temple, x8g. Nandyal, J2I, 122. Mukkonda, 202. Nandyalampet, district munsifs Mulmndapuram, 240. court, I67; descriptive note of, Miilastii.neswaraswami temple, Z43· 203· Mulikinii.du, 34, 36. Nandyal shales, 13. Munelli, 37, 232. Narada, I84. :Mungii.ri pairu, 77. Nii.rapanayani Pina Avubala Nayudu, Municipal government, 175. 200. Munro, Sir Thomas, 3, 38, 40, 45, Narasimha Deva Raya, zos,2o6,:z22. 41S. 128, 137, 148, 149; Governor Narasin.ha of A hob lam, 69. of Madras, • 53, 150; b:s work Narasimha Reddi, I ;2. as principal Collector, 4 S ; his Narasimhaswami temple, :59, 189, reduction of the Poli~ars, 47; his 240. method of dealing w~th them, 49 ; Narasimha III, 32. his ryotwari ~ettlement approved Nawabs, .:..f Gandikota and Cudda­ by the Madra~ Government, so; pah, 38; of Cuddapah. 39 to 44, and by the n·rectors, 51; h'~ I 8o ; of .-\rcot, 41 ; of Kandaniir rates of as~essment, 150; story of ( K urnool ), 4 I, 43; of Savan ore 43 his grant of inam for the Nara­ Nazir Jung, 4~. simhaswami temple, 240. Neelapuram, 203. Munsifs, District anc;l. Village, 166. Neilmaruabad, 179• INDEX 259 Neiknam Khan, 179. Pallavas, 26, 27, 32. Nekunampet, 194. Palmyras, ro2; tapped for toddy, N emaliadugu, 94· I63. Neredu, 93· Palnati Ank!i.lamrna, 233. Nt>rjee limestones, 13, 18. Palugurallapalle, 2 33• Nerusupalle, 29. Palugurallu, 212. . Newbold, Captain, I6. Pamaleru, 246. Nidujuvvi, 2o8. Pamidi, I91. Nim tree, roo. Panchalingalakona waterfall, 2 rs, Nissanka Pratapa Raja, 219. 240· Nizam, 40 to 42. -Panch seer, ns. Nulivedu, 22I. Pandavagullu, 25. Pandums, n6. 0 P~n?ya an~ Pandyas, 26, 32, 34· . . Pamam senes, I3. Obalam,valley, s; descriptive note Papaghni river, 2, 3, 28, 102, 120, _ of, 239· 217; group, 12. Qbalapathi, 63. Obannapt::t, I94· Paraiyans~ 67. • · Occupations, 54, roB, II3. Paramatakona, 225. Oddes, 68. Parantaka I, Chola king, 28. Odeya, a title or the rulers or the Parnapad, 202. Vijayanagar provinces, 36. Parnapalle, 8, 138, 2II, Odina Wodier, 99· Partridgt::s, 23. Oniitulakona, I8S. Pata Cuddapah, r78. Opium, 163. Patchai bendu, r6. Opuntia dillenii, 20. Pathan chiefs, 43." Oranges of Velpula, irs. Patravandlu, 203. Ordeal, trial by, 33· Pattapurayi, 239. Orthoclase, 10. Patte Khan, 206. Oudh Regulations, rso. Pattiir fuel working circle, ro2. Pattu Sales, 242. p Pea fowl, 2 3· Pedda a!thi, I xs. Paddy, 165; its cultivation and Peddakanti kapus, 66. method of sowing, 73; its seasons Peddakndala, 216. and varietieR, 74· . Pedda madaka, 78. Padigala Konda Reddi or Kondayya, Peddamma, o8. Peddamudiyam, 27, II2 189. I95· 1 Padlu, n6. Pedda Orampad, 246. Padma Sales, uo, 21-2; their caste Peddapasupula, II3. dispute with the Jandras, 220. Peddinayaka, his land survey or Pakanadu, 31, 34· Pottapi nadu, 34. Pakanati Kapus, 66. Penagaliir, 33, 247. Pakarashtra, 30. Pendlimarri, tank, 87; descriptive Pakka Seer, n6. note of, x8s. Pennaperiir, 236, 240, Pii.la, 93· Palagiri, 30, 205. Penner river, 2, 3, 4, s, 6, 27, xoi, Paletti Gangamma, 224. IIS, I37, 138, 241; blown sands Palkouda hills, 2, 3, 92, 99, 102, of, IS ; lithic monumen"ts in its 103, I I4; bull men fuel working neighbourhood, 26, circle, 102; ti~ber fellings, IOJ. Pentas, Ios. 34 26o lNDEX

Penukonda, 35 ; transfer of the head Prithviswara, 312. · quarters of the Vijayanagar empire Proddatiir, Cotton pressing and gin­ to, 37- ning factories of, 109, 113, 114; Perumallaraja, 39; a principal trade centre, 114; the Perungandura, 33 ; brahmans, their wealthiest town in the district, land dispute settled by Manu­ 121; dispensary at, 14z; schools masiddhi, 247. in, 144; district munsil's court at, Phaseolus Mungo 79. r66; Sub-Registrar's office at, Phrenix, the ship, 97. r68; descriptive note of, 197. Physical description, I. Proddatiir taluk, 2, 19fi. Picottah, 8 3· Pteraspermun suberifolium, 94• 99· Pidugupalle tank, 8,7. Pterocarpus santalinus, 94· Pig, 23. Public health, 139. Piler, 41, 42. Puckle, Mr., IJI. Pinchanadi, 3, 217. Pulijiidam, 62. Pista~ite, 9, Io. Pulivendla, 34, 35, 36, 48, 114 ;. Plague, 33; its outbreak at Cud. weekly fair at, I 11, 175; ginning dapah, 139. factory at, I I 3 ; dispensary at, Plantains, 75· 142; Sub-Registrar's office at, Plantation, the Pullampet and Red- 168; descriptive note of, 210. dipalle fuel, Ioo. Pulivendla taluk, 2, 3; cultivation Pleistocene, 9· of ground-nut in, So ; descriptive Plovers, 2 3· · note of, 2o8. Pogada, 93· Pulivesham, 58. Poleramma, 64. Pullam pet, 30, 38; fuel plantation Poli::e, qo. and working circle, roo, l"02; Poligars, 38, 47· · weaving industry in, 109; embroi­ Political history, 24. , dery work in, no; Sub-Regis· Poliir, 29. trar's office at, r68 ; descriptive Pondaliir, 39. note of, 242. Pondicherry, 43. Pollampet taluk, 2, 4; turmeric Pong•m:.ia glabra, 21. cultivation in, 75; descriptive Population, density and growth, 52 ; note of, 240. emigration, birth and death rate, Pullan5i river, 241, 246. sexes, 53 ; parent tongue, educa­ Puluguni':.ti sima, 39· tion, occupations, 54 ; religious Punganiir, :z8, 41, 122. and social life, 63, 71; castes, 66. Pushpagiri. 63, 183. Porter, Rev. Edward, 57· Putaleshwar, warm springs of, 12.

Porumamilla, 341 35, 121; tank and Putti, u6. its construction, 81 ; fuel working circle, 102 j descriptive note or, 0 227. Potladurti, 36. Quadrumana, 23. Pottapi, 30, 32, 33, 34o 35• 39, 243· Quails, 13. Pottapi sima, 39· Quartz, 10. Pottipad, 28. Quartzites, 8, IJ, 20. Prataparudra, 34• 35• 36, 247. Prehistoric remains, 25. B Preventive Coree, Salt and Abkiri, 164. Rachapalle, 224. Prices of food grains, I 57· Racheruvu, 231. Pringle, Mr. A. T., 9S· Ragi, 62 1 741 II4· Raichur, 167. Religions, high . percentage of Railways, projected lines, 121; acci- Muhammadans,. the Christians, dents, 123. 54; Roman Catholics, 55; the Rainfall, 6. London Mission, 54, 56 ; the Rainfall and seasons, 125. S.P.G. Mission, 54, 57; the Rajahmundry, 164. Lutheran Mission, 57 ; religious Rajampet, fuel working circle, 102; practices and superstitions, 64. a trade centre, 114; dispensary Religious life, 63-66. at, 142; Sub-Collectorate, !"59; Renadu, 27, 34· weekly rnarket at, I75; descriptive Renandu, 27. note or, 241. Renigunta, 4, I67. Rajarajadeva III, 31. Resettlement, IS6; of dry lands, Rajaraja I, 29, 3I. 157; of wet lands, ISS; of dasa­ Rajendra Cbola III, 32, 33, 34· bandham well lan4s, I 58 ; finan­ Rakshasas, IS4. cial results of, I 59· Rama, his victory over Ravana, 3• Revenue history, 153, 146; under Ramaraja, the great Hemraj of Vijayanagar empire, 146; under Muhammadan historians, 36, 37, the. Muhammadans, 147; in the 193· 18th century, I48. Ramayya Pantulu, Mr. J., xSo. Revenue Hettlement, village settle­ Rameswaram, 200, ment of, t8oo-oi, ryotwari settle­ Rangarazus or Rangnis, I II. ment of x8oi-oz, I49; triennial Ranga, son ofTimmala, 37· , leases, ISO, Munro's views there­ Rashtrakutas, 27, 2S. . on, ISI; ryotwari system, IS I. Ravikas, 6I, no. Rice, us. Riiyachoti, rough blankets of I xo, River Channels, So. I 11; dispensary at, I42; Govern­ Rivers, 2. ment training school at, I44 ; Roads in I854, uS; extensions · Deputy Collector of, I 59; district ·during famine, 119; present ad- munsifs court at, I67; Sub­ ministration, II9; avenues, uo. Registrar's office at, 168; descrip­ Robinson, Mr., I23. tive note of, 218. Roches Moutonnes, 8. Riiyachoti taluk, 2, 4, 2I7. Rock areas, description of, 8, Riiyakiipus, 239. · Roman Cathoiic Mission, S S. Riiyalcheruvu, 194. Romany, 70. Rayavaram, 2I7. Rugs, no.. Riizus, 187, . Rumphius, 95· Reddipalle fuel plantation, xoo. Russel. Mr. J. W., 153· Reddis of kondavidu, 36. Rusums, 45· Red ferruginous soils, 5, 6 ; their Ryots, their indebtedness, 91.

classification, IS4· Ryotwari settlement of ISoi-02 1 Redistribution of districts, 1. I49· Redsanders plantation, at kodilr, 98 0 xoo, 244; in the Pullampet valley, s 102.

Redsanders tree, 97 ; its use'!l0 94· Sadasiva, emperor, 36, 37, 39, IS6. Redwood posts, 95· Saffron, works, 75 ; factory at Cud­ Regadipalle, I94· dapah, 113. Regar or black cotton soils, s ; their Sagiler, river, 2, 3• 34,.226; project, classification, IS3• I54· '86, I35· Registration, 167. Saiyid Khaja Ghouse Mahiuddin Relief works, famine, I30. darga, 227. -tNDEX

Sakali, 33 to 35· Sheep and goats, penning them Cot Sakali Kodiir, 33· , · manure, 7 6. Saktibanda, 65. Sheep fair of Simhadripuram, 216. Sales, 68, 1o8, no. Sheikhs,,58. Salt, 115 ; former sources of supply, Shoes, manufacture of, III. monopoly salt, I6I; present sour­ Shorea tumbaggaia and talura, 99· ces of supply, 162. Siddhavattam sima, 35, 39. Salt mounds, I6I. Siddhavatteswaraswami temple, 235. Samalkot, 163. Siddheswaraswami temple, 235. Sambhar, 22. Sidhout or Siddhavattam, go, 38 ; Sancherla fuel working circle, 102. fort, 44; fuel working circle, I02 ; Sandals, manufacture of, I I I. melons, 115 ; dispensary at, I42 ; Sandal sowing, xos. headquarters ofthe district, I52, Sandibondi, 6I. I8I; Sub-Registrar's office at, Sandgrouse, 23· I68; descriptive note of, 235. Sandstone, 8, II, 20. Sidhout taluk, 2, 4, 234. Sanipaya, 222. Silk weaving, no. Sankaranthi, 59· Silpis, I12, Sankavaram, 230. Simhadripuram, weekly fair at, I94 ; Sannavadlu, 74· private hospital at, I42 ; descrip­ Sanskrit Mahabharata, 32. tive note of, 2I6. Sapindus emarginatus, 94, 99· Simhavishnu line of kings, 27. Sarapappu, 114, 222. SirvelJ I22. Saris, uo, II I. Slates, 8, I I, 19. Sashagrundipuram, I9I. Small-pox, I4o: Sashtangamulu, 67. Snipe, 23 •. Scarcities subsequent to the great Social life, 66. famine, I34· Soils, 5· Schools, I43· Somapalle, 29. Seasons, 125; for paddy cultivation, Somasila, 21 240. 74 ; series of bad, 12 9. Somayaji, 34. Selection system of timber felling, Soremati, battle of, 29. Iog .. Soumyanathaswami temple, 246.

Seringapatam, 401 44 ; treaty of, Southern division, 4· 45· Sowing, 73· Seshachalams, 2, 3• 4, 42, 99; S.P.G. Mission, 57· timber working plan for, Iog; Spices, us. workers in wood near, I I I. Spur fowl, 23. Setti Bo1lijas, 2:38. Sriharikota, 69. Settigunta, home of doll makers, Sri Venkateswara temple, 179· I o6 : wood carvers of, I II ; des­ Stamps, I64•. criptive note of, 245. · State granary of Gandikota, 3. Settivaripalle, 202. Steatite, 21:1. Settlement department, early opera- St. Leger, Colonel, so. tions of, I 54· . Stonework, I 12. Settlement, the village - of I 8oo-o1, Storms, I37. and ryotwari of I8oi-o2, 149; Stratified rocks, 8. triennial leases, ISO; Munro's Stream bunding, Io6. views thereon, l 51 ; decennial Strychnos nux-vomica, 93, 99. leases, I 53· Strychnos potatorum, q3. Shales, 9, 1 I, I 3· · · ·· Stuart, Major, 154· Sheep, 21, 105. Subbamma, T., ~7-a. · · iNDEX

Sub-division, the resettlement of, Terminalia chebula, tomenl!osa and xss. pallida, 99· Sub-registrars, 168. Thandava Patagandlu, 172. Suddapalle 83. Thimma Nayudu, 193. Sugalis, 70, 169. Thiti Mallugadu, 172. Sugar, us. Thomba, 219. Sugarcan~::, 74· Thornhill, Mr. G., 130, r6_2. Sunkesula, 83. Thrighavari Deva MaharaJa, 231. Superstitions, 64. Thumakonda fuel reserve, IOJ. Surabhu valley, 29, 81, 209, Thumus, II6. Survey of the Cuddapah district by Tigers, 22, the king of Golconda, 38 ; of Tikkana Somayaji, 32. Pottapinadu by Peddinayaka, 34· Tikka or Gandagopala, 32, 33· Timber and timber operations, 103. T. Timber transit rules, 106. Table of weights, Timmala, 36, 37, 193· us. Tippireddipalle, 203. Tada, 94• . Tadpatri cotton ginning and pressmg Tipu Sultan, 40, 44, 4_?._i48, 212. T\rumala Madhya Ahobilam, 183. factories, 109, II4. Tadpatri plain, S· Tirumalaraja Matla, 39· Tahsildars and deputy tahsildars, Tirupati, 2, 4, 8, IOI, I 12, 114, 1 IS ; lower, 40, . IS9· . • Tiruvengalanatha RaJa, 40. Talikota, battle of, 37, 40, 179. Toddy, I63. Talla proddatiir, I 94· Togatas, 68, xo8, no. Tamarind topes, 20. . . . Tokavadlu, 74· Tangatiir, 4, 3 r, 39; dtstnct muns1fs Tondiarpet, I64. court at, I 6 7 ; head quarters . of Tondur, 2IS· the Matla princes, 247; descnp­ Tots, 8. tive note of, 247. Trade, 'xo8, II3. Tangedu, 20, Tragalus Memimna or Mouse deer, Tanjai or Tanjore, 29. Tank irrigation, So.. _ 23- Tanks at, Porumamllla and Badvel, Transplanting, 73· Trap dykes, xo. S 227 • at PoruJTiamilla construct­ Traps, 9, I 2. ed by' Baskara, 3S ; at Bad~el Travellers' bungalows . and cboul- constructed by Anantaramarii.JU, tries, I 20. 39; at Lebaka, 39; of Viraballi, Trial by ordeal, 33· 223 • of Kalasapad, 231 i of Tribes 69, criminal, 169. Vontimitta, .]37; of Settigunta, Trichinopoly, 42, 24S ; of Orampad, 246 ; of Triennial leases, ISO. Penagaliir, 247 ; of Kamalapuram, Trilochana P.tllava, 26. 20S- . Tsalladamulu, 61. Teal, 23. Tsoudu, 6o. Tellabendu, 16. Tsundupalle, 220. Telugu Chodas, 30. Tummala vanka, 234· Temperature, 7· TummaliiT, xSs. Temples at, Ahobilam in the Nalla­ Tungabhadra, 83. malais, 19 ; Palagiri, restored by Turmeric; 114, Bhima Maharaja, 30; Athirala, 7So liS 34 · Pondaliir, 39 ; Sidbout, 39 ; IJ. of Virabhadraswami at Rayachoti,. Udayagiri~ 3Si 36. · 63. • n: :1..--t . Temple, $it -AIC~,-.I-~, ~3~·· Ullinda, 93• :fNI>EX

Unions, I74· Vijayanagar empire, 16, 24, 41 ; Uppaliir, 4 ; poligar of, so; silk founded by Harihara and Bukka, weaving industry at, no; descrip­ 35 ; rolls back the Muhammadan tive note of, 206. invasion, 3S ; hs history, 35 ; its Upparapalle, 2~g; fuel plantation, policy of appointing relatives of 100. the .reigning emperors as viceroys Upparas, 68, 161, 162. of provinces, 35 ; its administra­ Urampad, 124. tive units, 36; the Muhammadan Urutiir, S6. confederation against it, 37; its Uti, 93· power broken at the battle of Utukiir tank, breach of, I 38. Talikota, 37; its capital trans­ ferred to Penukonda, 3 7 ; ae;ain to Chandragiri, 37; its final v overthrow by the king of Golconda, 3 7. Vaccination, 141. Vikrama Chola, 3 x. Vadyiinam, 61. Village deities, 64. Vagatikona fuel reserve, xoo, xox. Village Munsifs, x66. Vaghi tree, Ioo. Villages, 59· Vaidumbas, 2g. Village settlement of x8oo-ox, 149· Vaisiikham, 7 3. Viraballi, :z:z 3· Valliir, 32, 34, 182. Virabhadraswami temple, 63, xSs, Vangimalla, 223. zig.. · Vanipenta, Io6, II2 ; lead workings Vira Someswara, 32. near, I7; brass workers of, Io6, Visapadi system, 147· II2; descriptive note of, Igg. Vishnuvardhana, I 8g. Vanniiramma, the only female Vitex altissima, 94· poligar, 203. Vitex pubescens, 9g. Varikunta, 37• Volcanic rocks, 8. Vayalpad aud Madanapalle taluks Vontimitta, 6, u, 102; valley, 4, g; added to Chittoor district, 2. fuel working circle, 102; descrip­ Velanadu Kapus, 66. tive note of, 237. Veledu, u6. Vows, 65. Vrishabhasurudu, 210. Veligallu, :z:z, :z:z I. Veligonda hWs, 2, 4, 9• 92, 99 ; Viira Kunta, 21. timber fellings, 103. Vellalas, 33. Velpulakona, 23g. w Velpula, oranges of, us. Vempalle, :z, 3• :z8 ; dispensary at, Warangal, 34· 142 ; district munsirs court at, Warm springs, u. 167 ; descriptive note of,_ :zog. Weavers, castes of, xo8; condition Vemula~ 48, 2I3. of, xog. Venkatadri, 203. _ Weaving, cotton, 109; silk, blankets Venka.tapathi, 37, 231 •. and rugs, uo; cotton printing Venkataramaraja, 39• 40. and dyeing, II 1. Venkatesa, 7 I. Webera corymbosa, g4. Venkateswaraswii,mi temple, x8g Weekly markets, t7S· Venugopalaswami temple, 239. Weights and measures, ns. Vighadia, II7· Weights, table of, 115. Vijayaditya, :z6. Wellesley, Colonel, 46. Vijaya Gandagopila; 34 Wells, irrigation under, 81 ; treat­ Vijayala.ya, as. ment of J~ds.undet.-154· -· INDEX 265 Western division, 3· Yenugula Papa Nayudu, 191. Wet lands, cultivation of, 7 3 ; re- Yerraballa, 215. settlement of, 158. Yerra bendu, I 6. Wheat, us. Yerragudipad, 122, 198. Whitehead, Mr. T. A., 97· Yerraguntla 5; husking mills at; 79 · Wdd date, 99· railway statbn, 121, 197; wher~ Wild dog, 22. Cuddapah . slabs are entrained, Willshaw, Captain, 97· II3; unfashioned prehistoric Winds, 7• tombstones found near, 25 • Wittmann, Rev. J. N., 57· descriptive note of, 208. ' Wolves, 22. Yerraguntlakota, hill range, 8; head­ Wood, work in, III. .. quarters of the Ma~a princes, 93; Wreath of golden flowers, triump­ fuel reserYe, 101 ; uon furnace at, hant, legend of, 3, 2 I 7. I7. Yerrakonda, 191. y Yerramanenipalem, 222. Yali, 19!!. Yerukula Niincharamma, 70. Yanadis, 69. Yerukulas, 69, II I. Yarn,' 109, us. Yeruva division, 34· Yappirala, 239•. Yetiir, weekly fair at, 194; descrip­ Yelamakapus, 66. tive note of, I95· Yellamarasayya, 36. Yellammadevata temple, I82. z Yellappa Nayanigadu, 186. Zadigam, 76.