SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM

Professor Nathan B. Blumberg, Dean

The School of Journalism completed a successful 51st year. The journalism program is thriving, but the radio-television curriculum was badly damaged by the loss of the television studios for the entire year. Radio station KUFM went on the air winter term, providing students, faculty and residents of the area with quality music, drama and information programs.

No staff replacements will be necessary. Professor Dean Rea withdrew his resignation which had been submitted during spring quarter.

Curriculum and Enrollment

The enrollment increased again for the eighth consecutive year. The School of Journalism has been administratively responsible for 134 students during the year. There were at the end of the year a total of 109 undergraduate students in journalism, 4 graduate students in journalism and 21 radio-television students. A total of 23 degrees of bachelor of arts in journalism, one degree of bachelor of arts in radio-television and two degrees of master of arts in journalism were awarded at the June commencement.

O nee again, the high regard in which the school is held by professional journalists was demonstrated by the large number of requests for our graduating seniors. Many more job offers were received than could be filled, and Professor Dugan, who handles journalism placement duties, reported that starting salaries went up again for our graduates. The internship program for undergraduates placed a total of 32 of our students in summer jobs on newspapers and with radio and television stations.

Staff Activit ies

Tom Pettit, NBC news correspondent, was the ninth annual Dean Stone Night speaker and 1965 Professional Lecturer in Journalism. His

3 Zo - 2 -

speech was utilized as the lead article in the 1965 edition of the Montana Journalism Review. The banquet was held May 9 in the Yellowstone Room of the Lodge and attracted approximately 153 persons.

Hal Stearns, publisher of the Harlowton Times and the Eastern Montana Clarion at Ryegate, served as a special lecturer for a three-day period spring term.

Professor Dugan, in addition to his placement responsibilities, again served as adviser to the Montana Kaimin. He addressed the Washington State Press Association convention in Spokane, the U.S. Forest Service Middle Management School in Missoula, the Lee Newspapers Publishers meeting in Butte, the Food Industry Seminar at MSU, and the Moore High School commencement. He was director of the Newspaper Fund Publications Seminar here last summer and again was chairman of the School for Administrative Leadership on campus. He also is a member of the public information committee of the Mental Health Planning Project.

Professor Brier devoted considerable time to our program of service to high school journalism. As adviser to the Montana Interscholastic Editorial Association for the third year, he published seven issues of the High School Editor during the academic year, and was in charge of the two-day 15th annual fall meeting which attracted a record attendance of 503 registered high school students and advisers from 66 schools in Montana. He also was editor of the eighth annual Montana Journalism Review and was adviser to all journalism freshmen. He was moderator of a four-member panel discussion of the free press-fair trial controversy at the Sigma Delta Chi regional convention in Seattle, and was interviewed on "Control of News" on KGVO-TV. He worked for a fifth summer as a newsman for the Associated Press.

Professor Rea served as faculty adviser to the undergraduate chapter of Theta Sigma Phi and as academic adviser to all journalism sophomores. In addition, he addressed the annual meeting of the Newspaper Advertising Executives Association in New Orleans, La. The NAEA had sponsored his $2,500 grant for study of newspaper advertising at the Charleston (S.C.) News & Courier and the Evening Post last summer.

3 X ) -3-

Professor Hess, who serves half-time in the academic program of the School of Journalism, was convention co-chairman of the Montana Broadcasters Association annual meeting and chairman of the MBA public service committee; director of public information and board member of the Missoula chapter of the Red Cross; chairman of the Montana Red Cross public information advisory committee; director of a workshop on uses of television for approximately 50 county agents and extension division personnel, and speaker to Missoula Kiwanis Club. He was adviser to radio-television sophomores, juniors and seniors. His other activities are included in his report on the Radio-Television Studios.

Professor Norton, who devotes approximately three-fourths of his time to the academic program of the School of Journalism, received a master of arts degree in journalism from the University of Oregon in August, 1964. He was adviser to radio-television freshmen, served on a panel on broadcast news at the MBA convention in Missoula and delivered a commencement address at Thompson Falls High School. He has been awarded a $1,000 fellowship to work on the staff of Advertising Publications Inc. in Chicago for eight weeks this summer. The grant was made by the Association for Education in Journalism and the American Business Press.

Professor Johnson, who serves one-quarter time with the School of Journalism, served as secretary-manager of the Montana Press Association and edited 12 issues of the Montana Fourth Estate. She also addressed the Northwest Association of Secondary and Higher Schools in Portland; Colorado Press Association in Denver; 50th anniversary of the founding of the Choteau County Free Library in Fort Benton; Montana Institute of the Arts annual festival, and the Jaycees at Montana State Prison in Deer Lodge.

Dean Blumberg served during the summer as an American Specialist for the U.S. Department of State in Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam and Jamaica, and spent fall term as a visiting professor at the Pennsylvania State University. He served on the accreditation team appointed by the American Council on Education for Journalism to inspect the journalism program of San Jose State College and later was elected vice chairman of the ACEJ accrediting committee at its annual meeting in Chicago, He -4-

was master of ceremonies at the third annual Branding Iron banquet of the Great Falls Press Club, spoke at a dinner honoring Pulitzer Prize winner Mel Ruder in Columbia Falls and addressed students at the MSU Leadership Camp. He edited one issue of Communique for journalism alumni, conducted the scholarship program and was academic adviser to all journalism seniors and graduate students. He directed the selection and installation for the Montana Newspaper Hall of Fame and again was a member of the state selection committee for the Rhodes Scholarships.

Other Matters

The Melvin and Myrtle Lord Scholarship of $300 was offered for the first time this year. It was made possible by the interest from a gift presented by Mr. and Mrs. Lord, graduates of the School of Journalism.

The Star and Tribune announced the establishment of a $400 scholarship for the outstanding journalism junior beginning in 1966.

Four seniors were graduated with honors and they and other journalism students won more than their share of honors and awards open to all university students.

The staff again judged high school newspapers and Professor Brier served as judge of high school yearbooks.

Research:

Professor Brier was editor of the eighth annua! Montana Journaiism Review, which contained 40 pages and was the largest yet published. It was sent to practicing journalists, editors, publishers, educators and research specialists. The quality of this publication has drawn many letters of praise from persons in several areas of journalism.

Following are publications and research in progress:

Professor Brier:

"How to Write Effective Headlines," Montana Fourth Estate, December, 1964, pp. 5-6.

Book review of Thirty-Eight Witnesses by A .M . Rosenthal, Montana Kaimin, Dec. 9, 1964.

G-2-3 -5-

ln Progress:

A book about writing for newspapers and wire services in collaboration with Howard Heyn, night editor of the bureau of the Associated Press-

MSU research grant for summer, 1965, to study the first newspaper in Montana, the Virginia City Montana Post-

Professor Hess:

In Progress:

Radio production textbook (with Professor Norton).

Professor Rea:

"The 1964 Fellowship Report," Proceedings of the Newspaper Advertising Executives Association, Danville, 111., Newspaper Advertising Executives Association, 1965, pp. 48-50.

In Progress:

MSU research grant to prepare a press law guide for Montana.

Professor Norton:

"Dad Goes Back to College," Old Oregon, Eugene, University of Oregon Alumni Association, September-October, 1964.

"Road to Responsibility: Public Affairs Broadcasting," Montana Journalism Review, School of Journalism, no. 8, 1965, pp. 19-21.

In Progress:

Radio production textbook (with Professor Hess). -6-

Professor Johnson:

Farewell to Troy, a novel, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.

"Fashion Discovery in the Aegean," Continental Magazine, summer, 1964.

Several book reviews; some short stories reprinted in anthologies.

In Progress:

Research in classical literature on Medea of Colchis for a novel.

Dean Blumberg:

"Close Call in British Guiana: No 'Second Cuba' This Time," Montana Journalism Review, no. 8, 1965, pp. 9-12.

#

J ’-Z.cT RADIO « TELEVISION STUDIOS

Assistant Professor Philip J. Hess, Director

The radio studios were used by more students for laboratory work during the past academic year than during any previous period. There was virtually no television activity during the year. More radio stations in the Northwest have carried our programs to a greater audience than in the past.

Radio Programs

More than 100 stations in Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Colorado carried MSU radio programs to a potential audience of several million. One hundred ten different radio programs were broadcast by these stations for a total of 7>370 separate radio broadcasts of MSU programs. The programs varied in length from 10 minutes to 30 minutes for a total of 680 hours. The programs were distributed to the stations on 3 »^l70 miles of recording tape. All of the programs were produced by students with close faculty supervision.

In addition to the three regular weekly programs ('’University Concert Hall,” ’’University Reporter” and ’’Grizzly Sports Roundup”) several programs of a special nature were issued during the year, At the request of the United States Information Agency the department produced a Russian language Christmas music program for use by the Voice of America stations. The program was narrated by Professor Peter Lapiken, Another Christmas orogram was heard over the stations affiliated with the American Broadcasting Company, The Armed Forces Radio. Service network also carried a special MSU Christmas program.

Television Programs

The department produced and directed ’’University Profile” three evenings each week on KGVO-TV, The program was on the air from November through March and featured University faculty, staff and students from almost all departments.

Using its remote TV facilities the department produced telecasts of the homecoming parade and the intercollegiate rodeo. Both programs were carried by KGVO-TV.

32-L Page Two

FM Broadcast Station

A major accomplishment in the department's efforts was realized when KUFM began on-the-air operation January 31» 1965, A total of 691 programs were broadcast by KUFM before the station left the air June Iq for the Summer period. Professors Norton and Hess, aided by other staff members and graduate students, supervised 20 students in the operation of the station Winter and Spring quarters.

Additional Services

The department is a repository for all radio and television materials produced in the state which appear worth saving and which are recorded on tape or film. Many Montana stations have sent material to the department for cataloging and filing. The department has also added to its archives material recorded at the University. All major speeches and musical performances on the campus are in the department's tape files.

The department has also worked with the American National Red Cross In producing taped announcements and taped audio productions to accompany slide presentations.

Staff Activities

Raymond G, Dilley, half-time production assistant, completed course work leading to a graduate degree in journalism. He expects to complete the thesis requirement during Summer Quarter, 1965, and has accepted a faculty position at the University of Vermont, His replacement has not been selected,

Charles E. Meyer, radio-tv technician and KUFM chief engineer, assisted with the technical aspects of the operation and prepared the engineering exhibits for the FM station license application, Meyer became a charter member of the board of the Montana district of the National Society of Broadcast Engineers. He was appointed co-editor of the district's monthly publication,

Philip J. Hess, assistant professor and director, attended the annual meetings of the National Association of Broadcasters, the Association for Professional Broadcasting Education and the Montana broadcasters Association, He served as co-chairman of the MBA convention committee and has been named chairman of the Public Service and Special Projects committee of the MBA. Page Three

Hess also serves as a communications media consultant for the Western Area of the American National Red Cross, He is on the board of directors of the Montana Lutheran Student Foundation and served on the planning board of the Tri-Cpunty Human Resources Commission, He spoke to the Missoula Kiwanis club about "Community' Antenna Television and Federal Regulation." Hess also conducted a one-day television workshop for $0 county extension agents. With Professor Lee Norton he is preparing a radio production textbook.

Critical Needs in Radio-Television

The operation of a radio-television academic program is dependend upon the facilities available for the training of students. The operation of KUFM is an eflovious aid to the academic program. However, its advantage is almost cancelled by the lack of television studio facilities. When the old building in which the television facilities were located was torn down the department understood relocated studios would be available by September, 1965, It now appears September, 1966 will be the earliest possible date for completion of new facilities,

The lack of television sequence courses has and will continue to affect' adversly the radio-tv studio operations and the academic program in broadcasting. If possible the assigned location for the new facilities, or a suitable substitute location, should be made available at the beginning of, or during, the 1965-66 academic year.

32-* SCHOOL OF LAW

Robert E. Sullivan, Dean

FACULTY ACTIVITIES

The faculty continues the pattern of excellence in instruction and also discharges important service commitments to the profession and to the state. The relations with the practicing profession are excellent. Individual members of the law faculty have accepted assignments on committees which will have a lasting influence on the administration of justice in Montana. A chronicle of activities of the faculty indicate that the participation of individual members in research projects continues throughout the summer months despite the fact that the members of the faculty are on academic year contracts.

Professor Edwin W. Briggs--

Publications:

Book, Legal Barriers to Competition in Montana State and Local Law, i-x. 1-165 pp. (Small Business Management Research Reports)'(September 1 9 6 5 , Montana State University Press.)

An Institutional Approach to Conflict of Laws: "Law and Reason” versus Professor Ehrenzweig, 12 UCLA Law Review 2 9 -7 8 (November 1969)

"The Essential Differences in the Position of Labor Unions in Private Employment from those in Public Employment." A paper given at the Training Institute for members of the National Association of Letter Carriers, held on the Montana State University campus, March 13 and 14, 1 9 6 5 .

Work in Progress:

A paper entitled, "The Genesis of the Rule of Pennoyer v. Neff--A Product of Historical Evolution in a Federated Society." This is a critical evaluation of Professor Ehrenzweig's, "The Transient Rule of Personal Jurisdiction: The 'Power' Myth and Forum Conveniens." 65 Yale Law Journal 2 8 9-3 1 4 .

Prepared a complete outline for a treatise based on research at the University of Michigan Law School, in 1 9 5 7 -5 8 , under the Edson R. Sunderland Senior Research Fellowship, entitled: "General Theory for 'Conflicts,' Based in a Genuine Sociology of Law: Project Outline (1958). Provides the basis for recent writings in Conflicts.

Book Review of Cahn's "The Sense of Injustice".

Book Review of O'Neal and Derwin, Expulsion or Oppression of Business Associates. (Duke University Press 1 9 6 1 ).

32-9 -2-

A study of capital punishment, entitled: "Capital Punishment as an Instrument of Social Control--Its Possible Relationship to the Develop­ ment of Both Individual and Social 'Conscience'.

Formalize and publish the results of experience in the class room with "institutional theory of law".

Since April, 19&3; member of the Montana Criminal Law Revision Commission drafting a proposed Revised Penal Code.

Committee Assignments:

Chairman, Service Committee Chairman, Board of Directors, ASMSU Store Corporation Member & Secretary, Salary and Promotions Committee

Advisor to eighteen law students.

Professor Larry M. Elison

Publications:

"Assigned Counsel in Montana: The Law and the Practice," 26 Montana Law Review 1, p. 1 (Fall 190+)

"The Defense of Indigent Accused," Montana Bar Journal.

Work in Progress:

"Sentencing in Montana" and "Social Control of Land Uses,"

Criminal Law research as member of the Criminal Law Revision Commission.

Committee Assignments:

Association of American Law Schools Legal Aid Clinics American Bar Association State Committee on Legal Aid & Indigent Defendants Membership & Watchdog Committees of A.A.U.P. President-elect for 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 of A.A.U.P. (local chapter) Faculty advisor to the 1 3 member Montana Law Review staff.

Advisor to eighteen law students.

Administrative Duties:

Secretary for Law School faculty meetings Responsible for organizing the work on the revision of criminal procedure and immediate supervisor of the full time secretary of the Criminal Law Revision Commission.

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Other Professional Activities:

15 minute radio address on the Supreme Court Bible & Prayer decisions Addressed the Civitans on the problems of Criminal Procedure in Montana Addressed Sentinel Kiwanians on Juvenile Delinquency and the Law Addressed Journalism Honorary S rority and Journalism class on "Free Press vs. Fair Trial." Addressed Attorney General's Conference, Democratic Women's Club and Law Wives on various subjects. Speaker, 1 9 6 5 Law Day Member: Montana Bar Association.

Instructor Harry A. Haines

Publications:

"Recognition of Legislative Interests in Conflicts Cases Arising Under the Full Faith & Credit Clause," M.S.U. Law Rev. Vol. 26-1, 1964.

Work in Progress:

Article: "The Utility of the 'Jurisdictional Principle' in Conflict of Laws" nearing completion.

Advisor, Student Bar Association

Advisor, 18 law students.

Mr. Haines made an outstanding contribution to the Legal Writing program during his one year appointment to the Law Faculty. He has accepted a fellowship at Hew York University Law School for studies toward a Masters of Law in taxation.

R. M.Houghton, Assistant Professor and Law Librarian

Publications:

"Montana History Through the Law Books of the Montana State University Law Library". Vol. 18, p. 9 Montana Libraries 1964.

Committee Assignments:

Member University Computer Committee Member AALL Duplicate Exchange Comm. Member AALL Application of Scientific Devices to Legal Literature Committee

See also the Law Library section of this report.

v3 3 1 -h-

Professor David R. Mason

Publications:

Article in Montana Libraries, January, 19&5* entitled: "The Uniform Commercial Code in Montana."

Work in Progress:

Preparation of amendments to Rules of Civil Procedure in Montana District Courts.

Prepara lion of Rules governing appeals to the Supreme Court of Montana

Article on "Original Jurisdiction of the Montana Supreme Court"

Committee Assignments:

American Bar Association: Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar Associate and Advisory Committee on Bill of Rights Section of Judicial Administration Montana Bar Association: Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar Committee on Relations with the Montana Law Review Chairman, Advisory Committee to Montana Supreme Court on Rules of Civil Procedure University Committees: Chairman, Faculty Advancement Committee Chairman, Faculty Senate Chairman, Budget & Policy Committee

Advisor to eighteen law students.

Recipient of the first Montana Bar Association Award for "an outstanding contribution to the legal profession carried out or completed during the year."

Professor Lester R. Rusoff

Publications:

Book Review of Farm Income Tax Manual by O'Byrne, for Spring 1 9 6 5 issue of Montana Law Review.

Work in Progress:

Article on depreciation by lessors and lessees. -5-

Committee Assignments;

Director, Annual Institute on Taxation and Estate Planning Member, Faculty Benefits Committee

First Vice-President of the Western Montana Fish & Gam Association Secretary-Treasurer of United Sportsmen's Associations of Montana Member of the legislative committee of the Montana Wildlife Federation Advisor, University Pistol Club

Advisor to eighteen law students.

Professor Albert W. Stone

Publications;

A.S. Wisdon: The Law of Rivers and Watercourses, a review in the Natural Resources Journal, U. of New Mexico Law School.

Water Rights and Reclamation Projects v. 109 ho. 6 7 Congressional Record, p.7422.

Developments in Montana Water Law; ABA Report of Section on Mineral & Natural Resources Law, 1964, p. 194.

Work in Progress;

Chapters in the Water Laws of the United States, a 4 or 5 volume treatise to be published by the Allen Smith Co., Indianapolis.

Work on the 1 9 6 5 ABA Report of Section on Mineral & Natural Resources Law on developments in Montana Water Law

Work, under Federal Grant,on Montana's Water Laws.

Committee Assignments;

Member, Water Law Section, American Bar Association Member, Water Law Subcommittee, Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation Representative to Assoc. Rocky Mountain Universities, Inc., on creating a Water Law Research Center. Member, Bonneville Regional Advisory Council Water Resources Research Council, M.S.U. Exec. Comm., M.S.U. Chapter, A.A.U.P. Charter delegate, Montana Statewide A.A.UiP. Conference

Advisor to eighteen law students.

333 -6 -

Professor Gardner Cromwell

Publications:

Research Report of the Montana Highway Code, Tribune Publishing Co. (Great Palls, Montana, 1 9 6 5 ) (pp. 1J0+ v). "Prepared by the School of Law, Montana State Highway Commission, in cooperation with the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads."

Committee Assignments:

University: Chairman, Scholarships and Student Loans Comm. Member, Curriculum Committee Board of Trustees, School of Religion Faculty Council Board of Directors, (U. of M. ) Federal Credit Union Lawyer, Panhellenic "rushing" Faculty Representative to Central Board Community: Elder, Chairman, Christian Education Comm., First Presbyterian Church, Missoula Member, Camp Site Comm., Presbytery of Glacier Member, Comm, on Church & Society, Synod of the Rockies Leader, various discussion groups Administrative: Executive Secretary, U. of M. Law Association Administrator, Law School loan funds Moot Court Program coordinator

Other Professional Activities: Member, A.B.A. Comm, on Legal Education Member, A.B.A. Comm, on Significant Real Property Decisions Co-Chairman, Montana Clear Air Association Advisor, Montana Judges' Comm, on Pattern Instructions Testified before Montana House and Senate Committees on Highway Code and H.B. 5 6 (Air Pollution Bill)

Advisor to 18 law students.

Dean Robert E. Sullivan

Publications: Book Review: Kuntz, A Treatise on the Law of Oil and Gas, Volume II, Spring Issue North Dakota Law Review

Editorial, Montana Libraries, Fall, 19&+.

3 3 4 -7 -

Coxamittee Assignments:

Chairman, Faculty Athletic Committee Trustee, U. of M. School of Religion Member, Service Committee Member, American Bar Association Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar Member, American Bar Association Mineral and Natural Resources Law Section Member, American Bar Association Advisory Committee to Special Committee on Atomic Attack Member, American Judicature Society Chairman, Comm, on Opportunities & Needs of Smaller Law Schools, Association of American Law Schools Chairman, of Section D, (one of seven sections) of Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws Member, 3 other committees, Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws Member, Advisory Comm, on Social Sciences to World Book Encyclopedia Chairman, Montana Bar Association Comm, on Continuing Legal Education Co-Chairman, Governor's Comm, to Revise Montana Corporation Laws Member, Legal Comm. Interstate Oil Compact Commission Trustee, Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation Unpaid Legal Consultant to Montana Oil & Gas Conservation Comm.

Other Professional Activities;

Awarded Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree, Carroll College, Helena, Montana Nky, 1965. Talk before Silver Bow County Bar Assn., November, 1 9 6 ^ Numerous talks before civic and service clubs, including two high school graduation addresses. Director, Institute on Commercial Code and Institute on Law Office Management for Montana Bar Association.

Advisor to all law students on academic matters and supplemental advisor to all law students on all other matters.

As this chronicle of accomplishments indicates, there has been extensive research culminating in revisions of Montana law. These research projects have been limited to major areas of the law. All of them, with the exception of the Highway study, have been on a non-funded basis.

There will be several personnel problems when our enrollment exceeds 150 students. The student-faculty ration in the coming two or three years will range between 1 5 to 1 and 1 7 to 1, depending on the rate of enrollment increase and the appointment of additional faculty members. When the enrollment exceeds 1 5 0 , it will be necessary to sectionize classes in order that the instructional units will not exceed 50 students.

At least three new faculty members will be required to sectionize classes in

3 3 s ' -8- the first year, and three additional ones to sectionize classes in the second year. These additions to teaching staff will also require additional secretarial and service staff and additions to the administrative personnel of the Law Library. In the course of time it will also be necessary to add an Assistant Dean for administration, counseling and placement. As the enrollment exceeds 1 5 0 , the total faculty will consist of 16 full time members plus a Dean and Assistant Dean and a Law Librarian. Secretarial and service staff will expand to seven or eight.

33* -9-

ENROLLMENT

The number of students enrolled in the nation's major law schools in­ creased hy almost 11 per cent during 1967-65 to a new high of 57,265- This marks the sixth consecutive year that law school enrollments have increased. A survey among semi-finalists in the National Merit Scholarship Program involving high school seniors indicates that Merit Scholarship semi-finalists choosing law as a career totaled 6.7$ in 1957 and 9*3$ ia 1963* In the comparable period, Engineering dropped from 33.6$ to 20.8$ and Science dropped from 37.8$ to 28.9$. These statistics, together with general information relating to the increasing size of college enrollments, indicate that pro­ jections for the next ten years for law school enrollments are for an increase each year. This has imposed tremendous burdens upon existing law schools and has resulted in the establishment of a number of new law schools. It has also led to a gradual increase in admission requirements in accredited schools.

The experience nationally has been reflected in Montana. In the year 1962-63, total enrollment in the law school was 8 3 ; in 1963-67 it was 102 and in the year just concluded, 1967-65, it was 126. During the same period, the number of students matriculating in the first year class showed an in­ crease in numbers and a decrease in those who were admitted without a degree. For example, in 1962-63, there were 38 in the freshman class of whom 6 did not have a degree; in 1963-67, there were 55 tn the first year class of whom 7 did not have a degree; in 1967-65, there were 67 in the first year class and only 7 did not have a degree. Commencing with the 1965-66 school year, no applicant will be accepted without an "undergraduate degree.

The enrollment for 1967-65 consisted of 67 first year students, 70 second year students, and 22 seniors. The first year class was chosen from 113 who applied. The class consisted of 5 6 Montana residents and 8 non-residents. However, almost half of the 67 first year students completed their undergraduate studies in schools outside of Montana. The median aptitude score of the enrolled freshmen on the basis of testing conducted by the Educational Testing Service of Princeton, New Jersey, was 520. This is above the national median for all of those who were tested from the period November '63 through August '67.

Commencing with 1965-66 dual standards for admission will be inaugurated, depending upon the classification of the applicant as a resident or a non­ resident of Montana. These standards are as follows: Non-residents must have an undergraduate index of 2.5 or better (C+) and an aptitude for law above the 57th percentile as disclosed by the nationally administered Law School Admission Test. Montana residents can qualify for admission on the basis of either of these alternatives - that is, 2.5 undergraduate index or a score above the 57th percentile on the Law School Admission Test. In no event will a resident or a non-resident be accepted who has failed to achieve a score above the 22nd percentile on the Law School Admission Test. A few students who fail to meet these requirements but who appear to be exceptionally well qualified and

337 -19-

strongly motivated, may be admitted so long as the first year class does not exceed 6 5 -

It has been decided by the law faculty, after consultation with the Uni­ versity administration and the law school advisory board, that the current facilities in the law school can accommodate 150 law students. This will mean that we can continue to accept an entering class of about 65 each year. The admissions requirements will enable us to accept all qualified applicants for the next two to three years. At that time, however, the facilities of the law school will be completely utilized and it will be necessary to make an addition to the law building. Discussions have been initiated with the University ad­ ministration, the law school advisory board, and the architect of the law building but planning will not start for a year or two. Funds may be available from sources other than state taxes so that the addition can become a reality when it is needed. The addition to the building was not included in the ten- year master building plan approved by the Board of Regents during this academic year.

At the present time, the law faculty consists of seven full time faculty members, two part time lecturers, a Dean and a Law Librarian. To accommodate an enrollment of 1 5 0 it will be necessary to add three full time faculty members and retain the two part time lecturers. This increase in the faculty is pro­ jected at the rate of one each year for the next three years. It will also require a corresponding increase in the secretarial and administrative staff. Presently, the secretarial-administrative staff consists of three people. This must be increased over the next three years by two additional administrative- clerical personnel.

In the matter of curriculum, it is the current policy of the law faculty that classes should not exceed 50 students. As soon as the freshman class exceeds 65 it will be necessary to sectionize each first year course and this will, of course, require an increase in law faculty personnel over and above the three full time faculty people projected as additions over the next three years.

J3« -11-

CURRICULUM

Two curriculum changes were made during 1967-65. The first involved the addition of a new course as an elective in the senior year. It is entitled "Legal Aid". It will be a one credit course in each semester of the senior year, supervised by an experienced Montana practitioner. The first offering of the course may be available in the second semester of the 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 school year. Explorations are currently being made of the feasibility of coordinating this program with a national program of aid to indigent criminal defendants. In the event a plan that is-, feasible academically can be coordinated with the National Defender Project of the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, it is possible that Foundation funds may be available to inaugurate the program during the coming academic year. If such a plan does evolve, the legal aid clinic will encompass the State District Courts of western Montana and the Federal Court for the Western Division, and possibly the Federal Court for the Eastern Division --at least during the summer months.

The second curriculum change involved the substitution of the degree Juris Doctor for the degree Bachelor of Laws, commencing with the graduation ceremonies of June, 1 9 6 6 . The substitution will apply to all degree applicants who matriculated in the law school having earned an undergraduate degree. This change is in conformance with a resolution adopted by the Section of Legal Ed­ ucation and Admissions to the Bar of the American Bar Association at its annual meeting August 11, 1967. The Resolution reads as follows:

WHEREAS, There is a lack of uniformity among the law schools approved by the American Bar Association as to the name of the first degree in law awarded to successful applicants; and

WHEREAS, Confusion has arisen in the minds of the pbulic as to the difference, if any, between the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree and the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree; and

WHEREAS, Both of these degrees normally signify a first professional degree in law; and

WHEREAS, Graduation from an approved law school requires the successful completion of a course of study substantially above and beyond that required for the bachelor's degree in the Arts or Sciences; and

WHEREAS, The course of study in an approved law school is comparable to or more demanding than other ^professional courses of study in which the professional doctor's degree is awarded; and

33* -12-

WHEREAS, It is deemed to be in the best interest of the public and of the legal profession that this confusion in terminology be eliminated and that the high standards of professional training and the competency of graduates of approved law schools be recognized by a uniform practice with respect to the title of the first degree in law.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT: The Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar of the American Bar Association recommends for all approved law schools favorable consideration of the conferring of the degree of Juris Doctor (J.D.) by such schools on those students who successfully complete the program leading to the first professional degree in law.

The change of degree has been approved by the Board of Regents. Students currently enrolled who did not earn an undergraduate degree prior to matriculation in the law school will receive the Bachelor of Laws degree. All students currently enrolled and all law students enrolled hereafter who have received an undergraduate degree prior to admission to the law school will receive the Juris Doctor rather than the Bachelor of Laws.

One slight ohange was made in examination procedures. Since the change from the quarter system to the semester system in the fall of 1 9 5 5 , there have been two courses in the first year (Contracts and Torts) and two courses in the second year (Commercial Transactions and Agency and Business Organizations) which have been examined at the end of the yepr. Commencing with the 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 school year, final examinations will be given in all courses at the end of each semester. This is the practice in many law schools and it is believed that it will reduce some of the pressures upon the students at the end of the year.

Our Legal Writing program continues to be a source of pride as well as a source of concern. It is a source of pride because the success of our graduates on bar examinations in other states and in the practice demonstrate that it is a valuable part of the curriculum. It is a source of concern because of the tremendous time which it devoted to it. We do not use graduate assistants or senior law students in the program, except for mechanical details of checking the accuracy of citations. Full time faculty personnel are utilited to supervise and advise in the writing phase. In the moot court part of the program in the spring semester of the first two years of law study, a total of 6 1 2 faculty man hours and 2 0 3 graduate assistant man hours were required during the current year. This work was performed over a nine week period or an average of 6 7 hours per week for faculty personnel. Two of the three faculty people involved teach courses in addition to this Legal Writing assignment. With the increase in enrollment projected for the years ahead, some changes'will be made in the Legal Writing program. We hope that they will not affect the high caliber of the program nor impair the fine training which our students receive. The additions to the full time faculty that are projected for the next three years provide for sharp increases in the work load in the Legal Writing program. This accounts in part for the increase in staff without a concomitant increase in the number of courses that will be offered.

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LAW LIBRARY

This year 1193 hooks were added to the collection and 90 were discarded. The total hook count, as of June 1, 1965, is ^-5.? 958.

The library basement was ready for use in October. Prior to October studies had determined what materials should be on each floor. This involved such factors as frequency of use, likelihood of expansion, logical organization, etc. The actual move was made from October through most of April. It was done on a part time basis in order that the library could continue to function. Space for growth (in this situation 10 years) was established for hundreds of sets. Over 35,000 volumes were moved, many to different floors. At the sane time parts of the collection were reorganized into a more logical arrangement. Another 10,000 volumes will still be shifted, but these can be moved at leisure with little burden to the regular staff.

The immediate bonus resulting from the move was the availability of the many volumes formerly stored in the basement. These included a duplicate Federal Reporter set and almost complete duplicate sets of Northeastern, Northwestern and Pacific Reporters. The next benefit derived from the move was the ability to use the Dixon fund. The fund had been accumulating over the past four years due to lack of space to place books purchased from the fund. A few of the major sets purchased are listed below:

1. annotated code 2. 1963 eh. Colorado Code 3. R.C.M. 19^-7 > extra set 4. Cox’s English Criminal Law Cases 5. Miscellaneous California pre Reporter volumes

Dixon funds were also used to bolster the law review collection. The 195^ Association of American Law Schools Report of Committees lists three groups of law reviews that they recommend. The Law Library now has all volumes in the most highly rated groups ("A" & "B"), and substantially all the law reviews in the recommended "C" group except for a few of the very early volumes. The Law Library is in substantial compliance with the AALS standards for schools having an enrollment of from 100-200 students. In some areas it is well above the standards, e.g. only 30 state codes are required, the Law Library has all the codes of all 50 annotated.

The Law Librarian is on the American Association of Law Libraries "Ex­ change of Duplicates" committee. Participation in the program netted some volumes not easily obtainable. Most notable were several copies of an out of print casebook used in conjunction with the criminal law course and desperately needed. Nearly 200 worn volumes of the NE and NW Reporter series were replaced by duplicates, saving some $600.00 in binding costs over the next 3-^ years. Other duplicates were turned over to dealers for credit, which added $360.00 to the book budget. In addition to exchanging duplicates with other libraries, an

3 4 ! -14- extensive regular exchange program involving the Montana Law Review and other state reports is maintained. This has heen augmented during the past few years. This year one state code worth over $300.00 was obtained by the program at a trifling cost to Montana.

A library exists to provide service for its public. The necessity of moving the library collection curtailed this slightly this year but the number of patrons continued to grow. The increase in enrollment automatically resulted in greater library use - and required tighter regulations on borrowing. Never­ theless, the library was able to sustain the increased load. The bench and bar of Montana - particularly western Montana - continue to use the library. One of the most common services performed by the law library staff is referral to other departments that will have the material requested. Most often this is to the Documents section of the Main Library. The faculty and students outside the law school also use the Law Library. The course in constitutional law taught by the Political Science Department makes heavy use of the library. In the summer a course in educational law is usually offered and those taking it practically settle in the library.

Cooperation with other libraries in Montana, especially the University Library, State Law Library, and the State Library Commission Library is stressed. In many cases gifts offered to the Law Library have items needed by non-legal libraries.

The Law Librarian attended the American Association of Law Libraries Con­ vention held in St. Louis June-July 1964. The American Library Association Convention was held jointly at the same time. The Law Librarian gave the "official" welcome at the Pacific Northwest Library Association meeting at Glacier Park in September 1964. The Law Librarian also met other law librarians at the Conference of Western Law Schools in Salt Lake City (1965)•

Gifts received this year included the following:

Senator Mike Mansfield - Many government documents including - U.S. Statutes at Large National Labor Relations Board Reports U.S. Constitution 1963 (Library of Congress ed.)

Senator Lee Metcalf - Federal Register

Congressman Arnold Olsen - Congressional Record

Judge W. D. Murray - Many volumes of - Federal Reporter Federal Supplement Federal Rules Decisions

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Eimnett C. Angland, Esq. Donated books "belonging to the late Judge Pray library, valued at well over $5 0 0 *0 0 .

Mr. William Conklin Federal Reporter, 1st Old Statutes and Treatises valued at $2 0 0 .0 0 .

3 * 3 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR LAW STUDENTS

An increased enrollment not only creates problems of faculty size, curriculum adequacy and building utilization, but it also creates problems of augmenting the financial aids which are available to worthy law students. There has always been a need for such assistance but the problem has been magnified by certain peripheral considerations which on the surface bear no relationship to the need of law students for financial aid. One of these peripheral matters is the changes that have taken place in legal education since World War II. There have been many changes in curriculum as well as in modes of instruction. The Law School of the University of Montana has not adopted these changes without discrimination. The faculty considered the objective of the Law School and our situation in terms of enrollment and financial resources and took the best of the developments that have originated in other law schools and tailored them to the Montana situation. In order to understand the nature of the change in legal education, it is necessary to examine what, how and who law schools teach.

The Law School of the University of Montana requires 90 semester credits for graduation. Of these 75 are in specified subject matter areas. Each student takes an average of 15 credits each semester for six semesters and the maximum that can be taken in any semester is 16. Courses have stressed the functional approach in many areas - for example, the courses in Bills and Notes and Sales are no longer offered. In their place is a course on Commercial Transactions. Similarly, separate courses in Wills, Trusts and Future Interests are not offered, but a composite course, entitled "Estate Planning," covering the subject matter is required. In the Evidence course, problems relating to the introduction of evidence are the basis of instruction in the last few weeks of the course. Legal Writing is also required in five of the six semesters of law study. In each semester the work is under the supervision of a full-time faculty member and it requires an average of five to six hours per week of each student. The techniques of law practice are not overlooked. In the course on Court Room and Office Practice, attention is given to uncontested matters - such as probates, guardianships, etc. - to contested matters - such as civil and criminal cases and administrative hearings - and to Office Practice - such as the nature and ethics of client relationships and billing for fees.

Professional Responsibility is likewise emphasized. In the President's Report in the November issue of the AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION JOURNAL, Louis F. Powell stated:

"The importance of thorough courses on Legal Ethics in the law schools can hardly be overemphasized. Nor should they be confined solely to a study of the canons; this approach is -unduly restrictive. The need is for broadly based courses on the ethical standards and professional responsibilities of a lawyer."