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Fruit Preferences of Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros Coronatus in Western Ghats, India
Bird Conservation International (2004) 14:S69–S79. BirdLife International 2004 doi:10.1017/S0959270905000249 Printed in the United Kingdom Fruit preferences of Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus in Western Ghats, India P. BALASUBRAMANIAN, R. SARAVANAN and B. MAHESWARAN Summary Food habits of Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus were studied from December 2000 to December 2001, in the Athikadavu valley, Western Ghats, India. A total of 147 individuals belonging to 18 fleshy-fruited tree species were monitored fortnightly. Thirteen fruit species, including five figs and eight non-figs, were recorded in the birds’ diet. The overall number of tree species in fruit and fruiting individuals increased with the onset of summer, the Malabar Pied Hornbill’s breeding season. The peak in fruiting is attributed to the peak in fruiting by figs. Figs formed the top three preferred food species throughout the year. During the non-breeding period (May to February), 60% of the diet was figs. During the peak breeding period (March and April), two nests were monitored for 150 hours. Ninety-eight per cent of food deliveries to nest inmates were fruits belong- ing to six species. Most fruits delivered at the nests constituted figs (75.6%). In addition, figs sustained hornbills during the lean season and should be considered “keystone species” in the riverine forest ecosystem. Two non-fig species are also important. Habitat features and local threats at Athikadavu valley were assessed. The distribution and conservation status of Malabar Pied Hornbill in the Western Ghats was reviewed. Conser- vation of hornbill habitats, particularly the lowland riparian vegetation, is imperative. -
Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros Albirostris Hunts an Adult Common Myna Acridotheres Tristis
Correspondence 119 Kemp, A. C., & Boesman, P., 2018. Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A., & de Juana, E., (eds.). Handbook Correspondence of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (Accessed from https:// www.hbw.com/node/55904 on 13 May 2018). Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris hunts Poonswad, P., Tsuji, A., & Ngampongsai, C., 1986. A comparative ecological study of an adult Common Myna Acridotheres tristis four sympatric hornbills (Family Bucerotidae) in Thailand. Acta XIX Congressus Internationalis Ornthologici. Vol. II: June 22–29, 1986, Ottawa, Canada. University The Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris is a frequent of Ottawa Press. visitor to the city of Dehradun (30.3165°N, 78.0322°E), Primrose, A. M., 1921. Notes on the “Habits of Anthracoceros albirostris, the Indo- Uttarakhand, which is surrounded by moist deciduous forest. In Burmese Pied Hornbill, in confinement.” Journal of the Bombay Natural History large campuses with good green cover, like the Forest Research Society 27 (4): 950–951. Institute (henceforth, FRI) and the Wildlife Institute of India, a few – Naman Goyal & Akanksha Saxena pairs have been recorded as year-round residents. Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18 Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail: [email protected] On 01 June 2013 at 1500 hrs we saw a flock of adult Common Mynas Acridotheres tristis perching on a sandalwood Santalum album tree in the FRI campus. Shortly, a single male Noteworthy records from Virajpet, Kodagu District, Oriental Pied Hornbill flew into the flock, grabbed a myna by its Karnataka neck, and carried it off to another tree. -
Original Research Article POLLINATION ECOLOGY AND
1 Original Research Article POLLINATION ECOLOGY AND FRUITING BEHAVIOUR IN STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICAL. (LOGANIACEAE) ABSTRACT Aims: Strychnosnux-vomica is a valuable drug plants. Knowledge on its breeding system and pollination ecology will assist future research on genetic improvement for higher yield attributes. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Silvicultural Research Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India between 2016-2018 Methodology: Pollination experiment was conducted for autogamy, geitonogamy, xenogamy, apomixis and open pollination by allocating three hundred flowers for each experiment. Phenological events, pollinator visit and their behaviour were recorded at regular intervals. Results: Pollination studies in Strychnos nux-vomica revealed mixed mating system in its flowers. Flowers are small, greenish-white, bisexual, nectariferous and emit mild sweet odour. They open during evening hours and offer pollen and nectar to the visitors. Bees, flies, wasps, butterflies, beetles and birds are the pollinators. Apis dorsata and Euploea core are the principal one and makes diurnal visit between 7.00-17.00 hours. The anther dehiscence starts at 16.00-16.15 hours. The capitate stigma receptive to pollen germination at 17.30-18.00 hours and remain in receptive state one day after complete anther dehiscence. Flowers favour cross-pollination (29.78-60.26%) however selfing is also possible (17.94-39.74%). Conclusion: Information on breeding system and pollination ecology will be helpful in developing a breeding strategy for higher fruit set and seed yield. KEYWORDS: Reproductive Biology, Breeding System, Medicinal Plant, Strychnine, Brucine INTRODUCTION Strychnosnux-vomica L. is a source of poisonous alkaloids strychnine, brucine and their derivatives [1]. -
Ecological Status of Kali River Flood Plain
Ecological Status of Kali River Flood Plain Ecological Status of Kali River Flood Plain Amit S. Yadav, Gururaja K.V., Karthik B., Rao G. R., Vishnu Mukri, Subash Chandran M.D. & Ramachandra T.V. 1. Summary The Western Ghats (Sahayadri Hills) of India also known as is identified as one of the richest regions in terms of biodiversity and it is often referred to as a “biodiversity hotspot”(Daniels, 2003). The Western Ghats is the source of 38 east flowing and 37 west flowing river systems. The ecosystem has experienced tumultuous changes due to river valley and other developmental projects in the last 60 years. Inventorying and monitoring the biodiversity and ecology of river basins would help in the formulation and implementation of appropriate conservation and management strategies in the Western Ghats. This report documents the biodiversity and ecological significance of the flood plains of Kali river basin Nearly 45 endemic to Western Ghats and 73 endemic plants to both Western Ghats and Sri Lanka were recorded from the study area. Plants such as Aristalochia indica, Arundinella metzii, Canthium parviflorum, Smithia hirsuta, Flacourtia Montana, Geissaspis cristata, Crotalaria lutescens. Rhynchospora wightiana, Trees such as Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus hirsute, Caryota urens, Garcinia indica, Holigarna arnotiana, Hopea ponga, Hydnocarpus laurifolia, Ixora brachiata, Lagerstroemia microcarapa, Litsea laevigata, Mammea suriga, Mangifera indica, Memecylon talbotianum, Myristica malabarica, Polyalthia fragrans etc., are endemic to Western Ghats. Many of the plants such as Hemidesmus indicus, Cassia fistula, Pongamia pinnata, Nothopodytes nimmoniana, Embelia ribes, Rauvolfia serpentina etc., are medicinal plants. The water quality of the streams in the Kali flood plain region is in pristine condition. -
Hornbills and Endemic Birds
NCF Technical Report No. 17 HORNBILLS AND ENDEMIC BIRDS A CONSERVATION STATUS SURVEY ACROSS THE DIVYA MUDAPPA WESTERN GHATS, INDIA T. R. SHANKAR RAMAN H ORNBILLS AND ENDEMIC BIRDS A CONSERVATION STATUS SURVEY ACROSS THE WESTERN GHATS, INDIA IVYA UDAPPA D M T. R. SHANKAR RAMAN 3076/5, IV Cross, Gokulam Park , Mysore 570 002, INDIA Web: www.ncf‐india.org; E‐mail: ncf@ncf‐india.org Tel.: +91 821 2515601; Fax +91 821 2513822 Mudappa, D. & Raman, T. R. S. 2008. Hornbills and endemic birds: a conservation status survey across the Western Ghats, India. NCF Technical Report No. 17, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore. Cover photographs Front cover: A male Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus tosses a fruit of Putranjiva roxburghii into its mouth near Dandeli (Photo: Kalyan Varma). Back cover: An Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris (right); moist forests converted to monoculture Acacia plantations in the Western Ghats of Karnataka (left; Photos: Shankar Raman) CONTENTS Acknowledgements 1 Summary 2 1. Introduction 3 2. Details of the survey 5 3. Hornbills 20 4. Endemics and bird community 30 5. Conclusions, limitations, outputs 39 6. References 44 7. Annexures 48 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the Rufford Small Grants Foundation, United Kingdom, for the financial support provided for this survey. We are also extremely grateful to the State Forest Departments of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu for permits and support for the survey. A large number of people, institutions, and local NGOs helped us during the various stages of the survey both in the field as well as at the base. -
Bird-O-Soar Population Decline of Malabar Pied Hornbill in Janjgir-Champa, Chhattisgarh
#45 Bird-o-soar 21 April 2020 Population decline of Malabar Pied Hornbill in Janjgir-Champa, Chhattisgarh Malabar Pied Hornbill perched on Bombax ceiba trees at Pacheda Village, Janjgir-Champa. © Kumar Singh. Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros to poaching (Ripley 1982; Dev 1992) and coronatus (Aves: Bucerotiformes: habitat destruction (Reddy et al. 1990; Bucerotidae) is found in the Western Ghats, Zacharias & Gaston 1999). This has caused and Dandeli, Haliyal, Kulgi, Ambika nagar drastic population decline during the last few and Ganeshgudi, Uttara Kannada District, decades. According to Pande et al. (2003), it Karnataka (between 14.750–15.4160 N and is a resident of the Konkan, Malabar and the 74.4160–74.8330 E) and Amboli, Sindhudurg Western Ghats up to an elevation of 1,000m. District, Maharashtra, Goa State are key areas for its occurrence (Mudappa & Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros Raman 2009; Sneha & Davidar 2011). It coronatus was reported by the first author in is a resident species in the peninsular hills Janjgir-Champa District of Chhattisgarh State and is also found in West Bengal and Bihar, and monitored every year. This species was northern Andhra Pradesh, the Western Ghats recorded here since 2001. There is, however, (mainly along the eastern edge), southern lack of knowledge about their presence in Maharashtra (Ratnagiri), and Sri Lanka the forest of Janjgir and Baloda block. The (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005). It is a Near first author often observed this species in Threatened species (BirdLife International the villages of Janjgir District, viz.: Jobi, 2015) and its population is declining due Birgahni, Jarve, Pacheda, Kasundi, Munund, Zoo’s Print Vol. -
Hornbill (Ocyceros Birostris) and Local Birds: a Status Survey Across Chandigarh Region, India
Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. Vol. 33(2), 151-159 (2018). Hornbill (Ocyceros birostris) and Local Birds: A status survey across Chandigarh region, India Neelam K. Sharma1, Dalip kumar2, Sushma Gupta3 and Rashmi Kohli4* 1Professor, Department of Zoology, Postgraduate Government College for Girls, Sector-42, Chandiagrh (India) 2,3Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Postgraduate Government College for Girls, Sector-42, Chandiagrh (India) 4Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Postgraduate Government College for Girls, Sector-42, Chandiagrh (India) *Corresponding Author Abstract A project was carried out in Chandigarh to survey the awareness and knowledge about the existence and distribution of various birds especially the state bird of Chandigarh i.e. Ocyceros birostris. In response to a question about their love for birds out of 827 responses 41% liked Peacock as their favourite bird, Parrot was the favourite of 25%, 2% liked all the birds, 8% did not have any favourite bird. Rest 73 persons did not respond to this question. Responding to a question about hornbill 514 persons recognized this bird and 386 did not recognize this bird even after showing the pictures along with the questionnaire. This shows that a fairly good number of people were able to recognize this bird. It was observed that 394 persons knew that this bird is State bird of Chandigarh but 506 persons did not know about it. Scope of the project was to create more awareness about this bird is needed for general public. Because despite being a State Bird of Chandiagrh, India not much are aware of it. The Hornbills belong to the family Buceritidae after the name Buceros which means “cow horn” in Greek. -
Strychnos Nux-Vomica L
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(5): 1207-1216 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Silvics, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacy of JPP 2017; 6(5): 1207-1216 Received: 01-07-2017 endangered poison nut tree (Strychnos nux-vomica L.): Accepted: 02-08-2017 A review Madhab Chandra Behera Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Madhab Chandra Behera, Tanmay Lalitendu Mohanty and Bikram Resources Management Keshari Paramanik College of Forestry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Abstract Odisha, India Strychnos nux-vomica L. (loganiaceae) is a well known drug plant in classical medicines. The species is pantropical and commonly observed in moist deciduous and semi evergreen forests. It contains poisonous Tanmay Lalitendu Mohanty alkaloids strychnine and brucine which are extensively used in many formulations with great therapeutic Assistant Professor, significance. Leaves, bark, root, fruits contain alkaloid of medicinal importance but seed is official in Department of Forest Genetic Ayurveda and other pharmacopoeias. After adopting suitable purification process, seeds of nux-vomica Resources College of Forestry, are used as an ingredient of many compound formulations in Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy systems Orissa University of Agriculture of medicines. Often seeds are used for treating debility, paralysis, dyspepsia, dysentery, chronic and Technology, Bhubaneswar, rheumatism, weakness of limbs, sexual weakness, colic, intermittent fever, malarial fever & hysteria etc. Odisha, India It is also -
Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros Albirostris In
Correspondence 155 breeding season in Kumaon (Ambedkar 1969), though this has not been reported since then (Bhargava 2017). Though it has been reported to be resting and roosting on Ipomea (Bhargava 2017), ours is probably the first report of its breeding onIpomea reeds. Residents of the area are cultivating water chestnut in these waters, and fishing is also a common activity in the area. Human disturbance could be a possible threat for the birds to leave the colony as we noticed some fishermen fishing very close to the colony during the course of our observations. Our reports from 2014, till date, confirm that a breeding population ofc .25 birds occur at this site and it appears to be one of the last few remaining sites for the nominate subspecies in India. We are thankful to Dibyendu Ash, who made us aware of the presence of this bird at Baur Reservoir, and to Kaajal Dasgupta and Saravana Janakarajan for joining us on our surveys. We thank an anonymous referee for improving the manuscript. 153. Finn’s Weaver male in breeding plumage on 22 June 2020. References Ahmed, T., Bargali, H.S., Bisht, D., Mehra, G.S. & Khan, A. 2019. Status of water birds in Haripura-Baur Reservoir, western Terai-Arc landscape, Utarakhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(9): 14158–14165. htps://doi.org/10.11609/ jot.3924.11.9.14158-14165 Ali, S., & Crook, J. H., 1960. Observations on Finn’s Baya (Ploceus megarhynchus Hume) rediscovered in the Kumaon terai, 1959. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 56 (3): 457–483. -
Those Amazing Hornbills
84 Beauty of the Beast A TRIBUTE TO BUCEROTIDS THOSE AMAZING HORNBILLS Big, boisterous and beautiful, Bucerotids from Asia and Africa are some of the world’s showiest birds - and sadly some of the most severely endangered 85 Bucorvus leadbeateri Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri, a large-sized South African ground-dwelling species. This is a male in breeding livery, possibly offering a piece of wood as a gift to a female nearby. On the opening spread, the most easily observed and photographed among Asian species - the beautiful Malabar Pied hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus. 86 TEXT BY ANDREA FERRARI PHOTOS BY ANDREA & ANTONELLA FERRARI oisy, usually conspicuous hornbills form at some roosting sites, Nand often exceptionally colorful, rather where as many as 2400 individual clumsy when perching on a high tree birds may be found. branch or on ambling the ground but absolutely unmistakable in their flap- Hornbills are omnivorous birds, eating and-glide flight and often frustratingly fruit, insects and small animals including difficult to photograph properly in their chicks, bats and small mammals. They forest habitat, hornbills certainly are cannot swallow food caught at the tip of amongst the tropical birds we cherish the beak as their tongues are too short most. For those who have been many to manipulate it, so they toss it back to times to Borneo as we have, the the throat with a jerk of the head. distinctive faraway honking call of a Typically, they are characterized by a Rhinoceros hornbill echoing across the long, down-curved bill which is forest canopy at dawn is a sound one frequently brightly colored and cannot ever forget! sometimes has a casque on the upper mandible. -
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Rec. zool. Surv. India: llO(Part-3) : 93-106, 2010 STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOUR SPECIES OF HORNBILLS FROM NORTH AND CENTRAL WESTERN GHAT-A REPORT BARID BARAN DUTTA AND RENGASAMY SAKTHIVEL Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 INTRODUCTION of our species of hornbills namely Malabar Grey The Western Ghats is one of the globally recognized Hornbill, Indian Grey Hornbill, Malabar Pied Hornbill "Hot Spots" for biodiversity in India (Mayers, 1990). It and Great Pied Hornbill (Family Bucerodidae) in some lies between 20° 12' N in the north of Navpur or areas of Western Ghats. somewhat north of river Tapati and Kanyakumari (8° STUDY AREAS 06' N, 77° 35' E) in the south and spread over six states. Chatterjee (1940) classified the Western Ghats in The Western Ghats complex encompasses southern four broad phytogeographic regions. The regions are Gujarat, western Maharashtra, Goa, western Karnataka, (i) River Tapti to Goa; (ii) River Kalinadi to Coorg; (iii) Kerala and part of Tamil Nadu (Fig. 1). It is located the Nilgiris; (iv) The Anamalai, Palanis and Cardomum between the Tropical African (Ethiopian) and the Indo hills. The present studies on hornbills were carried out Malayan biogeographic regions. Physiographically the in two regions-(i) River Tapti to Goa, covering area is somewhat flattened or flat -topped range of hills southern Gujarat, parts of Maharashtra and Goa and rise from the Arabian Sea and runs more or less parallel (ii) River Kalinadi to Coorg, which included part of with it. The major hill ranges are the Nilgiri, Annamalai, Karnataka. The states and districts that are included in Palanis and Cardamom hills. -
Research Article
Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 7, Issue, 11, pp. 14286-14290, November, 2016 ISSN: 0976-3031 Research Article AVIFAUNA DIVERSITY OF MALATWADI AND ITS VICINITY, CHANDGAD TASHIL, KOLHAPUR, SOUTHERN MAHARASHTRA Hiragond N. C., Patil M. S and Lokhande A. S Department of Zoology, Yashwantrao Chavan College, Halkarni – 416 552, Tq. Chandgad, Dt. Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Studies are carried out to record the avifauna diversity in Malatwadi and its adjacent area of Chandgad tashil in Kolhapur district of southern Maharashtra. Field work was carried out from Received 16th August, 2016 th January 2012 to October 2012. A total of 123 bird species were documented belonging to 18 orders, Received in revised form 25 58 families and 103 genera. Passeriformes alone represents 52% (64) of the total bird species September, 2016 followed by Ciconiformes (12) and Falconiformes (8). Ten orders represented by 6-2 bird species. Accepted 23rd October, 2016 th Anseriformes, Podicipediformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes and Upupiformes consists one Published online 28 November, 2016 bird species each. Among the families Accipitridae consist maximum (7) number of bird species. Fourteen families represented by 5-3 bird species and rest of the families represent one or two bird Key Words: species. Avifauna, Checklist, Chandgad, Malatwadi, Kowad Copyright © Hiragond N. C et al., 2016, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.