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Development and Analysis of a Multi-Link Suspension for Racing Applications
Development and analysis of a multi-link suspension for racing applications W. Lamers DCT 2008.077 Master’s thesis Coach: dr. ir. I.J.M. Besselink (Tu/e) Supervisor: Prof. dr. H. Nijmeijer (Tu/e) Committee members: dr. ir. R.M. van Druten (Tu/e) ir. H. Vun (PDE Automotive) Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Department Mechanical Engineering Dynamics and Control Group Eindhoven, May, 2008 Abstract University teams from around the world compete in the Formula SAE competition with prototype formula vehicles. The vehicles have to be developed, build and tested by the teams. The University Racing Eindhoven team from the Eindhoven University of Technology in The Netherlands competes with the URE04 vehicle in the 2007-2008 season. A new multi-link suspension has to be developed to improve handling, driver feedback and performance. Tyres play a crucial role in vehicle dynamics and therefore are tyre models fitted onto tyre measure- ment data such that they can be used to chose the tyre with the best characteristics, and to develop the suspension kinematics of the vehicle. These tyre models are also used for an analytic vehicle model to analyse the influence of vehicle pa- rameters such as its mass and centre of gravity height to develop a design strategy. Lowering the centre of gravity height is necessary to improve performance during cornering and braking. The development of the suspension kinematics is done by using numerical optimization techniques. The suspension kinematic objectives have to be approached as close as possible by relocating the sus- pension coordinates. The most important improvements of the suspension kinematics are firstly the harmonization of camber dependant kinematics which result in the optimal camber angles of the tyres during driving. -
Remove/Install Rack-And-Pinion Steering 11.3.10 MODEL 203 (Except 203.081 /084 /087 /092 /281 /284 /287 /292) MODEL 209
AR46.20-P-0600P Remove/install rack-and-pinion steering 11.3.10 MODEL 203 (except 203.081 /084 /087 /092 /281 /284 /287 /292) MODEL 209 P46.20-2123-09 1 Front axle carrier 23b Bolts, retaining plate to front axle 25 Steering coupling 1g Retaining plate carrier 25a Bolt, steering coupling to steering 10a Tie rod joints 23g Bolts, rack-and-pinion steering to shaft 21 Rubber bushing front axle carrier 25f Locking plate 23 Rack-and-pinion steering 23n Tapping plate 80a Lower steering shaft 23a Bolts, retaining plate to front axle 23q Oil lines retainer 105d Exhaust shielding plate carrier Modification notes 29.11.07 Value changed: Bolt, retaining plate of oil line to rack-and- Model 203 *BA46.20-P-1001-01F pinion steering Value changed: Bolted connection, rack-and-pinion *BA46.20-P-1002-01F steering to front axle carrier, 1st stage Value changed: Bolted connection of rack-and-pinion *BA46.20-P-1002-01F steering to front axle carrier, 2nd stage 30.11.07 Torque, retaining plate to front axle carrier incorporated Operation step 23, 24 *BA46.20-P-1004-01F Removing Danger! Risk of death caused by vehicle slipping or Align vehicle between columns of vehicle lift AS00.00-Z-0010-01A toppling off of the lifting platform. and position four support plates at vehicle lift support points specified by vehicle manufacturer. Danger! Risk of accident caused by vehicle starting Secure vehicle to prevent it from moving by AS00.00-Z-0005-01A off by itself when engine is running. Risk of itself. -
Motor Lubricants Market in Bulgaria
Motor Lubricants Market in Bulgaria a report by SeeNews Competitive Intelligence March 2015 2 Contents 1. Macroeconomic review and business climate in Bulgaria ................................ 4 2. Lubricants market in Bulgaria 2013 - 2014 – market size, structure, trends .. 5 2.1. Legislation – normative acts regulating the lubricants market in Bulgaria .................................. 5 2.1.1. Laws ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Regulations ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.3. Ordinances ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.4. National Standards ................................................................................................................ 5 2.2. Main stakeholders ........................................................................................................................ 6 3. Market analysis on the lubricants market in Bulgaria ..................................... 7 3.1. Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 7 3.1.1. Scope of the analysis ............................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2. Major classification bodies ................................................................................................... -
Design of Constant Velocity Coupling
Design of Constant Velocity Coupling Prof. A. A. Moghe1, Mr. Yuvraj Patil2, Mr. Mayur Pawar³, Mr. Akshaykumar Thaware4, Mr. Nitin Thorawade5 1Assistant Professor, 2,3,4,5UG Students Department of Mechanical Engineering Sppu, PVPIT, Pune, Mahrashtra, India ABSTRACT: A coupling is mechanical device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmission of power. The basic role of couplings is to join two parts of rotating elements while permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both. Presently Oldham’s coupling and Universal joints are used for parallel offset power transmission and angular offset transmission. These joints have limitations on maximum offset distance, angle, speed and result in vibrations, noise and low efficiency (below 70%). These limitations can be overcome with Thompson constant velocity (CV) coupling which offers features like minimizing side loads, higher misalignment capabilities, more operating speeds, improved efficiency of transmission and many more. The constant velocity joint is an alteration in design that offers up to 18 mm parallel offset and 21-degree angular offset, at high speeds up to 2000 or 2500 rpm at 90% efficiency. This design lowers cost of production, space requirement and simply technology of manufacture as compared too present CVJ in market. This paper presents review on constant velocity joints/couplings design and optimization. Keywords: Thompson constant velocity joint, Optimization & design, Constant velocity couplings, Parallel Offset, Angular Offset, Power Transmission. [I] INTRODUCTION The basic function of a power transmission coupling is to transmit torque from an input/driving shaft to an output/driven shaft at a specified shaft speed. -
OK Shaft Couplings Contents
OK shaft couplings Contents The clever connection 3 OK couplings explained 4 OKCX and OKFX – friction-coated shaft coupling from SKF 6 More than 50 000 connections 8 Shaft couplings OKC 045 – 090 9 OKC 100 – 190 10 OKC 200 – 400 11 OKC 410 – 490 12 OKC 500 – 520 12 OKC 530 – 1000 13 Friction-coated shaft couplings OKCX 100 – 210 14 OKCX 220 – 490 15 OKCX 500 – 690 16 OKCX 700 – 900 17 Flange couplings OKF 100 – 300 18 OKF 310 – 700 19 Hydraulic rings and propeller nuts OKTC 245 – 790 20 Your individual offer 21 Tailor-made OK couplings 22 Power transmission capacity 23 Shafts 24 Conversion tables 24 Hollow shafts for OKC couplings 25 Hollow shafts for OKF couplings 25 Modular equipment for mounting and dismounting 26 Oil 28 Approved by all leading classiication societies 28 Locating device for outer sleeve and nut 29 Mounting arrangements for OK couplings 29 The SKF Supergrip Bolt cuts downtime 30 22 The clever connection When using OK couplings for shaft connections, you are gaining ben- When the outer sleeve has reached its inal position, an interference eit from the advantages of our powerful oil injection method it is created just as if the outer sleeve had been heated and shrunk on But no heat is required, and the coupling can be removed as eas- Preparation of the shaft is simple There are no keyways to machine, ily as it was mounted no taper and no thrust ring This powerful use of friction enables the OK coupling to transmit When mounting OK coupling, a thin inner sleeve with a tapered outer torque and axial loads over the entire -
Transportation, Smuggling, and Organized Crime
TRANSPORTATION, SMUGGLING, AND ORGANIZED CRIME CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY CSD REPORTS: 1. Bulgaria’s Participation in EU Structural Funds, Sofia, 1999. ISBN 954-477-050-8 2. Social Policy Aspects of Bulgaria’s EU Accession, Sofia, 1999. ISBN 954-477-053-4 3. Preparing for EU Accession Negotiations, Sofia, 1999. ISBN 954-477-055-7 4. The Role of Political Parties in Accession to the EU, Sofia, 1999. ISBN 954-477-055-0 5. Bulgaria’s Capital Markets in the Context of EU Accession: A Status Report, Sofia, 1999. ISBN 954-477-059-3 6. Corruption and Trafficking: Monitoring and Prevention, Sofia, 2000. ISBN 954-477-078-X 7. Establishing Corporate Governance in an Emerging Market: Bulgaria, Sofia, 2000. ISBN 954-477-084-4 9. Corruption and Illegal Trafficking: Monitoring and Prevention, Second, revised and amended edition, Sofia, 2000. ISBN 954-477-087-9 10. Smuggling in Southeast Europe, Sofia, 2002. ISBN 954-477-099-2 11. Corruption, Trafficking and Institutional Reform, Sofia, 2002. ISBN 954-477-101-8 12. The Drug Market in Bulgaria, Sofia, 2003. ISBN 954-477-111-5 13. Partners in Crime: The Risks of Symbiosis between the Security Sector and Organized Crime in Southeast Europe, Sofia, 2004. ISBN 954-477-115-8 14. Weapons under Scrutiny: Implementing Arms Export Controls and Combating Small Arms Proliferation in Bulgaria, Sofia, 2004. ISBN 954-477-117-470 15. Transportation, Smuggling, and Organized Crime, Sofia, 2004. ISBN 954-477-119-0 Editorial Board: Ognian Shentov Boyko Todorov Alexander Stoyanov ISBN 954-477-119-0 ©2004 Center for the Study of Democracy All rights reserved. -
Investment Opportunities of Odessa 2011 Odessa City Council Odessa on the Map of Europe Odessa City Odessa Region Council
Odessa City Council Investment opportunities of Odessa 2011 Odessa City Council Odessa on the map of Europe Odessa City Odessa region Council Total area: 33 300 sq кm administrative center Odessa - Population: 2 388,4 thousand people of Odessa region Population density: 72 people per sq кm Number of cities: 19 Number of districts: 26 Distance Cities of the Population, from region thousand Odessa people Odessa — 1008,5 Kotovsk 260 кm 40,2 Оdessa Ilychevsk 25 кm 67,5 Belgorod-Dnestrovsky 90 кm 57,4 Izmail 220 кm 79,6 3 Odessa City Council Odessa Total area - 163 кm2 Population (as of 01.01.2011) - 1008,96 thousand people •North to South - 35 кm •West to East - 10-15 кm •Climate – moderate continental •Coldest month – January - 1 Со •Hottest month – July + 22 Со Odessa City Investment attractiveness Council 7 reasons to invest in Odessa 1. Favorable geographical location 2. Developed transport infrastructure 3. Access to Knowledge and Skills 4. Favorable business environment 5. Cost effectiveness 6.Target markets 7. High quality of life and recreation Odessa City Council Favorable geographical location Distance to the nearest regional centers of Ukraine by car: • Nikolayev - 120 кm, • Kherson - 171 кm, • Vinnitsa - 428 кm, • Dnepropetrovsk - 468 кm, • Kiev – 489 кm, • Donetsk – 731 кm, • Lvov - 970 кm. Distance to the big cities and capitals of European countries by car: • Sofia - 876 кm, • Istanbul - 1055 km, • Warsaw - 1142 кm, • Moscow – 1382 кm, • Vienna - 1439 кm, • Prague - 1597 кm, • Berlin - 1674 кm, • Rome - 2393 кm, • Brussels - 2429 кm, • Paris - 2627 кm. Odessa City Council Favourable geographical location Odessa is located at the crossroads of major international routes from Europe to Asia, from Middle East to the CIS countries. -
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 08/17/2020 1:24:40 PM
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 08/17/2020 1:24:40 PM BULGARIA: BOBOKOVS - Case Narrative As of August 16, 2020 Prefatory Note This material is distributed by the Alexandria Group International on behalf of Atanas, Plamen, and Hristina Bobokov. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Overview After ten years in power, Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borissov has grown increasingly corrupt and contemptuous of the rule of law. The ongoing protest movement on the streets of Sofia is a direct manifestation of the Bulgarian people’s dissatisfaction with and contempt for his regime. Borissov has responded to the weeks of demonstrations with police violence and by shuffling his Cabinet and proposing that Parliament elect a “grand national assembly” to make changes to the constitution. Protesters immediately dismissed the latter plan as inadequate. Barring extraordinary parliamentary support for these “reforms,” Borissov has vowed to continue in office until his electoral mandate ends in April, 2021. Meanwhile, he and his governmental allies and crony-capitalist henchmen continue to consolidate power and accelerate reversals in Bulgaria’s democratic progress. Under Borissov’s leadership, Bulgaria is rapidly returning to authoritarianism. In a solid break from its troubled communist past, the country is now politically oriented toward the west, but is no longer a democratic polity. Under Borissov, its prior pro-Soviet interests have evolved into promotion and protection of a class of governmental and socio-economic elites who dominate the nation in every sphere and control its interests at the expense of citizens’ rights. The country’s markets are ostensibly free, but the Prime Minister’s coterie exploits them by legal and extra-legal means in order to enrich itself. -
Getting Started with Lotus Suspension Analysis
VERSION 5.01 GETTING STARTED WITH LOTUS SUSPENSION ANALYSIS VERSION 5.04 The information in this document is furnished for informational use only, may be revised from time to time, and should not be construed as a commitment by Lotus Cars Ltd or any associated or subsidiary company. Lotus Cars Ltd assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this document. This document contains proprietary and copyrighted information. Lotus Cars Ltd permits licensees of Lotus Cars Ltd software products to print out or copy this document or portions thereof solely for internal use in connection with the licensed software. No part of this document may be copied for any other purpose or distributed or translated into any other language without the prior written permission of Lotus Cars Ltd. ©2015 by Lotus Cars Ltd. All rights reserved. CONTENTS 1 - INTRODUCING LOTUS SUSPENSION ANALYSIS 1.1 Overview ..................................................................................1 1.2 What is Lotus Suspension Analysis? .......................................2 1.3 Normal Uses of Lotus Suspension Analysis.............................2 1.4 Overall Concepts......................................................................2 1.5 Coordinate system ...................................................................3 1.6 Default Sign convention ...........................................................3 1.7 About the Tutorials ...................................................................4 2 - GETTING STARTED -
High Precision Rack and Pinion Main Features High Precision High Loading High Speed Low Noise Long Life-Time Quick Delivery
High Precision Rack and Pinion Main Features High Precision High Loading High Speed Low Noise Long Life-Time Quick Delivery APEX is the ONLY ONE manufacturer worldwide who produces rack strictly according to specifications regarding : Geometrical Tolerance of all Dimensions Defined Straightness, Parallelism and Perpendicularity Helical Angle and Pressure Angle with Tolerance Defined Surface Roughness of Teeth Defined Hardness and Thickness of the Hardened Layer on the Teeth. APEX is also the ONLY ONE of the world leading brands who designs and produces rack, pinion and gearbox by its own, and provides well coordinated high-quality transmission sets to fulfill different industrial requirements. 1 Content Requirement of High-Precision Rack Page 3 Declaration of Tolerance 7 Induction Hardening for Rack 11 Heat-Treatment for Pinion 12 Rack Quality and Application 13 Rack Order Code 14 Rack with Helical Teeth 15 Rack with Helical Teeth ( with Linear-Guide Interface, 90° Type ) 27 Rack with Helical Teeth ( with Linear-Guide Interface, 180° Type ) 28 APEX High Precision Pinion 29 APEX Pinion with Curvic Plate 30 Pinion Order Code 31 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( Curvic Plate / EN ISO 9409-1-A ) 32 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( Welded Plate / EN ISO 9409-1-A ) 37 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( Teeth Plate / EN ISO 9409-1-A ) 43 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( DIN 5480 / Spline ) 48 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( Keyway for APEX AF- / PII-Series ) 50 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( Keyway ) 52 Pinion with Helical Teeth ( Long Shaft with Keyway for Hollow-Shaft ) -
Tire Couplings
Tire Couplings www.koreacoupling.co.kr Coupling Selection Coupling Selection How to Select Standard Selection The Standard Selection may be used for engine driven, motor, or turbine applications. The following information is required: • Application or equipment type (motor to pump, reducer to conveyor, etc.) • Shaft diameters (mm) • Gaps between shafts (mm) • Speed (RPM) • Horsepower or torque (Nm) 1. Rating : Determine system torque. Torque is calculated as follows : kW × 9,550 kW × 974 Ⅰ. Torque (Nm) = Ⅱ. Torque (Kg.m) RPM RPM 2. Service Factor : Determine appropriate service factor from page. 5-6 3. Minimum Coupling Rating : Determine the required minimum coupling rating as follows : Minimum Coupling Rating = Service Factor x Torque (Nm) 4. Type : Select the appropriate coupling type 5. Size : Trace the Toque column to find the value that is equal or greater than value from Step 3. 6. Check : Check speed (RPM), bore, gap and dimensions. Formula Selection The Standard Selection should be used for most coupling selections. The Formula Selection procedure below should be used for: • High Peak Loads. • Brake Applications (Brake disc or brake wheel is an integral part of coupling) Using the Formula Selection and providing system peak torque and frequency, duty cycle, and brake torque rating will allow for a more refined selection. 1. High Peak Loads : Use formula A or B for applications which involve motors with higher than normal torque characteristics. Applications should also be those with intermittent operations, including shock loading, inertia effects due to starting and stopping, system-induced repetitive high peak torques. System Peak Torque is the maximum torque that can exist in the system. -
MPTA-C7c-2010
MPTA-C7c-2010 Common Causes of Tire Coupling Failures INFORMATIONAL BULLETIN Effective October 2011 – New Address 5672 Strand Ct., Suite 2, Naples, FL 34110 MPTA-C7C-2010 Common Causes of Tire Coupling Failures Contributors Baldor-Dodge-Maska Greenville, SC www.baldor.com Emerson Power Transmission Maysville, KY www.emerson-ept.com Frontline Industries Irvington, NJ www.frontlineindustries.com Lovejoy, Inc. Downers Grove, IL www.lovejoy-inc.com Magnaloy Alpena, MI www.magnaloy.com Martin Sprocket & Gear, Inc. Arlington, TX www.martinsprocket.com Maurey Manufacturing Corp. Holly Springs, MS www.maurey.com Rexnord New Berlin, WI www.rexnord.com TB Wood’s Incorporated Chambersburg, PA www.tbwoods.com Disclaimer Statement This publication is presented for the purpose of providing reference information only. You should not rely solely on the information contained herein. Mechanical Power Transmission Association (MPTA) recommends that you consult with appropriate engineers and / or other professionals for specific needs. Again, this publication is for reference information only and in no event will MPTA be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from the use of this information Abstract This publication is intended to provide users with a general overview of the most common causes of failure with elastomeric Tire couplings and their causes. Copyright Position Statement MPTA publications are not copyrighted to encourage their use throughout industry. It is requested that the MPTA be given recognition when any of this material is copied for any use. Foreword This Foreword is provided for informational purposes only and is not to be construed to be part of any technical specification.