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GRDC Southern Region Scoping Study

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GRDC Southern Region Scoping Study CSIRO AGRICULTURE AND FOOD GRDC Southern Region scoping study: Available soil information to support prediction of PAWC Output 3 Project CSP00210 Mark Thomas, Uta Stockmann, Kirsten Verburg, Jenet Austin, Mark Glover 31 May 2018 Prepared for Grains Research and Development Corporation Kaara Klepper, Manager Agronomy, Soils and Farming Systems - North Citation Thomas M, Stockmann U, Verburg K, Austin J, Glover M (2018) GRDC Southern Region scoping study: Available soil information to support prediction of PAWC. CSIRO, Australia. Copyright © Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2018. To the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of CSIRO. Important disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. CSIRO is committed to providing web accessible content wherever possible. If you are having difficulties with accessing this document please contact [email protected]. Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................ x Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... xi Possible future case studies.............................................................................................. xvi 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Context and aims ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Presentation of the available information ............................................................ 3 2 PAWC Characterisations ..................................................................................................... 4 3 Soil surveys ......................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Soil classifications of Australia ............................................................................... 7 3.2 National mapping .................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Soil profile data .................................................................................................... 11 3.4 CSIRO land evaluations ........................................................................................ 16 3.5 South Australian soil mapping ............................................................................. 23 3.6 Victorian soil mapping ......................................................................................... 24 3.7 Tasmanian soil mapping ...................................................................................... 26 4 Online access to soil-landscape polygon mapping ........................................................... 27 4.1 South Australian soil landscape mapping............................................................ 27 4.2 Victorian soil landscape mapping ........................................................................ 31 4.3 Tasmanian soil landscape mapping ..................................................................... 36 5 Geological Mapping .......................................................................................................... 42 5.1 South Australia .................................................................................................... 42 5.2 Victoria ................................................................................................................. 43 5.3 Tasmania .............................................................................................................. 44 6 Digital soil mapping information ...................................................................................... 46 6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 46 6.2 Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia ................................................................... 47 6.3 Prediction PAWC using SLGA attributes .............................................................. 55 6.4 Other local digital soil mapping ........................................................................... 55 iv | GRDC Southern Region scoping study: Available soil information to support prediction of PAWC 7 Terrain information .......................................................................................................... 62 7.1 Terrain analysis .................................................................................................... 62 7.2 Landforms and soil properties ............................................................................. 63 7.3 Terrain attributes ................................................................................................. 64 7.4 Disaggregating land systems using terrain analysis ............................................ 69 7.5 Dryland farming landscapes and scale of investigation ...................................... 69 8 Geophysics ........................................................................................................................ 71 8.1 Gamma radiometric data .................................................................................... 71 8.2 Mineralogy ........................................................................................................... 72 8.3 Ground electromagnetics .................................................................................... 73 9 Possible future case studies.............................................................................................. 74 9.1 Midnorth, SA ........................................................................................................ 74 9.2 Mallee, Victoria and SA ....................................................................................... 75 9.3 Corangamite, Victoria .......................................................................................... 77 9.4 Midlands, Tasmania ............................................................................................. 79 References 80 GRDC Southern Region scoping study: Available soil information to support prediction of PAWC | v Figures Figure 1-1. (a) The Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) is the total amount of water that a soil can store and release to different crops and is defined by its Drained Upper Limit (DUL) and its crop specific Crop Lower Limit (CLL); (b) Plant Available Water (PAW) represents the volume of water stored within the soil available to the plant at a point in time. It is defined by the difference between the current volumetric soil water content and the CLL. ................................ 2 Figure 1-2. GRDC Southern Region sub-region boundaries. ........................................................... 3 Figure 2-1. Locations of APSoil sites within the GRDC Southern Region. Dryland and irrigated cropping extents are from the May 2016 update of the Catchment Scale Land Use of Australia dataset. ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2-2. Access to geo-referenced soil PAWC characterisations of the APSoil database via Google Earth. .................................................................................................................................. 5 Figure 2-3. Access to geo-referenced soil PAWC characterisations of the APSoil database via (a) Google Earth and pop-up boxes and (b) SoilMapp; (c) and (d) APSoil discovery screens. The area is from the Midnorth, SA. ................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 3-1. Australian Soil Classification within the GRDC Southern Region. ................................ 9 Figure 3-2. SoilMapp Map Discovery tool screen shot for a location in the Midnorth, SA. ......... 11 Figure 3-3. Framegrab of SA’s NatureMaps access to data sheets for soil characterisation sites. .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 3-4. Mallee region soil pits as viewable in the Victoria Resources Online portal. ............ 13 Figure 3-5. Framegrab of Tasmania’s LISTserver access to soil sample site locations, close to the locality of Longford. .....................................................................................................................
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