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REDUCTION OF WATER SCARCITY IMPACT FOR FOOD PRODUCTION BY IMPROVING WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: INDONESIA’S EXPERIENCE TO KEEP ITS FOOD SECURITY
ARINAFRIL
Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agroecotechnology, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya Campus 30662, Ogan Ilir, Indonesia
17.508 islands; 6.000 inhabited 8 mio sq; land area 2 mio sq Rainfall : 800 – 4.000 mm/year
Indonesian Water Condition
• Conflict of interests in the use of water resources: communities in upstream and downstream areas; urban and rural people • Floods and Droughts • Conversion of Landuse and Groundwater • Water Pollution • Erosion and Sedimentation • Global Climate Change Impact • Lacks of Institutions, Community Participation and Information System
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Java Case Water Resource Infrastructure
• Imbalance between suply and demand (2003: 112.3 bio m3; 2009: 117.7; 2015: 124.2; groundwater use 73%) • Degradations of river basins: due to landuse conversion in catchment areas • Sanitation Provision: water-borne diseases • Sea water intrusion and land subsidence: Jakarta 2 – 3 cm / year • Irrigation scheme: total 7.2 mio has, only 1.7 mio has well- functioned; budget US 15 / ha
Amron, 2009
Secure Critical Insecure
CONCERNS WATER USAGE CONDITION WATER AVAILABILITY (106 m3/yr)
• Sedimentation: 40 % - 50 % POTENTIAL RELIABLE CAPACITY • Bed river degradation and critical catchment 3,221,000 692,000
UTILIZED areas: 1992 13.1 mio ha, 2010 18.5 mio ha UNUTILIZED (106 m3/yr) (106 m3/yr) • Decrease of yield‘s production: 700.000 ton 156,000 (22.5%) 536,000 (77.5%) paddy/year DMI (106 m3/yr) IRRIGATION (106 m3/yr) • Human settlement at the river body 29,000 127,000 (18.6%) (81.4 %) • Water-borne disease
DOMESTIC MUNICIPAL INDUSTRY 6 3 6 3 (10 m /yr) (106 m3/yr) (10 m /yr) 17,000 6,400 5,600 Legend : D = Domestic (10,9%) (4.1%) (3,6%) M = Municipal I = Industry 8 Nursyirwan, 2009 Source : Agenda 21
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Water Potential in Indonesia and Water Availability per Capita
Total Indonesia TP: 3221 PC: 16.8
Kalimantan Sulawesi TP: 1008 PC: 98.8 TP: 247 PC: 18.3 Papua & Maluku TP: 981 PC: 251.5
Sumatera TP: 738 PC: 18.4
Java TP: 187 PC: 1.6 Sunda Kecil Nursyirwan, 2009 TP = Total Potency (billion m3/yr) TP: 60 PC: 5.5 PC = Per Capita (1.000 m3/capita/yr) 9
Issues and Problems Impact of Water Resources Development
DEFORESTATION 18.500,000 ha in critical condition.
FLOOD DROUGHT
HIGH POPULATION SOLID WATER WASTE WASTE 11 Napitupulu, 2011) Nursyirwan, 2009 DISPOSAL
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CHALLENGES
1. Economic growth 2. Population growth 3. Changing food demand 4. Competition for water and land 5. Degrading resource base 6. Increased climate variability 7. Floods and droughts
Yamaoka and Yamamoto, 2011
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ISSUES AGRICULTURE AND WATER LINKAGES
Higher level policies dominate or contain 1. Resource use: major share of water withdrawals agricultural management policies: 2. Quality: contribute to nutrient, pesticide, soil pollution 3. Energy: irrigation pumping and link to bioenergy feedstock 4. Droughts & floods: damage to agriculture but can also help to 1. National food security strategy provide a solution 2. Consumers vs producers 5. Ecosystems: can have positive and negative impacts 3. Water resource management 6. Climate change: vulnerability to change and variability establishment 4. Decentralisation 5. Reform agenda
Parris, 2011
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National Water Resources Implementation Strategies Management Policy (NWRMP) • Develop a legal framework to enforce active • Water rights related to economic and social community participation in the planning, development, and environmental sustainability implementation, ownership, and management of water supply and sanitation facilities and services • Improving the efficiency in utilization of water • Increase investment in the user community‘s for irrigation human resource capacity • Improving coordination between forestry, • Improved the community‘s overall technical, agriculture, conservation and water resources financial, institutional and managerial capacities • Developing participatory institutions, i.e. • Emphasize environmental conservation and stakeholder management Sugiyanto, 2009
Water Resources Reform AGRIULTURE AND WATER SYSTEMS • Clarity of water resources management responsibilities between central and regional Food security • Institutional arrangement of water resources 1. Self-sufficient in staple food; management: National Water Resources Council 2. Export surplus; • Strengthening and integration of planning and implementation of water resources management Water security • Developing a network information system 1. Human needs and concerns • Strengthening public participation 2. Sectoral needs (agriculture, • Strengthening the financing system for the industry, et cetera) sustainbality Law No. 7 / 2004
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RECOMMENDATIONS (1) RECOMMENDATIONS (2)
• Strongly encouragement to implement Water • Encourage structural adjustment: agricultural Policy Reforms: Social and Environmental and water productivities concerns • Foster and facilitate technological innovation • Establish long-term vision and strategy: for 20 and development human capital - 30 years • Improve water services and the reliability of • Ensuring the resilience to climate change and water supplies variability • Comprehensive assessment and responsibilities of institutions
Sriwijaya University at a Glance
ARINAFRIL Sriwijaya University Office of International Affairs [email protected]
Terima Kasih
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Timeline 1960 - 2012 SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY
Officially announced by The First 2 campuses President, Dr. Soekarno, 1960, with 1. Palembang (20 ha) only two faculties, Economics and Law. Now 10 Faculties.
SOUTH SUMATRA
In 2013 Unsri has: Diploma Program (non-degree): 5 Undergraduate Program : 50 Graduate Program: . Masters: 20 MAP OF SOUTH . Doctorate: 4 SUMATRA . Professionals: 4 INDONESIA :
. Medical Specialist 1: 10 • Size : 1,904,569 km2 (Rank 15) with 33 provinces Medical Sprecialist 2: 1 • Population2. Indralaya ± 238 millions (712 ha) (Rank 4)
Sriwijaya University (2012) VISION Student Body and Alumni
Undergraduate 23.929 Sriwijaya University will be the best university in Indonesia at the Specialist 1 and 2 460 st STUDENT BODY second decade of the 21 century which based on research strength, Graduate 2.321 advanced in any disciplines, especially in natural resources Darmasiswa 5 development to produce only-in-God-fearing graduates, who are ALUMNI Total by March 2012 82.471 qualified, civilized, scientifically think, master and enable to implement and to apply science, technology, informatics and art to improve people welfare. Academic & Non Academic Staff ACADEMIC STAFF 1.133 BS 197 . EDUCATION MS 749 Ph.D. 181 Professor 57 Associate 383 ACADEMIC Professor RANK Assistant Professor 361 Lecturer 173 FACULTY : STUDENT RATIO 1:16 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 927 ADM. STAFF : STUDENT RATIO 1:27
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MISSIONS GOALS 1. Provide, advise and develop higher education institution in producing educated people who could 1. produce educated people who can apply, develop and create implement, develop and discover science, science, technology and art; technology and art 2. produce empirical knowledge, theory, concepts, 2. Provide, advise and develop higher methodologies, models, new information on new ways of education institution in improving empiric working which enrich science and technology and/or art; and studies, theories, concepts, methodologies, 3. develop community service by applying science for the models, new information based on new thoughts betterment and welfare of society. to enrich science and technology and or science 3. Provide, advise and develop community services in implementing and applying science and technology as its significant contributions for public welfare 4. Provide modern and efficient higher education
Time Line in the Last 4 Years • Rank 15th (Webometrics, December) in Indonesia • QS: Rank 175th in Asia according to Academic peer review, TOWARD WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY 232th according to student Exchange Inbound, 210th 2009 according to Student Exchange Outbound, 290th according to International Student Review • Rank 15th in Indonesia, 60th in ASEAN (2087 in the world) 2010 (Webometrics, July) • World Emerging University (WEU) 2009-2012 Stage 1 • Rank 9th in Indonesia, and 1363th in the world (Webometrics, 2011 July), and rank 24th in Indonesia (TESCA, the Smart Campus)
2012 • Rank 14th in Indonesia, 37th in ASEAN, 1264th in the world • World Recognizing University (WRU) 2013-2016 (Webometrics, July), rank 17th (4ICU), Stage 2 2013 • Rank 13th in Indonesia, 38th in ASEAN, 245th Asia, 1078th in the world (Webometrics, February), rank 20th (4ICU) • World Class University (WCU) 2017-2020 Stage 3 FUTURE? • World Class University
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FOREIGN STUDENTS IN SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY (per February 2013) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS Programme Male Female Total Origin Country Medical Study Program • Double Degree: Integrated Food Production and Planning 30 47 77 Malaysia Management (Mie University, Japan), Integrated Lowland 1 - 1 India Management and Planning (IHE-Unesco, Delft), Energy and - 1 1 Malaysia, but Indonesian Environment (King Mongkut‘s University of Technology, Darmasiswa Scholarship Thonburi, Thailand) 1 1 2 Poland • Graduate Programs: Utrecht University, Netherlands 1 - 1 India 1 1 2 China • Medicine: General Medicine - 1 1 Laos - 1 1 Madagascar
M-I-T Student Mobility / AIMS Programs 1 12 13 Malaysia 3 0 3 Vietnam International Collaboration Of MoEC 2 1 3 Papua New Guinea
Programs offered to international students (1) Programs offered to international students (2)
I. UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM BACHELOR PROGRAMS
BACHELOR PROGRAMS 4. Faculty of Medicine
1. Faculty of Agriculture: 5. Faculty of Economics Department of Agroecotechnology, Department of Accounting Department of Agricultural Product Technology
Department of Agribussiness 6. Faculty of Teaching and Education 2. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences: Science: Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Department of Indonesian Department of Biology Department of English
3. Faculty of Computer Sciences: 7. Faculty of Engineering Department of Informatics Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Department of Computer System Department of Information System Department of Chemical Engineering
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Programs offered to international students INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS (1) II. GRADUATE PROGRAMS • Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Universiti Utara A. MASTERS PROGRAMS Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Multimedia Universiti 1. Integrated Food Production and • Germany: Mannheim University of Applied Science, University of Management Planning Frankfurt, Potsdam Institute for Climate Change, Göttingen 2. Integrated Lowland Development and University, Gießen University; Biodiversity and Climate Research Management Planning Center, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History 3. Energy and Environment Museum 4. Mathematics Education • Japan: Okayama University, Saga University, Mie University, Kochi University, Hokkaido University B. DOCTORATE PROGRAMS 1. Agricultural Sciences • Netherlands: IHE-Unesco, Delft, Utrecht University, Maastricht University 2. Environmental Sciences 3. Law • China: Guangdong Entomological Institute, Nanjing University 4. Economics • Taiwan: Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS (2)
• Thailand: ASEAN Institute of Technology (AIT), King Mongkut‘s University of Technology in Thonburi, Kasetsart University, Walailak University, Sripatum University, Suranaree University of Technology, Naresuan University; Khon Kaen University • USA : University of Kentucky, Ohio University, Missouri University, Johns Hopkins University • Italy: University of Florence • Vietnam: Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), National Academy for Public Administration (NAPA) • Poland: University of Warsaw, Adam Mieckiewicz University • Australia: Charles Darwin University, Curtin University of Technology, Griffith University
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