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From Desolation to Reconstruction 00 Lamani Fm.Qxd 5/3/2010 8:49 AM Page Ii
00_lamani_fm.qxd 5/3/2010 8:49 AM Page i From Desolation to Reconstruction 00_lamani_fm.qxd 5/3/2010 8:49 AM Page ii Studies in International Governance is a research and policy analysis series from the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Titles in the series provide timely consideration of emerging trends and current challenges in the broad field of international governance. Representing diverse perspectives on important global issues, the series will be of interest to students and academics while serving also as a reference tool for policy-makers and experts engaged in policy discussion. To reach the greatest possible audi- ence and ultimately shape the policy dialogue, each volume will be made available both in print through WLU Press and, twelve months after publication, online under the Creative Commons License. 00_lamani_fm.qxd 5/3/2010 8:49 AM Page iii From Desolation to Reconstruction Iraq’s Troubled Journey Mokhtar Lamani and Bessma Momani, editors 00_lamani_fm.qxd 5/3/2010 8:49 AM Page iv Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for its pub- lishing activities. Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Centre for International Governance Innovation. The Centre for International Governance Innovation gratefully acknowledges support for its work program from the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication From desolation to reconstruction : Iraq’s troubled journey / edited by Mokhtar Lamani and Bessma Momani. (Studies in international governance) Co-published by Centre for International Governance Innovation. -
BAKS 16 Niu, Islam and SK.Pages
BAKS Papers, Volume 16 The British Association For Korean Studies, 2015 Islam And South Korea’s Middle East Diplomacy Niu Song Ph.D. Associate Professor at Shanghai International Studies University Niu Song is an Associate Professor at the Middle East Studies Institute at Shanghai International Studies University and research fellow at the Center For Religion and China’s National Security at Fudan University. Abstract Islam was reintroduced into South Korea during the Korean War due to the participation of the Turkish army. In its more than 50 years’ development process, the achievements of Korean Islam include the establishment of legal Islamic organizations, the construction of mosques all over the country, pilgrimage to Mecca, translation of the Koran into Korean, and the establishment of an Islamic Institute. The number of Muslims in South Korea has grown considerably. South Korea’s Middle East diplomacy began in 1957; its spheres include economic diplomacy, international contribution diplomacy, and cultural diplomacy. South Korea has gained a certain level of influence in the Middle East. South Korea’s Islamic communities take part in the government’s Middle East diplomacy at various levels, and this is a powerful supplement to official Middle East diplomacy. Key Words: South Korea; Islam; Middle East; Diplomacy; Turkey BAKS Papers 16, Summer 2015 Niu, Islam And South Korea’s Middle East Diplomacy | !60 Islam And South Korea’s Middle East Diplomacy Niu Song Since the 1970s, with the rapid development of the economy, South Korea has been among Four Asian Tigers. Its successful democratic transition in the 1980s has laid solid foundations for its economic and social development. -
The Reliable Promise of Middle Power Fighters: the ROK Military’S COIN
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ASU Digital Repository The Reliable Promise of Middle Power Fighters: The ROK Military’s COIN Success in Vietnam and Iraq by Kil-Joo Ban A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved June 2011 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Sheldon Simon, Chair Yoav Gortzak Stephen Mackinnon ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY August 2011 ABSTRACT Counterinsurgency (COIN) is a long process that even great powers struggle with. Nevertheless, South Korea as a middle power was successful with COINs in Vietnam and Iraq. What were the drivers for the Republic of Korea (ROK) military's success? This dissertation maintains that the unusual nature of missions coupled with political/socio-cultural advantages are sufficient conditions for success of the middle power COIN. COIN missions are seen as unusual to middle powers. A rare mission stimulates military forces to fight harder because they recognize this mission as an opportunity to increase their national prestige. COIN mission success is also more probable for middle powers because their forces make the best of their country's political/socio-cultural advantages. The ROK military's COINs are optimal cases to test these hypotheses. The ROK military's COIN in Vietnam was an extremely rare mission, which increased its enthusiasm. This enthusiasm was converted into appropriate capabilities. By identifying battleground dynamics, the ROK forces initially chose an enemy- oriented approach based upon the method of company-led tactical base, and then later introduced a population-led method. -
The Radical Jihadists of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Have
The radical jihadists of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have wrought terror and destruction across the Middle East, bringing already-failing states to the brink of collapse. In recent days, ISIS, or simply the ‘Islamic State’ as they now call themselves, has pushed north and west in Iraq towards the heart of Iraqi Kurdistan, executing an- yone they consider a heretic and imposing an extreme interpretation of Islamic law wherever they go. United States President Obama’s announcement on August 8 of limited airstrikes to thwart the ISIS advance and distribute humanitarian aid shows its commitment to protecting Iraq and Kurdistan. Indeed, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is the only formidable shield against the ISIS onslaught. This Asan Issue Brief argues that the Korean government also has a stake in defending the people of Iraq, and particularly those of Iraqi Kurdistan, due to its long term close ties and investment. Thus, humanitarian and diplomatic support to the KRG by Korea is urgently needed. Q. Who is ISIS and what explains its sudden rise? A totally new generation of Islamic jihadists taking advantage of the power vacu- um created by the sectarian policies of the Maliki government. ISIS is qualitatively different from the jihadists of the past, who fought against ei- ther the “near enemy” of authoritarian Arab regimes or the “far enemy” of the United States and the West. Different from Al-Qaeda, from which it was recently disowned, ISIS heralds a new chapter in the evolution of extreme jihadism. They actively use so- cial networking services such as Twitter, publish financial reports like a profit-seeking company, and release manifestos and narrated videos in fluent English to reach a glob- al audience. -
South Korea1
Version: 13 June 2014 Contributor Profile: South Korea1 Shin-wha Lee & Joon Sung Park Department of Political Science and International Relations Korea University, Seoul, Korea Other Active Armed Defense Uniformed UN UN Contribution Helicopters Significant Forces2 Budget Peacekeepers Breakdown Deployments 655,000 Attack: 60 2013: 618 MINURSO: 4 Afghanistan World Ranking US$31.85bn (19 female) experts ISAF: 350 (size) : 6th Multi-role: 189 (2.53% of GDP) (30 April 2014) MINUSTAH: 2 troops Gulf of Aden: Army 522,000 Transport: 275 2012: Ranking 35th UNAMID: 2 troops CTF-151 Navy 68,000 (23 heavy, 133 US$29.3bn UNIFIL: 321 troops Navy: 1 (inc. 28,000 medium, 119 (2.54% of GDP) (3rd largest UNMIL: 5 (3 police, DDGHM Marines) light) contributor 1 expert, 1 troop) 2011: among the UNMISS: 275 (2 UAE: Air Force Search & US$28.3bn OECD states; experts, 273 140 65,000 Rescue: 16 (2.54% of GDP) 5th largest from troops) (training Paramilitary the East Asia- UNMOGIP: 7 activities at 4,500 Anti-Submarine Pacific region) experts UAE Spec Reserve Warfare: 24 UNOCI: 2 experts Ops School) 4,500,000 Defense Spending / troop:3 approx. US$48,620 (compared to global average of approx. US$70,300) Part 1: Recent Trends During the 21st century, the Republic of Korea (hereafter, Korea) has shown a sharp decline followed by a resurgence of commitment to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations. In the early 2000s, the number of Korean UN peacekeepers was over 450. Then, from 2003 to mid-2007, the number dropped significantly and averaged about 42 over the period. -
Country of Origin Information Report Kurdistan Regional Government Area of Iraq
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IRAQ 21 MAY 2009 UK Border Agency KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IRAQ 21 MAY 2009 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE ii The main text of this COI Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 5 May 2009. Further brief information on recent events and reports has been provided in the Latest News section to 20 May 2009. 21 MAY 2009 KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IRAQ Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN KRG FROM 6 MAY 2009 TO 20 MAY 2009 REPORTS ON KRG PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 6 MAY 2009 AND 20 MAY 2009 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................1.01 Dahuk............................................................................................1.07 Erbil...............................................................................................1.08 Sulaymaniah.................................................................................1.09 Maps..............................................................................................1.10 2. ECONOMY .............................................................................................2.01 3. HISTORY ...............................................................................................3.01 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ...........................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ........................................................................................5.01 -
A Comparative Analysis of the Reactive State in Japan
THE SOURCES OF JAPANESE CONDUCT: ASYMMETRIC SECURITY DEPENDENCE, ROLE CONCEPTIONS AND THE REACTIVE BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO U.S. DEMANDS by Booseung Chang A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland November, 2014 © 2014 Booseung Chang All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Despite her enormous economic size and large population, Japan was reluctant to participate in the management of global affairs during the Cold War, but once the United States made her request clear, Japan tended to be flexible in accommodating U.S. demands. In 1988, Kent E. Calder presented the reactive state thesis (RST), calling this peculiar aspect of Japanese policy behavior reactive. According to Calder, Japanese foreign policy behavior remains to be reactive and its main explanatory variable is the fragmented governmental structure. The main arguments of this dissertation are (1) that the Japanese reactive behavior in the area of security policy indeed changed little, but (2) that the main explanatory variable is external rather than domestic. As an alternative causal variable, this thesis indicates the asymmetric security dependence on the United States. We reached these arguments through operationalization and comparison. In order to test the validity of the RST, we operationalized the concept of reactivity and applied it to the Japanese responses to the Gulf War and the Iraq War. The result showed no significant behavioral variation between the cases. In order to test the causal argument of the RST, we selected South Korea, where, unlike Japan, the executive power is highly concentrated, and compared the two countries’ responses to the two wars. -
Adult Education As a Stabilizing Response to Conflict Carolyn
Adult Education as a Stabilizing Response to Conflict Carolyn Johnstone Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Institute of Education, University of London 1 ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to examine how adult education can be part of an international response in societies recovering from conflict, which can stabilize rather than de-stabilize, thus enhancing security. The guiding hypothesis was that there has been a failure to recognize the contribution adult education can make in building a secure society, resulting in policy vacuums and under-funding of the sector. The three countries studied were Cambodia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Iraq. The study relied primarily on documentary research, but also on opportunistic data collection during periods of work in each of the three countries. By identifying common themes and practices in each specific scenario, it has been possible to determine the links between adult education and security. The findings supported the guiding hypothesis and affirmed that adult education can play a key role in stabilizing a post-conflict society. The resultant understanding of the links between adult education and societal development underpin a new framework for adult education in such societies, which balances short-term security issues with community values and the longer term requirements of society, reducing the potential for future conflict. An analytical tool and a checklist for adult education practitioners were developed as part of that framework. These could potentially inform decision making within the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom government and the British military. 2 I hereby declare that, except where explicit attribution is made, the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. -
1St Quarter-2009.Pdf
Issue 52, 1st Quarter 2009 JFQ coming next in... Global Strategic Outlook . and more in issue 53, 2d Quarter 2009 of JFQ JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY JOINT FORCE Focus on LAND Warfare 4Reconstructing Iraq’s Provinces 4Irregular Warfare Is Warfare 4EBO: Point >< Counterpoint ISSUE fifty -TWO, 1 -TWO, JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY ST Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff quarter by National Defense University Press Institute for National Strategic Studies 2009 National Defense University, Washington, DC 1070-0692(200931)52;1-Q JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Inside Issue 52, 1st Quarter 2009 NEW JFQ Dialogue from NDU Press 2 The National Defense Strategy: Striking the Right Balance Editor Col David H. Gurney, USMC (Ret.) By Robert M. Gates [email protected] From the Chairman Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. 8 Managing Editor, NDU Press Open Letter Strategic Forum 235 10 LTC Robert E. Henstrand, USA Strategic Forum 233 The Absence of Europe: Implications for International Security? George C. Maerz Letter to the Editor Defense Transformation à la française and Supervisory Editor 11 U.S. Interests Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Forum Facing a worsening economy and a war in Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley Under President Nicolas Sarkozy, France has Iraq that will be difficult to end, the next U.S. Executive Summary embarked on major changes in its national Book Review Editor Lisa M. Yambrick 13 administration may well seek a more multi- security strategy, structure, capabilities, and lateral foreign policy and closer cooperation Design Chris Dunham and Jeremy Swanston, An Interview with General George W. -
Iraq Date: 3 July 2009
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: IRQ35023 Country: Iraq Date: 3 July 2009 Keywords: Iraq – Arbil (or Erbil) – Khabat – Security situation – Political parties – Islamic groups – Athletes This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide a brief overview of the general security situation in Arbil and Khabat. 2. What groups (eg political, armed, religious) are in control in this area? Are there any reports of such groups pressuring athletes, or young men generally? If so why? 3. Are there any reports of the Asso or Party Teams? RESPONSE Location of Arbil/Irbil/Erbil Governorate and Khabat: For maps showing the location of Arbil (also spelt Irbil or Erbil) Governorate, the Erbil (City District) Area, and the location of Khabat, see maps provided in Attachment 1 and Attachment 2. According to the latter, Khabat is located within the Erbil City District and approximately 60-70 kilometres from the city centre (United Nations 2004, ‘Map of Iraq’, January http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/iraq.pdf – Accessed 24 June 2009 – Attachment 1; ‘Northern Iraq Erbil Area’ 2002, United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq website, August http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iraq/maps/362_A3_Erbil_EHS01.pdf – Accessed 24 June 2009 – Attachment 2). -
Kurdistan Regional Government Area of Iraq
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IRAQ 21 MAY 2009 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IRAQ 21 MAY 2009 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN KRG FROM 6 MAY 2009 TO 20 MAY 2009 REPORTS ON KRG PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 6 MAY 2009 AND 20 MAY 2009 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY .....................................................................................1.01 Dahuk...........................................................................................1.07 Erbil..............................................................................................1.08 Sulaymaniah................................................................................1.09 Maps.............................................................................................1.10 2. ECONOMY .........................................................................................2.01 3. HISTORY ...........................................................................................3.01 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ...................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ..................................................................................5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ............................................................................6.01 Kurdistan Regional Government................................................6.02 Relationship between the KRG and Government of Iraq...........6.04 Presidency...................................................................................6.07