THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE TRIAL OF EDMUND TBSRJMUN XIX 2021

Head Chair: Giovana Rabello Chairs: Cecília Loyola & Júlia Bettes CONTENTS

1. Introduction a. Letter from the Dais ……………………………………………………………...3 b. Committee Information ..…………………………………….……………...…..4 c. Portfolio Guidelines …………………………………………………………...... 7 d. Committee's Procedural Rules…………………………………………………..7 e. Evidence Writing………………………………………………………………………..…...10 2. The Trial's Conspectus a. Background Information ……………………………………………………...... 12 b. Current Situation……………………………………………....………………....18 c. Character Positions…………………………………………………………………………..19 d. Timeline of Pertinent Events……………………………………………………………....……………..22 3. Further Information a. Glossary………………………………………………………….………………..24 b. Guiding Questions……………………………………....……………………….25 c. Bibliography………………………………………………………….…………...26

1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE TRIAL OF EDMUND

2 LETTER FROM DAIS

Dear Delegates,

We are beyond honoured to serve you as your Chairs for the Special Committee 1 for the 19th edition of TBSRJMUN, featuring the fantastic universe of Narnia. This committee will focus on the frst book of the series ––The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – entertaining the trial of Edmund for the charge of betrayal of his family and selfsh collaboration with the White Witch of Narnia. In light of the hardships each and every one of us have faced during this pandemic ridden period, we have carefully elaborated this committee's framework to provide you with an unmatched Model UN experience –– an opportunity to enhance your negotiation skills while unleashing your full creative potential –– fascinating, to say the least! Given that this committee's scenario is purely based on the novel by C.S. Lewis, all information should essentially be extracted from this study guide and the book. However, delegates are more than welcome to take advantage of the power of imagination to explore the polychotomous perspectives in arguments and perhaps even, add extra evidence that is not mentioned in the text, as long as this does not contradict any of the existing facts or elicit any abrupt changes in the committee's scenario. With hindsight, we know that Edmund was declared innocent; but was this the right verdict? Will this court emulate this outcome or formulate a new one? Furthemore, the Trial of Edmund will introduce signifcant changes to traditional Model UN GA procedure, and therefore, the dais highly recommends that delegates scrutinize the committee-specifc guidelines which shall be explained further in this guide. If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact us via the emails below; we will endeavour to engage you in an enriching and unforgettable adventure. Shall you all be guided by the beacon of imagination in your quest to save (or not) the life of Edmund. Enjoy!

Yours Sincerely,

Giovanna Rabello Cecília Loyola Júlia Bettes The British School, Rio de Janeiro Escola Americana do Rio de Janeiro International School of Curitiba [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

3 Committee Information

The Narnian year is 1000. Tensions are escalated. The future is unknown. Edmund has collaborated with the White Witch of Narnia, Jadis – who unlawfully declares herself the Queen of Narnia – and has now been charged for the crime of treachery against his family. After following his little sister through Professor Kirke's wardrobe, Edmund is dumbfounded to discover that the magical country which she claimed to exist was indeed real. Stumbling across a sleigh carrying a pompous lady, who appears to be perfectly ft in the harsh winter conditions of that mysterious country, Edmund frst encounters the White Witch of Narnia. Conjured with amazingly hot drinks and turkish delights, Edmund believes in the Witch's promises of royal grandeur and heritage to her claimed throne, in return for bringing his siblings to her realm. The White Witch of Narnia persuading Edmund with hot chocolate

4 Ignoring Mr.Beaver's warning of the Witch's oppressive nature, Edmund returns to the Witch's castle, but without his siblings, which thus provokes a shift in the power dynamics between him and the Witch. Thrown in the dungeons of her castle, Edmund realizes he was indeed fooled, thus becoming aware of the Witch's true character, who shows no hesitation to turn animals and other creatures into stone when these disturb her. Edmund observing animals turned into stone in the White Witch's courtyard

However, as the Winter Forest begins to melt, Jadis' power diminishes gradually and she becomes conscious that Alsan, the true king, is bound to return. The Witch worries about the prophecy, which claims that four humans would defeat her and become the new monarchs of Narnia. She therefore decides to kill Edmund immediately, in order to keep the prophecy from being fulflled. Thanks to Aslan, Edmund is rescued before being executed. Yet, this shall not come at a low cost. Being held at the Narnian custody, Edmund shall be put into trial for the crime of betrayal against his family and conspiracy with the White Witch. According to the Law of Deep Magic, Jadis is entitled to kill every traitor, and if this right is refused, she has the power to make the whole of Narnia perish into fre and water. This committee should thus feature the Trial of Edmund, supposedly occuring on the frst book of the saga, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Although literary sensibility is held at a high regard, some modifcations have been made to

5 C.S Lewis' narrative, in which a full court judgement for Edmund takes place, where the White Witch of Narnia and her supporters exercise the role of the accusers; the Pevensies advocate for Edmund's redemption and Aslan is the judge. Edmund terrifed, aware of the Witch's true character amidst the melted forest

In light of this distinct scenario, the house will entertain several changes to traditional Model UN procedures, where each delegation will exercise a different role depending on their standpoint within the court. It is of utmost importance that delegates scrutinize the committee-specifc procedural rules. Moreover, any information or outcome that surpasses the time when Edmund was put into trial shall be inadmissible in this committee, given that it undermines the court's objective. Therefore, delegates should be aware of hindsight, and not be attached to the saga's known outcome, while being keen to architect evidence in a way that the verdict satisfes their own personal aims. Will Edmund be redeemed? Or shall he pay with death for his crimes? Will a verdict that reconciles all parties' interests be achieved by the judge? Or will some be prioritized over others?

6 Portfolio Guidelines

As a replacement for the conventional position paper required by traditional committees, delegates should produce a portfolio, outlining their character's position. The portfolio should be autobiographical (written in frst person), yet documents which digress far too much on the character's personal life, focusing on details that are trivial for the question at hand, will be considered weaker by the dais. Except for the third paragraph (to be explained further) delegates must restrict themselves to information that has been presented by this study guide and the novel by C.S. Lewis. Portfolios should not be less than 600 words yet not exceed 800 words, consisting of three paragraphs as follows: ❖ Paragraph 1: The chairs advise this to be the shortest paragraph of all, featuring a brief overview of the character's origins and personal background, as well as their relation and role inside the Narnian world. ❖ Paragraph 2: An outline of the situation at hand and evaluation of your character's stance and past actions that are relevant to the issue. In case you are representing an advocate, the defendant or a prosecutor, it is highly encouraged that you explore bias to convey your standpoint while reporting the past events. In case you are representing Aslan, the instructions above for this paragraph must not be taken into consideration – your role is to, instead, recount previous occurrences striving for impartiality. ❖ Paragraph 3: In this paragraph, delegates must elaborate on what they are aiming to achieve in the court session, and their motives behind this. Citing factual material from the book to support your claims is highly encouraged. Invented information shall not be tolerated in portfolio writing, as this will only be the case in evidence production, and with restrictions. In case you are exercising the role of the judge (Aslan), the aforementioned guidelines for this paragraph must be disregarded. In this case, this paragraph should feature an evaluation on whether or not each character has acted in accordance with Narnia's rule of law in particular situations, explaining the consequences for any cited infringements, according to Narnia's jurisprudence. Committee's Procedural Rules

The Role of the Dais

7 Despite Aslan occupying the position of judge in the court, the chairs should serve as the mediators of the debate, deciding on who will have the foor at each time, similarly to a traditional Model UN setting. Further, the dais will organise voting procedure and moderate caucuses, yet will not be voting on any verdict.

Personal Pronouns Given that the house should feature a court simulation, delegates should address each other as "you" and refer to themselves as "I", instead of in third person. However, this is not applicable to the delegate representing Aslan, who, as the judge of the court, should be addressed as "Your Excellency" or "Your Majesty", as the King of Narnia. Those who are representing the White Witch's followers may address her too as "Your Majesty" and refer to her as “Her Majesty”, since they recognise her as queen of Narnia.

Moderated Caucuses

At the start of the frst committee session, an opening speeches list will be set up and each delegate will have the foor to present their stance on the topic, without being asked questions, in a round-robin scheme1. After that, motions for moderated caucuses will be in order, and delegates will have the opportunity to deliver speeches on more detail-oriented aspects of Edmund's trial. After the speaking time for one speaker is exhausted, the house will move into interrogatory (which shall serve as a replacement for points of information) and thus, each interrogator will have a time of three minutes to ask questions and follow-ups to the speaker, without the necessity of the chairs' mediation between each question. Once the time for one interrogator has been exhausted, the house will then move to the next interrogator, until all interrogators have been entertained and the speaker shall therefore yield the foor back to the dais. Moreover, it should be noted that, in case another delegate in the house (be it a prosecutor, advocate, the defendant or the judge), fnds a question or response to a question inappropriate – for instance, if it cites events that have not yet

1 A way of conducting debate in which each delegate has to speak once and compulsorily; the foor "goes round" the committee

8 happened within the committee's timeframe or presents opinion-based evidence – they may unmute themselves and raise an objection, interrupting speakers at anytime. The delegate who has raised the objection will subsequently be called upon by the chairs to briefy state their reasons for objecting, and upon the dais' discretion, may have the power to refrain the validity of a statement or question, thus preventing it from being entertained. On the other hand, if the objection is considered superfuous by the dais, then the house should resume its activity, and the points raised will not be considered.

Unmoderated Caucuses and Evidence Presentation

During unmoderated caucuses, advocates and prosecutors must work individually or in groups of 1-3 in producing evidence (further instructions can be found in page 10) that exonerates or incriminates the defendant of the charge of betrayal of his family and collaboration with the White Witch of Narnia. The defendant shall behave as an advocate in this case, endeavouring to produce evidence that allows him to gain impunity. After the approval of the dais, the house will move into evidence presentation and one of the authors of the evidence will have the foor to read their piece of evidence aloud to the house (or to reproduce it in case of a recording). After the house has heard the evidence, one of the presenters will deliver a speech in favour of that evidence and subsequently be interrogated; the court will thus adhere to the same procedure as aforementioned in the "moderated caucuses section". Once the interrogation has ended, the house will then entertain one speaker against the evidence, who will also be interrogated. Once this has been concluded, the house will then move to the presentation of the next evidence. Please keep in mind that not all evidence will be presented at once; time for moderated caucuses and unmoderated caucuses will be intercalated, so that the case for the Trial of Edmund is gradually constructed while also allowing time for debate.

Verdicts and the Role of the Judge

9 During unmoderated caucuses, while the advocates and prosecutors shall be drafting new evidence, the judge will be in charge of analysing each evidence in detail and deciding on whether or not this should be admitted as a part of the information linked with the case of Edmund. The decision for the inclusion or discardment of evidence shall be accompanied by a justifcation statement (150-200 words) elaborating on the reasons why the judge has made such a decision. When the time for unmoderated caucuses is exhausted, the judge will therefore present their justifcation for each evidence to the committee, thus making the fellow delegates aware of the approval or disapproval of their evidence. It is crucial to highlight that the judge must be of utmost impartiality throughout the whole of the committee. The fact that in the book and movie Aslan was supportive of the Pevensies' and against the White Witch of Narnia and her allies shall be disregarded by this simulation for procedural purposes. On the third day of the conference, once all evidence has been fled or discarded, the judge shall deliver a fnal verdict (300-400 words) which shall decide on the innocence or guilt of Edmund for the charges of betrayal of his family and collaboration with the White Witch of Narnia, depending on the amount of evidence that has been tabled for each side. Evidence Writing

As a replacement for the traditional resolutions, delegates exercising the role of advocates or prosecutors (all except Aslan, the judge) should work – either individually or in groups of 2 or 3 – in the production of evidence that proves that Edmund is guilty or innocent of the charge of betrayal of his family against The White Witch of Narnia. Evidence may be presented in any form of tangible information that is of relevance to the court; this includes testimonies from characters who are not participating in the committee, recordings (with the transcript) of private conversations, hidden journal

10 entries, interactions between members of the committee or parts of Narnian jurisprudence that favours your characters standpoint. The dais highly encourage delegates to proft from creativity and invent plausible evidence that can be used to support their convictions in the court. However, it must be underscored that evidence that causes any abrupt change in the committee's scenario or exposes any piece of information that obliges the judge to decide on a certain verdict will not be taken into consideration by the court. Cover of the frst edition (1949) of the book ""The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe", by C.S. Lewis

All evidence must provide a strong relation with the facts mentioned in the book by C.S. Lewis and this study guide; this means that the chairs will be looking more favourably to evidence that demonstrates a high level of analysis of the behaviour, speech patterns and actions of each character, building up on existing facts and examining subtleties to construct well-planned material.

Moreover, evidence must be sent to the dais via e-mail or shared link before being presented to the house, so that it is scrutinized and any work that does not adhere to the aforementioned guidelines is disregarded. Please note that evidence shall consist solely of factual recall or reports of previous occurrences; no opinion-based data will be tolerated. Additionally, after presenting your evidence, you are likely to be questioned on the validity of such facts, and the means by which you were able to access this information. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that you think about such justifcations before presenting your evidence to the committee, to avoid being accused of citing faulty data by your fellow delegates!

11 THE TRIAL'S CONSPECTUS

Background Information

Narnian Time

The events discussed by this study guide will utilize Narnian years as the standard unit of time. It is imperative to highlight that while time in Narnia did not appear to pass at a different pace as it did on Earth (for instance, a year in either world would be the equivalent of 365 days), there is an inconsistency between the relative speed of Narnian-Time to Earth-time. For reference, please note that each year on Earth is equal to approximately 52 Narnian years.

12 The Origin of Narnia

The land of Narnia stretches from the lamppost in the Lantern Waste to the seaside castle in Cair Paravel. Although Narnia exists as an independent nation, it is surrounded by multiple other territories including Archenland, Calormen, Ettinsmoor, the Great Desert, the Unknown Land, the Southern Waste, Telmar and the Western Wild. It is found outside the human world, yet is accessible anywhere from Earth at any unexpected time, with the exception of the Wood Between the Worlds, its only known guaranteed access. It was created by Aslan, the Great Lion, in year 0, an event which was witnessed by few creatures: Jadis, The White Witch; Digory Kirke, a London boy; Polly Plummer, Frank and Andrew Ketterly. This particular group was brought into the Narnian world accidentally, as the result of a failed attempt by Kirke to transfer The White Witch from London (in the human world) back to her original world of Charm. It was also during this time that Aslan selected certain animals and magical creatures to serve as the inhabitants of Narnia, giving them all the power of speech.

Aware of the presence of Jadis, The White Witch, in Narnia, Aslan sent Kirke on a quest to retrieve a magic apple from a garden located in the far Western Wild. When he returned, the apple was planted near a river, where it immediately grew into a tree that would protect Narnia from the evil forces of the White Witch. Prior to Kirke's return to the human world, Aslan banned Jadis to the Wild Lands of the North and appointed Frank as King of Narnia, a position that was later passed on to his descendants until the Age of Winter.

13 Map of Narnia and surrounding lands Age of Winter

In the year of 900, The White Witch murdered King Frank and his sons, ultimately eliminating the majority of the lineage that had ruled Narnia since its creation. Those who were not killed fed to the neighboring territory of Archenland. The Witch then proclaimed herself as the new ruler, an event which marked the start of the Age of Winter, the darkest period in all of Narnia's history.

During her reign, Jadis utilized dark magic to cover Narnia with a thick layer of snow and ice, placing the kingdom into a permanent state of winter. She took several measures to secure absolute control over Narnia through actions such as the creation of a Secret Police, the abolition of a justice system and the punishment of all her political enemies. It was in this period that many creatures- including dwarfs, polar bears and wolves - decided to join forces with her, in an attempt to ensure their survival. The Witch also placed a heavy watch on all Narnian borders, in order to prevent any humans from entering her realm. This transformed Narnia into a dark, remote and politically isolated place, consequently making it easier for her to remain in power for nearly a century.

14 The White Witch's Castle The Pevensie Siblings

The Age of Winter neared its end in the year 1000, with the arrival of the Pevensie siblings- Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy- in Narnia. The children, originally from England, came into the Narnian world via a magical Wardrobe in Digory Kirke, then Professor Kirke's house. The Wardrobe was built from wood coming directly from the Tree of Protection. At the time in which this occurred, the Pevensies had to evacuate London in order to escape the Blitz, being reallocated to the countryside and sent to live with Professor Kirke.

The frst Pevensie to enter the Narnian world was Lucy, who came across the Wardrobe while exploring Kirke's house with her siblings. In her frst visit, Lucy met a faun who introduced himself as Mr. Tumnus and explained that she had come into the magical realm of Narnia. He then invited her to join for tea, which she instantly accepted. It was during this time that Tumnus attempted to use an enchantment on her, but ultimately failed. He then revealed to Lucy that he was following the orders of an evil Witch, Jadis, who had commanded that all Narnians report any humans in the land. However, despite his initial intentions, Tumnus did not turn Lucy in, but rather helped her escape and return to the human world through the Wardrobe.

15 Lucy Pevensie coming across the Wardrobe in Professor Kirke's house

Lucy returned to England, where she attempted to tell her siblings about the magical world she came across, yet neither of them believed her. Although she attempted to prove her story, she was incapable of doing so and eventually stopped speaking about it. However, merely days later, Lucy stumbled upon Narnia once again where she was unknowingly followed by her brother Edmund. He was shocked when he discovered that Lucy had been truthful from the very beginning and that the magical land she talked about was in fact real.

During his time there, Edmund came across a sleigh carrying the White Witch, who introduced herself as Jadis, the Queen of Narnia. She invited him to sit alongside her and offered him hot chocolate and Turkish Delights, then proceeding to tell him that she had always wanted a son like him to serve as her heir. Unaware of her true nature, Edmund told her a signifcant amount of information about his family, including that his sister Lucy had already been to Narnia before, where she had met with a faun named Tumnus. Jadis then asked Edmund to bring all four of siblings with him to the Narnian world, claiming that she would proclaim him as Prince if he were to do so. Edmund foolishly believed in her and stated that he would complete the task, then bidding farewell to the Witch.

Moments later, Edmund encountered Lucy in the forest and together they both returned to the human world. Lucy asked Edmund about his time in Narnia, yet he lied and did not tell her about meeting the White Witch. She then warned him that Narnia was ruled by a vile Witch who falsely claimed that she was the land's true Queen. Ignoring Lucy's warning, Edmund continued to plan to meet with Jadis once again and when questioned by his older siblings, Peter and Susan, lied, denying that he had actually seen Narnia.

Approximately a week later, all four Pevensie siblings were forced to use the Wardrobe as a hideaway, in an attempt to fee from Professor Kirke's housekeeper,

16 Ms. Macready. It was during this occasion that they were transported once again to Narnia, where Edmund was forced to admit his lie and apologize to Lucy.

The Pevensie Siblings (from left to right- Lucy, Susan, Peter and Edmund) during their frst time together in Narnia

The four siblings then decided to visit Mr. Tumnus, so that Lucy could introduce them to him. However, upon arriving at his home, they were surprised to fnd it empty, with an arrest warrant nailed to the door, claiming that he had been found guilty of treason against Jadis, the Queen of Narnia. Before they could decide on how to proceed, the siblings were met by a Beaver, who claimed to be Tumnus' friend and persuaded them to follow him to his home.

The Beaver then told them that Narnia was under the tyrannical rule of the White Witch, who called herself the Queen of Narnia, a false title, as he explained that the true King was Aslan, the Great Lion. The Pevensies were also told about the Golden Age Prophecy, which stated that four humans- two girls and two boys- were destined to defeat the White Witch and take her place as the rightful Kings and Queens of Narnia, restoring the land to its former glory.

Edward's Betrayal

17 It was during this time that Edward, still planning to meet Jadis, fed from the Beaver's home and escaped to her castle. The Witch was furious at him for coming alone and disobeying her orders, but Edmund foolishly confessed that he had managed to bring his siblings to Narnia. Jadis locked Edmund in her dungeon and sent her troops to fnd the remainder of the Pevensie siblings, who she later planned to assassinate in order to prevent the prophecy from fulflling itself.

Warned by the Beaver about Edmund's betrayal, the Pevensies went in pursuit of Aslan, who was said to be the only person capable of saving their brother from the clutches of the White Witch. The three of them were successful in their quest and managed to fnd Aslan's Camp, where they then told him about Edmund and pleaded for his help.

Current Situation

It is now the day of Edmund's trial. Last night, Aslan's troops managed to rescue Edmund and safely bring him into Aslan's Camp, where he has recently reunited with the remainder of his siblings. However, early this morning, the White Witch and her troops have come to Aslan's territory to deliver a message, stating that, according to Law of Deep Magic, established at the beginning of time, any traitor was hers by right. She stated that, in case the law was not fulflled and Edmund was not delivered to her custody, Narnia was doomed to perish in fre and water.

Aslan requested to have a private meeting with Jadis, in which he persuaded her to order a trial instead of having Edmund immediately sentenced to death. He claimed that, if found guilty, he would authorize the Witch to impose any punishment she saw ft over the Pevensie boy.

Thus, it was decided that Edmund Pevensie would face trial for his crime of treason against his family this afternoon, where his fate would be decided forever.

18 Aslan, the Great Lion, conferencing with the White Witch to decide upon Edmund Pevensie's fate

Character Positions

Edmund (the defendant)

Edmund Pensive is the third Pevensie sibling. He was born in 1930, and is described to have been a sweet boy before he was sent to boarding school at the age of nine with his brother Peter. After such, he turned selfsh and arrogant. During World War II, in September of 1940, he, along with his siblings, was evacuated to the countryside to stay with Professor Digory Kirke while the Germans bombed London. When his little sister Lucy told him of Narnia he doubted her until he followed her into Narnia and realized that she was telling the truth. There, he met the White Witch, or as she introduced herself: Jadis, the Queen of Narnia. She asked him to bring his siblings to her so that she could make him prince, and eventually, king, which he agreed to do, motivated by jealousy and selfshness. At the time, he didn't know she was lying, but even after being told the truth by his siblings he continued on his endeavour for the Queen. As such, he will be judged on the crimes committed against the Kingdom of Narnia and it's future rulers.

Pevensie Siblings

19 White Witch of Narnia (prosecutor)

Queen Jadis, or the White Witch, was the ruler of Narnia since the year 900. She is originally from Charn and was born long before the creation of Narnia. Her attack on Narnia came with the Hundred Year Winter, hence the name White Witch. During her rule, she banished all humans from Narnia due to the Golden Prophecy. When she came across Edmund in the year 1000, she asked him to bring his siblings to him so she could stop the prophecy from happening. Edmund did not comply, even though he tried. So she kept him prisoner and attempted to kill him before he was rescued by Aslan. Thus, she will be prosecuting Edmund for his actions against her reign and Narnia.

20 White Witch Lucy Pevensie (advocate)

Lucy is the youngest of the Pevensie children. After fnding Narnia, Edmund makes fun of her by claiming it wasn't real. Then, he follows her into the wardrobe and fnds Narnia himself but even so continues to discredit her. Even so, Lucy is a very sweet and innocent girl, who ultimately forgives him and will advocate in favor of her brother. Maugrim (prosecutor)

Maugrim is a talking wolf from Narnia and the captain of the White Witch's Secret Police. He's one of the witches most loyal followers and was the one to take Edmund to her when he arrived at the Ice Castle. He will be prosecuting Edmund alongside his queen. Aslan (judge)

Aslan is the creator and true king of Narnia, often referred to as the Great Lion. Within the committee he will act as judge with unbiased feelings and thoughts in regards to Edmund's actions. Aslan will analyze the evidence and claims being made with a dulcent lens. For the sake of the committee's procedural setting, the judge will hold impartiality in a very high regard. This modifcation will be made in relation to the novel by C.S Lewis so as to ensure a better and fairer fow of debate.

21 King Aslan of Narnia

Timeline of Pertinent Events

NARNIAN YEARS EVENT

Narnia is created by Aslan, The Great Lion, and 1 the beasts become able to talk. Digory Kirke is carried into Narnia by magic rings and plants the tree of protection. The Witch Witch Jadis arrives at Narnia but fees to the far North. Frank I becomes the King of Narnia.

Prince Col, son of Frank V (descendant of Frank I) 180 discovers the mountainous and inhabited Archenland in the South of Narnia, and thus becomes the king of the country.

22 A group of Archeland inhabitants fy across the 204 Southern desert and give rise to the Kingdom of Calormen.

The Kingdom of Calormen grows enormously 300 and becomes an Empire, colonising the western land of Telmar.

The people of Calormen who had migrated to 302 Telmar defy rule of law, and as a consequence, Aslan morphs them into irrational beasts. Telmar becomes derelict. King Gale, the tenth king of Narnia, (9th descendant of Frank I), delivers the Lone Islands from a dragon and is crowned Emperor.

NARNIAN YEARS EVENT

The two-headed Giant Pire threatens Archenland 407 and Olvin, who was the king at that time, kills him.

Pirates from the human world occupy the 460 previously derelict land of Telmar.

The Witch Witch Jadis, who had fed to the Far 898 North, returns to Narnia.

900 Start of the Long Winter.

23 The Pevensie children move to Professor Kirke's 1000 (Digory's) house in the countryside to protect themselves from the Blitz attacks occurring at that time in Britain (circa 1940 in human years). Lucy Pevensie is the frst to reach Narnia through the Magic Wardrobe during a hide-and-seek game, and subsequently her brother, Edmund, also arrives there through the same wardrobe. The latter is bribed by the White Witch of Narnia with turkish delight and promises for royal grandeur, thus being persuaded to bring the rest of his siblings to Narnia. Edmund meets the Witch Witch, but without his brothers. She is outraged by that and keeps him hostage in her dungeons, planning to kill him. Edmund is rescued by Aslan's party and returned to Narnia's custody, where he should be trialed, with Aslan being the judge.

Glossary

Archeland: The kingdom of Archeland is a country to the south of the Kingdom of Narnia. It is part of the Greater Narnian Empire.

Golden Prophecy: A prophecy that stated that the White Witch would be overthrown by two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve, which were later revealed to be the Pevensie children.

Magic Rings: They were a collection of yellow and green fnger rings created by Andrew Ketterley to take people to the Wood between Worlds and bring them back.

24 Telmarine-Narnia: The descendants of humans from Telmar that were inhabitants of the Kingdom of Narnia after the Telmarine Conquest.

Turkish Delight: A rosewater or lemon favored sweet, which Edmund Pevensie thoroughly enjoyed.

World between the Worlds: A realm that looked like a quiet forest with pools that acted as portals and allowed travel between Earth, Charn, and Narnia.

Guiding Questions

❖ In what ways was Edmund unaware of his wrongdoings?

❖ How might Edmund's previous experiences have led him to make wrong decisions?

❖ What are the implications of Edmund still attempting to bring his siblings to the White Witch after learning her true identity?

❖ What are possible consequences that would be applicable to Edmund?

❖ How may the charges against Edmund impact the other Pevensie siblings?

25 Bibliography

“Narnian Timeline.” The Chronicles of Narnia Wiki, narnia.fandom.com/wiki/Narnian_timeline.

“Telmarine.” The Chronicles of Narnia Wiki, narnia.fandom.com/wiki/Telmarine.

“Edmund Pevensie.” The Chronicles of Narnia Wiki, narnia.fandom.com/wiki/Edmund_Pevensie.

“Narnian Time.” The Chronicles of Narnia Wiki, narnia.fandom.com/wiki/Narnian_Time.

“Archenland.” The Chronicles of Narnia Wiki, narnia.fandom.com/wiki/Archenland.

“The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis - Offcial Site.” Offcial Site | Narnia.com, 8 May 2020, www.narnia.com/us/.

Lawrie, Robin, and C. S. Lewis. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Scholastic, 1996.

26