LGBT+ COMMUNITY IN IRELAND A STATISTICAL PROFILE

THE LGB/LGBT (, , BISEXUAL AND ) ACRONYM HAS EVOLVED OVER

TIME (FROM LGB TO LGBT, LGBTQ, LGBTQQ, LGBTI+). THIS USE OF THE APPLICABLE ACRONYM REFLECTS SIZE OF THE LGBT+ POPULATION EACH UNIQUE DATA SOURCE USED IN THIS PROFILE.

SAME-SEX SEXUAL SELF BEHAVIOUR OR IDENTIFICATION SAME-SEX SEXUAL SURVEYS 1.2-3.8% 5-7% ATTRACTION 1.9-10.8%

RANGE OF ESTIMATES IN 15 OTHER 2007 ESTIMATE USED BY THE RANGE OF ESTIMATES IN 8 OTHER OECD COUNTRIES (ADULT POPULATION AGED GAY & LESBIAN EQUALITY OECD COUNTRIES (ADULT POPULATION AGED 15/16+) NETWORK (GLEN) IRELAND 15/16+) (BASED ON INTERNATIONAL STUDIES)

THERE IS NO OFFICIAL ESTIMATE 45,000-142,700 187,700-262,800 71,350-405,500 OF THE LGBT+ COMMUNITY EQUIVALENT POPULATION (EST.) EQUIVALENT POPULATION (EST.) EQUIVALENT POPULATION (EST.) IN IRELAND (AGED 15+) IN IRELAND (AGED 15+) IN IRELAND (AGED 15+) IN IRELAND

Source: OECD ‘Society at a Glance 2019’ (2019) and CSO, Source: LGBT Diversity ‘LGBT Parents in Source: OECD, ‘Society at a Glance 2019’ (2019) and CSO Census 2016. The equivalent population is an indicative estimate Ireland’ (2013). The equivalent Census 2016. The equivalent population is an indicative provided by the L&RS population is an indicative estimate estimate provided by the L&RS provided by the L&RS

EMPLOYMENT 2014 2016 [N=1,706] [N=1,817]

LGBTI PEOPLE HAVE ‘OUT’ TO 17.4% EXPERIENCED POSTIVE SOME [N=263] BULLYING MOVEMENT COLLEAGUES 78% 87% TOWARD ...BUT GREATER NEGATIVE LGBTI PEOPLE HAVE ACCEPTANCE WORKPLACE 21.3% WITNESSED LGBTI AT WORK EXPERIENCES [N=321] BULLYING (BETWEEN 2014 EXIST AND 2016) ‘OUT’ TO ALL LGBT PEOPLE ARE HAVE MISSED OR COLLEAGUES 53% SKIPPED WORK TO INCREASINGLY 66% 6.4% ‘OUT’ AT WORK AVOID NEGATIVE X [N=97] TREATMENT

Source: National LGBT Federation, Burning Issues 2 (2016) Source: GLEN/BeLonG To, LGBT Ireland Study (2016)

EARNINGS PENSIONS AN EMPLOYMENT LIKELIHOOD IMPACT OF GAP PERSISTS OF BEING ON FOR LGBT PEOPLE... EMPLOYED LGBT INDIVIDALS €19m- €1.5bn- (COMPARED TO -7% (COST OF EARNINGS AND NON-LGBT PEOPLE) PENSIONS LOST) €56m €3.1bn OCED SAMPLE LESS (EU-28) LESS (EU-28)

GDP TAX REVENUE DISCRIMINATION EARNINGS IMPACT OF BUT, LGBT NEGATIVELY DISCRIMINATION IN IMPACTS ON FROM LABOUR DISCRIMINATION ON €25m- €9m- EMPLOYMENT LGBT PEOPLE (COMPARED TO -4% SOCIETY AND ON SOCIETY NON-LGBT PEOPLE) (COST OF GDP AND TAX EXISTS AS A WHOLE... €75m €28m OCED SAMPLE REVENUE LOST) LESS (EU-28) LESS (EU-28)

Source: OECD, Society at a Glance 2019 (2019) Source: European Parliament, Equality and the Fight against Racism and Xenophobia - Cost of non-Europe Report (March 2018), p.31 and EPRS (May 2019) ‘The rights of LGBTI people in the European Union’

MARRIAGES

SAME SEX MARRIAGE 372 CIVIL LEGISLATION CAME INTO EFFECT 63% COUNTRY TO APPROVE PARTNERSHIP IN NOVEMBER 2015. (56%) MARRIAGE EQUALITY / WAS ST INTRODUCED IN SAME-SEX MARRIAGE IN 2018 THERE WERE... 1 MALE UNIONS CIVIL CEREMONY 2010. BY POPULAR VOTE (SAME SEX)

THERE HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN YEARS SINCE

IRELAND IN DECRIMINALISATION 292 THE DEFINITION OF 664 37% RECENT YEARS... MARRIAGE IN THE OF SAME-SEX SEXUAL (3.2%) (44%) CONSTITUTION WAS ACTIVITY (1993) BROADENED IN 2015 22 [WHEN MARRIAGE EQUALITY UNIONS CIVIL CEREMONY TO INTRODUCE SAME-SEX SAME-SEX MARRIAGES (OPPOSITE SEX) MARRIAGE REFERENDUM HELD] (2018)

Source: CSO, Marriages (April 2019)

DISCRIMINATION / GENDER RECOGNITION LGBT+ PEOPLE OFTEN FEEL UNSAFE SHOWING

AFFECTION, HOLDING THE LGBT+ HANDS OR EXPRESSING THE GENDER COMMUNITY RECOGNITION 75% 29% THEIR IDENTITY IN PUBLIC... ACT WAS STILL [N=1,447] [N=565] PASSED IN JULY EXPERIENCE 2015 AND VERBAL ABUSE COMMENCED IN ON THE GROUNDS OF LGBTI PEOPLE REPORT OF LGBTI PEOPLE REPORT SEPTEMBER OF SEXUAL 2015 BEING VERBALLY HURT FOR HAVING BEEN VERBALLY ORIENTATION BEING LGBTI OVER THEIR HURT FOR BEING LGBTI 53% 463 LGBT+ PEOPLE ARE STILL AT LIFETIME AS RECENTLY AS 2015/6 [N=1,040] THE FIRST HIGH RISK OF CERTIFICATE WAS ISSUED IN OF LGBT PEOPLE FEEL UNSAFE VICTIMISATION, SEPTEMBER GENDER RECOGNITION SHOWING AFFECTION HARASSMENT AND WITH A SAME-SEX PARTNER 2015 CERTIFICATE APPLICATIONS

PHYSICAL ATTACKS OF REPORT (TO ) TOTAL (JULY 2015 - FEBRUARY 2019) BEING PHYSICALLY

ATTACKED IN PUBLIC 29% Source: FLAC (October

2015) ‘Briefing Note Source: Parliamentary Question, on the Lydia Foy case’ 47% ‘Gender Recognition’ (March 2019) [N=927] OF TRANSGENDER/ PEOPLE REPORT BEING OF LGBT PEOPLE FEEL UNSAFE HOLDING HANDS IN PUBLIC ...BUT ALSO 24% PHYSICALLY EXPERIENCE ATTACKED IN PUBLIC PHYSICAL ATTACKS AND SEXUAL LGBT+ PEOPLE OFTEN REPORT C 11 VIOLENCE OF LGBTI PEOPLE 60% FEELING UNSAFE REPORT BEING SEXUALLY ATTACKED SHOWING AFFECTION OF TRANSGENDER PEOPLE GENDER RECOGNITION TRANS: 22% FEEL UNSAFE EXPRESSING WITH PARTNERS 15% INTERSEX: 30% THEIR IN CERTIFICATE APPLICATIONS IN PUBLIC PUBLIC PER MONTH (JULY 2015 - FEBRUARY 2019)

Source: GLEN/BeLonG To, LGBTIreland Study (2016). Source: L&RS calculation based on the 42 The above figures are based on survey responses. month period to end-February 2019

Designed by: Oireachtas Library & Research Service June 2019 © Houses of the Oireachtas 2019 LGBT+ COMMUNITY IN IRELAND A STATISTICAL PROFILE

A HISTORY OF LGBT+ RIGHTS IN IRELAND

THE FIRST LESBIAN, GAY BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER INTERSEX (LGBTI+) NATIONAL YOUTH STRATEGY IN IRELAND (AND THE WORLD) WAS LAUNCHED IN JUNE 2018.

THE STRATEGY REFLECTS ON THE PROGRESS ACHIEVED FOR LGBTI+ YOUTH (AND THE COMMUNITY IN GENERAL) IN IRELAND SINCE THE 1980S.

1800 1980 2000 1970 1990 2010

Source: Department of Children and Youth Affairs (2018) LGBTI+ National Youth Strategy 2018-2020, p.5.

Designed by: Oireachtas Library & Research Service June 2019 © Houses of the Oireachtas 2019