Über Die Sprache in Tennyson's "Idylls of the King" in Ihrem Verhältnis Zu Malory's Horte D'arthur and Mabinogion

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Über Die Sprache in Tennyson's ÜBER DIE SPRACHE IN TENNYSON'S "IDYLLS OF THE KING" IN IHREM VERHÄLTNIS ZU MALORY'S HORTE D'ARTHUR AND MABINOGION. Die "Idylls of the King" zeigen so unverkennbare be- ziehungen zu früheren werken der englischen litteratur, dass sie der litterarhistorischen forschung ein weites gebiet der thätigkeit eröffnen. Es lassen sich sowohl beziehungen als auch direkte nachahmungen aufweisen. Man merkt, erstens, dass sie von Spenser beeinflusst worden sind, zweitens, dass sie sprachlich entschieden einen dramatischen speziell Shakespeare'schen zug haben, und drittens, dass sie mit biblischen ausdrücken und citaten stark durchsetzt sind. Vergleicht man sie jedoch mit Malory's Morte d'Arthur and Mabinogion, die Tennyson als quellen benutzt hat, dann sieht man, dass viele der "Idylls" in sprachlicher hinsieht diesen beiden werken noch mehr zu verdanken haben. Bei zweien der Idyllen "Baiin and Balan und Merlin and Vivien", hat Tennyson nur die idee von Malory genommen; aus zweien "The Last Tournament, and Guinevere" hat er nur einzelne ausdrücke entlehnt; drei "The Holy Grail, Pelleas and Ettarre, und The Coming of Arthur" verdankte er inhaltlich, sowie sprachlich, sehr viel; während die übrigen "The Marriage of Geraint, Geraint and Enid, Lancelot and Elaine, Gareth and Lynette, and The Passing of Arthur" einfach poetische be- arbeitungen von verschiedenen teilen Morte d'Arthur und Mabinogion sind. Brought to you by | University of Queensland - UQ Library Authenticated Download Date | 6/14/15 12:08 AM 474 G. P. THISTLETHWAITE, Bei der folgenden vergleichung von stellen aus Tennyson mit solchen aus Malory und Mabinogion haben wir davon abgesehen, abweichungen der erzählung in den Idylls von den ihr zugrunde liegenden erzählungen der "Morte d'Arthur" und "Mabinogion" zu berühren; nur diejenigen stellen sind citiert, die in sprachlicher hinsieht direkt oder indirekt beeinflusst sind. Wir nehmen die stellen aus Tennyson in der reihen- folge, wie die vom dichter selbst herrührende ausgäbe seiner werke sie an die hand giebt, d. h., wir beginnen mit "The Coming of Arthur", und nehmen zuletzt "The Passing of Arthur". Aber dem entspricht keineswegs die anordnung von Malory's büchern, denn Tennyson befolgt diese anordnung nicht. Viele worte und ausdrücke sind dieselben. Tennyson hat sie einfach abgeschrieben; z. b. Ten. s. 310, "the battle [army] let their horses run", vgl. Mai. Sk. I, ch. 15 "eyther bataill lete their hors renne"; Ten. s. 325 "brevis", vgl. Mai. Bk.VII, ch. l "broweys" in der entsprechenden stelle; Ten. s. 327 "a lady of great lands", vgl. Mai. Bk. VII, ch. 2 "a ladye of grete landes"; Ten. s. 327 "to do battle with him", vgl. Mai Bk. VII, ch. 13 "to doo bataill with hym"; Ten. s. 329 "there were none but few goodlier", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 3 "there was none but fewe soo goodely"; Ten. s. 330 "Anon thou shalt be met with", vgl. Mai. Bk 7, ch. 5 "thou shalt anone be met with"; Ten. s. 331 "I would reward thee worship- fully for thou smellest of the kitchen still", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 5 "he shold worshipfully rewarde hym for thou smellyst al of the kechyn"; Ten. s. 364 "yonder man is surely dead", vgl. Mabinogion s. 133 "yonder man is surely dead"; Ten. s. 397 "Arthur let proclaim a joust", vgl. Mai. Bk. 18, ch. 8 „The kynge lete crye a grete Justes"; Ten. s. 399 "I pray you lend me a shield", vgl. Mai. Bk. 18, ch. 9 "I wold praye you to lene a shelde"; Ten. s. 409 "and never woman did kindlier unto man", vgl. Mai. Bk. 18, ch. 15 "there was neuer wooman dyd more kyndelyer for man"; Ten. s. 416 Pray for my soul thou too, Sir Lancelot, as thou art a knight peerless", vgl. Mai. Bk. 18, ch. 20 "pray for my soule sir lancelot as thou arte a knyght pierles" etc. etc. An vielen stellen haben nur leichte Veränderungen platz gegriffen, z. b. Ten. s. 325 "he had not brewis enow Brought to you by | University of Queensland - UQ Library Authenticated Download Date | 6/14/15 12:08 AM DIE SPBACHE IN TENNYSON'S " IDYLLS OF THE KING" ETC. 475 I will cram his crop and sleeker shall he shine than any hog", vgl. Mai Bk. 7, ch. 1 "and he shal haue broweys every day And he shal be as fatte as a porke hog"; Ten. s: 325 "So Gareth ate his portion with young lads by the door", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7 ch. 2 "Soo Beaumayns wente to the halle dore and sette hym doune amonge boyes and laddys and there he ete sadly "; Ten. s. 325 "a goodly youth", Mal. Bk. 7, ch. 1 "one of the goodlyest yong men"; Ten. s. 330 "deemest thou that I accept thee", Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 5 "weenest thow that I alowe the"; Ebenso s. 330 "Full cowardly, or by mere un- happiness, thou hast .... slain thy master", Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 5 „thou slewest hym vnhappely and cowardly"; Ten. s. 331 "Meseems, here is much discourtesy, Setting this knave, Lord Baron, at my side ... a villain fitter to stick swine than ... sit beside a noble gentlewoman", Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 5 "sir knyghte ye are vncortoys to sette a kechyn page afore me, hym by- semeth better to stycke a swyne than to sytte afore a damoysel of hyghe parage"; Ten. s. 332 "Nay, Nay, he is not knight but knave", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. δ "Nay, this is but a knave" etc. etc. Andere stellen erweisen sich als blosse Umschreibun- gen; z. b. Ten. s. 311 "Merlin, the wise man", vgl. Mal. Bk. 3, ch. 14 "Merlin knoweth all things"; Ten. s. 324 „broad brows and fair ... high nose", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 1 "wel vysaged", Ten. s. 325 „tut, an the lad were noble, vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. I "For an he had come of gentylmen"; Ten. $.325 "couched at night with kitchen knaves", vgl. Mai Bk. 7, ch. 2 "and laye uyghtely as the boyes of the kechen"; Ten. s. 326 "and if thee chanced a joust would hurry thither", vgl. Mai Bk 7, ch. 2 "and whanne he saw ony yustynge of knyghtes that wold he see"; Ten. s. 330 "three with good blows he quieted", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 5 "and strake one vnto the dethe | and thenne another | and at the thyrd stroke he sie we the thyrdde"; Ten. s. 333 "and all at fiery speed the two shocked", vgl. Mai. Bk. 7, ch. 7 "and came to gyders as hit had ben thr' thonder"; Ten. s. 343 "Then the good king gave order to let blow his horns for hunting on the morrowmorn", Mabinoyion s. 67 "It seems best to me to go and hunt him tomorrow at break of day, and to cause general notice thereof to be given" etc. etc. Brought to you by | University of Queensland - UQ Library Authenticated Download Date | 6/14/15 12:08 AM 476 G. P. THI8TLETHWAITE, Wir finden auch eine ganze anzahl von eigentümlichen und veralteten Vokabeln und ausdrücken, die Tennyson direkt aus den betreffenden stellen in Malory entlehnt hat, z. b. Ten. s. 310 battle (für army); the long-lanced battle let their horses run; s. 325 brewis; goodly youth; s. 329 there were none but few; s. 330 unhappiness (für mischance); s. 331 wor- shipfully (für honourably); s. 336 missaid (für slander); s. 343 brand (für sword); s. 347 costrel; manchet bread; s. 397 Arthur let proclaim a joust; s. 403 He thought to do while he might yet endure; s. 409 be quickly whole (für healed); s. 411 my good days are gone; s. 413 the ghostly man; s. 414 there was dole; s. 416 make moan; s. 417 worship (für honour); s. 426 at the sacring of the mass; s. 444 a great jousts; s. 456 a-maying; s. 470 lightly (für quickly) bring me word; s. 471 as thou art lief and dear. Die alte form des re- flexivs kommt auch vor, . b. s. 404 I dread me; s. 408 she made her ready; s. 413 let me shrive me clean; s. 474 I will heal me, etc. Wie man bemerken wird, nimmt Tennyson zuweilen stellen desselben idylls aus verschiedenen büchern bei Malory; er löst sie aus dem zusammenhange, in dem sie in einer erzählung stehen, und rückt sie in eine andere er- zählung ein. Zuweilen ändert er namen, z. b. auf s. 424 bei Tennyson thut Percival ein gelübde und lässt ein solches thun, bei Malory wird dies von Gawain berichtet. Gelegent- lich werden auch thatsachen geradezu geändert. Auch kommen vielfach erweiterungen oder kürzungen vor; wie man leicht sieht, wenn man die folgenden Seiten durchliest. Obgleich Tennyson im allgemeinen eine besondere Vorliebe für angelsächsische Vokabeln und ausdrücke hat, kann man doch nicht behaupten, dass er nur solche ausdrücke aus Malory entlehnt hat. Manchmal entnimmt er angelsächsische Vokabeln und ändert sie in lateinische Vokabeln; und umgekehrt. Zu- weilen ändert er angelsächsische Vokabeln in andere angel- sächsische formen; ebenso bei lateinischen Wörtern. Bei der Untersuchung sind folgende bücher gebraucht worden: 1. The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson, Mac- millan and Co., London, 1893; 2. Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory. Original Edition of William Caxton now Brought to you by | University of Queensland - UQ Library Authenticated Download Date | 6/14/15 12:08 AM DIK SPRACHE IN TENNYSON98 "IDYLLS OF THE KING" ETC. 477 reprinted by Dr. Sommer. David Nutt, London, 1891; 3. Mabinogion, collection of Welsh Tales translated into English by Lady Charlotte Guest, Longmans, London, 1838. The Coming of Arthur. Diese idylle ist hauptsächlich aus den ersten drei büchern vom Morte d'Arthur genommen, aber mit zahlreichen ände- rungen und Zusätzen.
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