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BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography consists largely of published personal narratives and other cited documentary materials relating especially to the generals serving in the . The list is already over-long and to attempt more inclusive coverage seemed both unwise and undesirable. Thus many standard works and a vast amount of periodical literature on various aspects of the Second have been omitted. The same is true of much of the material on diplomacy which I have evaluated elsewhere. The plight of Britain's army during the winter of 1854-1855 is the subject of many investigations and reports not included below; and, of course, such titles as Hansard's Parliamentary Debates and a host historical bibliographies might also have been added. Adyre, John. A Review of the to the Winter of 7854-7855. London, 1860. From notes by a participant, a British lieutenant• colonel, written up in 1857. - Recollections of a Military Life. New York, 1895. Alexandre III. Souvenirs de Sebastopol. 3rd ed., , 1894. A collection of memoirs and accounts - only of incidental value. Andrews, M. R. S. A Lost Commander: Florence Nightingale. Garden City, 1929. Romanticized but contains numerous quotations from Miss Night• ingale's letters. Andrieux, Maurice. Le Pere Bugeaud, 7784-7849. Paris, 1951. Undocu• mented. Anitschkof. La Campagne de Crimee. Paris, 1858. Narratives of a Russian captain. Armytage, W. H. G. "Sheffield and the Crimean War: Politics and Industry 1852-1857," History Today, V (1955), 473-482. Aubry, Octave. The Second Empire. New York, 1940. Interestingly written but quite general on the Crimean War. Azan, Paul. L'Armee d'Afrique de 7830 a 7852. Paris, 1936. The best work on the subject. Bapst, Constant Germain. Le Markhal Canrobert: Souvenirs D'un Siecle. 6th ed., 6 vols., Paris, 1898--1912. Parts dictated by Canrobert. Based also on interviews, letters, and other documentation. Much of Canrobert's papers were destroyed in 1871 during the Commune. Notes he had dictated in 1862-1863 survived however. An impor• tant source. BIBLIOGRAPHY 271

Barnston, William and Roger. Letters from the Crimea and India. West• minster, 1904. Barante, Amable C. P. Brugiere, baron de. Souvenirs du Baron de Barante (1782-1866). 8 vols., Paris, 1890-1901. Has correspondence with important . Barante, a remote cousin of Hortense, knew most of the Crimean generals in Africa. Barthety, Hilarion. Le Marechal Bosquet. Pau, 1894. Based largely upon Fay and Bosquet's letters to his mother. Not very detailed and gives no hint of any friction among allied leaders in the Crimea. Baudens, M. L. La Guerre de Crimee: Les Campements, Les Ambulances, Les Hopitaux. Paris, 1858. Detailed account of French sanitation and medical conditions in the Crimea. Baxter, J. P. The Introduction of the Ironclad Warship. Cambridge, Mass., 1933. An important study. Bazancourt, C. L. baron de. Cinq mois devant Sebastopol. Paris, 1855. Personal experiences and observations from the French camp. - L' Expedition de Crimee jusqu' a La Prise de Sebastopol. 3rd ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1856. Author a literary man - specially requested by III to go to the Crimea, record what he saw, and to write an authoritative account of the expedition to the Crimea. Anti• British. Bedarrides, J. P. Journal Humoristique du Siege de Sebastopol. 2 vols., Paris, 1867. Author served in the artillery. Benson, A. C. and Esher, Viscount, eds. The Letters of Queen Victoria. 3 vols., London, 1907. A selection from Her 's letters between 1837-1861. Biddulph, H., ed. "The Expedition to Kertch, 1855," Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, XXI (1942), 128-135. - "The Assault on the Redan, 18th June 1855," JSAHR, XXI (1942), 52-54. - "The Fall of Sebastopol," JSAHR, XIX (1940), 197-199. Bonner-Smith, D. and Dewar, A. C., eds. Russian War, 1854. Baltic and Official Correspondence. London, 1943. A valuable collection of Admiralty Office correspondence. Important for naval history of the war. Bosquet, Pierre F. J. Lettres du Marechal Bosquet, 1830-1858. Paris, 1894. Selected letters from the next two entries taken to make up a memorial volume. - Lettres du Marechal Bosquet a sa Mere, 1829-1858. 4 vols., Pau, 1877-1879. An indispensable source. Letters are sketchy after 1856 but detailed and frank before this date. Important for the Algerian conquest as well as the Crimean War. - Lettres du Marechal Bosquet a ses Amis, 1837-1860. 2 vols., Pau, 1879. Important source though less so than his letters to his mother which are franker. The friends are mainly Gagneur, Rivet, and Mellinet, all generals. Boucher, Henri. Souvenirs d'un Parisien. Paris, 1909. Boulger, D. C., ed. General Gordon's Letters From the Crimea, the Danube, and Armenia. London, 1884. Gordon was 21 years old in 1854. Bournand, Francois. Le Marechal Canrobert. Paris, 1895. A popular work. Bowles, Thomas Gibson. The Declaration of Paris of 1856. London, 1900. Zl2 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brackenbury, G. The Campaign in the Cyimea. 2 vols., London, 1855-1856. A collection of descriptive sketches written on the spot. Briggs, Asa. "Crimean Centenary," Viyginia QuayteYly Review, XXX (1954),543-547. Brunon, J. "Balaclava, la charge de 1a Brigade Legere," Revue Hist01'ique de l'AYmee, X (1954), 217-240. Burnod, General, ed. Napoleon's Maxims of Way. Kansas City, Mo., n.d. Cabrol, J. F. Le Mayechal de Saint-Aynaud en Cyimee. Paris, 1895. Cabrol was the doctor who accompanied Saint-Arnaud to the East. An important day by day account describing Saint-Arnaud's deteriorat• inghealth. Callwell, E. E. The Effect of Mayitime Command on Land Campaigns since WateYloo. London, 1897. Has an interesting chapter on the Crimean War. Calthorpe, S. J. G. LetteYs fYom Headquayteys; 01', the Realities of the Way in the Cyimea. 2nd ed., 2 vols., London, 1857. Author was a member of Raglan's staff. A valuable source. Quite critical of the French. Campbell, Colin Frederick. Letteys fyom Camp to his Relatives DUYing the Siege of Sebastopol. London, 1894. Campbell then a captain. A scathing indictment of Raglan and British administration. Canonge, Frederic. Histoiye et Ayt Militaiye. 3 vols., Paris, 1905. Volume II (Part I) has a helpful bibliography of personal accounts and letters relating to the Crimean War. Case, Lynn M. Fyench Opinion on Way and Diplomacy duying the Second Empiye. Philadelphia, 1954. Cassagnac, Bernard Adolphe Granier de. Souveniys du Second Empiye. 3 vols., Paris, 1879-1882. Bonapartist and untrustworthy. Dis• appointing because the author was in a position to write an authori• tative account. Castellane, Esprit V. E. B., Marecha! Comte de. Campagnes de Cyimee, d'Italie, d'Afyique, de Chine, et de Syyie, 1848-1862: LettYes adyessees au Mayechal de Castellane pay les Mayechaux Bayaguay d'Hillieys, Niel, Bosquet, PelissieY, CanYobeyt, Vaillant, et les Generaux Changar• nier, Cler, Mellinet, Douai, etc. Paris, 1898. Important source. Error in title, it should read du Mexique instead of de Syrie. - Journal du Marechal de Castellane 1804-1862. 3rd ed., 5 vols., Paris, 1897. A basic source. Castellane kept a daily journal, was an in• timate of leading figures in the Second Empire, and was highly regarded in the army. Chalmin, Pierre. L'Officier franfais de 1815 a 1870. Paris, 1957. Cler, Jean Joseph Gustave. Reminiscences of an Officer of . New York, 1860. As a colonel, and later general, Cler was in Africa and the Crimea with the zouaves. He made the trip from GallipoIi to Varna under Bosquet. A rewriting of his notes. Clifford, Henry. Henry Cliff01'd V.C., His Letters and Sketches from the Crimea. Toronto, 1956. Edited by Clifford's grandson. A valuable collection. Cochin, Henry. Augustin Cochin 1823-1872: Ses Lettres et Sa Vie. 2 vols., Paris, 1926. Cole, David H. and Priestley, E. C. A n Outline of British Military History 1660-1937. 2nd ed., London, 1937. Collection des Ordres Generaux de l'Armee D'Orient. Before Sebastopol, BIBLIOGRAPHY Zl3

1854-1856. No page numbers. Any general order can be found by number or else by date, Saint-Arnaud's and Canrobert's number 1-208. with Pelissier the numbering begins anew, going from 1-59. Collins, H. P. "The Crimea: The Fateful Weeks," Army Quarterly, LXXI {Oct., 1955),86-96. Colvile, R. F. "The Baltic as a Theatre of War: The Campaign of 1854," Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, LXXXVI (1941), 72-80. - "The Navy and the Crimean War," JRUSI, LXXXV (1940),73-78. Companion to the Almanac or Yearbook. London, 1854-1856. Cook, Edward. The Life of Florence Nightingale. 2 vols., London, 1913. Based on thorough research and still the best work on the subject. Has fine bibliographical section. D'Ambes, Baron. Intimate Memoirs of Napoleon III. 2 vols., Boston, 1912. Edited and translated by A. R. Allinson. Author knew Louis Napo• leon on a fairly intimate basis for years. Interesting but to be used with care. De Clercq, Alexandre. Recueil des Traites de la France, 1713-1896.20 vols., Paris, 1880-1900. De Leusse, Paul. Souvenirs: Sebastopol - Reichshoffen. Paris, 1950. A collection ofletters mainly. De Guichen, Vicomte. La Guerre de Crimee (1854-1856) et l'attitude des puissances Europeennes. Paris, 1936. Thorough and heavily docu• mented. Delafield, Richard. Report of Major Richard Delafield. Washington, 1860. The reports of Delafield, McClellan, and Mordecai are the reports of the members of the "U.S. Military Commission to the Theater of War in Europe" under the orders of the Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis. They comprise analytic reports from the engineering, cavalry, and ordnance points of view respectively. Delord, Taxile. Histoire du Second Empire. 6 vols., Paris, 1868-1875. Republican, only an outline really. De Navacelle, H. Fabre. Precis des Guerres Du Second Empire. Paris, 1887. Author a colonel of artillery. De N oe, Louis R. J ., Vicomte. Les Bachi-B ozouks et les Chasseurs D' Afrique. Paris, 1861. Vivid description of the Dobrudja fiasco. Derrecagaix, Victor Bernard. Le General de Division Comte de Martimprey. Paris, 1913. The only thorough biography ofthis efficient staff officer. - Le M arechal Pelissier: Duc de Malakoff. Paris, 1911. The best work on Pelissier. Based on correspondence mainly, much of it reproduced here and in print nowhere else. Dewar, A. C., ed. Russian War 1855 - Black Sea Official Correspondence. London, 1945. Continuation of volume edited by Bonner-Smith and Dewar. D'Hauterive, Ernest. "Correspondance Inedite de Napoleon III et du Prince Napoleon," Revue des Deux Mondes, XVIII, 763-796, XIX, 51-85, 519-545. Paris, 1923-1924. Later published as a book. A valuable contribution, shows relationship and conflicting ideas of the two men. D'Ideville, Henri, Comte. Le M arechal Bugeaud d' apres sa correspondance intime et des documents inUits, 1784-1849. 3 vols., Paris, 1881. A valuable work, the best on Bugeaud. 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Douglas, G. and Ramsay, G. D., eds. The Panmure Papers, Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Fox Maule, 2nd Baron Panmure, afterwards 11th Earl of Dalhousie. 2 vols., London, 1908. An in• dispensable source. Panmure was the Secretary of State for War in Palmerston's first cabinet. Letters and despatches to and from Cowley, Raglan, Palmerston, Clarendon, and others. Du Barail, General. M es Souvenirs. 3 vols., Paris, 1895. Knew most of the generals in the Crimea when they were junior officers in . Duberly, Frances Isabella. Journal during the Russian War. London, 1855. Author's husband was a British officer. She went with him to the Crimea, to the camp behind the lines as well as at Balaclava. Du Casse, Pierre E. A., Baron. La Crimee et Sebastopol de 1853 Ii 1856: Documents I ntimes et I nedites. Paris, 1892. Letters from the Crimea by Lourmel and others. - Precis H istoriques des Operations M ilitaires en Orient de mars 1854 a septembre 1855. Paris, 1856. Duncan, Charles. A Campaign with the Turks in Asia. 2 vols., London, 1855. Duncombe, Thomas H., ed. The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Slingsby Duncombe. 2 vols., London, 1868. Important letters regard• ing the escape of Louis Napoleon from Ham. Dunoyer, Charles P. J. Le Second Empire et une nouvelle restauration. 2 vols. London, 1864. Anti-Napoleonic. Dunoyer also wrote pamphlets under the name of Barthelemy. Duprat, Pascal. Les Tables de Proscription de et de ses Complices. 2 vols., Liege, 1852. A bitter invective giving names and trades of victims of the coup d'etat - author a republican and a former representative. Eardley-Wilmot, Sydney. Life of Vice-Admiral Edmund, Lord Lyons. London, 1898. Reproduces much of Lyons' extensive correspondence. Earp, G. Butler. The History of the Baltic Campaign of 1854. London, 1857. Documents and letters furnished by Vice-Admiral Sir C. Napier. Eckstaedt, C. F. Vitzthum, Count von. St. Petersburg and London, 1852- 1864. 2 vols., Eng. trans., London, 1887. Author was the Saxon minister at St. Petersburg 1852-1853 and at London 1853-1856. A keen observer, a friend of Prince Albert and the diplomatic corps, he vacationed in Paris frequently. Engels-Janosi, Friedrich. "Once More: Three Years of the Oriental Ques• tion, 1856-1859," Journal of Central European Affairs, VII (1947), 29-37. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Memoirs. 4 vols., Eng. trans., London, 1888. Ernest II was a brother of Prince Albert, the first European prince to visit the Tuileries under Napoleon III, and somewhat of an intermediary between the of the French and the German courts. F. P. Le Marechal Pelissier, duc de Malakoff. Tours, 1892. Based on extensive research but written in a popular . Author a history professor. Falloux, A. P. F., Comte de. Memoirs of the Count de Falloux. 2 vols., London, 1898. A translation. Author the Minister of Education in Louis Napoleon's first cabinet - clerical. Fay, Ch. A. Souvenirs de la Guerre de Crimee, 1854-1856. Paris, 1867. BIBLIOGRAPHY 275

Author was the aide-de-camp of Bosquet in the Crimea. A very orthodox account, gives no hint of any real dissension - not the book Fay could have written but valuable nevertheless. Feray-Bugeaud d'Isley and Tattet. Lettres Inedites du Marechal Bugeaud. Paris, 1923. Fleury, Emile Felix, General Comte. Souvenirs du General Comte Fleury. 2 vols., Paris, 1897. A valuable source, somewhat loose on dates, frank discussion of the plan to recruit African supporters. Franz, Georg. "Der Krimkrieg, ein Wendepunkt des Europaischen Schick• sals," Geschichte in W issenschaft und U nterricht, VII (1956), 448-463. French Government. Siege de Sebastopol: Historique du Service de l' A rtiUe• rie, 1854-1856. 2 vols., Paris, 1859. A detailed account - much like Niel's. Frossard, Emilien. Lettres Ecrites D'Orient. Toulouse, 1855. Author a French protestant clergyman with the troops. Filder, C. B. The Commissariat in the Crimea. London, 1856. The Com• missary-General's detailed reply to specific criticisms of the Com• mission of Inquiry. Fortescue, J. W. A History of the British Army. 13 vols., London, 1889- 1930. A broad sweeping survey. Crimean War narrative based on Kinglake, Bazancourt, Todleben, Hamley, and material in the A rchives de la Guerre. Fowler, George. History of the War. London, 1855. Fraser's Magazine, LXVIII, 63-67. London, 1863. A very critical unsigned review of Kinglake's work. Gayot, Andre, ed. "Lettres de Fran<;ois de Guizot a Laure de Gasparin," Revue des Deux M ondes, XVII, 82-118, 366-402, 590-623. Paris, 1933. Gesscken, Friedrich Heinrich. Orientalischen Krieges 1853-1856. Berlin, 1887. Giraudeau, Fernand. La Presse Periodique de 1789 Ii 1867. Paris, 1867. Collection of letters to editor of L'Etendard dealing with censorship, particularly after 1852. Glazer, Sidney. Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Near and Middle East. n.p. 1947. Gooch, Brison D. "A Century of Historiography on the Origins of the Crimean War," American Historical Review, LXII (1956), 33-58. - "The Crimean War in Selected Documents and Secondary Works since 1940," Victorian Studies, I (1958), 271-279. Gowing, Timothy. A Soldier's Experience. Nottingham, 1902. Voice from the Ranks. London, 1954. Grandin, Leonce. Le Dernier M arechal de France. Paris, 1895. Superficial biography of Canrobert. Grazebrook, R. M., ed. "Letters from Sebastopol, 1855," JSAHR, XXXII (1954),30-33. Greville, Charles F. G. The Greville Memoirs. 8 vols., London, 1887. Subtitled, "A Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria," The first volume of the third part covers 1852-1860. Gives impressions and conversations. Greville an intimate of the leading political figures in Britain. Edited by Henry Reeve. Guedalla, Philip. The Second Empire. New York, 1922. Interesting survey. The Two Marshals. New York, 1939. Discusses careers of Bazaine and Petain. 276 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Guerard, A. L. Napoleon III. Cambridge, Mass., 1943. Guyho, Corentin. L'empire Inedite - 1855. Paris, 1892. Hallberg, Charles W. Franz Joseph and Napoleon III, 1852-1864. New York, 1955. A very fine study of Austro-French diplomatic rela• tions. Hamley, Edward Bruce. The Campaign of Sebastopol. London, 1855. Written in camp during the siege. Author later a general. - OPerations of War. London, 1878. Graphic diagnoses of a host of nineteenth century military situations. - Tke War in the Crimea. London, 1891. Written from notes taken in camp and from recollection. Hanoteau, Jean, and Bonnot, Emile. Bibliographie des Historiques des Regiments Franfais. Paris, 1913. Hardy de Pereni, Marie J. F. E. Afrique et Crimee 1850-1856. Paris, 1905. Letters and other documentation. Author later a general. Heath, Leopold George. Letters From the Black Sea During the Crimean War 1854-1855. London, 1897. Author was a British admiral. Henderson, Gavin B. Crimean War Diplomacy and other Historical Essays. Glasgow, 1947. A memorial volume containing several fine mono• graphs published earlier in a number of historical journals. Hender• son's work is among the best in the field. Hitchcock, F. O. "The Light Brigade: Was the Blunder Worth While?" Army Quaterly, LVIII (July, 1949), 194-204. Hodasevich, R. A Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol. London, 1856. Author a Pole in the Russian army - a captain - account based on notes and other memoranda. Horsetzky, General A. von. A Short History of the Chief Campaigns in Europe since 1792. London, 1909. Howard, Herbert E. "Lord Cowley on Napoleon III in 1853," English Historical Review, XLIX, 502-505. London, 1934. Hubner, Joseph Alexander, Graf von. Neuen Jahre der Erinnerungen eines Oste"eichischen Botschafters in Paris unter dem Zweiten Kaiserreich, 1851-1859. 2 vols., Berlin, 1904. Edited by his son. A Paris edition also exists. A basic source for the diplomacy of the period. Hume, John R. Reminiscences of tke Crimean Campaign. London, 1894. The diary and letters of a British major-general. Jagow, Kurt, ed. Letters of the Prince Consort 1831-1861. New York, 1938. Letters translated from the German by E. T. S. Dugdale. This work supplements Martin's nicely. Jerrold, Blanchard. The Life of Napoleon III. 4 vols., London, 1874- 1882. The "official" family biography - little of value on the Crimean War but does contain an answer to Kinglake. John Bull (London), 1850-1856. Kelly, R. D. K. An Officer's Letters to his Wife during the Crimean War. London, 1912. Kelly, Mrs. Tom. From the Fleet in tke Fifties. London, 1902. Letters from a chaplain in the British navy at Balaclava. Kinglake, Alexander William. The Invasion of the Crimea, its origin and an account of its progress down to the death of Lord Raglan. 6 vols., London, 1863-1880. Anti-French and untrustworthy in places. Kinglake was a friend and guest of Raglan in the Crimea, thus was BIBLIOGRAPHY 277

in a position to know the truth about much of which he wrote. He also had sole access to Raglan's papers after his death. Though to be used with caution, it is an important work nevertheless. For decades this was the work on the war. Klapka, Georges. La Guerre d'Orient. Geneva, 1855. Kowalewski, Egor Petrovitch. Der Krieg Russlands mit der Turkei. Leipzig, 1869. Has several large detailed maps. Ladimir, Jules. La euerre en Orient et dans la Baltique. 2 vols., Paris, 1857. La Gorce, Pierre de. Histoire du Second Empire. 4th ed., 7 vols., Paris, 1899. A fine work, especially good on foreign affairs, but tends to underrate the unpopularity of the Crimean War. - Napoleon et sa Politique. Paris, 1933. La Grande Encyclopedie. 31 vols., Paris, 1886--1902. Lake, Atwell. Kars and Our CaPtivity in Russia. 2nd ed., London, 1856. Letters from British officers. Lalanne, Ludovic. Dictionnaire Historique de la France. Paris, 1877. Lamarche, H. L'Europe et La Russie. Paris, 1857. Discussions of allied strategy on various fronts of the war by an editor of the Siecle. La Motte Rouge, Joseph-Edouard de. Souvenirs et Campagnes. 3 series, Paris, 1895-1898. Interesting and revealing source. Lamy, Etienne. Etudes sur Le Second Empire. Paris, 1895. Lancaster, T. J. "A Letter from the Crimea," Fortnightly, Nov., 1954, 336-337. Landsberg, H. "Storm of Balaclava and the Daily Weather Forecast," Scientific Monthly, Dec., 1954, 347-352. Relying on old data, Landsberg presents a modern weather map of the hurricane of 14 November, 1854. Lane-Poole, Stanley. Life of Stratford Canning: Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe. 2 vols., London, 1888. Has extensive selections from Redcliffe's correspondence. La Rousse, Pierre. Dictonnaire Universel du XIXe Siecle. 17 vols., Paris, 1866-1878. Laws, M. E. S. "Beatson's Bashi-Bazooks," Army Quarterly, LXXI (1955),80-85. Lebrun, General. Souvenirs des Guerres de Crimee et D'Italie. Paris, 1889. Le Moniteur Universel (Paris), 1844-1856. Lichtenberger, Andre. Bugeaud. Paris, 1931. Loftus, Lord . The Diplomatic Reminiscences of Lord Augustus Loftus, 1837-1862. 2 vols., London, 1892. Valuable source but not detailed enough in places. Loizillon, Henri. La Campagne de Crime: Lettres Ecrites de Crimee. Paris, 1895. A French captain's letters to his family. Lucas-Dubreton. Bugeaud. Paris, 1931. Well-documented. Lysons, David. The Crimean War from First to Last. London, 1895. Author was a British general, the first British officer ashore at the landing at Old Fort. Letters from the Crimea to his mother and sister. MacMahon, M. E. P. Maurice de. Memoires du M arechal de MacMahon Due de Magenta. Paris, 1932. MacMunn, George. The Crimea in Perspective. London, 1935. Closely follows and quotes Kinglake. Anti-French and largely a eulogy of Raglan. Magen, Hippolyte. Histoire du Second Empire. Paris, 1878. Zl8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Malmesbury, James Howard Harris, Earl of. Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. 2 vols., London, 1884. Author was a long-time friend of Louis Napoleon. Marriott, J. A. R. The Eastern Question: an historical study in European Diplomacy. 4th ed., Oxford, 1940. Good over-all summary - slightly anti-French on the conduct of the Crimean War. Martin, Louis. Le M arechal Canrobert. Paris, 1895. Martin, Theodore. Life of the Prince Consort. 5 vols., London, 1875-1880. Good on Crimean negotiations - Albert had over fifty folio volumes of correspondence on the Eastern Question, much of it quoted here. Marx, Karl. The Eastern Question. London, 1897. A reprint of letters written 1853--1856 dealing with the events of the Crimean War and current diplomacy. Marx wrote lead articles and letters for the "New York Tribune" from 1851 to 1860 without missing a week. His prediction of what would happen if Napoleon III actually went to the seat of the war came true in 1871. An interesting source that must, of course, be used with extreme care. Masquelez, M. Journal d'un officer de Zouaves. Paris, 1858. From notes taken on the spot by a French captain. Maupas, Emile de. Memoires sur le Second Empire. 4th ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1884. Based on notes - author was son-in-law of Col. Vaudry, a chief figure in the coup. Maxwell, Peter Benson. Whom Shall We Hang?: The Sebastopol Inquiry. London, 1855. A documented indictment. McClellan, George B. Report of Captain George B. McClellan. Washington, 1857. McCormick, R. C. A Visit to the Camp before Sebastopol. New York, 1855. Merrill, James M. "British-French Amphibious Operations in the Sea of Azov, 1855," Military Affairs, XX (1956), 16-27. MichofI, Nicolas V. Bibliographie des Articles de Periodiques Allemands Anglais Franfais et Italiens sur la Turquie et la Bulgarie. Sofia, 1938. Mitra, S. M. The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall. London, 1911. Over two hundred pages based on his memoranda and diaries that he intended to use for a history of the British Medical Department in the Crimea - one of Britain's chief medical officers in the war - ear• lier in India. Molenes, Paul de. Les Commentaires d'un Soldat. Paris, 1860. Describes conditions in the French army during the winter. Money, Edward. Twelve Months with the Bashi-Bazouks. London, 1857. With the British corps of Bashis. Montaudon, General. Souvenirs Militaires. Paris, 1898. Mordecai, Alfred. Report of Major Alfred Mordecai. Washington, 1860. Includes a translation of Vaillant's report. Mosse, W. E. The European Powers and the . Cambridge, Eng., 1958. - "The Triple Treaty of 15 April 1856," English Historical Review, LXVII (1952),203--229. Napoleon III. Des Idees Napoleoniennes. Paris, 1860. Written in 1838- 1840. La Politique Imperiale de I'Empereur Napoleon III 7848-7868. Paris, 1868. Proclamations and addresses. - Works of Napoleon III. 2 vols., London, 1852. BIBLIOGRAPHY 279

Nickerson, Hoffman. The Armed Horde 1793-1939. New York, 1940. A study of the rise of the mass army. Niel, Adolphe. Siege de Sebastopol: Journal des OPerations du Genie. Paris, 1858. Day by day statement of the progress of the siege - too general in some respects - fine tables of organization. Nolan, E. H. The History of the War against Russia. 2 vols., London, 1857. Tried to write an exhaustive history of the war from the British point of view - has excellent biographical sketches and some correspondence. Ollivier, Emile. L'Empire Liberal. 17 vols., Paris, 1895-1917. Paget, George A. F. Extracts from the Letters and Journal of General Lord George Paget during the Crimean War. London, 1881. Author served with the Light Cavalry Brigade - a valuable source for the Charge of the Light Brigade. Palm, F. C. England and Napoleon III. Durham, N. C., 1948. Parker, C. S. Life and Letters of Sir James Graham. 2 vols., London, 1907. Peard, George Shuldham. Campaign in the Crimea. London, 1855. From a journal kept almost daily from July 18, 1854 to January 12, 1855 by a British lieutenant. Pearse, Hugh, ed. The Crimean Diary and Letters of Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Ash Windham. London, 1897. Persigny, Fialin Duc de. Memoires du Duc de Persigny. Paris, 1896. A series of isolated and unconnected recollections - of little real value. Pick, Eugene. Les Fastes de la Grande Armee d'Orient. 7th ed., Paris, 1857. Has letters and other documentary material. Provostiere, L. de lao Deux M arechaux de France : MacMahon et Canrobert. Lille, 1897. Popular and undocumented. Quatrelles l'Epine, Maurice. Le Marechal de Saint-Arnaud, 1798-1854, d'apres sa correspondance et des documents inedits. 2 vols., Paris, 1928-1929. Fine monograph based on thorough research. Reproduces much of the correspondence used - the best biography of Saint• Arnaud. Randon, Jacques L. C. A. marechal comte. M emoires du M arechal Randon. 2 vols., Paris, 1875-1877. Important source for material relating to Algeria. Reid, Douglas Arthur. Memories of the Crimean War. London, 1911. Author a British surgeon. This work based on eighty weekly letters written home from the seat of the war. Revol, Lt. Col. J. F. "Etudes sur Ie Haut Commandement en Crimee," Revue Militaire Franyaise, VII, 73-109, 234-256, 289-313, VIII, 51-82. Paris, 1923. Leans heavily on Kinglake, Bazancourt, Rousset, and the letters ofCanrobert and Saint-Arnaud. Series of unconnected sketches - good as far as they go. Robbins, M. "The Balaclava Railway," Journal of Transport History, I (1953),28-43; and II (1955), 51-52 for "A Footnote" to the above. Robinson, Frederick. Diary of the Crimean War. London, 1856. Written by a British surgeon. Ross-of-Bladensburg, John Foster George. The Coldstream Guards in the Crimea. London, 1897. Rousset, Camille. La conquete de l'Algerie 1841-1857.2 vols., Paris, 1904. - Histoire de la Guerre de Crimee. 2 vols., Paris, 1897. A very fine work• reproduces a great deal of correspondence. 280 BIBLIOGRAPHY

- Les commencements d'une conquOte; l'Algerie de 1830 Ii 1840. 2 vo~., Paris, 1900. Roux, Fran~ois-Charles. "La Russie et la politique italienne de Napoleon III," Revue Historique, CV (1913), 35-62, 277-301. - "La Russie et l'alliance anglo-fran~aise apres la guerre de Crimee," Revue Historique, CI (1909), 272-315. - "La Russie, la France et la question d'Orient apres la guerre de Crimee," Revue Historique, CIV (1912), 272-306. Roy, 1. J. E. Histoire du Si~ge et de la Prise de Sebastopol. Tours, 1875. Russell, William Howard. Complete History of the Russian War. New York, 1856. Russell wrote from the British camp - the first real war correspondent. - General Todleben's History of the Defence of Sebastopol 1854-1855. New York, 1865. Retells Todleben's story, pointing out its weak• nesses when discussing allied armies - accepts him as "incontro• vertible" when discussing the Russian army. - The British Expedition to the Crimea. London, 1858. - The War. London, 1855. Letters written to the Times. Ryan, G. Lives of our Heroes of the Crimea. London, 1856. A popular work. Saint-Arnaud, Leroy de. Lettres du Marechal Saint-Arnaud. 2nd ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1858. An important source for this study - most of the letters are to his brother and written after 1832. Sandwith, Humphrey. A Narrative of the Siege of Kars. London, 1856. A personal narrative and letters. Sayer, Frederic, ed. Despatches and Papers relative to the Crimean War. London, 1857. Mostly British reports but also a number of French. Schimmelfennig, A. The War between Turkey and Russia: A military Sketch. London, 1854. Gives an interesting picture of how the Turkish army was regarded at the time by the British and French. Schnerb, Robert. "Napoleon III and the Second French Empire," Journal of Modern History, VIII, 338-355. Chicago, 1936. Seignobos, Ch. La Revolution de 1848 - Le Second Empire, in Lavisse, ed., Histoire de France Contemporaine (10 vols., 1902-1922), VI, Paris, 1921. - Revolutions et Guerres Nationales, 1848-1870, in Lavisse and Ram• baud, eds., Histoire Generale du IVe Si~cle Ii nos Jours. XI, Paris, 1901. Sencourt, Robert. Napoleon III: The Modern Emperor. London, 1933. Well-written and documented. Use of Cowley papers makes this better than Simpson in places. Senior, Nassau William. Conversations With M. Thiel'S, M. Guizot, and other Distinguished Persons During the Second Empire. 2 vols., London, 1878. Mostly opinion - candid discussions - edited by Senior's daughter, M. C. M. Simpson. Seton-Watson, R. W. Britain in Europe 1789-1914. New York, 1937. A sound summary. Shadwell, Lawrence. The Life of Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde. 2 vols., London, 1881. Alot of materialfrom Campbell's diary and correspond• ence. Sheppard, Edgar. George, Duke of Cambridge. 2 vols., London, 1906. Based on journals and correspondence - only 33 pages relate to Crimean War. BIBLIOGRAPHY 281

Sheppard, Eric William. A Short History of the British Army. 4th ed., London, 1950. Simpson, Frederick Arthur. Louis Napoleon and the Recovery of France, 1848-1856. London, 1923. Finest single volume on the subject - has a complete bibliography. - The Rise of Louis Napoleon. London, 1909. Skene, J. H. With Lord Stratford in the Crimean War. London, 1883. Recollections. Slade, Adolphus. Turkey and the Crimean War. London. 1867. Author a British admiral. Stanmore, Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, Lord. The Earl of Aberdeen. London, 1893. Contains original documents and is remarkably impartial (author was son of Aberdeen.) Steevens, N. The Crimean Campaign with the Connaught Rangers. London, 1878. Sterling, Anthony C. The Highland Brigade in the Crimea. London, 1895. Author a British lieutenant-colonel - account based on letters written in 1854-1856. Stewart, P. F. History of the XII Royal Lancers 1715-1945. London, 1950. Tanc, M. X. Histoire Diplomatique de laGuerre d'Orienten 1854. Paris, 1864. Taylor, A. H. "Letters from the Crimea," JRUSI, CII (1957), 79-85, 232-238, 399-405. Taylor, A. J. P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918. Oxford, 1954. Temperley, Harold. England and the Near East: The Crimea. London, 1936. A masterful work based on extensive research in hitherto unconsulted documents - brilliantly written. - "The of 1856 and its Execution," Journal of Modern History, IV (1932), 378-414, 523-543. Testa, I. de. Recueil des TraitCs de la Porte Ottomane avec les Puissances Etrangeres. 11 vols., Paris, 1864-1911. Thomas, Albert. "Napoleon III and the Period of Personal Government (1852-1859)," in Growth of Nationalities, 286-308, in Cambridge Modern History, XI. Cambridge, Eng., 1909. Thomas, Colonel. La Guerre D'Orient de 1854 Ii 1855. Paris, 1901. Overly laudatory to the French leadership in the field. Thompson, J. M. Louis Napoleon and the Second Empire. New York, 1955. Thoumas, General Charles. Les Transformations de l'Armee francaise. 2 vols., Paris, 1887. Detailed discussion and critique of French army organizationalchangesd uring most of the nineteenth century, orient• ed towards 1870. - Mes Souvenirs de Crimee. Paris, n.d. From memory and letters. Written over fifteen years after the war (exact date uncertain). Author a French artillery officer. Thouvenel, L. Nicolas Ier et Napoleon III: Les Preliminaires de la Guerre de Crimee, 1852-1854 d'apres les papiers inedites de M. Thouvenel. Paris, 1891. - Pages de Z'Histoire du Second Empire d'apres les papiers de M. Thouvenel. Paris, 1903. Times (London), 1854-1856. Todleben, Graf Eduard Ivanovich. Defense de Sebastopol. 2 vols., St. Petersburg, 1863-1874. From documents compiled during the evacuation - really only edited by Todleben but is to be accepted 282 BIBLIOGRAPHY

as his version of the siege. Written with authority when discussing Russian troop movements - subject to exaggerations - passed by the imperial censor - an important source. Tooley, Sarah A. The Life of Florence Nightingale. New York, 1905. A sympathetic survey. Treue, Wilhelm. Der Krimkrieg und die Entstehung der Modernen Flotten. Gottingen, 1954. Based on archives in Berlin and Vienna. Mostly a report on shipping to and from Constantinople. Tuckwell, William. A. W. Kinglake. London, 1902. Subtitled, a literary and biographical study. Kinglake's only biographer - sympathetic, undocumented, and not really an academic or scholarly work. Tulloch, A. M. The Crimean Commission and the Chelsea Board. London, 1857. Author a member of the original commission - defends its findings and assails white-wash attempt of the Chelsea Board. Tylden, G. "Balaclava: 'c' Battery, R. H. A., and the Light Brigade," JSAHR, XXII (1944), 260-261. - "The Crimea in 1855 and 1856," JSAHR, XXV (1947),23-26. - "The Heavy Cavalry Charge at Balaclava," JSAHR, XIX (1940), 98-103. Vaillant, Jean B. P. Rapport a L'Empereur par le Marechal Ministre de 1/1 Guerre sur L'Ensemble des Dispositions Administratives Auxquelles a donne Lieu La Guerre D'Orient. Paris, 1856. Vandam, Albert Dresden. An Englishman in Paris. 2 vols., London, 1892. Notes and recollections. - Undercurrents of the Second Empire. London, 1895. Similar to above. Has some interesting sidelights. Viel Castel, Comte Horace de. Memoires du Comte Horace de Viel Castel sur La Regne de Napoleon III. 3 vols., Paris, 1883. Villefranche, Jacques Melchior. Histoire de Napoleon III. 2 vols., Paris, 1897. Vulliamy, C. E. Crimea. London, 1939. Well-written and documented - a few inaccuracies. Walpole, Spencer. "Great Britain and the Crimean War (1852-1856)," Growth of Nationalities, 309-324, in Cambridge Modern History, XI. Cambridge, Eng., 1909. Wellesley, F. A., ed. The Paris Embassy during the Second Empire. London, 1928. A valuable source, the papers of Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, First Earl Cowley, the British Ambassador to France. Reports frankly Louis Napoleon's conversations - provides best candid view of the Emperor. Editor was Cowley's son. - Secrets of the Second Empire. London, 1929. Also selections from the Cowley papers. - and Sencourt, Robert, eds. Conversations With Napoleon III. London, 1934. More of the same source - indispensable. Whinyates, Francis Arthur. From Coruna to Sevastopol. London, 1893. A battery history written by a British colonel. Williams, H. Noel. The Life and Letters of Admiral Sir Charles Napier. London, 1917. Williams, R. L. Gaslight and Shadow: The World of Napoleon III, 1851- 1870. New York, 1957. - "Louis Napoleon: A Tragedy of Good Intentions," History Today, IV (1954), 219-226. BIBLIOGRAPHY 283

Woestyn, Eugene. Guerre D'Orient. 2 vols., Paris, 1857. Wood, H. E. The Crimea in 1854 and 1894. London, 1895. Based on personal diary, correspondence, and memory - written up in 1894. Woodham-Smith, Cecil. Florence Nightingale. London, 1950. - The Reason Why. New York, 1954. Woods, N. A. The Past Campaign. 2 vols., London, 1855. Author was a correspondent for the "Morning Herald" in the Crimea. Wright, H. P. Recollections of a Crimean Chaplain. London, 1857. Wrottesley, George. Life and Letters of Sir John Burgoyne. 2 vols., London, 1873. Mainly correspondence - includes harsh criticism of • lake. Wrottesley was Burgoyne's son-in-law - also a general. - ed. The Military Opinions of General Sir John Fox Burgoyne. London, 1859. Views of Britain's chief engineering authority in the Crimea. Wyld, James. Geographical and Hydrographical Notes. London, 1854. Detailed descriptions of geographic features of the Black Sea area. Wyndham, H., ed. "Some Crimean Letters," Army Quarterly, L (1945), 276-280; LI (1945-46), 128-133, 285-287; LII (1946), 132-136. Zeldin, Theodore. The Political System of Napoleon III. London, 1958. Based on exhaustive study of manuscript sources. INDEX

Abbas Pasha, of Egypt, 66. 17, 23 n., 27, 37, 42, 49, 51, 58, 63, Abdul-Medjid, Sultan, 85. 80, lOB, 115, 237. Aberdeen Ministry, defeat, 172. Barnard, General, 239. Adams, General, 166. Bashi-Bazouks, 65, 99-102, 104, 110, Airey, General, 256. 149,243. Albert, Prince, 64, 70, 82, 89, 105, 114, Bazaine, General, 158, 253, 268. 138, 172, 186, 204, 232, 244, 248, Beatson, Colonel, 61, 99, 104,233,243. 255, 257; see also Buckingham Bedeau, Marie Alphonse, 23 n., 25-26, Palace. 41, 42 n. Alexander II, 175, 204, 257. "Belgian Generals," 42. Algerian campaigns, 3-6, 55-56, 69- Belgium, 21, 25, 41, 51, 56, 179. 70, 79, 103, 106, 265-266, 268; and Benedetti, Vincent, 90, 92, 110. Bugeaud, 5-6, 11-12; and "other Benkendorff, General, 144. heroes," 12-15; and Fleury, 10, 18- Bentinck, General, 166, 239. 20, 27, 32, 259; and Saint-Arnaud, Berry, Duchess de, 22-23. 18-20, 23-26, 55, 99, 103, 175, 265; Bessarabia, 139, 253. and Randon, 15, 19, 26, 32, 52-53, Beville, General, 226, 246 n. 55, 73, 260; and Canrobert, 24, 26- Bismarck, Otto von, 1, 47, 244. 27,74,268; and Bosquet, 28-29,32, Bizot, Michel, 113, 129, 177, 193. 49-51,74,92,259; and Pelissier, 29- Blanchot, General, 113. 32,52-53,72,119,128,175-177,239- Bois-Ie-Comte, A. O. E. Sain de, 55. 240, 268; and MacMahon, 51, 53- Bomarsund, 115, 177. 54, 176, 238; and Forey, 34; and Bonaparte, Jerome, 45-48, 62, 93, 182. Martimprey, 75; and Yusuf, 99-100; Bonaparte, Joseph, 4B. and the Spahis, 99, 109; and Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon, see Na- zouaves, 71-72, 87, 103. poleon III. Alma, battle of, 121 n., 122-126, 137- Bonaparte, Lucien, 168. 138,162,169,174-175,254. Bonaparte, Mathilde, 182,260. Army of Paris, 13, 16, 25, 29, 43, 70. Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon I. Aupick, General, 37. Bonaparte, Napoleon (Prince, son of Austerlitz, battle of, 5, 11, 33, 123, Jerome), 42, 45-48, 51, 53-54, 56, 153, 174,214,225. 60, 76-78, 92-94, 101-102, 111, 113, Austrian demands, 101,258,263. 115, 120, 123, 125, 129, 131, 138, 166-170, 182-184, 214, 236, 244, Baidar valley, 188, 211, 233. 256, 258, 263, 265, 267. Balaclava (port), 131, 133, 135-136, Bonaparte, Pierre, 168. 141, 146, 149-155, 157, 158 n., 159- Bosquet, Pierre Jean Fran~ois, 10,20, 162, 164, 169, 184, 189, 233, 243, 23 n., 27-29, 32, 41, 45, 49-52, 54, 254, 263; plain of, 188; battle of, 68, 72-76, 79, 85, 87-88, 90, 92, 141-142, 162. 101-102, 111, 113, 117, 120, 122- Balkan Mts., 66-67, 74, 78, 86-87, 95, 126, 131, 138, 141-142, 145-148, 170. 161, 174-176, 186, 188, 194, 196, Baraguay d'Hilliers, Achille, 13-14, 206, 209, 211, 216-217, 219-222, INDEX 285

225-226. 228. 238-240. 245-247. 23 n .• 24. 26-27. 32. 34. 41. 42 n .• 249-251. 256. 259-260. 265. 267- 55-56.75. 103.250.268. 268. Changarnier. Nicholas. 5. 12-15. 17. Bouat. General. 160. 23 n .• 24. 27. 31. 41. 42 n .• 55-56. Boulogne. 9. 16. 121. 138. 183. 103. 174. Bourbons and Bourbon Restoration. Charge of light brigade. 2. 142. 3-4.20-21.30.35.228. Charras. J. B. A .• 26. Bourgoing. Baron de. 226. Chasseloup-Laubat. Fran~ois. 227 n. Bourmont. Count de. 4. Chersonese. 141-142. 163. Boutin. battalion commander. 3. Chrzanowski. Adalbert. 55-56. 60. 64. Boxer. Admiral. 205. 73-74. 141. 174-175.216-217.248. Bright. John. 203. 252.254. Brown. George. 60. 108. 112. 118. 146. Claremont. Major. 91. 166. 197-198. 205. 207. Clarendon. George Villiers. 4th Earl Bruat.Admiral.61. 108.112. 192.196- of. 62. 70. 121. 148. 178. 183-185. 198. 207. 230. 250. 188. 218. 233. 241. 244. 248. 253. Bruck. M. de. 89. 256. Brunswick. Duke of. 9. Cobden. Richard. 203. Brunet. General. 223. 228. Codrington. William John. 239. 255- Brussels. 64. 169. 256.258-259.263. Buckingham Palace. 173. 189. 199. Cornemuse. General. 43. Budberg. Baron. 144. Coup d·etat. 8. 12-13. 15-20. 24. 29. Bugeaud de la Piconnerie. Duc d·Isly. 32-35. 41. 43-44. 46. 49. 54. 5-6. 10-12. 14 n .• 22-25. 27-31. 34. Cousin. Victor. 55. 75. 100. 103. 112. 175.240. Cowley. Henry Wellesley. 1st Earl. 37. Burgoyne. John Fox. 61. 67. 84. 119. 55. 58. 62-65. 69. 86. 91. 96. 148. 129. 136-137. 145. 163. 164 n .• 166. 161. 173. 178. 181-183. 187. 202- 178.185. 190. 195. 203. 208. 214. 216. 224. 229. 253. 256-258. Cabrol. J. F .• Dr.• 65. 77. 121. 131. Crimean War. causes. 33-40; French Calthorpe. S. J. G .• 98 n .• 99 n .• 121 n .• leaders selected. 41-57; British 137. 145. 149. 161. 184. leaders. 59-61. 105-106; Ottoman Cambridge. Duke of. 60. 82. 93. 137 n .• forces. 65-67; Dobrudja expedition. 146. 149. 166. 179. 207-208. 238. 98-104; Crimean invasion. 105-121; 256.258. Battle of Alma. 122-128; Battle of Campan. exiled editor. 56. Balac1ava. 141-142; Battle of In• Campbell. Colin Frederick. 159. 188. kermann. 143-148; Hurricane of 239. 247. 256. 14 November. 1854. 150-152; Allied Canrobert. Fran~ois Certain. 1. 10.20. condition and policy. winter 1854- 23 n .• 24. 26-27. 31. 45. 49-51. 54- 1855. 153-165; First Kertch ex• 55.68.72.74-76.79.81. 87. 91. 97. pedition. 196-199; Second Kertch 102.108.113.116-119.122-125.130- expedition. 207; Battle of Tcher• 131. 133-135. 137-147. 153-154. naya. 240-242; Final assault and 156. 158. 161-163. 165. 167-168. fall of Sebastopol. 244-249; Di• 172-178. 180. 182. 184-194. 196-202. plomacy during and ending war. 204-211. 214. 219. 222. 226. 229. 168. 173. 183-184. 202-204. 256- 235-240. 244. 250. 256-257. 260. 259. 262-263. 262. 265-268. Cardigan. J ames Thomas Brudenell. Danube. 63. 66. 74. 78. 84. 86. 89. 98. Earl of. 157. 102. 105. 109 n .• 113-115. 170. Castellane. Esprit Victor E. B. de. 13- Danzig. siege of. 227 n. 18. 42. 44-45. 48. 52. 74. 77. 174. D·Autemarre. General. 197-198. 207. 178. 182. 228. 236. 244. De Lacy Evans. General. 60. 145. 149. Castellane. Pierre de. 240. De Lourmel. General. 20. 93. 124. Cater. General. 166. De Noe. Louis R. J .• 101-102. Cathcart. George. 60. 146. 149. 166. DeRos. General. 166. 187. De Salles. General. 240. Cavaignac. Louis Eugene. 5. 12-13. De Serionne. French officer. 101. 286 INDEX

D'Hautpoul, General, 25, 72. (office contemplated by Napoleon Dobrudja, 98, 101, 103-105, 108, Ill, III for Jerome), 48. 113. Graham, James, 106. Drouyn de l'Huys, Edouard, 51, 162, Granier de Cassagnac, Adolphe, 10 n., 183,202. 131. Drummond, James, 108. Greeks and Greece (Morea), 21, 30, 66, DuBarail, General, 237 n. 75, 91. Duberly, Frances Isabella, 157. Greville, Charles, 121, 162, 187, 224, Ducos, Theodore, 43, 95. 257. Dulac, General, 20, 249. Guizot, Franl(ois, 37, 131. Dundas, Admiral, 58, 61, 106-107, 112, 120, 122, ISO, 257. Hamelin, Admiral, 58, 112, 182, 256. Durrieu, Baron, 30. Hardinge, Lord, 96, 156. Harispe, Jean Isidore, 9. England, Richard, 60. Heath, Admiral, 198, 205. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg- Herbillion, General, 20, 242, 246. Gotha, 62-63, 105. Hesse, (Hess), Heinrich, Baron von, Eugene, Prince, 62. 55-56, 107, 115. Espinasse, General, 20, 92, 101-102. Holy Places, 36-37. Estcourt, General, 157. Hubner, Joseph von, 46, 67. Eugenie (de Montijo), Empress, 47, 50, Hurricane of November 14, 1854, 150- 52, 182, 187 n., 244. 153, 163, 166 n. Eupatoria, 162, 186, 190-191, 198, 209,243,253-254,259,263. Inkermann (area), 142-143, ISO, 154; Eylau, battle of, 128, 148, 225. battle of, 143-149, 154-155, 162, 167, 175-177, 196, 259-260, 267. Failly, General, 242. Isly, battle of, 6, 23, 30, 100. Fay, Charles A., 222, 228. Feray (comtesse), daughter of Jomini, Henri, 26, 74. Bugeaud, 22. Jones, Harry, 178,235,256. Feray, General, 226. Jurien de la Graviere, Jean Pierre Filder, Commissary-General, 156. Edmond, 256. First Empire, 6, II, 14,26,46,55, 138, 259,268. Kabyles (Kabylie, Kabylie Orientale, Flahaut, Joseph Comte de, 63, 183. Grande Kabylie, Petite Kabylie), Fleury, Emile Felix, 10-12, 16, 18-20, 12, IS, 19, 25, 51-53, 72, 92. 24-29, 32, 42, 44, 52, 100, 226-227, Kalik, Colonel, 115. 237 n., 259-260. Kamiesch, 135, 159, 176, 191,254,263. Foley, Major, 188. Kars, 232-235. Forey, Elie Frederic, 34, 45, 54, 92, Katcha, 118-119, 122, 127. 97, 113, 116, 124, 134, 137, 143, 146, Kazatch, 159, 246. 158, 178,265,268. Kergorley, Count de, 65. Forth-Rouen, French diplomat, 75. Kertch peninsula, 118, 254, 263; ex• Fould, Achille, 42, 63, 179. peditions, 196-199, 207-210, 212, , 26, 30. 266. Khroulef, General, 241. Gallipoli, 67-68, 74-76, 78-79, 81, 87- Kinburn, 253-254, 263. 88,98, 110, 170. Kinglake, A. W., 24, 142 n., 143, 156, Gerard, Marshal, 22. 200 n., 201, 263. Gladstone, W. E., 203. Kisseleff, Nicolai, 64. Goldie, General, 166. Klapka, General, 169. Gordon, (later General), Charles G., Kornilow, Vice Admiral, 128. 192. Gortschakoff, Mikhail, 241-242, 245. La conduite de la guerre en Orient, 169. Gorlschakoff, Peter, 110. Laghouat, fall of, 52-53. Governor-General of Algeria, IS, 19, Lagondie, Colonel, 91. 26, 31, 53, 73; interim (Pelissier), La Marmora, Alfonso de, 188,257. 19, 29, 32, 52; Governor of Algeria Lamoriciere, Louis de,S, 10, 23 n., INDEX 287

24-25, 27-29, 30, 32, 41, 42 n., 55- Montauban (Cousin-Montauban), 56, 75, 100, 103, 134, 174, 250. General, 10, 176. La Motte Rouge, Joseph-Edouard de, Montaudon, Lt. Col. (later General), 48, 72, 96, 113, 141, 143, 147-148, 221. 176-177, 196, 206, 213, 228, 249- Montebello, General de, 177. 250,268. Morny, Charles, Duc de, 63-64, 179, Leboeuf, Edmond, 71. 182, 187. Le Constitutionel, 10 n., 240. Morris, General, 92, 97, 116. Le Febvre, Fran~ois Joseph, 227 n. Munster, Count, Prussian military Legion of Honor, 23-24, 27, 30, 32, 52, attache to Russia, 144. 109, 148, 196,236,250. Muravieff, General, 235. Legislative Assembly, 13, 33-34. Le Moniteur Universel, 170, 184, 205. Napoleon I, 1,3,6-8, II, 15,21,29-30, Utang, General de, 100. 33, 35, 46, 48, 58, 60, 79, 169, 174, Levaillant, General, 240. 180, 212, 225, 227 n., 260, 268. Levy, Michel, 260. Napoleon III, Liang, Comte de la, 56. (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, Prince Lieven, Princess de, 179, 187. President), contrast to Napoleon I, Liprandi, General, 141-142, 145. 1; only vaguely understood, 7-8; Loftus, Augustus, 144, 241. need for supporters and early Loizillon, Henri, 205. adherents, 8-12; and inadequacy of Louis Philippe, 4-5, 9-11, 16, 22, 25, Algerian "heroes" for a coup, 12-17; 35,37. and Fleury's search for "new men," Lowenthal, Colonel, 115. 18-20, 27-29, 32; Canrobert ex• Lucan, George Charles Bingham, Earl plains his vote against, 27; Bos• of, 60, 154. quet's attitude towards, 29, 50-52, Liiders, General, 101, 164, 263. 250-251, 259-260; and coup d'ttat Lyons, Edmund, 106, 108, 112, 122, and establishment of Second Em• 130, 135, 162, 190, 196, 198, 205, pire, 33-36, and French policy in 207, 243, 250, 255-257. the East, 36-39; offers service to Lysons, Daniel, 59, 120 n., 198, 231. exiles, 41-42; selects commanders for Expedition to the East, 42, 45; MacMahon, Marie E. P. M. de, 20, 23 and Prince Napoleon, 45-48, 93, n., 51, 53-54, 176,227 n., 237-238, 167-170, 182; hears opinions regard• 245-248,250,265,268. ing marriage, 52; meets Pelissier, Magnan, Bernard Pierre, 13, 16-17, 52-53, and MacMahon, 54, and 44, 49, 62, 70. Ernest 11,62; suggests unified allied Malakoff, 139, 195,218,220-221,235, command, 58, 61-62, 186-187,208; 245; fall of, 247-250. sense of responsibility, 63; similar Mamelon Vert, 195, 211, 216-217, to Prince Albert in ideas and loyalty, 219-220. 64, 114; and ideas for attack on Marlborough, Duke of, 62. Sebastopol, 62, 64, 105, 107, 114- , 65, 71, 75, 78-79, 95, 96 n., 115; views Turks as "beasts," 65; 97, 138, 160, 227, 237. impressed by Burgoyne, 67; rejects Martimprey, General de, 74 n., 75-76, advice of Bosquet and Canrobert 87, 113, 239, 253, 256. about going to Varna, 68; errors on Marx, Karl, 73, 103, 104 n., Ill, 153, length and cost of expedition, 68- 156,248. 69; instructions to Saint-Arnaud, Mayran, General, 193, 219, 222-223, 78, 81-82; recalls Baraguay d'Hil• 235. liers, 80; and reports from Saint• Mellinet, General, 240. Arnaud, 80-81, 93, 95, 109, 125; Menschikoff, A. S., Prince, 38-39, 122, estimates Russian forces in the 129, 136, 138, 141 n., 143, 146 n., Crimea, 110; meeting with Prince 148-149, 164. Albert, 138, 186; views on Lord Mocquard, secretary to the Prince Raglan, 161-162, 229; orders to President, 47. Canrobert, 165, 180, 186, 192, 197- Moltke, Count, 158. 199; explanation of war to April, Monet, General de, 193. 1855, 170-172; on need for new 288 INDEX

Crimean leadership, 174--176, 180- Pacifist groups in Britain, 202-203. 181; and envoys to the front (Mon• Palmerston, Lord, 105, 121, 185, 203, tebello and Niel), 177, 185-186, 199, 219,233,248,257-258. 210-212, 220, 225-226, 242, dis• Panmure, Fox Maule, 2nd Baron, 162, cusses cooperation with Cowley, 181, 189, 199, 207, 218-219, 231- 178-179; and pressures at home, 234, 238-239, 243-244, 248, 250, 179, 202, 209, 257; prospective trip 254--255, 258-259, 264. to the Crimea, 181-184, 186; has Pasquier, Laure (Saint-Arnaud's first plan for success in Crimea, 184--185, wife), 22, 25. 198-199, 200 n., 208-209, 215-216, Pelissier, Jean Jacques, I, 10, 17, 19- 242; and Kertch expeditions, 197- 20, 24, 29-32, 41-42, 49, 52-54, 72- 199, 207-208; and Canrobert's 73, 103, 106, 119, 128, 175-178, 195, resignation, 200-201, 205, 214, 222; 200, 202, 204--229, 231-250, 252- Canrobert's return, 236-237; 257, 259-260, 262-263, 265, 268. conflict of ideas with Pelissier, Penaud, Admiral, 256. 206-212, 214--220, 224--227, 242; Persigny, Victor Fialin, Duc de, 9-11, Chrzanowski's ideas similar, 216- 18, 162, 183, 186, 257. 217; tentatively sends order reliev• Plebiscite of December 21-22, 1851, ing Pelissier, 226-227; agreeing 34. with Pelissier against Omar Pasha Polytechnic School, 13, 28. and Simpson, 234--235; congratu• Principalities ( and Walla• lates Pelissier, 242, 249; visited by chia) , 39-40, 85, 89-90, 101, 105, Albert and Victoria, 244; ideas 110-111, 114--115, 140,215. after Sebastopol's fall, 253-254, 257-259; concern with army reor• Radetzki, Johann Maria, 56. ganization, 259; promotes Canro• Raglan, Fitzroy Somerset, Lord, 59- bert, Bosquet and Randon, 259- 62, 78, 82-91, 101, 107, 109-112, 260; debt to his army, 264. 114--115, 117-119, 121-123, 125- Napoleonic aims, 258. 131, 133-137, 140-148, 154--158, Napoleonic Legend, 2, 168, 267-268. 160-166, 172-174, 178, 181-182, Newcastle, Duke of, 114, 133, 144, 184--193, 195-201, 205, 207-209, 147, 156, 161, 239. 216-218, 220, 223-224, 226, 228- Nicholas I, 36-39, 73, 105, 110, 114, 232,267. 144, 164, 183, 204, 264. Randon, Jacques, L. C. A., 13, 15, 17, Niel, Adolphe, 23 n., 142 n., 164 n., 19, 26, 32, 52-53, 55, 73, 75, 260, 177-178, 184--186, 195, 199-201, 268. 207, 210-216, 220, 222-223, 225- Rayer, Dr., 65. 227, 229, 235, 242, 245, 256-257, Redan, 139, 218, 220, 223, 247-248. 263,266-268. Regnault de Saint-Jean-d'Angely, A. Nightingale, Florence, 2, 262. M. E., 13, 17,206,221,225-226,228, 246. , 78, 106, 109, 164, 171, 253. Remusat, Charles, 209. Officers transferred to Paris after Reshid Pasha, Grand Vizier or Prime Fleury's "visit" in Algeria (D' Allon• Minister, 79. ville, De Cotte, De Roisse, Dourti• Richard, Henry, 203. gis, Feray, Gardarens, Maruley, Riza Pasha, Serasker Pasha or Minis- Rochefort), 20. ter of War, 79, 91. Old Fort, 117-120, 121 n., 126, 130 n., Rokeby, General, 239. 135. Rome, expedition to, 15-16, 177. Oltenitza, Russian defeat at, 85. Rose, Colonel, 91. Omar Pasha (Michael Lattas), 78, 82- Ross, General, 194. 86, 89, 99, 101, 138, 143, 162, 190- Rostolan, General de, 71, 227 n. 191, 216, 225, 232-235, 243, 246. Russell, John, 184. Orleans family, Orleanists, and July Rustchuk, 170-171. , 4--5, 9, 11, 25, 27, 35, 46, 61, 168-169. See also Louis Philippe. Saint-Arnaud, Leroy de, 1, 10, 15-16, Orloff, Fedor, 259. 18-28, 31, 33, 42-45, 48-55, 62-63, Osten-Sacken, General, 145. 65, 68-69, 76-103, 107-134, 137, INDEX 289

160, 175-176, 187, 214, 239, 246, 136-137, 140, 142 n., 143 n., 201, 263, 265-268. 264. Saint-Cyr, 13, 26, 28, 30, 34, 75. Toulon, 30, 71, 78, 95-96, 109, 115, Sardinia or Sardinians, 40 n., 188-189, 160. 206, 215, 219, 234, 241-242, 257, Trazegnies, Louise de (Saint-Arnaud's 259. second wife), 19,25, 93-94. Schumla, 67, 85, 170. Trochu, Louis Jules, 87, 104, 113, 116- Scipio Africanus, 2 n. 117, 122, 196, 239-240, 251, 268. Second Republic,S, 9, 14, 19, 23, 28, Tylden, General, 129 n., 166. 32,34. Silistria, 67, 84-90, 94, 101, 105, 110, Vaillant, Jean B. P., 13, 16-17,24,42, 113,117,171,232. 45, 56-57, 62, 67-68, 71, 81, 90, 96, Simpheropol, 138, 185, 210, 216, 224, 99,114,116,129,161,165,175-176, 234, 252-253. 178, 180, 182, 196, 200, 205, 207- Simpson, James, 189, 231-232, 234- 208, 212, 214-218, 220, 222-227, 236, 238-240, 242-244, 246, 248, 234-236, 249, 256, 261, 263. 250,251,254-255. Vandam, Albert, 187 n. Sinope, Turkish fleet destroyed at, 39. Varna, 66, 68, 84-88, 90--91, 93-96, Soult, Marshal, 31. 98, 101-104, 107-111, 113-116, 118, Spahis, 133, 141, 160, 165; of Africa, 128,144,153,171,262. 99, 109-110; ofthe Orient, 100--102. Vendee insurrection, 3, 22. Steele, Colonel, 146. Vico, French liaison officer, 91, 141. Stewart, Houston, 190, 197, 199,230- Victoria, Queen, 60, 217, 235, 244; 231. opinion on furloughs, 243. Stothert, Samuel K., 194. Viel Castel, Horace de, 167, 182. Strangway, General, 166. Vitzthum von Eckstaedt, Karl von, Strassburg, 9-10, 16. 157-158. Stratford de Redcliffe (Stratford Vivian, General, 233-234. Canning), 37, 39, 58, 63, 80, 83-84, 90-91,121, 173,248. Walewski, Alexandre, 134, 183, 202, Sturge, Joseph, 203. 256,258. Sultan, 36-39, 65, 79-80, 91-92, 101. Waterloo, battle of, 4-5, 11, 16, 59, 123, 147 n. Tchernaya, stream, 211, 216, 221, 233, Wellington, Duke of, 6, 59, 61, 90, 96, 235, 241-242, 244, 246; battle of, 136, 159. 241-242,244,246, 263. Westmoreland, John Fane, Earl of, Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 2, 142. 173,204. Thiers, Adolphe, 42, 55, 57, 74, 96, Williams, General W. F., 235. 209. Windham, Charles, 136, 156 n., 187, Thiry, General, 113, 140. 192. Thoumas, General, 29. Times, 156, 164, 248, 254. Yusuf, General, 10, 99-102, 243. Timofeief, General, 147. Tocquevelle, Alexis de, 209. Zouaves, 27, 44, 71-72, 87, 104 n., 123, Torrens, General, 166, 218, 234. 125, 146, 158 n., 162, 174, 189, 193, Totleben, Eduard Ivanovich, 3, 117, 195,247,268.