REPORTSTATISTICS REPORT 2011 2011
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km.qa KAHRAMAA Brief Statement:
Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation “KAHRAMAA” was established in 2000 to regulate and maintain the supply of electricity and water to customers. KAHRAMAA has the privilege of being the sole transmission and distribution system owner and operator (TDSOO) for electricity and water, and for customer services in Qatar.
Core Areas of Business:
KAHRAMAA buys, distributes and sells electricity and water as follows:
• Formulate Power & Water Purchase Agreements (PWPA) and provide necessary technical and corporate support for establishment of generation & desalination ventures • Own, construct and operate electricity & water transmission and distribution networks in the State of Qatar. • Set-up plans and programs for development of electricity & water transmission and distribution networks, • Lay out regulations, standards and codes of practices for electricity & water supplies to buildings and facilities • Provide consultancy services related to its activities and operations.
Mission:
Our Mission is to provide our customers with high quality electricity and water services, whilst creating value for our shareholders.
Objectives:
• Efficiently meet our obligations to supply Qatar’s needs for electricity and water. • Operate on a commercial basis. • Comply with local and international health, safety, and environmental standards. • Maximise the employment of capable Qatari nationals, and develop them to the competence level of employees in leading International companies.
Culture and Values
In carrying out our business we aim to:
• Always remember that we are providing a vital service to the public, and that we are here to serve our customers. • Be open, honest and responsive in our dealings with our stakeholders. • Continuously seek to raise our performance standards and hold ourselves publicly accountable against these standards. • Work as a team in which everyone shares concern for KAHRAMAA’s performance of its responsibilities and takes collective pride in its achievements.
Statistics Report 2011 Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation “KAHRAMAA”
Prepared by: Corporate Planning and Business Development Department in collaboration with KAHRAMAA Departments
Production: Public Relations & Communication Department
KAHRAMAA Publications 2012© STATISTICS REPORT 2011
8 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 10
KAHRAMAA’s Business Mandate 12 Table EWT1 Key Growth Indicators 15 Meeting Growing Demand 16 Table EW2 Strategic Electricity & Water Infrastructure Projects 16
Electricity Statistics 18 Table ET1 Main Generating Plants (2011) 20 Table ET2 Annual Electricity Generation from 2007 to 2011 21 Table ET3 Monthly Electricity Generation in 2011, MWh 22 Table ET4 Energy Transmitted in 2011, MWh 24 Table ET5 Maximum and Minimum Load Last Five Years, MW 26 Table ET6 Sectoral Maximum Demands for 2011, MW 26 Table ET7 Annual Load Factors for 2011 26 Table ET8 Annual Growth Rates from 2010 to 2011 27 Domestic Consumption (MWh) 28 Table ET9 Industrial Consumption 2011 28
Transmission & Distribution Networks 30 Table ET10 Sub-Stations 32 Table ET11 Cables Laid 33 Table ET12 High Voltage Overhead Lines 34 Table ET13 Number of Electricity Customers 35 Table ET14 Average Electricity Per Capita Consumption 36
STATISTICS REPORT 2011 9
Water Statistics 38 Table WT1 Contracted Capacities by IPWP at end of 2011 41 Table WT2 Water Production in 2011, Million Cubic Meters 43 Table WT3 Potable Water Production Capacities from Wells and RO in 2011 44 Table WT4 Monthly Water Production, cubic meters in 2011 45 Table WT5 Total Water Production from 2007 to 2011 46 Table WT6 Rural Potable Monthly Water Production in Cubic Meters 48 Table WT7 Non-Revenue Water Reduction 50
Water Distribution Network 52 Primary & Secondary Distribution System 54 Table WT8 Length of Mains Laid from 2007 to 2011, meters 55 Table WT9 Number & Length of Service Connections in 2011, in meters 56 Service size from 20 mm up to 63 mm (MDPE pipe) – Domestic & Commercial Table WT10 Number & Length of Service Connections in 2011, in meters 57 Service size from 80mm (3”) up to 400mm (16”) – Bulk Table WT11 Tanker Water Supply in 2011 58 Table WT12 Water Tanker Services Last 5 Years 60 Table WT13 Percentage of Customers Served by Tankers 62 Table WT14 Number of Water Customers 64 Table WT15 Average Water Per Capita Consumption, Last 5 Years 65 Table WT16 Water Storage in Reservoir in 2011 67 Table WT17 Water Storage in Ground Tanks in 2011 69 Table WT18 Water Storage in Elevated Tanks in 2011 69 Table WT19 Water Storage in Towers in 2011 70 Table WT20 Total Water Storage in 2011 71
Glossary Of Terms & Abbreviations 72
STATISTICS REPORT 2011 10 FOREWORD
2011 was a remarkable year in the march of KAHRAMAA, the leading national corporation that relentlessly works to achieve the objectives of sustainable development and meet the increasing demand for electricity and water in Qatar. KAHRAMAA efforts comes within the fast track development Qatar witnesses where services KAHRAMAA provides are vital to meet the population increase as well as commercial and industrial expansion. It copes with the requirements of the coming phase with all ambitious projects of basic infrastructure, roads and ports coincides with Qatar status as an energy tycoon and outstanding destination for regional and international conferences and sports activities.
In line with Qatar National Vision 2030 and Qatar National Development Strategy 2012 – 2016 that stress the economic development, environment protection, and the conservation of national resources for the coming generations, KAHRAMAA has implemented a package of projects for the development and expansion of its transmission and distribution networks for the provision of high quality services. It has also commissioned main and secondary substations to promote services it provides for customers.
Electricity and water sectors receive high interest from the wise leadership of the State of Qatar as they are related to the living of all Qatar residents. Heavy investments have been channeled to electricity and water sectors to meet the increasing demand, promote the production capacity, and provide the required energy to operate plants; suffice it here to mention Barzan gas project in Al-Shamal with an expected capacity of 1.4 bn. cubic feet per day of natural gas by its commissioning in 2016.
2011 witnessed the issuance of the Emiri decree No. 19 for the formation of the Permanent Water Resources Committee to set a comprehensive strategy for water resources. In 2011, Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation “KAHRAMAA” signed 20 contracts for the implementation of electricity and water projects with leading international and local companies at a total value of Q.R. 4 bn. Contracts comes within phase X projects. Contracts include the construction of 34 power generation facilities, installation of 600 km of cables and OHL. A consultancy contract has been signed for the giant reservoirs project with total capacity exceeding 1600 MIG and the associated transmission and distribution networks. The project promotes water security as it secures Qatar needs of water for seven days during normal cases and for longer duration in contingencies.
Water contracts include projects for development of water network and the pilot project of smart meters that will cover the State wide by 2016 to better control and monitor electricity and water networks. The RO is one of the promising pilot projects expected to be commissioned by the end of 2012 at a total capacity of 5 MIGD. The achievement of this year is one of multiple phases of basic infrastructure packages in the field of power generation and water desalination KAHRAMAA determines to offer till 2021 at a total value of Q.R. 70 bn.
The increase of electricity production capacity in Qatar coincides with the GCC power interconnection project with the prospects of passing the surplus to the neighboring countries as power trade is a promising area. KAHRAMAA pays great concern to environment protection, energy resources conservation, monitoring electromagnetic activities and impacts on residents. It studies the support of alternative and renewable energy resources including solar and wind.
Among KAHRAMAA strategic plans is human investment by the attraction of national cadres. It provides training and development opportunities for graduates at different educational levels to assume responsibilities at KAHRAMAA projects to contribute to the national economy. We are pleased that 50% of KAHRAMAA staffs are Qataris. Moreover, thanks are due to all KAHRAMAA employees for their efforts towards achieving KAHRAMAA’s objectives and enabling KAHRAMAA to achieve much success in 2011 and beyond.
Dr. Mohamed bin Saleh Al-Sada H.E. Minister of Energy and Industry 11
In compliance with the mandate from the government of Qatar, Kahramaa publishes this annual statistical report. The purpose is to provide other Qatari government institutions, investors, the academe and the general public with information relevant to their respective needs. The historical data provided in this report should provide the end-user an understanding and appreciation of the development of electricity and water infrastructure in Qatar.
Kahramaa’s objectives are to efficiently meet our obligations to supply Qatar’s needs of electricity and water in a sustainable manner, operate on a commercial basis, comply with local and international health, safety and environmental standards, and maximize the employment of capable Qatari nationals, developing them to the competence level of employees in leading international companies. This is done while setting out a concrete framework and action plan to align our strategic plans with Qatar National Vision 2030.
Tracing the development plan in the State of Qatar, one finds that the highest priorities goes to the provision of services for nationals and expatriates. It targets the promotion of the national economy and enhancement of productivity and organizational efficiency at all state authorities to cope with the international economic development.
We serve a rapidly growing economy and population in a region with an abundance of fossil fuels, yet scarce in water sources. In this context, it is imperative that we use our resources and manage our growth wisely.
Basic infrastructures are not an end in themselves; rather, they are means for ensuring the delivery of goods and services. They are crucial to achieving prosperity and growth in a way that enhances the quality of life, including the social well-being, health and safety of citizens, and the quality of their environment.
We undertake these commitments because we believe in the values of corporate social responsibility and teamwork in order to fulfill our philosophy as a sole service provider.
I reiterate that the real challenge we encounter is continuing our successful march. We are determined to exert all efforts to maintain the pride of place KAHRAMAA has achieved. We endeavor to promote the good relation we have created with our customers.
In fact, these objectives demand focus on business planning in order to achieve sustainability; KAHRAMAA is capable of realizing it. We should look confidently into the future and feel proud to be part of this success story.
Eng. Essa bin Hilal Al-Kuwari KAHRAMAA President 12 KAHRAMAA’s Business Mandate
14
Up to the year 1999 all electrical power generation, transmission and distribution services were carried out by the former Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW). Likewise, up to that year production of potable and distillate water, forwarding and distribution were under MEW.
To achieve some degree of deregulation and to encourage private investors, in the year 2000 power generation and water production services were separated and privatized into a business named Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC). Since that date, several additional facilities have been built to accommodate Qatar’s increasing power and water needs, with Qatari interests owning in excess of 50% of the equity. Transmission and distribution of electricity and forwarding and distribution of water remained as a government service carried out by the new government corporation named KAHRAMAA (Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation).
KAHRAMAA, now a more streamlined service organization, operates and maintains the sole electricity and water network in the country, focusing only in delivering these basic services to all consumers. The government continues to encourage its entrepreneur citizens to invest in the power generation and water desalination business, otherwise known as IPWP’s (Independent Power and Water Providers), adopting global trends of deregulation.
QP (Qatar Petroleum) remains the sole source of natural gas as fuel for the Power & Water Production facilities run by the IPWP’s.
The following diagram illustrates the linkage of four key business entities in Qatar that comprise the supply chain up to the consumer:
Electricity Electricity Gas & Water & Water QP IPWP KAHRAMAA CUSTOMER
As it directly interfaces with consumers, forecasting of electricity and water demand in Qatar remains with KAHRAMAA. KAHRAMAA is intensively involved in initiating and negotiating with IWPP developers for the construction of new power stations and desalination plants. Forecasting of oil and gas and fuels consumption is centralized at QP.
In a nutshell, the following table lists key growth indicators for KAHRAMAA in the last five years.
KAHRAMAA’S BUSINESS MANDATE 15
Table EWT1 Key Growth Indicators
Average % Growth Indicators 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Change A. Electricity Generated, GWh 19,462 21,616 24,158 28,144 30,730 14.4% % Change 14.0% 11.1% 11.8% 16.5% 9.2% Sent Out, GWh 17,913 19,747 22,258 26,385 28,383 15.0% % Change 14.3% 10.2% 12.7% 18.5% 7.6% Maximum Demand, MW 3,550 3,990 4,535 5,090 5,375 13.3% % Change 9.9% 12.4% 13.7% 12.2% 5.6% No. of customers (billed & non-billed, 193,307 210,057 234,658 255,055 272,745 6.1% based on number of meters) % Change 1.3% 8.7% 11.7% 8.7% 6.9% B. WATER Water production, Mm3 251 312 340 373 401 14.0% % Change 11.2% 24.3% 9.1% 9.7% 7.5% Maximum daily production, MIGD 161.7 209.0 222.7 249.3 265.4 15.0% (for 2011 occurred in May) % Change 10.4% 29.2% 6.6% 12.0% 6.4% No. of Water customers (billed & non-billed, metered plus served by 151,485 169,315 185,856 211,211 221,423 10.3% water tankers) % Change 10.0% 11.8% 9.8% 13.6% 4.8%
KAHRAMAA’S BUSINESS MANDATE 16
Meeting Growing Demand
KAHRAMAA has recently initiated the construction of additional production capacity to meet the escalating electricity and water demand, and much work was done on this during 2011 to further the implementation of several important and strategic projects. Some of the key projects are listed in the table below:
Table EW2 Strategic Electricity & Water Infrastructure Projects
Project Description GCC Electricity Interconnection - Security of supply strategy adopted by GCC countries to interconnect GCC Electricity (in operation, soft trading). - Part 1-Ph 3 UAE/GCCIA, commissioned in March. - Oman interconnection with UAE was done in 4Q 2011. GCC Water Grid Detailed Feasi- Security of supply strategy adopted by GCC countries to interconnect GCC Water networks. bility Study Based on the GCC leaders decision in the 29th Summit in Oman. This project is stopped for the time being. Letter was sent to Minister of International Cooperation A follow up letter to the State Minister for Foreign Affairs is required. Arab Interconnection WB phase-1 report on Institutional & Regulatory Framework completed. Arab fund com- parative E&Gas feasibility study awarded to CESI/RAMUEL & scheduled the kick off meeting on Feb 2012. Transmission System Expansion Phase IX is almost completed. Phase X contracts were awarded and signed. – PHASES 9 and 10 RAYYAN Village & Doha Land Urgent Upgrade to existing substations and additional works. Additional Capacity Ras Laffan C First capacity power (1,612 MW) was planned for 1 May 2010 but commisioned in July 2010.. First capacity water (20 MIGD) was targetted by 15 Aug 2010 but completed in October 2010. Facility capacity with a capacity of 2,730 MW by was commissioned on 30th March 2011. Water transmission pipeline was commissioned in November 2010 and is under operation.
KAHRAMAA’S BUSINESS MANDATE 17
RAF A1 RAF A1 had a target date of 1 April 2009 for 45 MIGD of potable water from QEWC using waste heat from RAF B1, and was experiencing a delay. This was commisioned in 2010. Water transmission pipeline was commissioned in March 2011 and is under operation. Facility B (Mesaieed A) A PPA was signed with Mesaieed Power Company Limited on 27 March 2007. First power of 1,000 MW was reached in September 2009, and a facility date of 1st July 2010 for 2,007 MW. Water Security Mega Reservoirs 7 days strategic water stock through the construction of 5 mega water stations in different areas connected to each other and to IPWPs and to KM distribution network with a total storage capacity of about 3,500 MIG, in addition to the construction of 200 kms water trans- mission pipelines. Conceptual study was completed, and Consultancy tender for detailed design and site supervision will be awarded on 30/01/2012. New Reservoirs & Associated Project is 91% completed. Pipelines at Gharrafa, West bay, Salwa & Bani Hajer Headworks at Airport, Old Salwa, Project is 84% completed. Doha South and Mesaieed Town Upgrading of West Bay & Gharra- Project is 99% completed. fa Water Stations Headworks Construction at West Project is 100% completed. Bay, Umm Salal & Old Al Khor Water Stations Replacement of Distribution Net- Project is 91% completed. work in Doha – Phase 2 Consultancy Services for Water Conceptual study completed. Security Mega Reservoirs AMI (Advanced Metering Infra- AMI pilot project awarded. structure) AMI pilot project completion: Jul- 2013 Evaluation for Qatar-Wide AMI project preparation: Feb2014 Qatar-wide AMI tender award(depending on Consultancy assessment for the pilot project after completion) Mar - 2014 Wide Qatar completion by Dec– 2016. Nuclear Power Plant Investigation To explore possibility of using nuclear power.
KAHRAMAA’S BUSINESS MANDATE 18 ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 19 20
Table ET1 Main Generating Plants (2011)
Contracted Independent Power & Water Producer Capacity, IPP Contracted Capacities at end of MW Qatar Electricity & Water Company Ras Abu Fontas-A 8,850 8,600 497 Ras Abu Fontas - A 497 8,350 122 Al Sailiyah 8,100 62 7,850 609 Satellites: 7,600 Doha Super South 7,350 417 Al Sailiyah 122 7,100 6,850 567 Ras Abu Fontas B 6,600 Doha Super South 62 6,350 756 6,100 5,850 Ras Abu Fontas B1 Ras Abu Fontas B 609 5,600 5,350 1,025 5,100 Ras Abu Fontas B2 Ras Abu Fontas B1 417 4,850 4,600 4,350 Ras Abu Fontas B2 567 4,100 Ras Laffan A (Ras Laffan 3,850 Power Company) Contracted Capacity, MW 3,600 2,730 Ras Abu Fontas Sub-Total 2,274 3,350 3,100 Ras Laffan B (Q Power) 2,850 Ras Laffan 2,600 2,350 2,100 Ras Laffan C (Ras Girtas Ras Laffan A (Ras Laffan Power Company) 756 1,850 1,600 Power Company) 1,350 Ras Laffan B (Q Power) 1,025 1,100 2,004 850 Mesaieed Powerstation 600 Ras Laffan C (Ras Girtas Power Company) 2,730 350 100 Ras Laffan Sub-Total 4,511 Mesaieed Power Company Limited Mesaieed Powerstation 2,004 Total Capacity 8,789
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 21
Table ET2 Annual Electricity Generation from 2007 to 2011
Annual Electricity Generation 2007 - 2011
35.000
Year GWh Annual Increase, % 30.000
2007 19,462 14.0% 25.000 2008 21,616 11.1% 20.000 2009 24,158 11.8% GWh 15.000 2010 28,144 16.5% 10.000 2011 30,730 9.2% 5.000
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 GWh 19.462 21.616 24.158 28.144 30.730
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 22
Table ET3 Monthly Electricity Generation in 2011, MWh
Month RAF B RAF B1 RAF B2 RAFA SATELLITES RLPC RLB MPCL RGPC Total Jan 228,205 94,978 207,422 102,390 - 171,907 250,122 112,836 518,031 1,685,891 Feb 221,934 88,963 144,659 86,613 - 131,081 202,581 109,828 549,092 1,534,751 Mar 259,674 117,696 113,341 98,652 - 146,187 253,068 172,861 714,789 1,876,268 Apr 353,058 162,825 121,085 120,858 7,790 184,003 344,557 336,564 613,986 2,244,727 May 442,435 226,489 182,803 198,22 71,100 391,345 492,505 480,403 580,588 3,065,888 Jun 425,399 194,385 242,770 228,883 73,630 389,920 509,427 582,732 586,726 3,233,872 Jul 443,631 194,455 244,593 209,760 80,930 360,703 460,362 605,254 851,161 3,450,848 Aug 446,564 195,735 220,805 233,652 87,020 315,739 370,112 623,732 1,119,877 3,613,236 Sep 439,508 146,401 209,635 217,217 74,650 304,439 360,382 604,928 894,461 3,251,621 Oct 440,075 144,754 217,414 218,763 77,050 321,200 371,768 464,708 637,140 2,892,873 Nov 280,217 117,333 198,571 160,541 65,770 294,569 324,329 277,700 359,268 2,078,298 Dec 343,099 98,563 177,998 123,970 39,840 291,546 254,285 205,698 267,208 1,802,206 Total 4,323,799 1,782,576 2,281,096 1,999,520 577,780 3,302,640 4,193,498 4,577,244 7,692,327 30,730,480
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 23
Electricity Generated in 2011 by IPP , MWh
RAF B; 4,323,799 ; 14% RGPC; 7,692,327 ; 25% RAF B1; 1,782,576 ; 6%
RAF B2; 2,281,096 ; 7%
MPCL; 4,577,244 ; 15% RAFA; 1,999,520 ; 6% SATELLITES; 577,780 ; 2%
RLPC; 3,302,640 ; 11%
RLB; 4,193,498 ; 14%
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 24
Table ET4 Energy Transmitted in 2011, MWh
Month RAF B RAF B1 RAF B2 RAFA SATELLITES RLPC RLB MPCL RGPC Total Jan 203,218 94,814 186,994 74,762 (98) 144,915 212,961 106,532 490,646 1,514,745 Feb 197,085 88,805 132,776 60,614 (42) 108,764 171,688 103,926 517,454 1,381,069 Mar 233,505 117,511 98,835 65,543 (46) 120,443 216,137 164,305 673,614 1,689,848 Apr 323,444 162,598 107,403 90,088 7,551 156,375 308,319 323,930 577,800 2,057,509 May 407,955 226,233 162,649 172,247 69,898 364,437 452,351 463,851 544,587 2,864,207 Jun 390,593 194,138 223,364 197,927 72,407 364,308 470,250 563,366 547,228 3,023,581 Jul 409,294 194,193 224,498 176,320 79,614 330,360 421,690 586,269 802,824 3,225,062 Aug 413,242 195,472 199,860 200,942 85,647 285,546 331,933 604,519 1,061,511 3,378,672 Sep 407,567 146,221 189,074 187,615 73,480 275,033 323,785 588,367 843,185 3,034,327 Oct 408,616 144,581 195,661 188,434 75,818 290,145 335,916 451,178 593,245 2,683,593 Nov 252,987 117,172 178,158 134,577 64,707 268,531 290,781 268,965 327,699 1,903,577 Dec 314,442 98,432 159,887 95,658 39,208 265,169 221,296 197,158 235,902 1,627,152 Total 3,961,948 1,780,170 2,059,159 1,644,727 568,144 2,974,026 3,757,107 4,422,367 7,215,694 28,383,342
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 25
Energy Transmitted in 2011 by IPP, MWh
RAF B; 3,961,948 ; 14% RGPC; 7,215,694 ; 25% RAF B1; 1,780,170 ; 6%
RAF B2; 2,059,159 ; 7%
MPCL; 4,422,367 ; 16% RAFA; 1,644,727 ; 6% SATELLITES; 568,144 ; 2%
RLPC; 2,974,026 ; 11%
RLB; 3,757,107 ; 13%
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 26
Table ET5 Maximum and Minimum System Load Last Five Years, MW
Year Max. Load (MW) Date Min. Load (MW) Date 2007 3,550 10-Sep 1,000 1-Jan 2008 3,990 30-Aug 1,115 23-Feb 2009 4,535 24-Aug 1,270 6-Feb 2010 5,090 14-Jul 1,570 8-Feb 2011 5,375 1-Aug 1,785 13-Jan
Table ET6 Sectoral Maximum Demands for 2011, MW
Demand Type Magnitude, MW Date System Maximum 5,375 1-Aug Industrial Maximum 1,350 13-Jul Domestic Maximum 4,250 7-Aug
Table ET7 Annual Load Factors for 2011
Demand Type Load Factor, % System with Assistance 60,3% Industrial 76,9% Domestic 51,8%
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 27
Table ET8 Annual Growth Rates from 2010 to 2011
Demand Type Peak Demand (MW) Growth Consumption (MWh) Growth System 5.6% 7.6% Domestic 5.9% 3.3% Industrial 14.9% 16.9%
HALF HOURLY LOAD CURVE FOR SYSTEM MAX. ON 01/08/2011, MIN. ON 13/01/2011
5600 5400 5375 MW at 13:48 hrs on 01/08/2011 5200 5000 4800 4600 4400 Maximum 01/08/2011 4200 Minimum 13/01/2011 At 14:21 hrs DOHACE 200 4000 MVA TX1 tripped with load 3800 loss of 168 MW. 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 W 2400 M 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1785 MW at 02:55 hrs on 13/01/2011 1000 800 600 400 200
0 00.30hrs 01.00hrs 01.30hrs 02.00hrs 02.30hrs 03.00hrs 03.30hrs 04.00hrs 04.30hrs 05.00hrs 05.30hrs 06.00hrs 06.30hrs 07.00hrs 07.30hrs 08.00hrs 08.30hrs 09.00hrs 09.30hrs 10.00hrs 10.30hrs 11.00hrs 11.30hrs 12.00hrs 12.30hrs 13.00hrs 13.30hrs 14.00hrs 14.30hrs 15.00hrs 15.30hrs 16.00hrs 16.30hrs 17.00hrs 17.30hrs 18.00hrs 18.30hrs 19.00hrs 19.30hrs 20.00hrs 20.30hrs 21.00hrs 21.30hrs 22.00hrs 22.30hrs 23.00hrs 23.30hrs 24.00hrs
HALF HOURLY
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 28
Table ET9 Electricity Sectoral Consumption in 2011
Domestic Consumption (residential + commercial) MWh
= (Energy Transmitted or Sent Out – Transmission Losses – Ind’l. Consumption)
= 28,383,342 MWh – 624,434 MWh - 9,088,525 MWh
= 18,670,383 MWh
Auxiliary (power generation & water desalination facilities) MWh
= Total Electricity Generation - Energy Transmitted or Sent Out
= 30,730,480 MWh - 28,383,342 MWh = 2,347,138 MWh
Sector Industrial Domestic Auxiliary Transmission Losses Total Electricity Generation Consumption 9,088,525 18,670,383 2347138 624,434 30,730,480 (MWh)
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 29
Electricity Sectoral Consumption in 2011
624,434 (MWh)
2,347,138 (MWh)
Industrial 9,088,525 (MWh) Domestic
Auxiliary
Transmission Losses 18,670,383 (MWh)
Notes: - Small industries are not calculated in the industrial sector consumption of bulk customers. - Bulk customer consumption (industrial sector) reached 9,088,525 MWh in 2011 while it was 7.773.468 MWh in 2010. It noticeably grew from 2010 to 2011 by 16.9%.
ELECTRICITY STATISTICS 30 TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
32
Table ET10 Sub-Stations
11 kV SUBSTATIONS 400 kV 220 kV 132 kV 66 kV 33 kV GM PM I/D O/D PMT In service (as at 31/12/2006) - 8 28 65 4 1,776 4,061 1,113 Commissioned 2007 - 3 2 15 - 252 332 59 Commissioned 2008 1 2 1 17 1 256 301 63 Commissioned 2009 2 4 4 8 1 401 498 51 Commissioned 2010 1 - - 1 - 542 873 151 Commissioned 2011 1 2 - 18 - 381 449 84 In service (as at 31/12/2011) 5 19 35 124 6 3,608 6,514 1,521
GM - Ground Mounted Transformer I/D - Indoor Sub-Station O/D - Outdoor Sub-Station PM - Pole Mounted PMT - Pole Mounted Transformer
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 33
Table ET11 Cables Laid
Cable Capacity Period Commissioned 400 kV 220 kV 132 kV 66 kV 33 kV 11 kV
In service (as at 31/12/2006) 0.0 94.6 214.8 568.5 47.6 4,374.6
Commissioned 200 7 0.0 36.0 9.0 54.0 0.0 788.1
Commissioned 2008 0.0 37.2 17.7 93.4 0.0 647.4
Commissioned 2009 32.5 90.7 46.3 158.7 1.2 859.3
Commissioned 2010 94.7 419.5 185.9 225.5 - 927.6
Length, Kilometers Commissioned in 2011 1.0 2.0 - 18.0 - 1,187.0
In service (as at 31/12/2011) 128.2 680.1 473.7 1,118.2 48.9 8,136.6
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 34
Table ET12 High Voltage Overhead Lines
Capacity of Overhead Lines Period Commissioned 400 kV 220 kV 132 kV 66 kV 33 kV 11 kV Length in Kilometers In service (as at 31/12/2006) - 549.6 549.3 377.1 115.3 1,713.0 Commissioned 2007 - - 229.7 - - 21.6 Commissioned 2008 - - 3.8 (37.3) - 39.1 Commissioned 2009 267.2 - (16.0) (84.0) - 57.8 Commissioned 2010 125.6 - - - - 30.7 Commissioned 2011 1.0 2.0 - 18.0 - (77.2) In service (as at 31/12/2011) 393.8 551.6 766.8 273.9 115.3 1,745.9
Note that negative values means part of the OHL circuit route length was either retired or configuration was changed due to new projects.
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 35
Table ET13 Number of Electricity Customers
No. of Customers
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 No. of Consumers 193,307 210,057 234,658 255,055 272,745
From 2007 to 2011 the average annual growth rate of electricity consumers is 9.0%.
Note that “Consumers” as used in this context is the number of customers registered with KAHRAMAA, not Qatar’s population.
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 36
Table E14 Average Electricity Per Capita
Average Per Capita Consumption
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
kWh 6,000
4,000
2,000
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Average Per Capita 13,476 11,820 12,727 14,485 15,053 Consumption, kWh Year
Note: Per Capita Consumption is based on Total Energy Sent into KAHRAMAA network, less transmisison and distribution losses.
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 37
Notes: The downward trend of Average Per Capita Consumption in 2008 is due to the faster population growth than energy consumption growth, as shown in the following table:
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Avg Growth Population 1,226,211 1,553,729 1,631,728 1,699,435 1,759,227 Population Annual Increase 17.7% 26.7% 5.0% 4.1% 3.5% 11.4% Electricity Consumption in Qatar, GWh 12,034 13,524 14,947 16,844 17,393 Electricity Consumption Annual Increase 15.4% 12.2% 12.4% 10.5% 12.7% 12.6% Electricity Per Capita Consumption 13,476 11,820 12,727 14,485 15,053 Electricity Per Capita Consumption Year- onYear Variance -2.9% -12.3% 7.7% 13.8% 3.9% 2.1%
Previous publications’ per capita calculations from 2004 to 2007 were re-calculated and corrected based on revised and latest population counts from Qatar Statistics Authority’s web site (http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/index.htm). Per IEA standard only actual energy consumed (excluding auxiliary and all kinds of losses) are summated and divided into the country’s population. See Glossary for method of calculation.
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 3838 WATER STATISTICS
WATER STATISTICS TABLE OF CONTENTS 39
STATISTICS REPORT 2011 40
Desalination Plants were introduced to Qatar in 1953 with the first plant having a capacity of 150,000 imperial gallons per day (680 cubic meters). The size of plants and their location have changed considerably during the years and there are now five plants, namely: Ras Abu Aboud (RAA), Ras Abu Fontas A (RAF A) Ras Abu Fontas B (RAF B), Ras Laffan A (RL A) which is a new plant commissioned in 2004 and Ras Laffan B (RL B) which was commissioned in August 2006. However, Ras Abu Aboud (RAA) was decommissioned on December 23, 2007.
Water to the rural areas is supplied from potable station / well fields. In 2008 operation of the following wells for non- potable water production were transferred from KAHRAMAA to MMAA:
• Umm Quhab Dhakhira • Al Khuraib • Rawdat Al Faras • Abu Arayan • An Nasaraniyah • Al Khubaib • Al Kharrarah • Rawdat Rashid • Abu Samra (Brackish)
Ras Laffan A started on 7 June 2004 with initial delivery of 10.8 MIGD and was increased to 20 MIGD on 9 September 2004. In 2005, it was increased to about 35 MIGD while in 2006, they have delivered an average volume of 32.8 MIGD. In 2007, Ras Laffan A delivered an average volume of 36.6 MIGD. Ras Laffan B started 1 distiller on 24 August 2006 with a forwarding volume of 12.0 MIGD using the Ras Laffan A 1200 mm pipeline. In 2007, Ras Laffan B delivered an average volume of 12.59 MIGD and Ras Laffan B second distiller was commissioned on 29.11.2007.
Initial forwarding of 15 MIGD from RAF A1 station was started on 14 March 2010. Distiller 35 was commercially started on 23 March 2010 (First Water Period) and Distiller 15 was commercially started on 02 May 2010 (2nd Water Period). From 04 May 2010, 30 MIGD forwarding was started. The 3rd distiller (Distiller 25) was commercially started on 18 July 2010. Full forwarding of 45 MIGD was started from 14 July 2010.
After successful completion of Acceptance Tests 4 MED units for Ras Laffan C (Unit 11, 12, 13 and 22) became commercially available (First Water Date) from 02 October 2010 and . RL C Final Water Date (63 MIGD) was achieved on 21 October 2010 comprising all 10 distillers.
WATER STATISTICS 41
Table WT1 Contracted Capacities by IPWP at end of 2011
Independent Power & Water Producer MIGD Qatar Electricity & Water Company Ras Abu Fontas - A 55.0 Ras Abu Fontas B 33.0 Ras Abu Fontas B2 29.0 RAF A1 45.0 Ras Abu Fontas Sub-Total 162
Ras Laffan Ras Laffan A (Ras Laffan Power Company) 40.0 Ras Laffan B (Q Power) 60.0 Ras Laffan C (Ras Girtas Power Company) 63.0 Ras Laffan Sub-Total 163 Total Capacity 325
WATER STATISTICS 42
IPWP Contracted Capacities at end of 2011
Ras Laffan C (Ras Girtas Power Company)
Ras Laffan B (Q Power) 350.0
63.0 300.0 Ras Laffan A (Ras Laffan Power Company)
250.0 60.0 RAF A1 M I 200.0 40.0 G Ras Abu Fontas B2 D 150.0 45.0 29.0 100.0 33.0 Ras Abu Fontas B
50.0 55.0 Ras Abu Fontas - A 0.0
WATER STATISTICS 43
Table WT2 Water Production in 2011, Million Cubic Meters
Water Production in 2011
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0 RAF A RAF A1 RAF B RAF B2 RL A RL B RL C WF/RO Million cubic meters 56.8 51.3 46.6 39.4 54.6 77.9 74.2 0.24
In 2011 the total water production reached 401.04 million cubic meters, a slightly lower increase of 7.4% over 2010, compared to the period from 20092010- at 373 million cubic meters, an increase of 9.6% over 2009.
WATER STATISTICS 44
Table WT3 Potable Water Production Capacities from Wells and RO in 2011
Average Total No,. Of Wells with Designed WELL FIELDS Usable Wells Output, M3/ Remarks Wells Pumps Output, M3/Day Day Kept standby since 27.04.2005 due to the Al Rushaidah 87 80 34 8,100 - availability of Ras Laffan A water to old Al Khor Reservoir. Adh Dhibiyah 59 56 6 2,700 - Kept standby since 18.11.1998. Kept standby (emergency supply) since Al Judiyah 36 30 19 1,760 - 22.10.2005 due to the availability of Ras Laffan A water to Madinat Shamal Reservoir. Al Otoriyah 71 71 3 4,363 - Kept standby (emergency supply) Abu Thailah 20 20 3 2,400 - Kept standby (emergency supply) Stopped operation since 15.10.2001 due to Old Jemiliyah 9 9 NIL 850 - commissioning of the New Jemiliyah Station. Abu Samra RO Plant 5 4 4 672 663 Supply to Immigration/ Customs & TFS. North Camp R.O. station is kept standby since 22.10.2005 due the commissioning of Ras Army North Camp RO 5 4 2 1,100 Laffan A distillate main to Ghuwairiyah. North PLANT Camp Pumping Station supply is from Al Ghuwairiyah RPS Total 292 274 71 21,945 663
WATER STATISTICS 45
Table WT4 Monthly Water Production, cubic meters in 2011
Month RAF A RAF A1 RAF B RAFB2 RL A RL B RL C WF/RO* Total Jan 3,755,770 4,593,867 2,892,600 4,019,607 4,592,216 6,027,632 3,308,877 19,158 29,209,727 Feb 4,209,042 4,166,445 3,480,335 1,900,297 3,882,788 5,566,562 4,353,949 17,296 27,576,714 Mar 5,211,650 3,980,928 3,669,472 2,102,880 4,399,940 6,388,260 5,383,586 20,147 31,156,863 Apr 4,991,258 4,726,515 4,374,798 1,932,762 4,647,620 6,901,250 4,992,328 20,363 32,586,894 May 4,755,590 5,848,075 4,483,616 3,453,115 4,403,164 7,783,844 6,643,323 21,037 37,391,764 Jun 4,921,995 4,488,916 4,241,112 3,943,868 4,167,744 7,734,297 6,623,216 20,256 36,141,404 Jul 5,370,590 4,079,939 4,100,441 3,956,035 5,168,792 6,890,413 6,998,706 20,809 36,585,725 Aug 5,356,078 3,975,855 3,731,505 3,850,582 5,211,872 6,568,421 7,809,712 20,929 36,524,954 Sep 4,934,232 3,849,593 3,733,744 3,802,975 4,793,936 6,424,469 7,289,444 20,265 34,848,658 Oct 4,977,686 3,852,389 3,892,340 3,895,154 5,002,848 6,125,990 7,662,452 20,834 35,429,693 Nov 4,164,059 3,883,441 3,774,678 3,479,713 4,185,980 5,670,598 6,708,582 20,124 31,887,175 Dec 4,161,447 3,832,436 4,204,544 3,099,341 4,185,472 5,865,297 6,468,881 20,695 31,838,113 Total 56,809,397 51,278,399 46,579,185 39,436,329 54,642,372 77,947,033 74,243,056 241,913 401,177,684
Note: WF/RO = Well Field + Reverse Osmosis Plant RAF A1 and RL C were added in 2011
WATER STATISTICS 46
Monthly Water Production in 2011 by IWPP, Cubic Meters
40,000,000
35,000,000 WF/RO*
30,000,000 RLC RLB 25,000,000 RLA 20,000,000 RAFB2 15,000,000 RAFB 10,000,000 RAFA1 5,000,000 RAFA 0
Jul Jan Apr Oct Feb Mar May Jun Aug Sep Nov Dec
Table WT5 Total Water Production from 2007 to 2011
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Production, MM3 251.2 312.4 341.0 373.6 401.1 Annual Growth 11.6% 24.3% 9.2% 9.6% 7.4% Average Growth 12.4%
Water production from 2010 to 2011 posted an increase of 7.4%, compared to previous year’s slightly higher growth of 9.6% Average annual growth from 2007 to 2011 is 12.4%, indicating sustained increase in water demands, but generally slowing down from since 2009.
WATER STATISTICS 47
Total Water Production from 2007 to 2011
450.0
400.0
350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 mm3 251.2 312.4 341.0 373.6 401.1
Production figures above are from the viewpoint of independent water producers (IWP’s).
“Production” from the viewpoint of KAHRAMAA is the total volume of water forwarded from IWP’s to KAHRAMAA’s reservoirs. Auxiliary consumption at IWP’s are not considered part of KAHRAMAA production.
WATER STATISTICS 48
Table WT6 Rural Potable Monthly Water Production in Cubic Meters
Judiyah Rushaidah Well Total Abu Samra & North Camp TOTAL WELL WATER & RO MONTH Well Field Field R.O. Plant Production PRODUCTION Jan 0 0 19,158 19,158 Feb 0 0 17,296 17,296 Mar 0 0 20,147 20,147 Apr 0 0 20,363 20,363 May 0 0 21,037 21,037 Jun 0 0 20,256 20,256 Jul 0 0 20,809 20,809 Aug 0 0 20,929 20,929 Sep 0 0 20,265 20,265 Oct 0 0 20,834 20,834 Nov 0 0 20,124 20,124 Dec 0 0 20,695 20,695 Total 0 0 241,913 241,913
WATER STATISTICS 49
Judiyah Well Field; 0 Rushaidah Well Field; 0
Total Abu Samra & North Camp R.O. Plant Production; 241,913
WATER STATISTICS 50
WT7 Non-Revenue Water Reduction
Non-Revenue Water Reduction Last 5 Years
59.1%
60% 41.3% 50%
40% 26.5% 25.0% 30% 20.8% GOOD
20%
10%
0.0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Non Revenue Water (NRW) is the difference between the System Input Volume and Water Sold to Customers. KAHRAMAA has been intensifying its efforts to reduce the NRW and Water Loss to international best standards in the last 5 years. NRW was reduced from a high of 59.1% in 2007 to the current low of 20.3% in 2011 as shown in the above chart.
WATER STATISTICS 51
WATER STATISTICS 5252 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 53 54
PRIMARY & SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
“The primary and secondary distribution mains are being developed continuously and have grown from a total of 390 kilometers in 1971 to 6,459 kilometers at the end of 2011.” This excludes abandoned pipes due to necessary water network modifications, including replacements and modernization efforts.”
The number of consumers receiving a piped water supply has increased with the development of the mains network. In 1971, there were 9,500 consumers (customers) and by the end of 2011, this number had increased to 221,423.
The water distribution system is controlled from the Telemetry Control Center in Doha. The Operations personnel at reservoirs also control part of it locally. Production, pumping, storage and flows are controlled from the center through wireless links and telephone lines.
Water production in 2011 amounted to 401 million cubic meters. Production increased by 7.4% in the year 2011. The monthly average of the yearly total in 2011 is 31,431,474 cubic meters. Maximum monthly water production was in May at 37,391,764 cubic meters and the minimum was in the month of February at 27,576,714 cubic meters.
The growth of the distribution mains system has meant a reduction in the need for water to be delivered by tanker to the urban areas. There were 550 tankers in operation in 1976. In 2011 there were 864 tankers in operation, of which 89 were rented by KAHRAMAA, reduced by 24.6% from 2010 at 118 units. The number of KAHRAMAA rented tankers has been steadily reducing at the rate of 23.7 on year-on-year from 2007. Also, the percentage of customers served by tankers from 2007 to 2011 continues to reduce at a year-on-year average of 33.1%. In 2007 Kahramaa had 396 rented tankers. By end of 2011 this has been reduced to 89 units, a reduction of 77.5% in 5 years.
It is KAHRAMAA policy to keep tankers outside Greater Doha built-up area wherever possible and to serve customers through the network, rather than through tankers.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 55
Table WT8 Length of Mains Laid from 2007 to 2011 in meters
Year Total 2000 to 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 80 1,389 400 557 - - - 100 521,894 200,922 204,026 285,081 170,645 46,337 125 ------150 210,314 107,286 124,575 176,906 96,055 63,719 200 163,920 78,235 71,421 79,234 52,627 33,160 250 13,911 112 1,203 - 503 4 300 154,529 53,319 42,321 75,977 43,701 40,481 400 128,678 29,127 22,838 23,611 16,977 17,188 450 ------500 4,769 11 3 - - -
600 122,934 88,414 46,367 63,637 30,025 30,479 700 630 69 1,433 - - 2
Pipe Diameter, millimeters Pipe Diameter, 800 5,864 41 13 16 - - 900 17,359 26,263 29,275 34,539 75,928 67,547 1000 2,904 41 16 - - - 1200 23,692 16,170 891 15,625 10,678 27,495 1400 6,764 22,909 2,988 5,250 - 235 1600 57,542 9,737 7,211 53,155 - 317 Totals 1,437,093 633,057 555,137 813,031 497,138 326,964
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 56
Table WT9 Number & Length of Service Connections in 2011, in meters Service size from 20 mm up to 63 mm (MDPE pipe) – Domestic & Commercial
Size of Service 20 mm 25mm 32 mm 50 mm 63 mm Total in mm (MDPE) Type of Service Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. New Service - - 39,195.3 3,827.0 17,856.3 215.0 10,516.2 139.0 16,256.0 259.0 83,823.8 4,440.0 Reconnection ------Disconnection - - - 1,008.0 - 8.0 - - - - - 1,016.0 Maintenance / - - 18,886.0 4,651.0 65,228.0 909.0 607.0 163.0 695.0 118.0 85,416.0 5,841.0 Replacement Transpose - - 786.5 94.0 579.0 76.0 161.0 61.0 165.0 28.0 1,691.5 259.0 Size Increase - - - - 5.0 1.0 138.5 8.0 714.5 26.0 858.0 35.0 New Water Me- - - - 10,573.0 - 263.0 - 129.0 - 241.0 - 11,206.0 ter Installation Water Meter - 140.0 - 21,855.0 - 623.0 - 143.0 - 78.0 - 3,013.0 Replacement
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 57
Table WT10 Number & Length of Service Connections in 2011, in meters Service size from 80mm (3”) up to 400mm (16”) – Bulk
Size of Service 80 (3”) 100 (4”) 150 (6”) 200 (8”) 250 (10”) 300 (12”) 400(16") Total in mm (inch) Type of Service Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. New Service 3.5 2.0 1,333.3 25.0 180.0 2.0 249.5 3.0 - - 276.0 2.0 - - 2,042.3 34.0 Reconnection ------Disconnection - - - - - 1.0 ------1.0 - - Maintenance ------Transpose ------Size Increase ------New Water Me- - 13.0 - 10.0 - 3.0 - 3.0 - - - 1.0 - - 30.0 55.0 ter Installation Water Meter ------Replacement
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 58
Table WT11 Tanker Water Supply in 2011
Tankers Transport
Station Name Total Other Police Defense Education Municipality Rural Private Rented by KAHRAMAA
Al Shamal 7 10 1 3 2 6 0 40 69 Al Jemeliyah 9 0 0 8 0 2 0 10 29 Al Shahaniyah 14 4 0 16 5 35 0 120 194 Umm Salal 3 3 1 1 1 1 0 561 571 Al Ghuwariyah 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Al Khor 4 7 4 8 3 15 0 280 321 Gharaffa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wakrah 15 8 0 7 6 19 0 335 390 Al Sailiah 37 10 0 20 18 15 0 750 850 Al Mazruah 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 140 142 Mesaieed 0 2 0 3 1 0 7 80 93 Total 89 44 6 67 37 93 7 2,316 2,659
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 59
No. of Tankers in 2011
6; 0.23% Rented by KAHRAMAA 67; 2.52% 44; 1.65% Municipality 89; 3.35% 37; 1.39%
7; 0.26% Education
Defense
Police
2,316; 87.10% 93; 3.50% Other
Rural Tankers
Private Transport
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 60
Table WT12 Water Tanker Services Last 5 Years
Total No of Water Tankers Last 5 Years Government + Private + KM-Rented
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000 Number of Water Tankers 500
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of Water Tankers 2.133 2.459 3.195 2.459 864
Year
Total water tankers reduced by 59.5% from 2007 to 2011
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 61
Total No of Water Tankers Last 5 Years KM-Rented Only
400
350
300
250
200
150
Number of Water Tankers 100
50
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of Water Tankers 396 340 267 118 89
Wear
Kahramaa rented Tankers reduced by 77.5% from 2007 to 2011.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 62
Table WT13 Percentage of Customers Served by Tankers
The following graph indicates that increasingly more areas are covered by KAHRAMAA’s water network. This is observable by the fact that in 2007 there were 7,423 customers (4.9%) served by tankers, then by 2011 reduced to only 864 (0.4%), average year-on-year reduction of 2.7%. If this trend continues it is expected therefore that by end of 2013 there will be close to zero customers served by tankers.
Continual Diminishing Percentage of Customers Served by Tankers
5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% Percent served by tankers 0.5% 0.0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 63
Total No. of Water No. of Customers Served by % of Customers Served by Year Customers Tankers Tankers 2007 151,485 7,423 4.9% 2008 169,315 5,328 3.1% 2009 185,856 3,301 1.8% 2010 211,211 1,425 0.7% 2011 227,239 864 0.4%
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 64
Table WT14 Number of Water Customers
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000 Number of Customers 0,0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of Customers 150,485 169,315 185,856 211,211 227,239
Year
The average growth on the number of water customers from 2007 to 2011 is 9.9%.
WATER STATISTICS 65
Table WT15 Average Water Per Capita Consumption, Last 5 Years
Cubic Meters per Person per Year Year-to-Year Variance, %
Based on Based on Based on Based on System Input Authorized System Input Authorized Year Based on Based on Volume, Consumption Volume, Consumption Total Water Total Water Including of System Including of System Production Production Losses Input Volume, Losses Input Volume, Thereafter Net of Losses Thereafter Net of Losses 2007 205 198 135 -5% -5% -5% 2008 201 194 132 -2% -2% -2% 2009 209 204 142 4% 5% 7% 2010 220 213 158 5% 4% 11% 2011 228 223 177 4% 5% 12%
WATER STATISTICS 66
Cubic Meters per Person per Year
230 220 210 200 190 180 170 Cubic Meters 160 150 140 130 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Based on Total Water Production 250 201 209 220 228 Based on System Input Volume, 198 194 204 213 223 Including Losses Thereafter Based on Authorized Consumption of system Input 135 132 142 158 177 Volume, Net of Losses
Year
Note: Previous publications’ per capita calculations from 1997 to 2007 were re-calculated and corrected based on revised and latest population counts from Qatar Statistics Authority’s web site (http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/index.htm).
Calculation is net of forwarding and distribution losses. For more details, see Glossary on how water per capita consumption is calculated.
WATER STATISTICS 67
Table WT16 Water Storage in Reservoir in 2011
IWPP Reservoirs Total Installed Non-Operating Operating Capacity, SN Station Capacity, MIG Capacity, MIG MIG 1 RAF A 38 - 38 2 RAF A1 45 - 45 3 RAF B 19.3 - 19.3 4 RAF B2 29 - 29 5 RL A 40 - 40 6 RL B 60 - 60 7 RL C 63 - 63 TOTAL 294.3 0 294.3
WATER STATISTICS 68
KAHRAMAA Reservoirs Total Installed Non-Operating Operating Capacity, SN Station Capacity, MIG Capacity, MIG MIG 1 Airport 33 33 2 Old Salwa 9 9 3 New Salwa 36 36 4 Salwa Industrial 24 24 5 Wakrah 10 10 6 Mes Town 12 12 7 Mes Industrial 28 28 8 Garrafa 48 48 9 West Bay 54 54 10 Bani Hajr 24 24 11 New Alkhor 1 6 6 12 New Alkhor 2 18 18 13 Old Alkhor 4 4 14 Umm Salal 24 24 15 New Shahaniyah 1 6 6 16 New Shahaniyah 2 6 6 17 Guwairiyah 0.5 0.5 18 M. Shamal 10 10 19 Small & Medium 1.3 1.3 TOTAL 353.8 0 353.8
WATER STATISTICS 69
Table WT17 Water Storage in Ground Tanks in 2011 Non operating Operating Location (MIG) (MIG) North Camp - 0.676 Abu Samra - 0.5 Al Ghuwairiyah - 0.5 Old Shahaniyah - 1.5 Mazruah - 1.5 New Jemiliyah - 0.5 Dukhan - 0.5 Total - 5.676
Table WT18 Water Storage in Elevated Tanks in 2011 Location Capacity (Imperial Gallons) Operating Capacity (MIG) Madinat Shamal 55,000 0.055 Al Ghuwairiyah 55,000 0.055 Al Khor 55,000 0.055 Mazruah 200,000 0.200 Old Shahaniyah 69,000 0.069 Abu Samra 55,000 0.055 New Jemiliyah 80,000 0.080 North Camp 88,000 0.088 Total 657,000 0.657
WATER STATISTICS 70
Table WT19 Water Storage in Towers in 2011
Location Capacity (Imperial Gallons) WT-1 (Airport) 495,000 WT-3 (Luqta) 275,000 WT-12 (Naeeja) 250,000 WT-14 (Museum) 495,000 WT-15 (Asiri) 495,000 WT-17 (Ghanim Jadeed) 275,000 WT-18 (Rumaillah) 495,000 WT-19 (Hitmi) 275,000 WT-20 (Garrafa) 275,000 WT-21 (Khalifa Town) 275,000 WT-22 (Messai'eed Town) 495,000 WT-23 (Muraykh) 495,000 WT-24 (Wakrah) 495,000 WT-25 (Salwa Industrial) 495,000 WT-26 (Bani Hajr) 495,000 Total 6,080,000
WATER STATISTICS 71
Table WT20 Total Water Storage in 2011
Water Storage from 2007 to 2011
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Million Imperial Gallons 436.27 457.07 460.17 599.92 655.92
* Excludes non-operating reservoir under refurbishment or maintenance
WATER STATISTICS 72 GLOSSARY OF TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS
74
AMR Automatic meter reading, or AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting data from water meter or energy metering devices (water, gas, and electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing and/or analyzing. This means that billing can be based on actual consumption rather than on an estimate based on previous consumption, giving customers better control of their use of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption. AMR technologies include handheld, mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or powerline transmission.
Arab D Several major projects have been completed including the development of Dukhan petroleum fields leading to raising oil production to 335,000 b/d, Arab D project to develop the production of gas and condensates in two stages inaugurated by H.H. the Emir of Qatar in 1998. The Arab D project will increase production of natural gas to about 1,500 tons p/d to supply LNG Plant 4 in Mesaieed, which is in the final phase, as well as a project to inject gas into dead wells (in its final stage) and Al-Shu›la project for all oil production stations in Dukhan for the purpose of environmental protection.
Auxiliary power consumption Refers to the energy consumed internally by various integrated components of the main plant and supporting equipment necessary for the complete cycle of generating electrical energy and desalination of water, such as air compressors, pumps and fans.
Black Start A black start is the process of restoring a power station to operation without relying on external energy sources. Normally, the electric power used within the plant is provided from the station›s own generators. Often a transmission line will be installed to provide this station service power if all the main generators are shut down. However, during a wide-area outage, this off-site power supply will not be available. In the absence of grid power, a so-called black start needs to be performed to bootstrap the power grid into operation.
Combined cycle Combined cycle describes when a power producing engine or plant employs more than one thermodynamic cycle. Heat engines are only able to use a portion of the energy their fuel generates (usually less than 50%). The remaining heat from combustion is generally wasted. Combining two or more «cycles» such as the Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle results in improved overall efficiency.
CPBD Corporate Planning & Business Development Departmental level business unit of KAHRAMAA that is responsible for the overall planning, forecasting, coordination of energy & water demand, developing the mission, vision, corporate objectives and vision, tariff development, negotiation of power and water purchase agreements and many other high-level management and business functions.
CPR Corporate Performance Report A report presented to the KAHRAMAA Board of Directors on a quarterly basis, which depicts the progress of KAHRAMAA’s business
GLOSSARY OF TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS 75
and activities. In this report, the progress or achievement level of many activities are measured in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s).
CSD Customer Services Department A department level business unit in KAHRAMAA that processes requests for building permits, service connections and customer billing.
Distribution substation A distribution substation’s purpose is to transfer power from the transmission system to the distribution system of some area. It is uneconomical to directly connect electricity consumers to the main transmission network (unless they use large amounts of energy); so the distribution station reduces voltage to a value suitable for connection to local loads.
Domestic Refers to consumption of electricity or water that are not industrial in nature. In KARAMAA the National Control Center tracks Qatar’s entire electrical loads at two levels: industrial and domestic. Domestic loads cover residential, commercial and government demand.
DSM Demand Side Management
E Electricity
ENA Electricity Network Affairs Directorate level business unit in KAHRAMAA that takes care of electricity network expansion and maintenance.
Electricity per capita consumption Calculation is based on the following methodology as recommended by International Energy Agency suggested formulas • Per capita consumption of energy = gross production + import - export - transmission and distribution losses and divided by population • Gross production same as generation (and includes auxiliary) • Import includes assistance from other producers • Export is 0 • Electrical transmission losses is taken as 3.25% and distribution losses as 4.75% (excluding final connection), so a total losses is assumed as 8% of gross production
ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
GT, Gas turbine A type of engine using ignited gas running through a huge and very carefully designed multi-stage turbine to spin
GLOSSARY OF TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS 76
an output shaft that drives the plant›s generator. In a gas turbine, a pressurized gas spins the turbine. In all modern gas turbine engines, the engine produces its own pressurized gas, and it does this by burning something like propane, natural gas, kerosene or jet fuel. The heat that comes from burning the fuel expands air, and the high-speed rush of this hot air spins the turbine.
GDP Gross Domestic Product The total output of a country’s economy.
Grid A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a «grid»; however, for reasons of economy, the network is not a mathematical grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power. Much analysis is done by transmission companies to determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line, which, due to system stability considerations, may be less than the physical or thermal limit of the line. Deregulation of electricity companies in many countries has led to renewed interest in reliable economic design of transmission networks.
GW Gigawatt = billions of watts (capacity)
GWh Gigawatt Hour = billions of watts in 1 hour (electrical energy)
IT Information Technology
IWPP Independent Water and Power Producers
KAH S/S KAHRAMAA substation
KAHRAMAA KAHRAMAA
KM KAHRAMAA
kV Kilovolt = 1,000 volts (capacity)
kW Kilowatt = 1,000 watts (capacity)
kWh Kilowatt-Hour = 1,000 watts in 1 hour (electrical energy)
Loading desk Refers to a desk at NCC (National Control Centre) equipped with the required and hardware, software and connectivity used in tracking loads on the electricity grid and managing the loads in real-time.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS 77
m3 Cubic Meters, unit of measurement for volume of water
MIC Mesaieed Industrial City, south of Doha
MIG Million Imperial Gallons, unit of measurement for volume of water
MIGD Million Imperial Gallons per Day, unit of measurement for volume of water. Normally used to indicate the capacity of a water desalination plant.
Mm Millimeter, normally used in measuring water pipe diameter
MMSCF Million Standard Cubic Feet, a measure of gas volume
MOF Ministry of Finance, Qatar government agency
MPC Mesaieed Power Company, owns & operates power & desalination plants south of Doha
MSF Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) is the most commonly used process for seawater desalination. A MSF facility is typically located so that it uses steam from a nearby electricity generation facility. Seawater is heated in a “brine heater” and proceeds to another receptacle, called a stage, where it immediately boils (flash) due in part to the ambient pressure. The steam yielded is the condensed on heat exchanger tubes that in turn heat up the incoming water, thereby decreasing the amount of thermal energy needed to heat the feedwater.
MW Megawatt = 1 million watts (capacity)
MWh Megawatt Hour, 1 million watts in 1 hour (electrical energy) n-1 policy or criteria The supply system must be maintained stable during and after the disturbance in the system resulting in the loss of one generating unit or one circuit of transmission lines, as well as no loss of load is allowed.
NGL Natural Gas Liquid(s)
NODCO Qatar›s National Oil Distribution Company
NWRMDS National Water Resources Management and Development Strategy, a study sponsored by PWRC
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PASS-OUT Pass-Out: Refers to the steam passed out from combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGT). The pass-out steam from the steam turbine can be used to meet on-site heat requirements increasing overall efficiencies. This lowers electricity production, but improves overall economics.
Power Factor The cos ϕ, where ϕ is the angle between the current and voltage. Rated Power Factor = The minimum power factor at which a generator can supply the rated active power. The ratio of Active over Apparent Power (a typical value is around 0.9). The power factor can vary from customer to customer, as it depends on the electrical characteristics of the customer’s installed equipment.
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PWPA Power & Water Purchase Agreement
P/S or PS Powerstation
A power station (also referred to as generating station or power plant) is a facility for the generation of electric power. ‹Power plant› is also used to refer to the engine in ships, aircraft and other large vehicles. Some prefer to use the term energy center because it more accurately describes what the plants do, which is the conversion of other forms of energy, like chemical energy, gravitational potential energy or heat energy into electrical energy. Not all thermal energy can be transformed to mechanical power, according to the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, there is always heat lost to the environment. If this loss is employed as useful heat, for industrial processes or district heating, the power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined heat- and-power) plant. In countries where district heating is common, there are dedicated heat plants called heat-only boiler stations. An important class of power stations in the Middle East uses byproduct heat for desalination of water.
PWRC Permanent Water Resources Committee, an organization that plans and oversees security & sustainability of water supply in Qatar
QAFAC Qatar Fuel Additives Company Limited
QAFCO Qatar Fertilizer Company
QAPCO Qatar Petrochemicals Company
QASCO Qatar Steel Company
Q-Chem Qatar Chemical Company, Ltd.
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QNCC Qatar National Cement Company
QVC Qatar Vinyl Company, Ltd.
QEWC Qatar Electricity and Water Company, one of the independent power producers (IPP’s) in Qatar, supplying KAHRAMAA
QTS Qatar Power Transmission System, one of the independent power producers (IPP’s) in Qatar, supplying KAHRAMAA
RAA Ras Abu Aboud, an area south of Doha
RAF Ras Abu Fontas, an area south of Doha
RL Ras Laffan, an area north of Doha
RLPC Ras Laffan Power Company, one of the independent power producers (IPP’s) in Qatar, supplying KAHRAMAA
RO Reverse Osmosis s used to reduce dissolved solids from feed waters with salinities up to 45,000 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids). Municipalities and industrial facilities are able to use RO permeate as a consistently pure drinking water supply and to transform drinking water to high purity water for industrial use at microelectronics, food and beverage, power, and pharmaceutical facilities. The technology is also very effective at removing bacteria, pyrogens, and organic contaminants.
S/S or SS (Substation) Substation – normally refers to electrical power substation. An electrical power substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers.
SCADA Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition System SCADA refers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a factory, plant or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a central computer which then manages and controls the data. SCADA is a term that is used broadly to portray control and management solutions in a wide range of industries. Some of the industries where SCADA is used are Water Management Systems, Electric Power, Traffic Signals, Mass Transit Systems, Environmental Control Systems, and Manufacturing Systems.
TA Technical Affairs Directorate level business unit in KAHRAMAA that manages large electricity and water network expansion and maintenance projects.
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W Water
Transmission Substation A transmission substation’s main purpose is to connect together various transmission lines. The simplest case is where all transmission lines have the same voltage. In such cases, the substation contains high-voltage switches that allow lines to be connected together or isolated for maintenance. Transmission substations can range from simple to complex. A small «switching station» may be little more than a bus plus some circuit breakers. The largest transmission substations can cover a large area (several acres/hectares) with multiple voltage levels, and a large amount of protection and control equipment (capacitors, relays, switches, breakers, voltage and current transformers).
Water Per Capita Consumption Per capita consumption is based on the following methodology: • Per capita consumption of water = forwarding + import - export - transmission and distribution losses and divided by population (*see below for forwarding) • Forwarding as per KAHRAMAA meter (i.e.. generation less auxiliary) plus well head and RO production (forwarding) • Import is 0 • Export is 0
Per capita consumption = {System Input Volume - Transmission Losses} / Population
Where, System Input Volume (SIV) = {KAHRAMAA Production} + {Import} – {Export} = {R.O. Production + Wells Production} + {Forwarding Flow from IWPP} – {0} And Transmission Losses = {SIV} – {Distribution Figure}, where Distribution Figure is the sum of all Flows coming out of the Reservoir & Pumping Stations
Watt, W The watt (symbol: W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one joule per second. A human climbing a flight of stairs is doing work at the rate of about 200 watts. A first class athlete can work at up to approximately 500 watts for 30 minutes. An automobile engine produces mechanical energy at a rate of 25,000 watts (approximately 30 horsepower) while cruising. A typical household incandescent light bulb uses electrical energy at a rate of 40 to 100 watts. The watt is named after James Watt for his contributions to the development of the steam engine, and was adopted by the Second Congress of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1889 and by the 11th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures in 1960.
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SI multiples Multiple Name Symbol 100 watt W 101 decawatt daW 102 hectowatt hW 103 kilowatt kW 106 megawatt MW 109 gigawatt GW 1012 terawatt TW
Waste heat Waste heat refers to heat produced by machines and technical processes for which no useful application is found, and is regarded as a waste by-product.
The electrical efficiency of thermal power plants, defined as the ratio between the primary product and input energy, ranges from 30 to 70%. It is often difficult to find useful application for large quantities of low quality heat, so the heat is qualified as waste heat and is rejected to the environment.
Well field Multiple borings into the ground 30 meters deep or deeper to extract water deposits.
WNA Water Network Affairs Directorate level business unit in KAHRAMAA that takes care of water reservoirs & network expansion and maintenance.
WPA Water Purchase Agreement
GLOSSARY OF TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS