Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals In

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

PRE-FEASIBILITY AND BASELINE DATA

1.1 INTRODUCTION

New Pannippara Bricks & Metals proposes to set up a stone quarry unit at Survey Nos. 12/1(pt), 12/1/1(pt), 12/1/2(pt), 12/1/3(pt), 13/1/1(pt), 16/1(pt) of Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District, Kerala. The proposed Lease area for mining is 4.4542 Ha. All mining projects with lease area up to less than 50 Ha including projects of minor mineral with lease area less than 5 Ha would be treated as B Category as defined in the EIA Notification, 2006. Hence the proposal is put up for obtaining Environmental Clearance from SEIAA, Kerala.

1.2 PROJECT SITE LOCATION

The proposed site is located at Survey Nos. 12/1(pt), 12/1/1(pt), 12/1/2(pt), 12/1/3(pt), 13/1/1(pt), 16/1(pt) of Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District, Kerala. The land use classification of the project site is dry land. The location map of the site is given in Figure 1-1.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

Figure 2-1 Location map of the site

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT

The Project proponent is New Pannippara Bricks & Metals, having office at Building Pannippara (P.O), Edavanna, Malappuram – 676 541, Kerala. K. V. Moideen Koya is the Managing Partner and Authorized signatory of the firm. Authorization and ID proof of Authorised Signatory is Enclosed.

1.4 THE PROJECT

The proposed Project is Building Stone quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals with an area of 4.4542 Ha. The site is at Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District, Kerala. The Survey Nos. are 12/1(pt), 12/1/1(pt), 12/1/2(pt), 12/1/3(pt), 13/1/1(pt), 16/1(pt). It is proposed to mine 700 TPD of rock from the site. The lease is to be applied for 12 Years.

1.5 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AROUND THE PROJECT SITE

The proposed site is surrounded by various places like schools, Hospitals, residences etc. The same is given in Table 1-1. Table 2-1 List of Social Infrastructure around the site

Sl. Places (MIN 5 DETAILS) Dist. from Project No. Site (Km) Schools & Colleges 1 Pannippara high school 1.5km 2 Thoovkkad Badal school 4km 3 Pannippara Anganvadi 1km 4 CHMKMHS iruvaitti 4km 5 Palappatta Govt LP school 5km Hospitals 1 Rajagiri hospital Edavanna 7km 2 EMC hospital edavanna 8km 3 Health centre Edavanna 11km 4 Thalook Hospital Areacode 8km Places

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

Sl. Places (MIN 5 DETAILS) Dist. from Project No. Site (Km) 1 Thoovakkad 5km 2 Palappatta 5km 3 Vdassery 4km 4 Iruvaitty 5km 5 Edavanna 8km

1.6 DISTANCE OF THE SITE FROM SENSITIVE LOCATIONS

The sensitive locations from the project site are given in Table 1-2.

Table 2-2 Sensitive locations from Project Site

Sl. No. Places Dist. from Project Site (Km) Religious areas 1 Vadashery Juma Musjid 1.1 km

2 Pannippara town masjid 2 km

3 Ayappa Bhajana Madam 2 km 4 Pottiyil Temple 2.5 km 5 St George Orthodox Church 7 km 6 Vadavulam church 15 km River 1 Chaliyar edavanna 5km 2 Karimpuya nilamboor 30km 3 Chaliyar arecode 7km 4 Anakkayam river 28km

1.7 ACCESS ROAD

The proposed site will have access through the existing private road. From the quarry, rocks are transported to the crusher using the private road only. No public road is used for

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha this purpose. From the site a private road is connected to the Areacode – Edavanna public tar road. The Cadastral Map signed by Village officer and the Area Survey Plan approved by Village Officer are enclosed.

Figure 1-2 Image showing the approach road to the site.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The proposed project is mining of Building Stone Quarry within lease area of 4.4542 Ha. The proposed project is Category B, S. No. 1(a) a since the proposed mining area <5 Ha. It is proposed to mine 700 tons of rock / Day. The stone is one of the primary building materials. The proposed mining activity is the backbone for all construction and infrastructure projects, as the raw material for construction is available only from such mining.

2.2 MINE LEASE AREA

The proposed Lease area for mining is 4.4542 Ha. The details of split up of lease area are given below in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Split up of Lease Area

Sl.No Lease Area ( Ha) Survey No. 1 0.0669 12/1 2 0.7954 12/1/1 3 1.0773 12/1/2 4 0.5046 12/1/3 5 1.6179 16/1 6 0.3921 13/1/1 Total 4.4542 Ha

The said quarry lease falls between the geographical co-ordinates of the extreme boundary pillars are shown below:

B. P. No. Latitude Longitude 01 N110 12’19.78’’ E760 06’02.60’’ 02 N110 12’20.21’’ E760 06’02.10’’ 03 N110 12’23.18’’ E760 05’59.32’’ 04 N110 12’27.94’’ E760 06’00.06’’ 05 N110 12’28.02’’ E760 06’02.21’’ 06 N110 12’27.40’’ E760 06’04.61’’ 07 N110 12’27.56’’ E760 06’05.52’’ 08 N110 12’25.39’’ E760 06’06.13’’ 09 N110 12’25.50’’ E760 06’07.02’’ 10 N110 12’22.73’’ E760 06’06.98’’

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

11 N110 12’21.43’’ E760 06’07.43’’ 12 N110 12’20.93’’ E760 06’06.11’’ 13 N110 12’21.04’’ E760 06’05.31’’ 14 N110 12’20.62’’ E760 06’03.68’’ 15 N110 12’19.57’’ E760 06’03.22’’ The layout of mine lease area with the lease applied boundary, mine approach road, contour etc is enclosed.

2.3 PROPOSED METHOD OF MINING

Open cast method of mining on single shift basis is proposed to excavate the rock to gradually achieve the production target. Loosening of the hard rock mass will be effected through blasting. Blasting will be done by using Hydraulic jackhammer. Rock breaker will be used to break down large bolder to small sized bolder. Excavators will be used for excavation & loading of the blasted materials in to tippers/trucks. The rock waste materials if generated it will be used for mine closure.

Drilling

Blasting

Bench formation

Excavation

Loading into Tippers

Transportation to crushers

Schematic diagram of opencast mining method

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

2.4 QUARRYING / MINING

Based on the mode and method so adopted and taking geological parameters of the ore body into consideration, the quarry pit is designed such that the height of the bench is kept about 5.00 m max., and width is also kept 5.00 m.

2.5 DRILLING AND BLASTING

Since the quarry is being worked by mechanized means and the benches are kept at 5.0 m height and the Charnockite is the material which is hard to medium hard in nature, drilling and blasting is required to exploit the same. On an average about 850 tons of material required to be drilled and blast daily.

The broad blasting parameters are determined for the blasting pattern and blast design, which are as follows:

Since the bench height needs to be maintained 5.0 m, two sub benches will be created of 2.50 m height each and both the benches will be joined / merged together to form 5.00 m height. Blast hole will be preferably by jack hammer where the diameter is normally 32mm and the depth of hole is 2.5 – 2.75 m. Blasting pattern is generally square or rectangle or staggered with burden ranging from 0.75 to 1.00 m and spacing of 1.00 to 1.20 m. Usually single / double row of holes is blasted along free to achieve optimum powder factor, best fragmentation and minimizing adverse impact on account of blasting. Maximum numbers of holes will be blasted at a time in a round are generally limited to 20 to 30 with normal delay detonators to mitigate adverse impacts such as air blast, throw and the ground vibration. Holes are electrically detonated using electric detonators. Nitrate Mixture types of explosives will be used for blasting with 20 to 25 percent, proportion of primer/booster cartridges and rest as column charge. About 1 to 1.5 KGs of explosives are loaded in 32 mm diameter holes. And powder factor ranging between 5.0 to 7.0 Tones per kgs of explosives is achieved.

2.6 EXCAVATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS

Subsequent to the drilling and blasting, the material so dislodged/fragmented/loosens from the rock mass, the boulders so generated subsequent to blasting will be crushed or broken with the help of the rock breakers to the required size. Using Excavator the the

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha sized material is loaded to the tippers and transported to the Client destination/or other crushing and screening units for further process. Before the onset of monsoon, drains are cut along toe of the quarry faces to divert the surface run off. Garland drain is provided at the quarry top to regulate monsoon water to direct the same to the settling ponds / quarry pit to contain the quarry wash off and to avoid the same joining the adjoining surface water bodies / water courses. It also helps to avert eventual collapses and damages to the quarry faces. The pit will be fenced by barbed wire, such that no habitats can enter the pit and watch and ward is provided round the clock.

2.7 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

Table 4 shows list of machine used in quarry operation.

Table 2-2 Machineries to be deployed

Sl. No Equipments No. of Units Size/ Capacity

1 Excavator 2 220 HP 2 Rock breaker 2 - 3 Trucks/Tippers 3 10 tonnes 4 Compressor 1 45 HP

2.8 PRODUCTION DURING FIVE YEARS

The proposed project is mining of rocks. The site elevation is around 100 m above ground level. The lease area applied for is 4.4542 Ha. It is proposed to mine 700 TPD. The quantity of mined rock for one year would be 2,00,000 TPA. The height of bench is proposed as 5 m and width as 5 m. The proposed quantity of rock to be minded for five years would be 10,00,000 T. Table 2-3 Production Quantity during Five Years

S.No. Year Quantity to be mined 1 1st Year 2,00,000 T 2 2nd Year 2,00,000 T

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

3 3rd Year 2,00,000 T 4 4th Year 2,00,000 T 5 5th Year 2,00,000 T Total For 5 Years 10,00,000 T

2.9 TOTAL RESERVE AVAILABLE

The site is in hilly terrain and the site elevation is 100 m. The proposed life of mine is 12 years. The ultimate depth of the working mine is 70 m above MSL. Below table shows the Charnockite / reserves: As on November 2013

Table 2-4 Reserves availability

In situ reserves Unit : tons Category R. O. M. Waste Rock Geological reserves 40,90,000 2,18,000 Mineable reserves 29,68,000 1,59,000 Blocked reserves 11,22,000 59,000

Of the above Geological reserves of 40,90,000 tons, only 29,68,000 tons of reserves can be exploited/mineable, the balance of 11,22,000 tons of reserves are blocked up.

2.10 TOP SOIL AND OVER BURDEN MANAGEMENT

The top soil quantity & overburden quantity estimated to be recovered is 4,605 Tonnes. The top soil will be stacked separately and will be used for green belt development & overburden will be used for internal road formation. This is discuss in mining plan chapter 4.

2.11 STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES

There will be provision for storage of explosives like Nitrate mixture, Ordinary detonator, electric detonator, safety fuse at site. The quantity of explosives to be used is given in table below.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

Table 2-6 List of Explosive to be used and the Quantity

S.No Description Class Division Capacity

1 Nitrate Mixture 2 - 75 Kg 2 Safety Fuse 6 1 1500 Mts 3 Ordinary 6 3 6000 Nos detonator & or Electric detonator

The distance of the site from storage premises is 86 M. Log book will be maintained to enter the amount of explosives used per day and the stock. Proper safety measures shall be followed for safe storage of explosives.

2.12 FIRE AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Fire fighting systems like extinguishers will be provided in the explosive storage area and the workers will be taught about the usage of extinguishers. Also mock drills will be conducted to the staff as to how to respond during fire. The emergency phone nos. of nearby fire station, hospital will be made available at site. The staff working at site will be provided with safety shoes, googles, ear plugs during blasting operations, safety masks etc.

2.13 FIRST AID STATION

A first aid station will be provided with all necessary medical kit. All staff will be trained in first-aid treatment to take care of any emergency.

2.14 POWER REQUIREMENT

Since the project is rock excavation, there is no power requirement for the proposed project. Only one portable compressor is required.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

2.15 WORK FORCE REQUIREMENT

There will be ten people working at site during the operational stage. The workers will be hired from nearby villages and proper drinking water and sanitation facilities will be provided for them at site.

2.16 WATER BALANCE

Water will be used only for drinking and other mining activity purpose. The main source of water is from the open well and rain water harvesting pond present within the proposed lease area. Detailed water balance is given below:

Ground Water 11 K LD

Other purpose Human Consumption 9.5 KLD 1.5 KLD

Greenbelt Development Dust Suppression Soak pit 2 KLD 7.5 KLD

D Figure 2-1 Water balance chart

2.17 Project Cost

The Total cost of the project is proposed as Rs. 5 Crores. The cost break up is given in table below

Table 2-11 Project cost Break up

S.No. Details Cost (In Crore) 1 Land cost 2.50 2 Machinery 1 3 Vehicles 1 4 Cost towards EMP 0.10

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

5 Insurance 0.40

3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The main objectives of environmental baseline study are  To assess present environmental quality and the environmental impacts and  To identify environmentally significant factors that could preclude project development. The chapter contains information on existing environmental scenario for the following parameters. 1. Climatic conditions 2. Air Environment 3. Noise Environment 4. Soil Environment 5. Water Environment 6. Land Environment 7. Biological Environment 8. Socio-economic Environment

3.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

3.2.1 Rainfall

Malappuram district receives a total annual rainfall of around 2793.3 mm. District experiences heavy rainfall during the South West monsoon season followed by North East monsoon. South West monsoon during June to September contributes 73.5 % of the total rainfall of the year. The northeast monsoon contributes only about 30%. Rainfall is considerably less during the period from January to May. The distribution of rainfall during year 2008 to 2012 is shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Monthly rainfall in mm Malappuram district (Period 2008-2012)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total 2008 - 17.6 207.2 32.5 115 536.1 371 219 281.8 347.8 16.6 0.2 2144.8 2009 - - 19.8 46.4 143.3 337.9 993.2 243.1 256.9 200.1 257.5 12.5 2510.7 2010 1.4 - 0.5 92.7 118.9 654.5 522.9 302.9 236 408.2 252.3 20 2610.3

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

2011 10.9 18.6 11.5 143.5 59.2 925.3 467.6 484.5 402.2 285.4 134.4 2.4 2945.5 2012 - 2.1 0.9 171.3 31.0 495.3 420.3 440.3 203 142 70.8 9 1986 3.2.2 Temperature

The temperature is more during the months of March to May and is less during December and January. The average mean monthly maximum temperature ranges from 28.9 to 36.2:C and minimum temperature ranges from 17.0 to 23.4:C.

3.2.3 Relative Humidity

Relative humidity is more during south west monsoon season (June to September). It is more during morning hours and is less during evening hours. Humidity ranges from 84 to 94 % in the district.

3.2.4 Wind

Wind speed ranges from 2.9 to 7.2 km per hour with mean speed of 2.6 km/hr. The wind speed is high during the period from March to June and low during the period from September to December.

3.3 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES

3.3.1 Geomorphology

Literally "Malappuram" means hilly area. The word Malappuram is the integration of two words - Mala (hill) and Puram (place). As the very name suggests, Malappuram is hilly terraced tract. Geomorphologically of the Malappuram district can be divided into three viz. coastal plain (less than 7.5 m amsl) mid land (7.5 – 75 m amsl) and highland (above 75 m amsl). The coastal plains extend as a narrow stretch of land lying along the coast from Kadalundi Nagaram in the north to Ponnani in the south. It becomes very narrow towards north of Tirur and the maximum width is seen along Chauravallam - Tirurangadi area. The area lying between the coastal plain in the west and the high ranges in the east is occupied by midlands. This is the most prominent physiographic unit of the district. This is characterised by flat topped hillock with steep ‘U’ shaped valleys and ridges. The valley forms potential area for agriculture including paddy, arecanut, vegetable, banana and coconut. The hill tops are generally barren and covered by thick and compact laterite. The eastern parts of the district are characterised by steep hills, gorges and escarpments. The

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha elevation of the hill ranges goes upto 1127 m amsl. Most of the high lands are occupied by forests.

3.3.2 Soil The soils of the district can be broadly divided into the following categories [1]. Soils of the low lands (Alluvial soil) Those are mainly seen along the coastal plains and valleys. The soils range from exclusively drained to moderately/well drained sand to sandy clay in nature. [2]. Soils of Mid/Up lands (Lateritic soil) These are mostly lateritic soil, and is seen along the mid land portion of the district. These are deep to very deep, well drained gravelley to clayey. [3]. Soils of Central Sahyadri (Hydromorphic soil) These are deep moderate, well drained and clayey soils with high gravel content. Erosion is moderate to severe. Hard laterites with rock out crops are present. [4]. Soils of eastern part of Malappuram (Forest loamy soil) These soils are deep or very deep and well drained with loamy to clayey textures and having fairly high gravel content.

Figure 3-1 Soil Profile of Malappuram District

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

3.4 GEOLOGY

Archean gneiss is the most common geological formation of this district. The major economic mineral is quarts magnetite. The deposits of this mineral are found at Porur and Veettikuthu hills. Quarts-gneisses are common in Nilambur, Edavanna and Pandikkad areas. Gameti ferrous quartz is seen near Manjeri, Kondotty and Pantallur. Charnokite rocks are found near Nilambur, Mampad and Edavanna areas. Dykes consisting of plagioclase filspar and pyroxene in typical laterite texture are seen forming ridges near Manjeri. Iron ores of good quality is reported to occur in Nilambur and Ernadu Taluks. Chinaclay which is the chief raw material for porcelain is seen in plenty in Perintalmanna and Porinani Taluks and also in Kadalundi River. Ball clay deposits are found at Thekkummuri near Changarakulam. Lime shell deposits are found in Edakkara. The photos showing the geology of the site is given in Figure 3-2

Figure 3-2 Photograph showing plantation in site area

3.5 RIVERS

The main Streams of malappuram district are Kadalundipuzha River, Chaliyar river, Purapparamba River, Tirur River and Bharathapuzha. 3.5.1 Kadalundipuzha River : Kadalundi river, also known as Karimpuzha or Oravanpurampuzha, originates from the Silent Valley reserve forests at an elevation of 1219 metres above the sea level. This river forms a part of the west coast navigation

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha system from Palathigal in the south to Mannur in the north. It has a length of 130 metres with a catchment area of 1114 sq. km.

3.5.2 Chaliyar River: The river has two names - Chaliyar and Beypore puzha, of which the former is more popular. The river meets the Lakshadweep Sea at an 'azhi' (estuary), the southern part of which is known as Chaliyam and northern part as Beypore. Thus the river gets the names Chaliyar and Beypore River. Chaliyar is one of the rivers which doesn't get dried up in the drought season. Many other rivers in Kerala get dried up during march and April. Considered to be the fourth longest river in Kerala, the Chaliyar River with more than 150 km length, makes its way through Malappuram district. It is also known by the name Beypore River. Some of the famous towns and villages located on the banks of the Chaliyar River include Nilambur, Edavanna, Areekode, Kizhuparamba, Cheruvadi, Mavoor, Peruvayal and Feroke. The Chaliyar River is unique as it will not go dry even in heavy drought season.

3.5.3 Purapparamba River : Purapparamba, a small river of 8 Km., originates from the tail end of Purapparamba cut. It flows in the western direction and crosses the Madras - Mangalore railway line between Tanur and Parappanangadi station. The canoli canal connects this river with other rivers in the district.

3.5.4 Tirur River : Raising from the Athvanad village of Tirur taluk, Tirur river (length 48 Km.) flows South-west up to Thiruvnavaya and flows upto Elamkulam in the north western direction. Then it turns south-west and finally joins Bharathapuzha to reach the sea near Ponnani. This river is navigable and motor boat can play between Tirur and Ponnani. It also forms part of west coast water transport system.

3.5.5 Bharathapuzha : Bharathapuzha also known as Nila nadi or Ponnani river, has its source in the Anamalai hills at about 982 metres above the main sea level. After flowing through Pollachi taluk of Coimbatore District, it enters the Palakkad district of Kerala state. During its course, it forms the boundary between Palakkad and Trissur Districts.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

3.6 Groundwater Resources

Table 3-2 Groundwater Resources of Malappuram District

Assessment Net Annual Existing Existing Existing Allocation Net Stage of Unit/Block Ground Gross Gross Gross for Ground Ground Water Ground Ground Ground domestic water water Availability Water Water Draft Water and Availability developm Draft for for domestic Draft for all industrial for future ent irrigation and uses requireme irrigation (%) industrial nt supply developme water supply up to next nt 25 years Nilambur 61.94 12.35 12.4 24.75 18.08 31.51 39.96 Kondotti 30.92 9.80 9.38 19.18 13.51 7.61 62.03 Manjeri 48.96 26.85 8.71 35.56 12.74 9.36 72.65 Wandur 61.34 12.34 12.24 24.58 17.87 31.13 40.07 Vengara 22.97 11.69 8.83 20.52 12.66 0.0 89.33 Malappuram 31.89 10.29 7.64 17.93 11.11 10.49 56.22 Mankada 44.99 16.79 11.03 27.82 15.94 12.46 61.84 Perinthalma 45.73 9.99 7.56 17.55 11.04 24.7 38.38 nna Tanur 23.84 11.05 11.41 22.46 16.29 0.0 94.21 Tirur 27.88 11.03 7.94 18.97 11.49 5.36 68.00 Kuttipuram 33.6 16.54 8.03 24.57 11.59 5.47 73.13 Ponnani 24.22 11.88 4.44 16.32 6.48 5.86 67.38 Andathodu 22.31 11.64 5.62 17.26 8.21 2.46 77.36 Tirurangadi 27.05 8.68 11.0 20.08 16.3 2.07 74.22 Total 507.64 180.92 126.63 307.55 183.31 148.28 60.65

3.6.1 Ground water development The district has a bright scope for the development of ground water resource. The shallow phreatic aquifers are developed through dug wells. The depth of dug wells in the weathered crystalline ranges from 4.00 to 9.50 m bgl. The depth to water level ranges from 3.5 to 8.00 m bgl. The yield of these wells ranges from 100 – 200 lpm. The fractured deep aquifers are explored upto a depth of 300 m by Central Ground Water Board. The depth of casing in these bore wells ranges between 7 and 25 m and the potential fractures 23 and 201 m bgl. The thickness of fracture zone varies from less than a metre to 37 m. Laterites are the most extensive aquifer in the district and the depth of wells in these formations ranges from 5.6 to 28 m bgl. The yield potential of deeper fractures in the crystalline rocks ranges from 10 to 600 lpm. There is no major urban water supply scheme in the district. However major schemes are river based. But majority of rural water supply scheme depend on ground water. About 32

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

% ofthe schemes depend on open wells and 36 % of the schemes are borewell based. About 2 % of the schemes are a combination of open and bore wells. Springs constitute for 1.5 % of schemes. Only 21 % of the schemes depend on groundwater as their source. Irrigation practices using groundwater is at infant stage. However there is an increase in using ground water for irrigating vegetable crop during summer. The following areas have been suggested for further development of deeper confined aquifers in the hard crystalline basement rock.

[1]. The Karipuzha and Chaliyar lineanments are potential zones for the development of deeper aquifers in Chaliyar basin. [2]. The Olipuzha – Kadalundi lineanment (ENE – WSW) is a potential area for the development of deeper aquifers in Kadalundi basin. [3]. Minor lineaments trending E – W, WNW – ESE (Kottakkal, Kulattur) are also potential in Kadalundi basin [4]. The EW and NNW - SSE trending minor lineaments are good for ground water development potential in Ponnani basin [5]. The NW – SE trending major lineament is not always promising due to the local filling of the aquifer with clay. [6]. The intersection points of the major NW – SE lineaments with minor fractures are having very good groundwater potential The approximate casing depth varies from 5 to 25 m. No formation instability during drilling operation is expected in the district.

3.6.2 Water Conservation and Artificial Recharge So far no large scale planned artificial recharge schemes have been implemented in the district so as to augment the natural recharge to the aquifer system. Overall the district offers tremendous scope for artificial recharge due to the highly porous and deep lateritic profile, especially at places where the ground water is deep. Since the district is characterized by the presence of table topped mountain and ridges covered by lateritized beds, construction of artificial recharge by tapping surface run off is a feasible proposition. Abandoned lateritic quarry pits can be used as percolation tanks for this purpose. Figure 3-2 shows availability of tube well water facilities in Malappuram district.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

Figure 3-3 Availability of Tube well Water Facilities in Malappuram District

3.7 LAND USE

Agriculture is the largest and the most important sector of district economy of Malappuram, and about 70 per cent of population are depending directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihood. Nearly 50 per cent of the working population is engaged either as cultivators or as agricultural labourers. The main crops raised in the district are paddy, coconut, tapioca, arecanut, cashewnut, pepper, ginger, pulses, banana and rubber. The average yield of paddy is recorded as 1.74 tons per hectare. Next to paddy the most important crop is coconut. Coconut is extensively grown throughout the district. An important cash crop grown in the district is cashew nut. The district plays a major role in its cultivation and production. Among spices pepper occupies an important place in agriculture. Pepper is mostly grown as an intercrop with coconut areca nut and various trees. Rubber is the most important

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha industrial cash crop among the plantation crops. The land use Pattern of the District is given in Figure Below

Figure 3-4 land use map within 10 km radius from the site.

LULC Information (2005-06) for Malappuram Total Geographical Area : 3548 Sq. Km

Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

Figure 3-6 Land Use map in Malappuram District

Table 3-3 Showing land use pattern in Malappuram District in kerala

Area Area LULC Class LULC Class (Sq.Km) (Sq.Km) Builtup,Urban 23.63 Builtup,Rural 12.36

Agriculture,Crop land 297.18 Agriculture,Plantation 2134.12

Forest,Evergreen/ Semi Agriculture,Fallow 0.04 537.23 evergreen Forest,Deciduous 63.69 Forest,Forest Plantation 176.34

Forest,Scrub Forest 60.69 Grass/Grazing 2.57

Barren/unculturable/ Barren/unculturable/ Wastelands, Scrub 118.63 7.45 Wastelands, Sandy area land Barren/unculturable/ Wetlands/Water Bodies, Wastelands, Barren 21.42 17.28 Inland Wetland rocky Wetlands/Water Wetlands/Water Bodies, Bodies, 75.29 0.08 Reservoir/Lakes/Ponds River/Stream/canals Total 3548.00

The present land is a dry land. The land use certificate is enclosed.

Granite Building Stone Quarry of New Pannippara Bricks & Metals in Perakamanna Village, Eranad Taluk, Malappuram District – Extent 4.4542 Ha

3.8 Biodiversity

Malappuram district consists of four natural physiographic zones namely low land (2-7.5 m MSL), Mid land (7.5-75 m above MSL), high land (75 m-750 m above MSL) and high ranges(above 750 m MSL). Total geographic area of the district is 2966 km2. The actual forest area in the district is 163.17 km2, which forms about 5.50 per cent of total geographic major types met within the district are, West Coast Tropical Evergreen forests, West Coast Semi-evergreen forests and South Indian Moist Deciduous forests.

Figure 3-2 Forest Profile of Malappuram District

3.8.1 Flora The vegetations of evergreen & Semi evergreen forest near the project location are given in the following tables.

Table 3-4 Vegetations of Semi Ever Green Forest

Trees Saplings Seedling Shrubs Herbs Climber 1 Ailanthus triphysa Pterygota alata Pterygota alata Strobilanthes sp. Oplismenus Piper nigrum compositus 2 Lagerstroemia Polyalthia coffeoides Lagerstroemia Leea robusta Schtayphrynium Calamus microcarpa microcarpa spicatum thwaitesii 3 Hopea parviflora Xylia xylocarpa Polyalthia coffeoides Clerodendron viscosum Rungia pectinata Naravelia zeylanica 4 Polyalthia coffeoides Schleichera oleosa Xylia xylocarpa Glycosmis pentaphylla Costus speciosus Smilax zeylanica 5 Xylia xylocarpa Hopea parviflora Macaranga indica Ziziphus oenoplia Flemingia semialata Piper longum 6 Pterygota alata Macaranga indica Hopea parviflora Ventilago bombaiensis Pteris sp. Acacia caesia

7 Stereospermum colais Terminalia paniculata Cinnamomum Bolbitis sp. Desmos lawii malabatrum 8 Holarrhena pubescens Madhuca neriifolia Hydnocarpus pentandra Cyathula prostrata Diploclisia glaucescens 9 Hydnocarpus pentandra Madhuca neriifolia Justicia wynaadensis Caesalpinia cucullata 10 Terminalia paniculata Mallotus philippensis Phaulopsis imbricata Cosmostigma racemosum 11 Macaranga indica Terminalia paniculata Rhinacanthus Dioscorea nasutus hamiltonii 12 Ehreitia laevis Chionanthus mala-elengi Scleria sp. 13 Cinnamomum Ficus hispida Setaria palmifolia malabatrum 14 Baccaurea courtallensis Schleichera oleosa 15 Semecarpus anacardium Xeromophis uliginosa

16 Schleichera oleosa Ixora brachiata 17 Madhuca neriifolia 18 Dillenia pentagyna 19 Chionanthus malaelengi

Table 3-5 Regeneration status of endemic species

Sl.No Species Ecological Status Regeneration

1 Derris benthamii Seen in evergreen forests Deficient

2 Gluta travancorica “ Fair

3 Hopea erosa “ Fair

4 Litsea laevigata “ Moderate

5 Nothopegia travancorica Shades of banks of streams Moderate

6 Syzygium mundagam Seen in evergreen forests, along Fair banks of streams

7 Turraea villosa Seen in dense evergreen forests Moderate

Table 3-6 Regeneration status of endangered or threatened species

SL. No Species Ecological Status Regeneration

1 Adenostemma latifolium Evergreen forests Deficient

2 Aspidopterys canarensis “ Fair

3 Chilocarpus malabaricus “ Deficient

4 Cyanotis cerifolia Rocky slopes near streams of Fair evergreen forests

5 Entada rheedi Evergreen forests Fair

6 Epipogum roseum “ Moderate

7 Goniothalamus wynadensis Dense evergreen forests Fair

8 Impatiens acaulis “ Moderate

9 Impatiens dasysperma Moist zones of plains. Fair

10 Indigofera constricta Evergreen forests Deficient

11 Litsea laevigata “ Deficient

12 Memecylon talbotianum “ Fair

13 Phaeanthus malabaricus “ Deficient

14 Saprosma fragrans “ Fair

15 Stachyphrynium spicitum “ Fair

3.8.2 Fauna The forests of Malappuram division mostly lie on the Western Ghats. As these forests act as a buffer area to adjoining National parks and Sanctuaries, it is highly essential to provide adequate protection to the wildlife.

Species Observed Scientific name Habitat Status Common skink Mabuya carinata Almost a commensally Commonest and best with man. Equally at known of Indian home in semi-urban skink. areas and the forest. Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor Occupies all biotopes It is commonest from dry desert to thick agamid lizard of forest, Indian India subcontinent Common krait Bungarus caeruleus Inhabits a wide range Common of biotopes, fields, low scrubs jungles, human habitation

Wild animals are less in number and variety, only seen in the reserve forests of Malappuram division. These animals, especially elephants are often entering into the agricultural fields and destroying the cultivation in the vicinity of the forests. Among primates common Langur, Bonnet Macaque and Nilgiri Langur are commonly seen. Barking Deer, Mouse deer, Sambar and porcupine are more or less resident in this division. Black Langur is very rare. Common palm civet, small Indian civet and Mongoose are very common in this region. In the case of tiger and leopard, no recent sightings are reported. Both poisonous and non-poisonous snakes are frequently seen in the area. Compared to wild animals, birds are seen in good number and variety in reserve forests and also in adjoining areas.

3.9 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS

Air pollution can cause significant effects on human beings, animals, vegetation and materials. Air environment monitoring covers the parameter for which National Ambient Air Quality standards have been defined by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. Accordingly, parameters monitored were Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), and (PM 10), Oxides

of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). An assessment of baseline air quality has been undertaken in view:  To establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors, and  To identify the major air pollution sources and their impacts on the area surrounding the site. Table 3-7 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Concentration in Ambient Air Time Weighted Pollutant Industrial Areas Residential, Sensitive Average Rural & Other Areas Areas PM 2.5 24 hours 60 mg/m3 60 g/m3 PM 10 24 hours 100 mg/m3 100 g/m3 SOx 24 hours 80 g/m3 20 g/m3 NOX 24 hours 80 g/m3 30 g/m3 CO 1 hours 4 g/m3 2 g/m3 Lead 24 hours 1 g/m3 1 g/m3

3.9.1 Baseline Status The observed ambient air quality data within the study area from the project site is reported in the Table below. Table 3-8 Ambient Air quality monitoring Results

Parameters Values in ( μg/m3 )

Quarry Ayyankunnu Vanniyappara Angadikadavu Randamkadavu PM 2.5 18 25 20 19 23 PM 10 41 51 46 39 35 SOX 7 9 8 7 8 NOX 19 22 20 18 20 CO BDL BDL BDL(D.L1.145) BDL(D.L1.145) BDL(D.L 1.145) (D.L1.145) (D.L1.145) Lead BDL(D.L BDL(D.L 0.5) BDL(D.L 0.5) BDL(D.L0.5) BDL(D.L 0.5)

0.5) Ozone BDL(D.L BDL(D.L 10) BDL(D.L 10) BDL(D.L 10) BDL(D.L 10) 10) Ammonia BDL(D.L BDL(D.L 10) BDL(D.L 10) BDL(D.L 10) BDL(D.L 10) 10) Arsenic ng/ BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) m3 Nickel ng/ BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) BDL(D.L 1) m3 3.10 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The existing water resources, both surface and ground water with the corresponding significance are identified within the study area around project site. The representative sampling locations for surface water and groundwater are selected through reconnaissance to assess the existing status of water quality in the impact zone. Physico-chemical, nutrient, Oxygen demand, bacteriological and biological parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance is selected to assess the water quality status.

Table 3-9 Monitoring Results of Valapattanam River

S.No Parameters Units Results Method of Analysis

1 Color Hazen <5 IS 3025;2 P4 1983 R 2002 2 pH @ 250C - 6.86 IS 3025;2 P11 1983 R 2002 3 Conductivity @ 250C µs/cm 398 IS 3025;2 P14 1983 R 2002 4 Turbidity NTU 5 APHA 21stEdition 2005 3500 - E 5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 235 IS 3025;1 P16 1984 R 2002 6 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 11 APHA 21stEdition 2005 3500 - E 7 Total Hardness mg/l as 50 IS 3025;2 P21 1983 R 2002 CaCO3 8 Calcium mg/l as Ca 12 IS 3025;5 P40 1994 R 2003 9 Magnesium mg/l as Mg 4.8 IS 3025;6 P46 1994 R 2003 10 Chloride mg/l as Cl- 91 IS 3025;2 P32 1988 R 2003 11 Alkalinity mg/l as 48 IS 3025;1 P23 1986 R 2003 CaCO3

12 Iron mg/l as Fe 0.1 APHA 21stEdition 2005 3500 - E 13 Sulphate mg/l as 19 APHA 21stEdition 2005 SO4 3500 - E 14 Silica mg/l as 6.9 APHA 21stEdition 2005 SiO2 3500 - E 15 BOD mg/l 2 APHA 21stEdition 2005 16 COD Mg/l 12 APHA 21stEdition 2005

Table 3-10 Ground Water Monitoring Results

S.No Parameters Units Results Method of Analysis GW 1 GW2 Ayyan Vanniy kunnu appara 1 Color Hazen <5 <5 IS 3025;2 P4 1983 R 2002 2 pH @ 250C - 6.98 6.95 IS 3025;2 P11 1983 R 2002 3 Conductivity Microhms/c 629 653 IS 3025;2 P14 1983 R 2002 @ 250C m 4 Turbidity NTU BDL BDL APHA 21stEdition 2005 3500 - E (<0.1) (<0.1) 5 Total mg/l 372 385 IS 3025;1 P16 1984 R 2002 Dissolved Solids 6 Total mg/l BDL BDL APHA 21stEdition 2005 3500 - E Suspended (<1) (<1) Solids 7 Total mg/l as 105 121 IS 3025;2 P21 1983 R 2002 Hardness CaCO3 8 Calcium mg/l as Ca 24 28 IS 3025;5 P40 1994 R 2003 9 Magnesium mg/l as Mg 13.2 12.2 IS 3025;6 P46 1994 R 2003 10 Chloride mg/l as Cl- 149 162 IS 3025;2 P32 1988 R 2003 11 Alkalinity mg/l as 98 118 IS 3025;1 P23 1986 R 2003 CaCO3 12 Iron mg/l as Fe BDL BDL APHA 21stEdition 2005 3500 - E (<1) (<1) st 13 Sulphate mg/l as SO4 25 31 APHA 21 Edition 2005 3500 - E st 14 Silica mg/l as SiO2 19.5 20.3 APHA 21 Edition 2005 3500 - E

3.11 NOISE LEVEL DATA

The noise level measurements were carried out at the 5 locations. The observed values of noise levels in these seven locations are found to be in the range of 50 to 70 dB (A). Table 3-11 Ambient Noise Levels in Villages – Day/Night Time

Sr. no. Sampling Location Noise Levels [dB(A)] Day Night 1 Quarry 48 40.2 2 Ayyankunnu 51.5 42.5 3 Vanniyappara 49.2 41.0 4 Angadikadavu 49.7 39.8 5 Randamkadavu 50.4 38.5

3.12 SOIL ANALYSIS

Keeping in view the proposed activities at the site, the baseline data related to nature & quality of soil in impact zone are collected through field survey and available data sources including project proponents. To assess existing soil quality, five locations were identified within 5 km radial distances around the project site. Representative soil samples at each site were collected. Standard methods have been followed for analyzing the samples for physico-chemical, characteristics and parameters.

Table 3-12 Soil Quality Results

S.No Parameter Units Quarry Ayyankun Vanniyap Angadikada Randamkad s nu para vu avu 1 Textural Class - Brownis Brownish Brownish Brownish Brownish h 2 Silt & Clay % 12 10 11 12 10 3 Sand % 87 81 84 80 81 4 PH of 10% - 6.58 6.63 6.63 6.63 6.51 Solution 5 Bulk Density g/cc 1.48 1.45 1.46 1.41 1.47 8 Moisture % 12.5 12.0 11.9 12.2 12.0 Content 9 Organic Matter % 10.9 11.1 10.6 10.2 10.0 12 Sodium % 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.010 Absorption Ratio 13 Conductivity Microm 161 157 169 171 185 (10% Solution) hos 14 Available % 0.25 0.20 0.27 0.25 0.22 Nitrogen as N

15 Available % 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 Phosphorous as P 16 Available % 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.16 Potassium as K 17 Available Boron mg/Kg BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) as B 18 Available Cl mg/Kg 49 45 40 51 42

20 Available iron mg/Kg 1512 1498 1509 1519 1528 as Fe 21 Available mg/Kg BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) Manganese as Mn 22 Available mg/Kg BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) Copper as Cu 23 Available Zinc as mg/Kg BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) Zn