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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0135720 A1 Seabrook, JR US 2011 0135720A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0135720 A1 Seabrook, JR. et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 9, 2011 (54) POLYMER COATINGS CONTAINING Publication Classification PHYTOCHEMICAL AGENTS AND METHODS (51) Int. Cl. FOR MAKING AND USING SAME A69/48 (2006.01) A636/8 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Samuel G. Seabrook, JR., Mt. A6IP3L/00 (2006.01) Pleasant, SC (US); Glenn Stockum, (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 424/451; 424/736 Arlington, TX (US) (57) ABSTRACT This invention relates to compositions comprising a polymer (21) Appl. No.: 12/930,365 base incorporating antifouling compositions suitable for use in aquaculture, marine and architectural systems as paints, Filed: Jan. 5, 2011 structures or coatings. In particular, the present invention (22) relates to a polymer based coating incorporating a biocidal antifouling composition Suitable for use with aquaculture Related U.S. Application Data equipment. The present invention provides polyethylene compositions and latex compounds which may comprise at (60) Division of application No. 1 1/971,107, filed on Jan. 8, least one environmentally benign phytochemicals suitable for 2008, which is a continuation-in-part of application use in preventing the colonization of a treated Surface by a No. PCT/US06/26753, filed on Jul. 10, 2006. variety of biological species. The compositions of the inven tion may further comprise control release agents such as, for example, micro-encapsulation of the phytochemicals to (60) Provisional application No. 60/697,818, filed on Jul. 8, maintain Sustained and prolonged release of the biocidal 2005. agents at the treated Surface. Patent Application Publication Jun. 9, 2011 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2011/O13572.0 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 9, 2011 Sheet 2 of 3 US 2011/O13572.0 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 9, 2011 Sheet 3 of 3 US 2011/O13572.0 A1 F.G. US 2011/0135720 A1 Jun. 9, 2011 POLYMER COATINGS CONTAINING billions of dollars annually through labor intense mainte PHYTOCHEMICAL AGENTS AND METHODS nance to clean these materials. Aquaculture is an industry that FOR MAKING AND USING SAME produces at least 50 billion dollars per year globally and there is not a known environmentally safe antifouling coating for INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE aquaculture systems. As a result the industry loses approxi 0001. This application is a continuation-in-part applica mately 3 to 5 billion dollars per year in lost production due to tion of international patent application Ser. No. PCT/US06/ the results of fouling. Another 1 billion dollars per year is 26753 filed Jul. 10, 2006, claims priority to U.S. Provisional spent on the manual cleaning of these systems. Patent Application No. 60/697.818 filed Jul. 8, 2005. This 0006. Historically, toxic chemicals including heavy met application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent als and their salts have been added to marine paints to control Application No. 60/954,395 entitled “ANTIFOULING the build up of organisms on vessel hull bottoms and struc COATINGS, PAINTS AND POLYMERS CONTAINING tures. Two chemicals, tributyltin (TBT) and cuprous oxide PHYTOCHEMICAL BIOCIDAL AGENTS’ filed Aug. 7, (copper) have been in commercial use for decades as anti 2007. Reference is also made to U.S. Provisional Patent fouling agents in marine paints. However, tributy tin is now Application No. 60/796,661 entitled “PAINTS, COATINGS, banned worldwide due to its high toxicity to free-floating AND POLYMERS CONTAINING MICROENCAPSU marine organisms when leached into the Surrounding water. LATED BIOCIDAL PHYTOCHEMICAL AGENTS filed Cuprous oxide is also of concern because of the build-up of May 2, 2006. high concentrations of copper ions in harbor sediment, again 0002 The foregoing applications, and all documents cited after leaching from the anti-fouling coatings. therein or during their prosecution (“applin cited documents”) 0007. Both chemicals, therefore, have a detrimental and all documents cited or referenced in the applin cited docu impact on the marine environment worldwide and replace ments, and all documents cited or referenced herein (“herein ments are eagerly sought. However, attempts to replace the cited documents'), and all documents cited or referenced in current toxic chemicals with alternatives that are non-toxic herein cited documents, together with any manufacturer's when released into the Surrounding water, or mechanical instructions, descriptions, product specifications, and product alternatives that could dislodge attaching marine growths, sheets for any products mentioned herein or in any document have met with limited success. Furthermore, neither tributyl incorporated by reference herein, are hereby incorporated tin (TBT) nor cuprous oxide can be used in the aquaculture herein by reference, and may be employed in the practice of industry that requires agents that will not adversely affect the the invention. growth of the farmed fish themselves and which do not pro vide danger to the ultimate consumer. Antifouling coatings, FIELD OF THE INVENTION including Such as marine paints, typically comprise combi nations of binders, pigments, additives and solvents. The 0003. This invention relates generally to compositions binders determine the characteristics of the antifouling, which may comprise a polymer base incorporating antifoul including leaching of biocidal components into the Surround ing compositions suitable for use in aquaculture, marine and ing water. Pigments include the antifouling toxic agent(s) and architectural systems as paints, structures or coatings. In par various fillers. The solvents provide the application proper ticular, the present invention relates to a polymer based coat ties, while the additives are stabilizers for extended shelf life ing incorporating a biocidal antifouling composition Suitable and to prolong the efficacy of the paint or coating once applied for use with aquaculture equipment. This invention also to the ship Surface. relates to polymer coatings; UHMW polyethylene, VHMW 0008. The three classes of antifouling paints currently in polyethylene, latex compounds and latex compounds incor use are leaching (hard and Soft), ablative coatings and self porating biocidal phytochemical agents. The invention also polishing coatings (polymers). Leaching (hard and Soft) is the relates to compositions which may comprise microencapsu process whereby the toxicant comes out of the paint at a lated biocidal phytochemicals suitable for use as architec controlled and Sustained rate. Ablative coatings comprise a tural, marine, aquaculture systems paints, structures and coat soluble matrix in the coating (film) that is made up of the ings which may be suitable for use as protective wood natural product rosin and hydrocarbons that act as a binder in treatments, filter membranes, catheter coatings and food the soluble matrix. Self-polishing antifoulings are of two wraps and containers. types, those containing tin (TBT) and those that are tin-free. 0009 Non-toxic and self-polishing polymer coatings such BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION as silicones, TEFLONTM and epoxies are coatings that have 0004 Undesirable growth of animal and plant life on sub offered possible alternatives to marine paints containing toxic merged surfaces results in major costs to the shipping indus antifouling agents, but have found little or no use in the try, aquaculture and any other industries that relies on equip aquaculture industry. Because of the slick Surface marine ment Submerged in a marine or freshwater environment. This microorganisms have a difficult time attaching. However, marine growth, known as fouling, can seriously diminish the these non-toxic coatings would be further enhanced with the performance of a ship's hull through the water, as well as addition of environmentally benign phytochemical-based causing structural damage. Both marine and freshwater ves antifouling compositions. sels are susceptible to bottom fouling that can result in sig 0010 Non-marine structural surfaces may be also subject nificant economic penalties. to undesirable biocontamination. For example, in buildings 0005 Aquaculture is the business of the regulation and where high humidity and temperature are encountered, mil cultivation of water plants and animals for human use or dew, fungi or bacterial growth are encouraged that can release consumption. Typically, there is a rapid build up of marine airborne allergens and cause asthma and other ailments. fouling on the structures used in aquaculture Such as, ropes, Medical facility surfaces demand substantially reduced level nets, buoys, cages and traps, which is costing the industry of contaminating level of microbial colonization, usually US 2011/0135720 A1 Jun. 9, 2011 achieved by disinfection, to avoid nosocomial infections. If enhanced by the addition of at least one other antifouling persons or animals are to come into direct contact with archi agent or combination of agents. In particular, pomegranate tectural or other surfaces, it is desirable that active biocidal extract and grapefruit seed extract may be advantageously compounds that may be incorporated in the protective coat added. It is also contemplated that at least one protease may ings be both long lasting and present minimal environmental be included in the antifouling composition. The combination hazards. of antifouling agents of the present invention is believed to 0011. There is still an existing need, however, for effective inhibit or destroy biofilms
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