Consortium of Social Science Associations COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE

Volume XI, Number 4 March 9, 1992 CORA MARRETT TO LEAD At the National Research Council of the NEW SOCIAL SCIENCE National Academy of Sciences, Marrett chaired a workshop on women's employment issues and also DIRECTORATE AT NSF /IS served on two committees related to math and science education and scientific and engineering Cora Marrett, Professor of Sociology at the personnel. Marrett was also a member of the Board University of Wisconsin-Madison, has been selected of Directors of the Argonne National Laboratory. by National Science Foundation Director Walter Massey to become the Assistant Director for the She is author of numerous articles on Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences organizational structure, systems, and Directorate at NSF. Marrett's appointment marked communications; women and minorities in science the conclusion of a nationwide search for a and engineering; social stratification; and science distinguished scientist to lead the new directorate, education, and has previously taught at University of which Massey created in October, 1991 after North Carolina-Chapel Hill and Western Michigan extensive lobbying on the part of the social and University. She received her B.A from Virginia behavioral science community. Union College and her M.A and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Marrett, who also is a member of the University of Wisconsin's Department of Afro-American While Marrett will not join NSF full-time until Studies, has extensive professional experience in the May, she was recently in Washington to attend social and behavioral sciences. Last year she was House appropriations hearings on NSFs proposed named Chair of the Board of Directors of the Social Fiscal Year 1993 budget and to attend the CNSF Science Research Council (a position she now has reception for Rep. Bob Traxler (D-MI) (see to relinquish), having served on the board for eight following stories). She expects to return to years. She was also a member of the Board of Washington in mid-March for the National Science Trustees of the Center for Advanced Study in the Board meeting and the Senate appropriations Behavioral Sciences, where she had previously been hearings on the NSF budget. a Fellow. Marrett has held numerous editorial and committee positions within the American Sociological Association, as well as having served as a member of the Committee on Science, INSIDE UPDATE ... Engineering and Public Policy of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ·NSF Appropriations Begin in House; New Extensive Government Service Directorate Represented ·Coalition Honors Congressman Traxler Marrett has been a member of several ·House Science Committee Examines NSF; government panels including NSFs Committee on Concern About FCCSET, Facilities Equal Opportunities in Science and Technology (of •Senate Labor Committee Passes NIH which she was chair), the Advisory Committee to Reauthorization Bill with Research Freedom the Program on Ethics and Values in Science and Provisions Technology at NSF, the scientific advisory panels for •Ravitch Faces Appropriations Committee; Obey both the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Critical of Dissemination Plan Army, and review panels at the National Institute of ·CSRS Defends Budget; NRI Praised, Rural Mental Health. As a member of a presidential Development an Issue commission examining the accident at Three Mile • 1920 Census Data Now Open to Researchers Island nuclear facility, Marrett authored the section ·CNSTAT Celebrates Twentieth Anniversary of the report dealing with human actions. ·Education Department Announces Fellowships •Nominations Sought for First U nited States Peace Medal 2 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE March 9, 1992

NSF APPROPRIATIONS BEGIN IN appropriations, which Traxler noted was the largest HOUSE; NEW DIRECTORATE for any agency within the jurisdiction of the subcommittee, which includes NASA, HUD, the REPRESENTED /15 Veterans Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Noting the Subcommittee's past When Cora Marrett, Assistant Director­ generous support for NSF, Traxler declared that the designate for the new Social, Behavioral and Subcommittee will ·uve or die• by its 602B Economic Sciences (SBE) directorate at the allocation -- the process by which the full National Science Foundation (NSF), was introduced appropriations committee allocates the total funding by NSF Director Walter Massey before the House pie to its 13 subcommittees. Traxler said that VA-HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee on optimistically his panel would receive a 2 to 3 February 25, it marked the first time that the social percent increase over last year's allocation, making sciences were represented at the NSF directorate it very difficult to grant the 18 percent increa5e level before a Congressional panel. sought by NSF. Traxler pressed Massey to reveal how NSF would reduce its request if the increase Marrett was warmly received, by subcommittee were only 5 to 8 percent. While refusing to be chair Rep. Bob Traxler (D-MI), chair of the specific, Massey stated his priorities would be Subcommittee,· saying that in the case of himself and people, instrumentation, and facilities, in that order. his colleagues, "some of us graduated in those Traxler inquired whether the reductions should be disciplines.• Her appointment was praised by done by Congress or the NSF; Massey stated his subcommittee members Rep. Louis Stokes (D-OH) opinion that NSF had adeptly managed earlier and Rep. Chester Atkins (D-MA). Atkins, who reductions and should continue to do so. announced he was delighted by what he termed "the split" of SBE and the biological sciences, raised the Considerable time was spent on the proposed only substantive question about the social and 3.1 percent increase for the Education and Human behavioral sciences during the two days of hearings, Resources (EHR) directorate. With the asking about the findings of research on incentives subcommittee appearing to view this as insufficient, for workfare vs. welfare. Marrett was there in an Massey justified the small increase by suggesting the observer role (she does not officially assume her need to consolidate an area that had doubled in office until May) and acting SBE director Frank appropriations during the past two years. Since Harris answered the question by referring Atkins to staff shortages in EHR continue, it was important NSF-supported studies and data bases in socio­ to insure proper program management before economic processes, in particular the Panel Study on embarking on enhanced resources, he said. A'i has Income Dynamics and the General Social Survey. occurred in recent years, it is likely that the subcommittee will provide for an increase in EHR The majority of the hearing focused on the funding larger than that requested by NSF. NSFs proposed 18 percent increase over FY 1992 The subcommittee also inquired about the reorganization of the EHR directorate. Luther CONSORTIUM OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONS Williams, Assistant Director for EHR, explained the need to collapse individual programs to make them Executive Director: Howard J. Silver more effective, given the increased importance of Government Affairs: Judy Auerbach evaluation and dissemination in making the impact Public Affairs: Michael Buckley of these programs more immediate to teachers and Administrative Officer: Karen Carrion students. Williams added that the growth of President: Joseph E. Grimes programs such as the Statewide Systemic Initiative and the Alliances for Minority Participation also The Consortium of Social Science Associations represents necessitate a different management structure. more than 185,000 American scientists across the full range of the social and behavioral sciences, functioning as a bridge between the research world and the Washington community. Williams also was asked about the carryover to Update is published fortnightly. Individual subscriptions are FY 1993 of the $23 million Congress appropriated available from COSSA for $50; institutional subscriptions, for a graduate traineeship program in FY 1992. $100, overseas mail, $100. ISSN 0749-4394. Address all Although no new request for funding appeared in inquiries to COSSA, 1522 K Street, NW, Suite 836, Washington, D.C. 20005. Phone: (202) 842-3525, Fax: (202) the President's proposed FY 1993 budget, Williams 842-2788 hinted that the Foundation had unsuccessfully asked the Office of Management and Budget for an March 9, 1992 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE 3 additional $25 million for a second year of funding. Chairman's words from last year's debate on the According to Williams, the program announcement HUD-VA-Independent Agencies appropriations bill. is expected soon, with a May 15 deadline and The congressman thanked the group and shared awards made in early FY 1993, which begins credit with his cohort on the Subcommittee, ranking October 1. Republican Bill Green (R-NY), who also was in attendance. As NSF directors have done in the past few years, Massey pleaded for more dollars for salaries The eighty-seven guests gathered at the new and expenses. He noted that the large increase headquarters of the American Psychological proposed in the budget included $16 million for Association included Reps. Marcy Kaptur (D-OH) NSF relocation to the Northern Virginia suburbs of and Jim Bacchus (D-FL) and former Rep. Doug Washington, which Chairman Traxler jokingly Walgren (D-PA) as well as appropriations referred to as "overseas". Last year the House and committee staffers, NSF officials, and representatives Senate HUD-VA-Independent Agencies bill of the coalition members. removed the funds for the relocation, but Rep. Frank Wolf (R-VA) restored in the Treasury-Post During the past three years CNSF has produced Office appropriations bill the funding necessary for a brochure highlighting the accomplishments of NSF NSF to relocate in his Northern Virginia district. and discussing its pressing needs. This year it has This scenario may be played out again this year, as inaugurated a bimonthly briefing sheet "Frontiers in Traxler indicated his displeasure with NSF moving Science and Technology" which is sent to out of Washington. congressional staff who deal with NSF matters. For more information please contact: CNSF, 1550 M The sole question concerning the proposed 26 Street, NW, Box #3, Washington, DC 20005, phone: percent increase in the SBE budget for FY 1993 (202) 452-2127. was about how the $2.3 million proposed for the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) would be spent. Harris said he would HOUSE SCIENCE COMMITTEE provide information on that matter for the hearing EXAMINES NSF: CONCERN ABOUT record. FCCSET, FACILITIES //5 The Senate VA-HUD-Independent Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee, chaired by Sen. Walter Massey outlined the National Science Barbara Mikulski (D-MD), will meet on March 19 Foundation's (NSF) proposed FY 1993 budget at an to discuss the proposed FY 1993 NSF budget. oversight hearing held by the House Science Subcommittee, chaired by Rep. Rick Boucher (D- VA), on March 3. Using comparable testimony to COALITION HONORS his presentation before the House appropriations subcommittee the previous week, Massey defended CONGRESSMAN TRAXLER tfS the mix of increases for research, education and instrumentation in the proposed budget. The Coalition for National Science Funding (CNSF), feted Rep. Bob Traxler (D-MI), chairman Chairman Boucher was quite supportive of the of the House VA-HUD-Independent Agencies requested increases, especially those that enhance Appropriations Committee on the evening of individual investigator and small group research. February 25. The coalition, of which COSSA is a He did evince some concern that the presidential member, is an organization of 122 scientific, initiatives developed by the Federal Coordinating engineering, mathematics, and professional societies, Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology universities, higher education associations, (FCCSET) were responsible for an ever-growing independent research institutes, and industrial part (he claimed 40 percent) of the NSF research corporations, that advocates for increased funding budget. Boucher worried about the impact on the for the National Science Foundation. core disciplinary programs and the capacity of NSF to be flexible enough to take advantage of Rep. Traxler was presented with an award for unexpected research opportunities. his efforts to enhance the NSFs status and funding. Traxler was presented with a crystal disk with an Massey assured the chairman that the FCCSET engraving representing "a size twelve foot trying to initiatives did not hinder NSF, and while he fit into a size nine shoe." This symbolized the 4 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDAIB March 9, 1992

wondered where the 40 percent figure came from, he said they would enhance research opportunities UPDATE INDEXES AVAILABLE in areas already receiving support, such as biotechnology. The director also suggested that Topical indexes for the 1990 and 1991 editions FCCSET initiatives and core disciplinary programs of the COSSA Washington Update are now are not mutually exclusive. Furthermore, Massey available. To obtain a copy, please contact remained confident that NSF still could adapt to COSSA promising research openings.

Boucher and Rep. Sherwood Boehlert (R-NY) contraception and infertility, and fetal tissue also chastised NSF for neglecting to request FY transplantation, all of which have experienced 1993 funds for a research facilities modernization political interference. Under the bill the Secretary program. Boucher reminded Massey that the is allowed to withhold funding from a peer reviewed authorization bill Congress passed in 1988 provided and approved grant for "ethical" reasons only if he $250 million for this program for FY 1993. Massey, or she convenes an Ethics Advisory Board (EAB) -­ as. he explained to the appropriations committee, composed of experts in research, law, ethics, and noted that the zero-funding request was a matter of consumer issues -- which then recommends such priorities, and given budget constraints, he would withholding. If, on the other hand, the EAB opt for people and instrumentation over facilities. determines that the research is appropriate for Boehlert said his priorities would be to fund an federal support, the grant must be funded. NSF research facilities program before funding the superconducting supercollider. Although these provisions are significant, there was virtually no discussion of them during the The previous week the Subcommittee heard Senate Labor Committee mark-up. Instead, debate testimony from public witnesses. F. Sherwood fqcused on the fetal tissue issue. Proponents of Rowland, President of the American Association for lifting the moratorium argued that this was a the Advancement of Science, commended Massey research issue, noting the potential medical advances for implementing the recommendations of the Task to be gained in areas such as Parkinson's Disease, Force "Looking to the Twenty First Century" by Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes, AIDS, and other creating the new directorate for social, behavioral debilitating illnesses. Opponents of the legislation and economic sciences. argued that it was an abortion issue, claiming that the research would serve as an incentive for women to have abortions. (The possibility of two very different interpretations of the bill explains the SENATE LABOR COMMITTEE PASSES unlikely vote by Strom Thurmond (R-SC) in favor of its passage. Although he has been an ardent NIH REAUTHORIZATION BILL WITH opponent of abortion rights, his own daughter RESEARCH FREEDOM PROVISIONS .)fr suffers from Juvenile Diabetes, one of the disorders for which fetal tissue transplantation research is On February 5, 1992, the Senate Labor and believed to have promise.) Human Resources Committee, chaired by Edward Kennedy (D-MA) passed the NIH Reauthorization In the end, the issue was left unresolved at the bill (H.R. 2507) by a vote of 13 to 4. The bill Committee level, and will be raised again, in an includes many controversial provisions, most notably undoubtedly more heated fashion, when the bill those in Title II that would lift the moratorium on comes to the Senate floor, probably within the next federally funded fetal tissue transplantation two months. At that point, it is likely that action research.. will occur on the research freedom provisions, as well as other controversial areas in the bill (eg., Also included in Title II of the bill are authorization for an Office of Research on Women's "research freedom" provisions aimed at disallowing Health and for contraception and infertility research the withholding of funds from peer reviewed and centers at NIH). Opponents of the bill likely will approved grants on "ethical" or political grounds offer an amendment to eliminate Title II entirely. (See Update, January 13, 1992). These provisions are designed to encompass any area of research ACTION ALERT: It is very important for supported by the Department of Health and Human every Senator to hear from those who support the Services, including research on sexual behavior, research freedom provisions. This is where the March 9, 1992 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE 5

issue or sexual behavior research, and research research on standards, frameworks, and assessments freedom in general, will be addressed most and education technology. significantly this session. The message, in short, is: "Support the Committee-passed NIH Computer Network Questioned Reauthorization bill (H.R. 2507); and oppose any attempts to modify, weaken, or eliminate the Obey also expressed concern over OERI's Research Freedom Act provisions embodied in Title proposal to spend $6 million on the SMARTLine II or the bill." If you would like a sample draft electronic dissemination network, which would begin letter, and/or more information about how you can to develop new data bases and networks to allow help, please contact Judy Auerbach at COSSA. the public to access education research and practice Letters to Senators should be sent as soon as results via modem or an 800 telephone number. possible. Thanks! Obey argued that in the absence of a comprehensive plan encompassing the conceptual and financial framework of SMARTLine and an assessment of RAVITCH FACES APPROPRIATIONS this plan by both the General Accounting Office COMMITTEE: OBEY CRITICAL OF and the Office of Technology Assessment, he would be unwilling to support the requested $6 million DISSEMINATION PLAN 11.9 "down payment.• After some contentious exchanges between himself and Ravitch, she agreed to provide Diane Ravitch, Assistant Secretary for such a plan. Education Research and Improvement (OERI) at the Department of Education, defended her office's OERI's reputation on Capitol Hill for having proposed FY 1993 budget before the House Labor, supported what some have perceived to be poor HHS, Education Appropriations Subcommittee on quality research and for politicizing its research March 4. When asked by subcommittee chair Rep. agenda does not appear to have been shaken, as William Natcher (D-KY) if the 53 percent requested both Chairman Natcher and Ranking Republican increase was justified, Ravitch emphatically answered Carl Pursell (R-MI) asked about research quality, "Absolutely!" and Rep. John Porter (R-IL) noted the "politicization" problem. Ravitch defended her Ravitch advocated increased funding on the office as non-partisan and suggested the political grounds that expanded research on school problems were from ten years ago. While admitting improvement will lead to higher expectations and that there is some "bad" education research, she higher standards for schools which, in turn, will lead argued the same could be said for research in any to higher achievement. Other important discipline, and that to believe that schools will get components of this higher achievement are a better in the absence of research is "unrealistic." challenging curricula and parental involvement, Ravitch added. While noting that the FY 1993 proposed research budget is slightly over 1 percent of the total departmental budget, Ravitch declared CSRS DEFENDS BUDGET: that the mission of OERI is to promote "equity and NRI PRAISED, RURAL excellence" in education. DEVELOPMENT AN ISSUE #::5

Chairman Natcher inquired if the current mix of The Cooperative State Research Service (CSRS) research conducted by regional laboratories, research of the U.S. Department of Agriculture defended its centers, and individual investigator awards was budget before a March 3 hearing of the Senate "about right,• and Ravitch replied that it reflects a Agriculture and Rural Development Appropriations "balanced portfolio." However, subcommittee Subcommittee chaired by Sen. Quentin Burdick (O­ member Rep. David Obey (D-WI) raised questions NO). In between questions about commodities, about the proposed increases for the labs, centers, biotechnology, and plant diseases, a number of Field Initiated Studies (FIS), and the ERIC Senators raised questions about the National Clearinghouse. He noted that for these four Research Initiative Competitive Grants (NRI) traditional components of the research budget the program and research on the social and economic increase was only $500,000. Ravitch noted that FIS conditions in rural areas. was increasing from $1 to $2 million. Ravitch did not explain which progratns would see decreases in Sen. Christopher 'Kit' Bond (R-MO) was order to allow for this increase. The bulk of the concerned about the economic decline of rural requested increase, $43.5 million, is slated for 6 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE March 9, 1992

areas. Referring to an article in the March 2 Washington Post that reported on a study of rural 1920 CENSUS DATA NOW poverty, Bond suggested we still lack "a base of OPEN TO RESEARCHERS;11b information" to explain these situations. He was particularly disturbed by the zero funding proposed The National Archives announced that the data for the Food and Agriculture Policy Research from the 1920 census are now available to the Institute at the University of Missouri and Iowa public through the National Archives in State University and the Rural Policy Research Washington, D.C., the 12 regional archives across Institute at the Universities of Missouri, Arkansas, the nation, and through microfilm sales and and Nebraska. Both of these have been funded by rentals. To protect individual privacy, federal law the Special Grants program in the past. prohibits release of personal census data for 72 years. The data sets from the censuses of 1790 John Patrick Jordan, administrator of the CSRS, through 1910 have been publicly released, though defended the decision not to include funding for most of the data collected in the 1890 census these institutes by noting that the Markets, Trade were destroyed by fire. and Policy component of the NRI was "a strong growth area." None of the Senators questioned this, For more information on the 1920 census, although in the proposed $53 million increase for contact the National Archives, Reference Services NRI for FY 1993 MTP receives only $1 million. Branch, Washington, D.C. 20408, phone: (202) 501-5400. Sen. Mark Hatfield (R-OR), ranking Republican on the panel, praised the NRI and the proposed significant increase. According to Jordan, in 1991 generation to another, an assertion that is often 10,000 reviewers examined 2,800 proposals made by politicians. He also mentioned the need to requesting $(>()(} million in funding. Since only $73 collect data on teenage sexual behavior and AIDS. million was available, only 22 percent of proposals Last summer, Moynihan led Senate opposition to were funded and most of the funds requested by Senator Jesse Helms's (R-NC) successful these grantees was cut in half. The authorized level amendment that effectively killed the Survey of for NRI of $500 million was still a distant goal on Health and Aids Risk Prevalence (SHARP). The the horizon. New York Senator has also been an outspoken opponent of HHS Secretary Louis Sullivan's cancellation of the American Teenage Study. CNSTAT CELEBRATES Sawyer was responsible for a new CNSTAT TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY J.i.5 study of the census in the year 2000. As Chairman of the House Subcommittee on Census and The Committee on National Statistics Population, the Ohio representative has been a ( CNSTAT) celebrated its twentieth anniversary leading player in the debate over the quality of the during its meeting on February 21. Joining in the data collected by the 1990 census. During his celebration were Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D­ remarks to CNSTAT Sawyer urged a fundamental NY) and Rep. Tom Sawyer (D-OH), as well as rethinking of census design and a comprehensive members of the President's Commission on Federal review of why and how the population is measured. Statistics, the group that recommended the creation of the Committee. CNSTAT is a major division of CNSTA T's study of the census in the year 2000 the National Academy of Sciences-National will be conducted by two panels. One, mandated by Research Council Commission on Behavioral and Congress, will focus on census requirements and Social Sciences and Education. examine alternative ways of enumerating the population, evaluate the needs for data currently Moynihan, who spoke at dinner, urged more collected in the census, and identify whether the data collection on issues of public policy. He census or other types of data collection may be particularly advocated the development of a more effective in meeting the nation's statistical statistical system to permit the measurement, needs. Charles Schultze, former Chairman of the analysis, and reporting of welfare dependency, which Council of Economic Advisers, currently a senior is included in legislation he has introduced. The fellow at the Brookings Institution and a member of Senator noted that there are basically no data on the COSSA Board of Directors, will lead this panel. whether welfare dependency is transferred from one March 9, 1992 COSSA WASHINGTON UPDATE 7

The second panel, requested by the Bureau of department is inviting research on a wide range of the Census, will focus on the more technical aspects issues relevant to education in America. of evaluating alternative census methods. Norman Bradburn, Director of the National Opinion Deadline for applications is April 17. For more Research Center at the University of Chicago, will information contact: Dr. Jeffrey Gilmore, U.S. chair this panel. Both panels are expected to have Department of Education, O.E.R.I., SSS New Jersey an important impact on the future of the federal Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20208, phone: statistical system. (202) 219-2243.

The Committee will also soon be embarking on a new study, also requested by the Congress, that NOMINATIONS SOUGHT FOR FIRST will address statistical issues involved in measuring UNITED STATES PEACE MEDAL Al~ and understanding poverty. The study will focus on the concepts, information, and measurement Nominattons are being sought for the first methods needed for decisions on poverty thresholds annual Spark M. Matsunaga Medal of Peace and minimum welfare benefits. honoring the late Senator from Hawaii, a longtime proponent of peace education and a federal peace During the meeting, Allen Wallis, former Under institution. The medal, the first of its kind Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, who served authorized by United States law, acknowledges as Chair of the President's Commission on Federal extraordinary achievements in research, education, Statistics, and Frederick Mosteller, distinguished or training in the fields of international professor at Harvard University, who served as vice­ peacemaking and conflict resolution. In addition to chair, offered a retrospective look at the work of the bronze medal designed by the U.S. mint, the commission and its vision for the Committee on laureates will receive a $25,000 award. National Statistics. Current Committee chair Burton Singer of Yale University, and past chairs, The United States Institute of Peace is an William Kruskal of the University of Chicago and independent federal institution created and funded Stephen Fienberg of York University, also offered by the U.S. Congress to promote research, their perspectives on the activities of CNSTAT education, and training in the fields of international during the past twenty years. All proclaimed the peacemaking and conflict resolution. Its activities merits of having a distinguished group to select and include grantmaking, fellowships, in-house research study statistical topics to improve the national projects, citizen education programs, and statistical system and the data that help publications. policymakers make public policy decisions. Nominations must be received by April 30, For further information about the Committee 1992. For more information, contact: U.S. Institute on National Statistics, its recent publications, and of Peace, 1550 M Street, N.W., Suite 700, current activities, contact Miron L Straf, Director, Washington, D.C. 20005, phone (202) 457-1700. 2101 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20418. 202/334-3096.

Editor's note: COSSA would like to thank Flossie Wolf of CNSTAT for her assistance in preparing this article.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCES FELLOWSHIPS /?;~

The Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) recently announced it is accepting applications for its FY 1992 fellowship program. Fellows will engage in research at OERI in Washington and will receive a stipend and travel allowances. The MEMBERS

Ameriqin Anthropological Association American Psychological Association Association of American Geographers American Economic Association American Sociological Association Association of American Law Schools American Historical Association American Stalislical Association Linguistic Society of America American Political Science Association AFFILIATES

American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business Law and Society Association Society for Research on Adolescence American Association for Public Opinion Research Midwest Sociological Society Society for Research in Child Development American Educational Research Association National Council on Family Relations Society for the Advancement oC American Society of Criminology National Council for the Social Studies Socio-Economics Association for Asian Studies North American Regional Science Council Society for the Scientific Study of Religion Association for Social Sciences in Health North Central Sociological Association Society for the Scientific Study oC Sex Association of Research Libraries Operations Research Society of America Southern Sociological Society Eastern Sociological Society Population Association of America Southwestern Social Science Association History of Science Society Rural Sociology Society Speech Communication Association International Studies Association Social Science History Association The Institute for Management Sciences

CONTRIBUTORS

American Council of Learned Societies University of Illinois University of Pittsburgh American University Indiana University Princeton University Arizona Slate University Institute for Social Research, University of Purdue University Boston University Michigan University of Rhode Island Brookings Institution University of Iowa Nelson A Rockefeller College of Public University of California, Berkeley Johns Hopkins University Affairs and Policy, State University of New University of California, Los Angeles Massachuseus Instilule of Tuchnology York at Albany University of California, San Diego Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Social Science Research Council University of California, Santa Barbara Affairs, Syracuse University University of Southern California Carnegie-Mellon University University of Michigan Stanford University Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Michigan State University State University of New York, Stony Brook University of Chicago University of Minnesota University of Tunnessee University of Cincinnati University of Missouri Tuxas A & M University University of Colorado National Opinion Research Center Tulane University Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research New York University University of Virginia Cornell University University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill University of 'Mlshington Duke University Northwestern University University of Wisconsin, Madison Emory University Ohio Slate University University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee University of Georgia University of Oregon Yale University Haivard University Pennsylvania State University

Consortium of Social Science Associations 1522 K Street, NW, Suite 836, Washington, DC 20005