WWW.IRCF.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 27(2):281–283 • AUG 2020

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES Clutch. Chasing Bullsnakes Size (Pituophis catenifer of sayi) in Wisconsin:a High-elevation Lizard, On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 .theThe Shared HistoryMontane of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis )Toad-headed and Humans on Grenada: Agama A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198 (PhrynocephalusRESEARCH ARTICLES theobaldi Blyth 1863) . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida ...... fromBrian the J. Camposano, Trans-Himalayas Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212

CONSERVATIONDimpi A. ALERTPatel1, Pankaj Raina1, Sunetro Ghoshal1, and Animesh Talukdar2 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 1 . More Than MammalsDepartment ...... of Wildlife Protection, Leh, Ladakh-194101, India ([email protected])...... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index”2Wildlife of Biodiversity Institute ...... of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttrakhand-248001, India ...... 225

HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ...... Shannon Plummer 226

f the 40 speciesPROFILE of toad-headed agamas in the genus invasive technique to diagnose pregnancy in an adult female OPhrynocephalus. Kraigthat Adler: are A Lifetimedistributed Promoting Herpetologythroughout ...... the in Ladakh, India. Michael L. Treglia 234 deserts of central AsiaCOMMENTARY (Guo and Wang 2007), six viviparous We captured two adult Phrynocephalus theobaldi during species are restricted to. The high Turtles elevations. Have Been Watching The Me Montane ...... Toad- an ongoing study on 14 July Eric 2019 Gangloff near 238 Phyang (34.18911°N, headed Agama (Phrynocephalus theobaldi; Fig. 1) is a small, 77.42433°E), in the Leh District of Ladakh, India (Fig. 2). diurnally active agamaBOOK that REVIEW occurs in the high deserts of India One female (Fig. 3) had a distended abdomen and was pre- . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, (Daniel 2002). Adult snout-ventR. Berridge, P. Ramani, lengths and B.E. reach Young 54 ...... mm and sumed to be pregnant. Using Robert Powella 40-inch 243 focal film distance tail lengths 58 mm. These largely insectivorous lizards have with a tabletop technique of 200mA, 1/120 sec, and 56-64 flattened bodies, projecting CONSERVATION eyelids RESEARCHthat protect REPORTS: the eyes Summaries from of PublishedkVp, Conservation both lizards Research Reports were ...... radiographed 245 using radiolucent tap  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 blowing sand, and nostrilsNEWBRIEFS that ...... can be closed (Sharma 2002). restraints (e.g.,...... Mader 2006), Kodak 248 Lanex regular screens, Little is known EDITORIALabout reproduction INFORMATION in ...... Phrynocephalus Kodak X-Omaticcassetee, and...... Kodak 251 TMG film (Eastman  FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...... 252 theobaldi. Jin and Brown (2013) stated that females give live Kodak Company, Rochester, New York) developed in an birth to 1–4 young and Kästle et al. (2013) indicated that automatic Kodak RPX-Omatic Processor. broods consisted of 1–2 neonates. Evaluating the reproduc- Dorsal, ventral, and lateral radiographic projections tive status of a live-bearing lizard byFront means Cover. of Shannon palpation Plummer. (e.g., revealedBack Cover.the presenceMichael Kern of rounded opaque structures in the Holmes 2004) is not always accurate,Totat and et velleseque dissection audant necessimo - caudalTotat etabdomen velleseque audant arranged mo in a linear overlapping pattern (Fig. tates killing the lizard. Herein, we usedestibus radiography inveliquo velique asrerchil a non- 4)estibus and inveliquo an embryo velique rerchilin the oviduct. We observed the lizards in erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. An adult Montane Toad-headed Agama (Phrynocephalus theobaldi). Photograph by Akhilesh Tambe.

Copyright © 2020. Dimpi A. Patel. All rights reserved. 281 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 PATEL ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(2):281–283 • AUG 2020

Fig. 2. Map showing the location of the study area near Phyang, Leh, Ladakh, India.

captivity for five days, during which the female gave birth to five young (Fig. 5). Average snout-vent and tail lengths of the neonates were 22.55 mm and 23.97 mm, respectively. We did not determine sexes because of their small sizes. The brood size of five is the largest observed in P. theobaldi to date.

Acknowledgments We thank the National Mission on Himalayan Studies and Department of Wildlife Protection, Ladakh (UT) for sup- port and for granting permission to execute this work. We also extend our gratitude to Ms. Anchal Bhasin, Mr. Hussain Reshamwala, Mr. Akhilesh Tambe, Mhd. Akram, Mr. Varun Alagar, and Mr. Debaprasad Sengupta for their extensive support for the work and photographs. We also thank Ms. Padma for her help in the laboratory.

Literature Cited Fig. 3. Gravid female Montane Toad-headed Agama (Phrynocephalus theo- Daniel, J.C. 2002. The Book of Indian Reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, baldi). Photograph by Dimpi. A. Patel. Mumbai, India. 282 PATEL ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(2):281–283 • AUG 2020

Fig. 5. Two of the five neonatal Montane Toad-headed Agamas (Phrynocephalus theobaldi). Photograph by Dimpi. A. Patel.

Holmes, K. 2004. The female reproductive cycle of a viviparous skink, Oligosoma maccanni, in a subalpine environment. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Jin, Y.T. and R.P. Brown. 2013. Species history and divergence times of vivipa- rous and oviparous Chinese toad-headed sand lizards (Phrynocephalus) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 259–268. Kästle, W., K.R. Rai, and H.H. Schleich. 2013. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., München, Germany. Fig. 4. Dorsal (top left), ventral (top right), and lateral (lower) radiographs of a gravid female Montane Toad-headed Agama (Phrynocephalus theo- Mader, D.R. 2006. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. Second Edition. Saunders, St. Louis, Missouri. baldi). Courtesy of the National Mission on Himalayan Studies and the Department of Wildlife Protection, Leh, Ladakh, India. Sharma, R.C. 2002. The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Reptilia. Volume II (Sauria). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India. Wapstra, E. and R. Swain. 2001. Geographic and annual variation in life-history Guo, X. and Y. Wang. 2007. Partitioned Bayesian analyses, dispersal-vicariance traits in a temperate zone Australian skink. Journal of Herpetology 35: 194–203. analysis, and the biogeography of Chinese toad-headed lizards (Agamidae: Wilson, J.L. and A. Cree. 2003. Extended gestation with late‐autumn births in Phrynocephalus): A re-evaluation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: a cool‐climate viviparous gecko from southern New Zealand (Reptilia: 643–662. Naultinus gemmeus). Austral Ecology 28: 339–348.

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