1 A Guide for Europe bound Filipino Au Pair

2017 Edition CONTENTS

FOREWORD, i Who are the contracting parties?, p.11 What constitutes a valid GETTING READY FOR TRAVEL placement?, p.11 Travel Documents, p.1 What items/services are to be paid Settlement Documents, p1 and who pays for these?, p.12 Travel Tax, p.2 Benefits between the Au pair and Travel Funds, p.2 the host family, p.12 Itinerary, Reservations and Ticketing, p.2 Provisions of the Au pair Contract Baggage Allowance, p.3 of Engagement Packing Your Luggage, p.4 1. Norway, p.13 2. The Netherlands, p.14 YOUR DAY OF DEPARTURE 3. Denmark, p.16 Airport Procedures, p.5 Security Check and Inspection, p.5 COUNTRY PROFILE Check-in, p.5 Norway, p.20 Departure Card, Terminal Fee The Netherlands, p.28 and Immigration Clearance, p.6 Denmark, p.34 In-Flight Tips, p.6 SECURING RESIDENCE ARRIVAL IN EUROPE PERMIT/CARDS Port of Entry, p.7 Norway, p.41 Immigration Clearance, p.7 The Netherlands, p.43 Claiming Your Baggage, p.7 Denmark, p.44 Domestic Leg of your Journey, p.8 Matrix of Au Pair Contracts, p.49 Where to seek help, p.8 APPENDICES HISTORY OF AU PAIR PROGRAM, p.9 I. Philippine Diplomatic Posts in Europe, p.65 History of Au Pair in the Phils, p.10 II. Filipino Organizations in Denmark, p.69 WHAT IS AU PAIR? III. Filipino Organizations Definition, Purpose and in Norway, p.70 Procedures, p.11 IV. Filipino Organizations in Who can be an au pair?, p.11 the Netherlands, p.71 Who can be Host Family?, p.11 FOREWORD

You are going to Europe as an Au pair, a move that will have a profound impact on your life, as well as your family’s. Your preparedness will count a lot towards the achievement of the objectives of your migration.

It is important that you comply with minimum government travel requirements to avoid unnecessary inconvenience when exiting the Philippines and entering Europe. Equally important is your awareness of regulations governing your stay in Europe, as well as your knowledge of primary settlement concerns so you may proceed with confidence in your daily activities.

The Commission on Filipinos Overseas prepared this guide to provide you with information that will ease your adjustment abroad. It is our way of wishing you a safe trip and a successful stay overseas.

Huwag po sana ninyong kalimutan na sundin ang mga batas at igalang ang kultura at tradisyon ng bansang inyong pupuntahan, patuloy na ipagmalaki at panatilihin ang pagiging Pilipino, at maging bahagi sa pag-unlad ng ating bansang Pilipinas.

Commission on Filipinos Overseas

i GETTING READY FOR TRAVEL

Travel Documents

You must have the following travel documents before entering Europe: • Passport (must be valid for at least six months before travel) • Au pair contract • Valid Au pair visa • Emigrant registration sticker issued by the Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO) • Plane ticket • Other official papers that may be required.

Make sure to hand carry these documents and check them from time to time to avoid risk of loss during your travel.

Settlement Documents

Getting settled in Europe will be easier if you bring the following documents with you: • Birth and baptismal certificate • Academic qualifications (diploma, school report cards, Transcript of Records) • Employment certificates and references from previous employers • Health and medical records • Financial documents (e.g. bank statement)

All of these documents should be original, accordingly translated into English, and duly authenticated by the Department of Foreign Affairs- Manila or Philippine Embassies and Consulates with jurisdiction in the host country.

1 Travel Tax Plan Your Itinerary Get the advice of friends/relatives abroad, airlines or travel agencies You are required to pay a travel tax of P2,700 (Business or First Class about your itinerary. If your final destination is a city other than Europe passenger) or P1,620 (Economy class passenger). port of entry, ask about the most convenient domestic flight schedule and the nearest airport where friends/relatives meet you. It is a good way to Payment can be made through an airline office, travel agency, directly to visit relatives and friends, and to check out opportunities in cities other the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone authority (TIEZA), to the than your intended destination. TIEZA counter at the airport, or online (thru Online Travel Tax Payment). The travel tax may also be paid abroad by a relative or person who buys Clothes the plane ticket for you. The kind of clothes you should prepare will depend on the time of year you will travel to Europe. Generally, if you are leaving for Europe during winter, where the temperature ranges from -6 ºC (21ºF) to 2 ºC (28ºF) make Travel Funds sure you have several layers of clothing to protect you from the extremely cold weather, such as inner wear (heat tech inner wear helps keep you You are allowed to bring out of the country an amount in dollar bills or warm), gloves, bonnets and overcoats. Winter in Europe lasts roughly traveler’s cheques not exceeding $10,000.00 as well as Philippine from December to March, but the snowfall in Lapland might start as early currency not exceeding Php 50,000.00. It is safest to carry traveler’s as October and last till mid-May. If you are leaving in autumn and spring cheques which can be replaced if lost or stolen. You should have enough where temperatures range from (10ºC), you may just bring sweaters and cash, however, for incidental expenses. Make sure the bills are in relatively jackets. If you are arriving in summer months where temperatures range small denominations ($1, $5, $10 and $20). You may have difficulty in from (25ºC-30ºC), light clothing will suffice. While days can be pretty getting a $100 bill changed in most stores. warm, evening can be cold in many parts of the country, so bring your sweaters.

Itinerary, Reservations, and Ticketing You may check out www.accuweather.com for more information on the weather in your destination in Europe at the time of your travel. Make Early Reservations Make your plane reservations early and purchase your tickets as soon as your travel documents are complete to ensure confirmation of your Baggage Allowance desired travel schedule and itinerary. Ask your airlines about free baggage allowance, restrictions on carry- on Canvass for Best Rates items, and charges for overweight or excess baggage. As such, you will Different airlines have different fares. Low or peak seasons also affect the be able to anticipate added costs, if any, and adequately prepare for them. price of plane tickets. Call or check the websites of several airlines and Generally, the following weight system for check-in baggage allowance compare their fares. You may also visit websites such as www.skyscanner. applies for travel to Europe: com.ph to compare fares of various airlines. Some airlines also offer Fly- First Class : 40 kilos Now-Pay-Later plans which you may want to inquire about. Be aware, Business : 30 kilos however, of conditions and restrictions that go with discounted airfares. Economy : 20 kilos Dimension : (L+W+H) = 62 inches

2 3 Packaging Your Luggage YOUR DAY OF DEPARTURE Do’s and Don’ts in Packing Airport Procedures Do’s • Prepare an inventory of all items you are packing to ensure that Time Allowance nothing is left out or forgotten. The earlier you arrive at the airport, the less stressful it will be for you. You • Weigh each individual bag or box before leaving the house to make must be at the airport at least three hours before your scheduled flight. sure that you are well within limitations of the airline. Late passengers risk losing their seat reservations. Check-in counters • Seal and strap your luggage securely to make sure they do not usually close 40 minutes before boarding. break during airport transfer or in transit. • It is advisable if all your luggage have a bag tag with your identifying You may also explore your airline’s online check in facility. Online check information (name, contact details, address of your destination, in for international travelers is usually allowed 72 hours prior to departure, among others). depending on your airlines online check in procedures. Please visit your airlines website for more information on online check in. Don’ts • Do not pack money, jewelry, negotiable documents and other valuables in your check-in luggage. It is safer to keep them in your Security Check and Inspection carry-on bags. • Do not carry along any package if you do not know its content. All check-in and carry-on luggage must go through the x-ray machine for • You will be held liable for any prohibited item found therein. security check. Customs may do a routine check on your baggage. It is • Do not pack check-in items in aluminum foil. Scanning machines therefore advisable to bring extra packing tapes or strings for re-packing will not be able to check these items. Hence, you may have to your baggage. unpack these items, which may cause unnecessary inconvenience on your part. • Do not attempt to check-in or hand-carry items prohibited by airline Check-in and the host countries’ authorities. Check the website of your airline for a list of these prohibited items. Present your ticket, passport and visa to the airline representative at the counter. You will be given a boarding pass indicating your seat assignment and departure gate (depending on the availability of seats, you may also choose either a window or aisle seat, depending on your preference). You will also be issued an embarkation card and claim tags for your baggage. Proceed immediately to the departure gate and wait in the transit lounge for the flight to be announced. Remember your flight number at all times. The announcement for passengers is usually preceded by flight numbers.

4 5 Departure Card, Terminal fee, and Immigration Clearance ARRIVAL IN EUROPE You may ask the airline’s counter personnel for a departure card or you may get one at the immigration area. Each passenger is required to fill-up Port of Entry this form and present it, along with the passport (with CFO registration Upon arrival at the port of entry, you must take note of the signs which will sticker) and visa, at the window of the immigration officer for stamping. tell you where to go or look for the airport information counter where you Prior to obtaining an immigration clearance, you may also be required to can ask for information on where to go or proceed after disembarkation. pay a terminal fee of P550.00 at the terminal fee counter. However, starting 01 February 2015, the terminal fee is already included upon purchase of Immigration Clearance the airline ticket when departing from Manila. In all other international Have all your travel documents ready, including the arrival card you filled airports you still have to pay this fee at a counter in the airport. up in the plane. Answer all the questions of the immigration officer honestly, clearly, briefly, and politely. Passengers who have difficulty speaking In-Flight Tips and understanding English or language in the destination country may be assisted by an immigration employee. As part of the procedure, the Meals and Beverages clearance officers will examine your travel documents and authority to Make sure that your meals and non-alcoholic beverages served on enter Europe. Once your identity and authority to enter are confirmed and board are covered by your fare. You may request for special meals (e.g. any other information required is provided, the clearance officer formally vegetarians and those observing dietary or religious restrictions). The clears you for entry to Europe. request should be made with your airline at least 24 hours before your scheduled flight. In some cases, a formal interview may be required to ascertain further information about your immigration status. Non-English speaking travelers Portable Electronic Devices may be interviewed with the help of an interpreter. You are not allowed to operate your cellular or mobile phones, transistor radios or transceivers inside the aircraft during take-off and before Claiming Your Baggage landing. Portable audio records, dictating machines, laptop computers, Upon reaching the baggage claim area, get a cart and wait for your electronic calculators, watches, hearing aides, electric shavers, and heart luggage, which will come in on a designated carousel. A sign will identify pacemakers maybe used on board. the corresponding flight number of each carousel or it will be announced over the public address system. Cameras and Binoculars Use of these may be restricted over certain areas of you flight. Ask for Check if your baggage claim stubs match with the tags on the bags you are guidance from your flight attendant. claiming. In case of lost luggage, immediately inform the airline personnel who will ask you to file a claim form. The airline will trace your luggage and Toiletries contact you at your final destination. Otherwise, you will be compensated Toiletries such as toothpaste, toothbrush, towelettes, soap, tissue, and for lost luggage based on policies printed on your plane ticket. toilet paper are available on board. For your own convenience, you may bring your own personal toiletries in your carry-on bag. Liquefied items As soon as you have retrieved your luggage, proceed to the customs in your carry-on bags should not exceed 100ml. (3.4 ounces) each and clearance area where you should present your immigration arrival card. should be placed in sealed clear plastic containers.

6 7 Readily open your baggage for inspection. If you are required to pay duties for certain items, you may do so in cash or with major international HISTORY OF AU PAIR credit cards. If your port of entry is also your final destination, you may then walk out of the restricted immigration and customs area and into the “Au Pair” placement is the temporary reception by families, in exchange waiting area where relatives or friends may be waiting for you. for certain services, of young foreigners who come to improve their linguistic and possibly professional knowledge as well as their general Domestic leg of your journey culture by acquiring a better knowledge of the country where they are If your final destination is another city and you are boarding on another received. Such young foreigners are hereinafter persons placed “au pair”. plane, please ask your flight attendant prior to disembarkation if you -Article 2, European Agreement on Au Pair Placement (1969). would need to check in your luggage yourself. Some airlines take care of transferring the luggage of passengers to connecting flights. Make sure to ‘Au pair’ placement traces its history in Switzerland at the end of 19th check these details with the airline representatives. century. It was widely known as an arrangement on a mutual and friendly basis between families acquainted with each other or by way of common If, after getting cleared by the immigration and customs, you need to check family contacts. in your luggage for the domestic leg of your flight, ask assistance from the airline representative. Airline personnel are usually on the lookout for After the Second World War, a growing number of young women international passengers transferring to domestic flights. regarded au pair placement as a practical opportunity of going abroad to improve their knowledge of the language and culture of another country. The Council of Europe in its effort to resolve the problem of widespread Where to seek help temporary migration of young Europeans as ‘au pairs’ viewed the situation as a “unique social phenomenon”. The Council took note of the increase • Philippine Embassy & Consulates (hotline numbers) in the number of persons involved as an international social problem • Immigration authorities of European complexion involving legal, moral, cultural and economic • Police authorities / Telephone helpline consequences, transcending national boundaries. Moreover, the Council • 112 for Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Sweden and Belgium has noted the high risk of trafficking and exploitation. • 117 for Switzerland • 110 for Germany Given these considerations, the European Council moved to protect ‘au • Women Refuge / Migrants’ Center / Au pair groups pairs’ and regulate their situations so they could gain better experiences for their period of placement through cultural exchange. This was followed (i.e. Babaylan Denmark, FOA, Filcom Norway, Filipino German Assoc., by an acknowledgement of the urgency to draft an international regulation Filippinske Au Pair Foreningen-Norge) to guarantee protections through an agreement among European states. The Council of Europe formalized the European Agreement on ‘Au Pair’ Placement on 24 November 1969 in Strasbourg and it went into force on the 30th of May 1971. The Agreement has since been an important regulatory source for ‘au pair’ migration schemes in Western Europe and North America whereby au pairing has become a thriving arrangement for employing foreign live-in nannies and househelp.

8 9 History of Au Pair in the Philippines What is Au Pair? “Au pair” means “on a par” or “equal to” in French. Participants are The 1990’s, saw an increasing number of Filipinos going to Europe, intended to be treated as an equal member of the family to improve their especially to Netherlands and Scandinavia, as au pairs. This practice, cultural knowledge, in exchange for light household chores. however, has been abused by some unscrupulous job placement agencies that used the cultural exchange program to deploy domestic helpers and What are its purposes? nannies to Europe. This resulted to reported cases of exploitation and Au Pair Placement aims to improve the knowledge of the participants on: abuse of Filipino au pairs, particularly in Scandinavia. • language; • general culture; and In 1997, the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) temporarily stopped • possible professional growth. sending au pairs to Europe in view of some reported isolated cases of abuse, exploitation, discrimination, sexual and prostitution. In 2009, various How is it done? reports were received on continuous issuance of au pair visa by some It is through an actual immersion of the au pair to their receiving country European countries despite the Philippine government’s unilateral decision. by living with his/her host family.

However, sometime in 2010, the ban on au pair migration to Europe was lifted Who can be Au Pairs? for three European countries, Switzerland, Norway and Denmark following a Young individuals between 18-30 years old, unmarried, without children, bilateral agreement signed by the Philippines and these countries. Departure and who are willing to be placed under cultural exchange arrangement by of Filipino au pairs then was handled by POEA and OWWA. living temporarily with the host family.

In 2011, an ad hoc committee was formed to prepare the guidelines for Who can be host families? the total lifting of the ban for au pairs to Europe. Towards the end of 2011, Any European families legally allowed by their respective countries to the ban was also lifted for Germany. In 2012, DFA finally lifted the ban for host an au pair. Filipino au pairs to Europe. The departure of Filipinos as au pairs is now handled by the Commission on Filipinos Overseas. Who are the contracting parties? The au pair and the host family are the contracting parties of the placement.

What constitutes a valid placement? • The contract of engagement should be notarized by the Philippine Embassy or Philippine Consulate General that has jurisdiction over the area or country of destination of the au pair and must be signed by the au pair and the head of the host family. • The rights and obligations of both parties shall be the subject of agreement in writing and shall be lodged in the receiving country. • The agreement shall specify that the au pair shall share the life of the host family, participate in day-to-day family duties, and enjoys a certain degree of independence; and • The participation prescribed in the contract shall be for a maximum

10 11 stay of two (2) years, unless otherwise allowed by host countries. PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT OF ENGAGEMENT

What items/services are to be paid and who pays for these? Norway

The Host Family pays for the following: Eligibility 1. Attestation/Legalization of the au pair placement contract and all • Applicant does not have a child (New rule for Au pairs in Norway applicable administrative fees; as of July 1, 2012). 2. All visa, airfare, travel & insurance costs and Country Familiarization • The applicant must be between 18 and 30 years of age at the Seminar fees from the Philippines and back to the Philippines time of application. The application must be submitted before the related to the sponsoring of the au pair; and applicant’s 30th birthday. 3. Pocket money and language tuition fees and applicable taxes. • It must be considered likely that the applicant will return to his / her country of residence after the permit expires. The situation in the The au pair pays for the following: applicant’s country of residence must also be considered to be of a 1. Passport; and nature that the applicant may return. 2. Medical examination and other documentation costs in the Philippines not listed in the payment responsibility of the host family. Rights and obligations of the Au Pair • The Au pair must not work more than 5 hours per day and no more What are the benefits of the au pair and the Host Family? than 30 hours per week, not even for extra pay. • The Au pair shall carry out light housework and look after children Benefits of the au pair: and / or animals. 1. Receive board and lodging; • The Au pair must be able to participate in leisure activities and 2. Occupy a separate room; attend a Norwegian Language Course. 3. Attend courses on: • The Host Family must pay for a Norwegian Language Course for a. language; at least NOK 8,100. b. cultural; and • The Host Family shall pay for the return ticket to the home country. c. professional growth. • The Au pair is entitled to NOK 5600 (before tax) per month in pocket 4. One (1) full free day/week (Sunday); money. 5. Take part in religious worship; and • The Au pair is entitled to 25 days holiday per year. If the Au pair’s 6. Shall be given a pocket money/monthly allowance. contract commences after 30th September, the Au pair is entitled to 6 days holiday for the remainder of the year. Benefits of the Host Family: • The host family will also cover the au pair’s expenses for travelling 1. Recipient of the services being rendered by the participant. to Norwegian language classes and for the travel back home. 2. Learn the language and cultural norms of the host country of the participant. Illness Host family shall continue to provide board and lodging free of charge until another arrangement has been found for the au pair.

12 13 Termination of the contract and resignation Host Family in Netherlands Mandatory Criteria • The family must consist of a minimum of 2 people. The contract may be terminated by either of the contracting parties with at • They must support the au pair during their stay in the Netherlands. least one month’s notice: • The family must have sufficient income to support themselves and • From the date on which the other party received notice. you. Remember having an au pair in Netherlands means supporting • Notice must be in writing. another adult member in the household. • Host family cannot dismiss the participant except on reasonable • The responsible person in the host family must sign a grounds. sponsor declaration. • Upon the requests of the au pair, host family shall state the grounds • The responsible person in the host family must sign a declaration in writing, while the au pair is not required; and of awareness. • In serious breach of contractual obligations, either of the party can • The family must draw up a daily schedule. terminate the engagement with immediate effect. • The family must pay for medical and accident insurance for the au pair. Time Off / Holidays Au pairs are entitled to the following: Au Pair in Netherlands General Information • At least 48 continuous hours each week and never less than 24 Rights and Obligations of an Au pair: hours (if possible during Sunday). • An au pair in Netherlands is given approximately 300-340 Euros • Shall have one fixed afternoon off per week. per month pocket money. • Paid 25 working days’ holiday /per calendar year. • An au pair in Netherlands works a maximum of 30 hours per week, with a maximum of 8 hours per day, inclusive of a maximum 3 evenings of babysitting per week. The Netherlands • An au pair in Netherlands gets 2 full days free time per week and at least 1 weekend off per month. General Rule • An au pair in Netherlands gets 2 weeks holiday for a 12 month stay. To be an au pair in Netherlands: Holidays for shorter stays are to be negotiated. • A person must be 18-30 for EU and European Free Trade Association • An au pair in Netherlands is provided with their own room, 3 meals (EFTA) citizens, 18-30 years old for working holiday makers and per day and have free access to the family home. 18-25 years old for other nationalities on an au pair visa. • Basic Dutch is desirable for an au pair in Netherlands, but not compulsory • Must have a valid travel document. • While not essential, an au pair in Netherlands is encouraged to • Must have sufficient funds. attend a language course and should be given the opportunity to • Must be neither married nor have any dependents. participate in a Dutch language course . • Must not constitute a risk to public order. • An au pair in Netherlands can stay for up to 12 months. • Must not have previously stayed in the Netherlands on a residence permit. The au pair contract • Must not have worked for the same family abroad. You and your host family should clarify in advance what you expect from • Must be willing to stay for between 3 and 12 months. each other and sign a contract that includes your work schedule. The au pair contract is mandatory if you want to stay in the Netherlands as an au pair. A basic contract is provided by the agency arranging the placement.

14 15 • Host family must have completed the equivalent of nine years Contract termination of schooling. The au pair contract remains valid for the entire duration of your stay as • Host family must have a working knowledge of Danish, Swedish, an au pair. However, you are allowed to terminate the contract before it Norwegian, English or German. expires if for example you and your host family do not get along. In this • Host family may not previously have had two or more au pair stays case, you must respect a 14-day notice period. This allows both the au in other Western countries. pair and the host family to find a replacement and organize the return trip. • Host family may not previously have held a Danish residence permit However on serious grounds, the au pair contract can also be terminated • Host family may not previously have stayed in Denmark as an au immediately without any period of notice. pair with different host families for more than one year. • As a general rule, au pair may not have the same nationality as one Insurance or more members of the host family. It is mandatory that you are subscribed to a medical insurance plan for the • As a general rule, au pair may not be related to one or more duration of your stay in the Netherlands. This obligatory health insurance members of the host family. is called basisverzekering. Dutch health insurance is available to all residents and provides general medical care by specialists and general Conditions to be met by your host family practitioners (GPs), including hospital care, medication, rehabilitation, • A host family must be comprised of at least one parent and one etc. The host family is responsible for the costs of your insurance. They child under the age of 18 who is living at home. must also take out au pair insurance in your name including accident, • At least one parent must be a Danish citizen in order that your civil liability, medical repatriation and baggage insurance. Examples of host family can introduce you to the Danish language and culture. au pair insurance plans tailored to au pairs are the Young Global Traveler However, this does not apply if the parents are EU citizens residing health insurance from the OOM insurance company and the ISIS Au pair in Denmark under the EU regulations on free movement, or if they insurance from the JoHo insurance provider. are foreign nationals who have lived in Denmark for a long time and have a strong attachment to Denmark. Denmark • Your host family may not receive public assistance as their primary means of support under the terms of the Active Social Policy Act. General Rules: They must declare this by signing a statement in the application form. • An au pair must be between the ages of 17 and 29 years at the time • Your host family may not have been given a penalty period as a of application. result of previous abuse of the au pair scheme. All adult members • An au pair must not be currently or have ever been married. of your host family must declare that they have not been convicted • An au pair must not currently be living in with a partner. of violence or any similar offense against an au pair in the last ten • An au pair must not have children. years, and that they have not been convicted of illegal employment • An au pair may not previously have had a residence permit in Denmark. or any similar offense of an au pair in the last five years. • One of the parents in the host family must be a Danish Citizen. • Host family may not receive public assistance under the terms of Other conditions and terms the Active Social Policy Act. • You and your host family must fill up and sign the au pair contract • The au pair stay must have a natural connection to host family’s developed by the Danish Agency for Labour Retention and life so far, including host family’s educational background and International Recruitment. If the au pair is younger than 18, the employment history. contract has to be signed by their parents and the future host family.

16 17 The au pair contract is for a maximum of 12 months. The au pair circumstances warrant it. The Danish Agency for Labour Retention and contract is needed to apply for a residence permit. International Recruitment recommends that any termination is in written • Au pair assumes the role as a member of the family. This means form and signed by both you and your host family. that you should contribute to the household by carrying out chores related to the family’s daily housekeeping, such as babysitting, Registration of the au pair as a resident cleaning and washing clothes. Consequently, you may not take on Your host family must make sure you are registered as a resident at their responsibilities related to personal care of adult members of the address with the Central Person Register and that you are covered by the host family who is suffering from an illness. Danish National Health Insurance and unregistered again when you leave • An au pair is entitled to a minimum monthly allowance of DKK 4,200 the country. from your host family as well as free food and lodging. An au pair’s bank account in her/his name should be established at a Danish Insurance coverge bank, into which the allowance can be transferred each month. A host family must take out three types of insurance covering au pair: • An au pair is entitled to his/her own bedroom in the family’s home. In 1. For work-related injuries. addition to the bedroom, the host family must also have a common 2. Insurance covering leisure time and accidents; and living room, as well as one bedroom for every two people registered 3. Insurance covering the costs of you returning to your homeland in at the residence. case of death, or serious illness or accident. • The host family may not have other au pairs besides you. However, a new au pair is allowed to train with the host family prior to their Contract duration predecessor’s departure for up to 14 days. You may be granted a residence permit for a maximum of 24 months, but • An au pair must carry out daily chores for three to five hours per no longer than the duration of your au pair contract. day, six days per week, i.e. 18 to 30 hours per week. • Au pairs are entitled to one full day off every week. If you have been granted a residence permit as an au pair for less than 24 • Au pairs are entitled to sufficient time off to follow language months, and you apply for an extension, you may continue as an au pair courses and pursue cultural and professional interests, including while your application is being processed, provided that you are with the participation in religious events. same host family and that the conditions for your stay remain unchanged. • It is the responsibility of the host family to provide the au pair with appropriate care as well as free food and lodging if the au pair is sick. If you wish to begin with a new family, you may not do so before you have • Your host family must pay for the cost of your trip home if you are been granted a new residence permit. However, you are allowed to move a resident of a country outside Europe. If you wish to change host in with the new family and live there as their guest. family – and enters into a contract with a new host family – then the new host family assumes the responsibilities relating to the payment of your trip home. IMPORTANT REMINDER Until a residence permit has been received, an au pair may not assume Contract termination duties. Doing so, can subject the au pair to deportation and the host family Both you and your host family have a right to terminate the contract will be penalized under Aliens Act. with a two weeks’ notice. Furthermore, both you and your host family have a right to terminate the contract with immediate effect in the case of serious violation of the contract by the other party, or if other serious

18 19 NORWAY: COUNTRY PROFILE You should always be prepared by the sudden change of temperature.

• Summer. The weather is warmest and the days are long and Geography bright from late June to early August. The daytime temperatures Norway is a long and narrow country, and is characterized by great during July and August can rise up to 30°C. The warmest and most distances. The country extends 1,750 km from north to south. At its stable weather usually occurs on the eastern side of the southern widest the country covers 420 km from east to west while just 6 km at mountains, including the south coast between Mandal and Oslo. its narrowest. Norway is located at the northern part of Europe bordering However, the summer weather can be wet and changeable, Sweden, Finland and Russia. It has exceptional long coastline which especially in Western, Central and Northern Norway. is dotted with approximately 50,000 islands of which just 20,000 are inhabited. With a total area of 387,000 square meters (including Svalbard • Autumn. During (September, October and November) autumn the and Jan Mayen islands), Norway is the seventh largest country in Europe. landscape is painted in vibrant colors and nature is full of berries and mushrooms specially in Eastern Norway. In September, the Norway has five major regions; Northern Norway, Central Norway, Western temperature drops slowly and at the same time days become Norway (West coast), Southern Norway and Eastern Norway, which is shorter. The land loses more heat than the sea and the warmest composed of counties and municipalities. In Northern Norway, you will areas usually found on the coast. find the city of Tromso, Lofoten islands and the county of Finnmark, which is the home of Sami – indigenous people of Norway. The midnight sun, • Winter. The mountain region in the Eastern Norway usually gets northern light and the North Cape are the famous attractions in this region. the first snow in November. The temperature in the inner areas of Central Norway played a key role in Norway’s history. Nidaros, the original Finnmark, Troms, Eastern and Central Norway can reach below name for Trondheim, was the political, religious and commercial centre -40°C. The coastal areas comparatively have mild winters, however, of the country and a destination for pilgrims for more than four centuries gales, rain, clouds can be frequent and heavy. Winter typically lasts during the Middle Ages. The Nidaros Cathedral, which is the largest until April. medieval structure in Scandinavia, also can be found in Trondheim. • Spring. In most parts of the country, spring begins from May to Western Norway is characterized by steep mountains, fjords and deep middle of June while in the Southern Norway it usually arrives in valleys while the Southern Norway is known for a rocky coastline and white April. Spring is the season when trees and flowers waking to life wooden houses. Kristiansand is the largest city in the southern region. and the days gets little warmer and lighter day by day. It is also the Eastern Norway is the most populated region in Norway. In this region you season when temperature between daytime and night time differs will find the capital, Oslo, as well as the oldest town in Norway, Tønsberg, the most. The weather in spring can also be varied. There may be the largest lake, Lake Mjøsa, and the highest mountain, Galdhøpiggen. days when it is cold enough to snow and days when it is very windy. Large parts of the region are covered in forest and a myriad of lakes and rivers offer excellent fishing prospects. Facts and figures

Climate Head of State: His Majesty King Harald V Norway has four distinct seasons; summer, autumn, winter and spring. Head of Government: Prime Minister Erna Stoltenberg The weather and temperatures in each season can change quickly, Area: 385 199 km² especially in the mountains. Population 5,147,792 (July 2014 est.)

20 21 Capital city: Oslo Heating is preferably by wood, although kerosene is permissible, just Language: Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk) barely. Oil lamps and candlelight provide light on dark winter nights. This In some districts, Sámi is also an official language simplicity is not due to a desire to save money. In fact a mountain cabin State Church: Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran) in an attractive location is a costly investment, no matter how simply they Currency: Norwegian kroner (NOK) are furnished. The absence of modern comforts is founded on ideological (1 krone is divided into 100 ore) and moral, rather than economic reasons. Constitution Day: 17 May Average life expectancy: Female: 83 years, Male: 78 years History Ten thousand years ago, the first to men to appear in what is now Norway were hunters who settled in small groups. Their existence is revealed Language in the flint tools, clay vessels, and perhaps most spectacularly, the rock Norwegian is the official language in Norway, a northern Germanic carvings they left behind. Approximately 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, the language closely related to Danish and Swedish. There are two official transition started in Norway initially in the area around the Oslo Fjord. written versions of Norwegian: Bokmål (“Book Norwegian”) and Nynorsk Archaeological finds from the Bronze Age (1500 - 500 B.C.) are dominated (“New Norwegian”). Bokmål and Nynorsk have been accorded equal by the cultural relics of farmers, particularly in southern Norway. status officially, although Bokmål is somewhat more widely used in Oslo and the larger towns. Nynorsk is utilized by some 10-15% of the In 800 A.D, the Viking era marks the termination of the prehistoric period population, mostly on the Western coast, as well as in government texts, in Norway. In parts of west and southwest Europe, the Vikings are known literature, dramatic art, public broadcasting and church services. as cruel brigands who wrought havoc on their victims with fire and swords. However, the Vikings also came on peaceful errands, to trade and to In the North-Norwegian districts of Kárášjohka-Karasjok, Guovdageaidnu- colonize. In this era, also, the regions were united into one kingdom and Kautokeino, Unjárga-Nesseby, Porsanger, Deatnu- Tana and Gáivuotna- Christianity was adopted in Norway. Kåfjord, Sámi has been established as an official language on a par with Norwegian. Sami is a minority language which is spoken by some 20,000 The late Middle Ages were a period of marked economic decline in individuals in Norway. Norway. The population had been decimated by the plague and other epidemics during the fourteenth century. The economic depression had At present, English is the most important foreign language for international political ramifications. Denmark gained increasing importance as the use in Norway, followed by German and French. English is spoken at an major Nordic land. To ensure the power of the Norwegian Council of excellent level by most of the population under 60 years old. the Realm when a monarch was being selected, from 1450, the union with Denmark was established by treaty. The treaty also served as a Norwegians and nature guarantee of the equality of the two realms. In 1536, Norway ceased to Norwegian adoration of nature is a vital ingredient in the country’s national be an independent kingdom. This came about at a national assembly in identity. Most Norwegians live in single-family homes and large apartments, Copenhagen, where King Christian III pledged to the Danish noblemen equipped with every available electric appliance. Nevertheless, great that Norway was henceforth to be subservient to the Danish Crown, like value is attached to closeness to nature and a simple lifestyle. Thousands any other Danish possession. of Norwegians spend weekends and holidays at the family cabin. The typical Norwegian cabin is built of logs and consists of a living room, one After 400 years, the union between Norway and Denmark ended when or more bedrooms, an outdoor lavatory, woodshed and small kitchen. Danish King Fredrik VI surrendered, cut his ties with Napoleon, and handed

22 23 Norway over to his Swedish rivals in 1814. The agreement between budgets. The government’s most important functions are to submit bills Denmark and its opponents contained political elements that were of and budget proposals to the Storting and implement decisions through major importance to Norway. The terms firmly established that Norway the Ministries. The Judiciary comprises a relatively independent branch was again to take its place among the independent states, in union with of government. There are two components to its political role: first, its Sweden. The Norwegian Constitution was signed at Eidsvoll on 17 May activities serve to implement the legislation adopted by the Storting, 1814, where Christian Frederik was chosen to be the Norwegian king. and second, it monitors the legislative and executive powers to ensure To this day, May 17 is celebrated as the official national day of Norway, that they themselves comply with the acts of legislation that have been despite full independence having had to wait until 1905 when Haakon VII previously adopted. In addition, the public administration, which was was crowned as King of Norway. designed to serve the needs of the political bodies, is sometimes viewed as a fourth state power, as it now takes independent action and can exert Religion influence on the shaping of policies. Norway is an official Protestant State Church based on the Evangelical- Lutheran religion, the Church of Norway. Although there is no separation There is also a geographical distribution of political power into state, county of Church and State, all inhabitants have the right to exercise their religion and municipal levels. The State is directly represented at a local level freely in accordance with a 1964 amendment to the Constitution. through the County Governors’ offices. The municipalities are the most important units of local government administration. They are responsible While roughly 80% of the population are members of the Church of for primary and lower secondary education, social services, municipal Norway, some 5.9% of the population are members of other religious roads, water and sewerage and zoning regulation. Upper secondary communities, while 6.2% do not belong to any religious community at schools and a number of technical services are administered at the county all. The largest religious and life-stance communities outside the Church level. The counties and municipalities are governed by elected councils. of Norway are the Humanist Movement, represented by the Norwegian Humanist Association (63 000), Islam (60 000), the Pentecostal Movement Economy (45 000), the Roman Catholic Church (40 000 or more), the Evangelical- Norway is a highly developed, industrial country with an open, export- Lutheran free church (20 000), Methodists (13 000) and several lesser oriented economy. Listed as one of the richest countries in the world, free churches. it has also achieved top-rankings with regard to standard of living, life expectancy, health and housing standards. Since the 1970s, the offshore Government oil industry has played a dominant role in the Norwegian economy. Natural Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democratic resources industries like oil refining and oil marketing, petro- chemical, system of governance. The government, which is headed by a Prime forestry, agriculture and fisheries, also contributed to the growth of the Minister, serves as the executive power, while the King fills an important economy of Norway. symbolic function as Head of State and official representative of the Norwegian society. The Norwegian economy is generally characterized as a mixed economy - a capitalist market economy with a clear component of state influence. State power is formally distributed between three institutions: the Storting State ownership and the regulation of the private sector serve to classify (the legislative power), the Government (the executive power) and the Norway as a mixture of market and planned economy. Economic policy is courts (the judicial power). The Storting has served as the highest political designed to stabilize, counteract unemployment, and inflation, to stimulate body in Norway. It maintains formal control over the two most important growth in the industries and distribution of income. Credit institutions have tools of government: the enactment of legislation and approval of national been established to provide support to the regional industrial sector as

24 25 well as agriculture, fisheries and other industries. Also, regions with little • Shake hands with people on a first come first served basis. industry are subject to more lenient taxation than other areas to prevent the disappearance of local industry. Dining Etiquette • Do not discuss business. Norwegians separate their business and Norway’s official monetary currency is Krone. The Norwegian Krone personal lives. (NOK) is the basic unit of money in Norway. The most common bank • Reciprocate any invitation. notes are the 50 kroner, 100 kroner, 200 kroner, 500 kroner and 1000 • Table manners are more formal than one might expect of a culture kroner. Currently the coins used in Norway are the 50 ore, 1 krone, 5 that is informal and egalitarian. kroner, 10 kroner and 20 kroner (the Krone is divided into 100 ore). • Hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. • Do not begin eating until the hostess starts. Basic Culture and Norms • Most food, including sandwiches, is eaten with utensils. Norwegian Family Values • When you have finished eating, place your knife and fork across your • Many families consist mainly of the nuclear family. plate with the prongs facing down and the handles facing to the right. • Marriage is not a prerequisite to starting a family. • The male guest of honour, generally seated to the left of the • Many couples live together without legalizing the arrangement with hostess, thanks the hostess on behalf of the other guests with the marriage. Therefore, it is best not to make presumptions about phrase “takk for maten” (thanks for the meal). people’s marital status. • The host makes a small speech and offers the first toast. • Toast the host/hostess during the meal. Women in Norway • Women may offer toasts. • Women are highly respected in business and generally receive • Toasts are made with alcoholic beverages, but not beer. equal pay and have access to senior positions. • When someone is being toasted, raise your glass, look at the • Norwegian women expect to be treated with respect in the office. person, take a sip, look at the person again, and then return the • Businesswomen are direct and can be skilled negotiators. glass to the table. • Women may take up to one year’s maternity leave at 80% pay or • Women must put down their glasses first after a toast. 10 months at 100% pay. • If a woman decides to stay home with pre-school children she Gift Giving Etiquette receives a monthly stipend from the government. • If invited to a Norwegian’s home, bring flowers, chocolates, pastries, wine, or imported spirits to the hostess. Meeting Etiquette • Flowers may be sent the morning of a dinner party so they may be • Greetings are casual, with a firm handshake, direct eye contact, displayed that evening. and a smile. • Do not give carnations, lilies or white flowers as they are used at funerals. • Norwegians are egalitarian and casual; they often introduce • Do not give wreaths, even at Christmas. themselves with their first name only. • Do not give even numbers of flowers. • In some circumstances people may use the honorific title “Herr” • A houseplant is well received in the winter months. (Mr.) or “Fru” (Mrs.) and their surname. • A bouquet of freshly picked wildflowers is always appreciated. • You can wait to be invited before moving to first names although • Gifts are opened when received. most people will start with this. • Shake hands and say hello or good-bye individually when arriving http://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/norway-guide or departing. 26 27 THE NETHERLANDS: COUNTRY PROFILE 5.8%, other 4.2%, Unaffiliated 43%. (latest figures 2009) Currency: Euro Geography Major political parties: VVD (conservative Liberal Party), PvdA (Labour The Netherlands is located in Western Europe bordering the North Sea, Party), PVV (Party for Freedom), CDA (Christian between Belgium and Germany. Its total area is 41,543 sq km composed of Democrats), SP (Socialist Party), D66 (Liberal 33,893 sq km land area and 7,650 sq km water area. The country’s lowest Democrat Party), Groen Links ( left-wing point, at 6.7 metres below sea level, is near Rotterdam. The highest point, Ecologist Party), CU (Christian Union), the Vaalserberg, is 321 metres high, and lies in the southeast, where the Membership of borders of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany meet. Being close to international groups the sea, the Netherlands has a moderate climate. The mean temperature /organisations: Benelux, World Customs Organisation (WCO), is 17 degrees Celsius in the summer and 2 degrees Celsius in winter. Its Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), average annual rainfall is 750mm, spread fairly evenly throughout the year. European Union (EU), Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), North Climate Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), United The Netherlands have a temperate maritime climate influenced by the Nations (UN), United Nations High Commission North Sea and Atlantic Ocean, with cool summers and moderate winters. for Refugees (UNCHR). Daytime temperatures varies from 2°C-6°C in the winter and 17°C-20°C in the summer. On average, frost occurs 60 days per year. July temperatures Economy average about 63 °F (17 °C), and those of January average 35 °F (2 °C). In 2017, the Netherlands economy will likely slow down, mainly due to Annual rainfall averages about 31 inches (790 mm), with only about 25 slower investment growth followed by the post-crisis recovery. The main clear days per year. The average rainfall is highest in summer (August) downside threats to the outlook are the following: 1) The uncertain outcome and autumn and lowest in springtime. The country is known—not least of the elections in March; 2) a possible tightening in financing conditions, through the magnificent landscapes of Dutch painters—for its heavy and 3) the uncertainties surrounding Brexit negotiations. On the positive clouds, and on an average day three-fifths of the sky is clouded. side, the economy will still grow for the private consumption and could benefit from a further recovery of the property market and improved labor Facts and figures conditions. Compared to previous forecasts, the economy is expanding by Head of State: His Majesty King Willem Alexander 1.8% in 2017, which is up by 0.1% points. In 2018, the GDP is expected (since 30 April 2013) to grow by 1.7%. Despite the current difficulties, the Netherlands enjoys Prime Minister: Mark Rutte relatively stable industrial relations, low inflation and a current account Foreign Minister: Bert Koenders surplus. It has a significant role as a European transportation hub centred Government: Constitutional monarchy around Rotterdam Port and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Industrial activity Population: 16,877,351 (July 2014 est.) is mainly in food processing, chemicals, the refining of petroleum, and Capital City: Amsterdam (population: 764,000) electrical machinery. The services sector represents 70% of the economy. The Hague is seat of the Court, Government The agricultural sector is highly mechanised and employs no more than 4% and Parliament. of the labour force but it provides large surpluses for exports and the food Language: Dutch processing industry. When it comes to the value of agricultural exports, the Religions: Roman Catholic 28%, Protestant 19%, Muslim Dutch rank third worldwide. The Netherlands was among the first 11 EU countries to adopt the Euro currency on 1 January 1999. 28 29 History Conflicting trading interests led to several wars with England, but the ties During the First World War (1914-1918), the Netherlands remained with that country were close. The Stadtholders, William II and his son neutral. It continued to pursue a policy of strict neutrality until the Second William III both married English princesses, and in 1689, William III was World War, but was invaded by Germany in May 1940 and occupied for asked by the English Parliament to share the English crown with his wife, five years. Queen Wilhelmina spent the war years in England, playing a Mary II. vital role as the symbol of resistance against the occupying forces. She abdicated in 1948, after a reign of 50 years, in favour of her daughter The French Revolution signaled the end of the Republic of the United Juliana. Queen Juliana abdicated in turn on 30 April 1980 to be succeeded Provinces, which was invaded and occupied by French revolutionary by her eldest daughter, the present Queen Beatrix. forces in 1795. In 1813, the French Empire collapsed and the Low Countries regained their independence. In the northern Netherlands, The Netherlands was a major colonial power until the Second World War, there was a power struggle between republicans and monarchists, but after 1945 its two largest colonies, Indonesia and Suriname, gained which was won by the latter. Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau, independence. Today, the Kingdom of the Netherlands includes six islands returned from exile in England. The Government moved to The Hague, in the Caribbean, formerly known as the Netherlands Antilles. although Amsterdam remained the official capital. In 1815, the northern and southern Netherlands - today’s Netherlands and Belgium - were Until the early 5th century, the area south of the Rhine was part of the combined to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands, with Willem Frederik Roman Empire. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Netherlands consisted as King William I. This marked the introduction of the Dutch hereditary of many separate feudal entities, which were eventually united, under monarchy. Emperor Charles V (1500-1558), with the rest of the ‘Low Countries’ (present-day Belgium and Luxembourg) as part of the Holy Roman The constitution was radically revised in 1848, making ministers Empire. But Charles V’s son, King Philip II of Spain, caused widespread accountable to an elected Parliament rather than the monarch. The resentment by restricting religious freedom and aspiring to absolute power. new constitution was the basis for a constitutional monarchy with a In 1568, some of the northern Dutch provinces revolted under Prince parliamentary system. In 1830, the southern Netherlands seceded from William of Orange, starting what the Dutch call the Eighty Years’ War. This the Kingdom to form the independent state of Belgium. ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Münster, which recognised the Republic of the United Provinces (the seven sovereign provinces of Holland, Government Zeeland, Utrecht, Friesland, Groningen, Overijssel and Gelderland) as an The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with a Parliament (the independent state. States-General) consisting of two chambers. The upper or First Chamber consists of 75 members elected by members of the Provincial States. During the 17th century, the Netherlands’ ‘Golden Age’, the Republic The lower or Second Chamber consists of 150 members directly elected became very prosperous thanks largely to the Dutch East Indies Company, by proportional representation, for a four year term. Dutch Government which could be described as the world’s first multinational. This company ministers give up their seat in Parliament on taking ministerial office. The had interests along the coasts of Africa and Asia, with bases in present- Government can also appoint as ministers individuals who have not stood day Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and South Africa. Around the for election. same time, the Dutch West Indies Company (WIC) was trading with West Africa and the Americas, and from 1625 to 1664 it administered New Religion Amsterdam, which later became New York. The largest religious congregation in the Netherlands is Catholic (28 percent of the population), followed by Reformed Protestant (19 percent),

30 31 Dutch Reformed (4.2 percent) and Muslim (5.8 percent). More striking, cheek three times, starting with the left cheek. however, is the fact that 43 percent of the population are not religious or • Most Dutch only use first names with family and close friends. connected to a denomination. The extremely rapid secularization of the • Wait until invited before moving to a first-name basis. Netherlands after the 1960s has meant that religion plays a decreasing role in ordering people’s social and cultural lives, with the notable Dining Etiquette exception of the small rural communities in the Dutch Bible Belt, which • Dining is fairly formal in the Netherlands. runs along the towns Zierikzee, Dordrecht, Utrecht, Zwolle, and Assen. • Table manners are Continental -- the fork is held in the left hand Among the 60 percent who profess to being religious, an ever-increasing and the knife in the right while eating. group either does not actively participate in religious ceremonies or is • Remain standing until invited to sit down. You may be shown to a involved in New Age religions. particular seat. • Men generally remain standing until all the women have taken their seats. Basic Culture and Norms • If you have not finished eating, cross your knife and fork inthe • Appearances are important to the Dutch. middle of the plate with the fork over the knife. • They are disciplined, conservative, and pay attention to the smallest details. • Do not begin eating until the hostess starts. • They see themselves as thrifty, hardworking, practical and • Most food is eaten with utensils, including sandwiches. well organized. • The host gives the first toast. An honoured guest should return the • They place high value on cleanliness and neatness. toast later in the meal. • At the same time, the Dutch are very private people. • Salad is not cut; fold the lettuce on your fork. • They do not draw attention to themselves and do not value the • Always start with small amounts so you may accept second helpings. accoutrements of success highly prized by other western societies. • Finish everything on your plate. It is offensive to waste food in • They dislike displays of wealth, as they run counter to their the Netherlands. egalitarian beliefs. • Indicate you have finished eating by laying your knife and fork • They do not boast about their accomplishments or their material parallel across the right side of your plate. possessions. Business Meeting Etiquette Family Values • Punctuality for meetings is taken extremely seriously. The Dutch see the family as the foundation of the social structure. • Being late may mark you as untrustworthy and someone who may • Families tend to be small, often with only one or two children. not meet other deadlines. • Relatively few women work outside the house full-time as compared • Maintain direct eye contact while speaking. to many other cultures. • This allows mothers to be more available to their children throughout http://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/netherlands-guide the entire day.

Meeting Etiquette • The handshake is the common form of greeting. • It is firm and swift, accompanied by a smile, and repetition of your name. • Shake hands with everyone individually including children. • Very close friends may greet each other by air kissing near the

32 33 DENMARK: COUNTRY PROFILE immigrants (defined as people born in Denmark from migrant parents, or parents without Danish citizenship) —less than a third of whom are from the neighboring Scandinavian countries and Germany. Over two-thirds Geography and Climate include people from Turkey, Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark is the smallest Scandinavian country, consisting of the Jutland South Asia, and from Western Asia. More than 590,000 individuals peninsula, north of Germany, and over 400 islands of various sizes, some (10.4%) are migrants and their descendants 142,000 second generation inhabited and linked to the mainland by ferry or bridge. The landscape migrants born in Denmark. consists mainly of low-lying, fertile countryside broken by beech woods, small lakes and fjords. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are also under Egalitarianism in Danish Society the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark, although both have home Denmark is an egalitarian society. Interestingly this is reflected in their rule. The Faroe Islands is a group of 18 islands in the North Atlantic language, which employs gender-neutral words. Most Danes are modest inhabited by a population of 49,709 (2013), whose history dates back to about their own accomplishments and are more concerned about the the Viking period. Fishing and sheep farming are the two most important group than their own individual needs. occupations. Tórshavn, the capital of the Faroes, is served by direct flights from Copenhagen. During the summer months, there are direct flights Maternity and paternity leave provisions are particularly generous in from Aberdeen and Glasgow. Denmark. Men are more actively involved in child-rearing activities than in many countries, although the division of domestic chores is similar to Summer extends from June to August, which are also the best months other developed countries. to visit. Winter is from December to March, and tends to be wet with long periods of frost and dark days. Spring and autumn are generally mild. Women in Danish Society The Faroe Islands are under the influence of the warm current of the Women are highly respected in business and generally receive equal pay Gulf Stream, and they enjoy a very mild climate for the latitude. Winters and have access to senior positions. Working mothers can easily arrange are warm, but the islands are cloudy, windy and wet throughout the year. flexible hours so that they can maintain both a career and a family. Danish Summers are cool, but with little sunshine. women expect to be treated with respect in the office.

Government Facts and Figures The political system of Denmark is that of a multi-party structure, where Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 14 January 1972) several parties can be represented in Parliament at any one time. Danish Head of Government: Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt governments are often characterized by minority administrations, aided (since 3 October 2011) with the help of one or more supporting parties. This means that Danish Area: 43,094 sq km politics is based on consensus politics. Since 1909, no single party has Population 5,569,077 (July 2014 est.) had the majority in Parliament. It is a constitutional monarchy. Capital city: Copenhagen Language: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit Danish Society and Culture dialect), German (small minority), and English According to 2012 figures from Statistics Denmark, 89.6% of Denmark’s is the predominant second language population of over 5,580,516 are of Danish descent, defined as having at State Church: Evangelical Lutheran least one parent who was born in Denmark and has Danish citizenship. Currency: Danish krone (DKK) Many of the remaining 10.4% are immigrants—or descendants of recent Constitution Day: 5 June Average life expectancy: Female: 82 years, Male: 77 years 34 35 inaugurated important social and labor market reforms, laying the basis History for the present welfare state. The Danes, a homogenous Gothic-Germanic people, have inhabited Denmark since prehistoric times. Danish is the principal language. A Denmark remained neutral during World War I. Despite its declaration of small German-speaking minority lives in southern Jutland; a mostly Inuit neutrality at the beginning of World War II, it was invaded by the Germans population inhabits Greenland; and the Faroe Islands have a Nordic in 1940 and occupied until it was liberated by the Allied forces in May population with its own language. Education is compulsory from ages 1945. Denmark became a charter member of the United Nations and was seven to 16 and is free through the university level. one of the original signers of the North Atlantic Treaty.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church is state supported and accounts for Religion about 97% of Denmark’s religious affiliation. Denmark has religious Compared with most other countries in the world, Denmark’s societal freedom, however, and several other Protestant denominations and other institutions and popular mentality have been shaped by Christianity to religions exist. an exceptional degree. It can be asserted that religion is more firmly entrenched in Danish society than in many other countries. During the Viking period (9th-11th centuries), Denmark was a great power based on the Jutland Peninsula, the Island of Zealand, and the southern In practice, Christianity today comes to the fore, primarily during part of what is now Sweden. In the early 11th century, King Canute united solemnizations surrounding birth and death. Like the other Nordic Denmark and England for almost 30 years. countries, particularly Sweden, Denmark is also among the world’s most secularised countries, in which religion and Christianity play only a minor, Viking raids brought Denmark into contact with Christianity, and in the 12th often indirect, role in public life. century, crown and church influence increased. By the late 13th century, royal power had waned, and the nobility forced the king to grant a charter, A programmatic expression of the relationship between nation building considered Denmark’s first constitution. Although the strugglebetween and Denmark’s Christianisation is present on “Denmark’s birth certificate”, crown and nobility continued into the 14th century,Queen Margrethe the Jelling Stone, which dates back to around 965 A.D. On this rune stone, I succeeded in uniting Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Faroe King Harald Bluetooth describes his two great interrelated achievements: Islands, Iceland, and Greenland under the Danish crown. Sweden and “Harald King had these stones made after Gorm his father and after Thyra Finland left the union in 1520; however, Norway remained until 1814. his mother – that Harald who won all Denmark and Norway and made the Iceland, in a “personal union” under the king of Denmark after 1918, Danes Christian”. became independent in 1944. This trend continued with the Reformation in 1536, when the Danish The Reformation was introduced in Denmark in 1536. Denmark’s church became Evangelical Lutheran and was integrated into the state, provinces in today’s southwestern Sweden were lost in 1658, and Norway as well as in the religious revivals of the 1800s, the energy of which was transferred from the Danish to the Swedish crown in 1814, following was to a large extent channelled into the cultural, social, and business the defeat of Napoleon, with whom Denmark was allied. The Danish developments that came to form the foundations of the 20th-Century liberal movement gained momentum in the 1830s, and in 1849 Denmark Danish welfare state. became a constitutional monarchy. After the war with Prussia and Austria in 1864, Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig- Holstein to Prussia and Christianity’s unique history in Denmark explains why the mutual adopt a policy of neutrality. Toward the end of the 19th century, Denmark interdependence of the people, the state, and the church has remained

36 37 in place longer and more strongly in Denmark than in any other country. Danish Traits and Social Practices There has, quite simply, never been a break in this interdependence, as When you arrive in Denmark you will probably notice the relaxed has occurred as a result of revolution, civil war, military occupation, cultural atmosphere, a lot of people on bikes, and that things generally run struggle, religious revival, and immigration in virtually all other European smoothly. A blend of stately old buildings and modern sustainable countries. This is not to suggest an absence of debate concerning this architecture speaks of cities that treasure the old but love experimenting relationship, yet there is general popular support for Article 4 of the with the new. Constitution of Denmark, which sets forth that the Evangelical Lutheran church is Denmark’s People’s Church and is thus supported by the state. You may also find that that living in Denmark is not exactly cheap. However, The new government of 2011 is striving for the Church of Denmark to if you are sensible and follow local habits and are a little economical – become more independent, with a looser association to the state. such as cycling to university and eating at home – then living costs in Denmark should not blow your budget. Economy Once essentially an agricultural country and still possessing a visibly rural Basic Culture and Norms landscape, Denmark after 1945 greatly expanded its industrial base so Danish Family Values that by 2006 industry contributed about 25% of the gross domestic product • Most families are small. and agriculture less than 2% (Denmark’s other traditional industries of • The nuclear family is the centre of the social structure. fishing and shipbuilding have also declined). Financial and other services, • Children are raised to be independent from an early age. trade, transportation, and communications are also important. Meeting Etiquette The main commodities raised are livestock (pigs, cattle, and poultry), root • Greetings are casual, with a firm handshake, direct eye contact, crops (potatoes and sugar beets), and cereals (barley, wheat, and oats). and a smile. There is a large fishing industry, and Denmark possesses a commercial • Shake hands and say hello or good-bye individually when arriving shipping fleet of considerable size. The leading industries include food or departing. processing (especially meat and dairy goods) and shipbuilding and the • Shake hands with women first. manufacture of iron and steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery • Danes tend to introduce themselves with their first names. and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, furniture and other wood products, windmills, pharmaceuticals, and medical Dining Etiquette equipment. Metal products are made almost entirely from imported raw • Arrive on time. Danes are punctual in both business and materials, as Denmark has scant mineral resources. Tourism is also a social situations. substantial industry. • Check to see if you should remove your shoes before entering the house. Denmark’s main exports are processed foods, agricultural and industrial • Contact the hostess ahead of time to see if she would like you to machinery, pharmaceuticals, furniture, and windmills; the chief imports bring a dish. are machinery and equipment, raw materials, chemicals, grain and • Offer to help the hostess with the preparation or clearing up after a foodstuffs, and consumer goods. The country’s leading trade partners are meal is served. Germany, Sweden, Great Britain, and other countries in the European • Danes enjoy showing off their homes since they have usually done Union countries. the decorating themselves and are proud of their accomplishments. Therefore, they are happy when you ask for a tour of their house. • Do not discuss business. 38 39 SECURING RESIDENCE CARDS Table manners • Table manners are Continental. • Wait to be told where to sit. There may be a seating plan. Norway • Hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. • Always keep your hands visible when eating. Keep your wrists Apply for a residence or work permit resting on the edge of the table. You need a residence permit to become an au pair in Norway. You can • Try everything. apply for both residence and work permit at the same time using the • Expect to be offered second helpings. You may refuse without corresponding application form. You need the following documents for offending your hosts. your application: • Finish everything on your plate. Danes do not like wasting food. • A valid passport. • When you have finished eating, place your knife and fork across your • The standard contract for au pairs signed by both you and your plate with the tines facing up and the handles turned to the right. host family. • The man seated to the left of the hostess generally offers a toast of • Proof of your host family’s nationality (for instance, copies of thanks during the dessert course. their passports). • Do not begin eating until the host toasts with ‘Skol’. • A copy of your own passport (should you already be in Norway, • When toasting, raise your glass about eye level and make eye you need to ensure that your passport or equivalent contains contact with the people seated closest to you. your entry date). • A Norwegian or English translation of all documents. • A passport photo which complies with certain criteria. • In addition, you need to pay a fee.

In addition to the above mentioned documents, you may be required to hand in further documents: • in a situation where you apply for your residence permit from outside your home country, you must be able to prove that you have been a legal resident of this country for the past six months. • in a situation where your host family is a single parent family, you need a document which proves to what extent (how much time) the parent is responsible for his or her child. • if your host family applies on your behalf, they need your written authorisation.

Should you add copies of the above mentioned documents to your application, you need to present the originals when handing in your application.

How to hand in your application for your residence permit: You can hand in your application to a Norwegian embassy or consulate

40 41 in your home country or the country for which you have a valid residence The Netherlands permit (for the past six months). In some countries, you have the opportunity to hand in your application to the Swedish or Danish embassy, How to apply for an au pair residence permit as well. The au pair agency will submit your application to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (IND) on your behalf. If you hand in your application in Norway or to a Norwegian embassy, you should do so online. During your online registration, you schedule an Documents appointment with the police or an embassy to hand in your passport and The sponsor will tell you which documents they need to send to the IND other documents. but they will definitely require copies of your passport/travel ID. Foreign documents will need to be authenticated or ‘legalised’ by the appropriate If you apply for your residence permit through a Swedish or Danish authorities in the originating country and be in Dutch, English, French or embassy, you need to use the written application form. You also need German. to contact the embassy to arrange an appointment for handing in your passport and other necessary documents. Fees The agency will have to pay a fee to process your application, which is Au pairs in Norway may reside in the country for a maximum of two non-refundable if your application is rejected. The current fee is EUR 614. years. However, the residence permit is only issued for the duration of employment. During this period of time, you may leave and enter Norway There may be additional costs for legalizing or translating documents or as often as you wish. administration costs incurred by the embassy or consulate in processing the application. Get your residence card After your application for the residence permit has been approved, you Timescale will receive a letter asking you to take care of the so-called residence The IND aims to take two weeks to assess your application. card. It proves that you are a legal resident in Norway. As soon as you have received this letter, you must go to the Norwegian police, who will take your finger prints and photo. Approximately 10 days later, you will Once you have your residence permit receive your residence card. Working Take a tuberculosis test You can only work for your host family, carrying out the daily tasks According to Norwegian law, au pairs from outside the EU, EFTA or EEA previously agreed. You cannot undertake any other type of work. need to take a tuberculosis test. Your host family should arrange an appointment within the first two days upon your arrival as the test should How long is the permit valid for? be done before you start looking after their children. It’s valid for one year only and cannot be extended. If you want to stay in the Netherlands when the permit ends, you have to make an application for a new residence permit with a new purpose of stay, and the IND will assess you to see if you meet the conditions. You should make the application before your initial residence permit runs out.

42 43 is, those with the right to reside in Denmark even though they have not Additionally, within three months after the au pair’s arrival in the Netherlands, been granted a residence permit, such as asylum seekers. the au pair will have to undergo an examination for tubercolosis. Normally, it is a precondition for your residence permit as an au pair that you have not previously held a Danish residence permit. Denmark If you submit your application in your country of origin How to apply If you apply in your country of origin, you can submit your application If you wish to apply for a residence permit as an au pair, both you and at the Danish diplomatic mission (embassy or consulate general). The your host family in Denmark must supply information for the processing individual diplomatic mission can make further demands such as extra of your application. passport photos or duplicate copies of the application. It is a good idea to check the requirements on the website of the diplomatic mission before It is your host family in Denmark who begins the application process by submitting your application. When you have completed and submitted completing their part of the application form and attaching the required the application form, the diplomatic mission will forward it to the Danish documents. They send or give the form and attached documents to you. Agency for Labour Retention and International Recruitment, where it will Then you complete your part of the form, attach the required documents, be processed. and submit the entire application. If you have resided legally in another country for the past three months, Fee for submitting an application you can also submit your application at the Danish diplomatic mission in A processing fee will normally have to be paid in order for your that country. application to be processed by the Danish Agency for Labour Retention and International Recruitment. The fee can either be paid by you (the If there is no Danish diplomatic mission in your country of origin or country applicant) or by another person, such as a person in Denmark. of residence, you may submit your application in another country. You can find additional information about Danish diplomatic missions on the If you submit your application to a diplomatic mission (embassy or website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. If you are a Philippine citizen, consulate general) you will normally also have to pay a fee. The fee can you can submit your application at the Norwegian embassy in Manila. vary in price. It is a good idea to check the fee on the website of the diplomatic mission before submitting your application. If you submit your application in Denmark Normally, you must have obtained a Danish residence permit before Where to submit your application entering Denmark. Normally, you must have obtained a residence permit before entering Denmark. You can submit your application in your country of origin (or in If you are staying legally in Denmark on the grounds of another residence the country where you have resided legally for the past three months). In permit, a valid visa, visa free stay, or under EU regulations, you can submit certain cases, it is possible to submit an application in Denmark, but this your application - and have it processed - in Denmark, unless particular depends on your grounds for being in the country. reasons say otherwise.

Generally, you cannot submit an application for a residence permit after The Danish Agency for Labour Retention and International Recruitment entering Denmark. This applies to people with procedural residence, that decides whether an application submitted in Denmark will be processed.

44 45 If the agency accepts your application for processing, you may stay in the Processing your application country during the processing. When the Danish Agency for Labour Retention and International Recruitment has received your application for a residence permit, it will If the agency choses to refuse your application, it will not be processed. evaluate it along with the attached documentation. In many cases, the This means that you will have to return to your country of origin or residence agency will need to obtain additional information from e.g. you and/or the and submit a new application to the Danish diplomatic mission there. host family. In addition, the agency will check to see if you have been reported to the Schengen Information System (SIS). If your application is refused, you can appeal the decision to the Ministry of Employment. If the agency receives information that does not correspond with the information you have provided, you will be asked to explain any Processing your application discrepancies before a decision is made. When the Danish Agency for Labour Retention and International Recruitment has received your application for a residence permit, it will Once the agency has received all necessary information relating to your evaluate it along with the attached documentation. In many cases, the application, it will choose whether or not to grant you a residence permit. agency will need to obtain additional information from you and/or the host family. In addition, the agency will check to see if you have been reported How do you receive the ruling? to the Schengen Information System (SIS). If you submit your application from your country of origin (or country of residence), the decision will be sent to the diplomatic mission where you If the agency receives information that does not correspond with submitted your application. The diplomatic mission will then forward it to the information you have provided, you will be asked to explain any your home address, or request that you pick it up in person. discrepancies before a decision is made. If you submit your application in Denmark, the decision will be sent to Once the agency has received all necessary information relating to your your address in Denmark, or to your attorney. The agency may also ask application, it will choose whether or not to grant you a residence permit. the police to inform you of the decision, or ask you to pick it up in person at the Service Centre. How do you receive the ruling? If you submit your application from your country of origin (or country of residence), the decision will be sent to the diplomatic mission where you submitted your application. The diplomatic mission will then forward it to your home address, or request that you pick it up in person.

If you submit your application in Denmark, the decision will be sent to your address in Denmark, or to your attorney. The agency may also ask the police to inform you of the decision, or ask you to pick it up in person at the Service Centre.

46 47 COUNTRY AUSTRIA AGE 18-28 CIVIL STATUS Not married and have no children. AND OTHER Must not have been an au pair in Austria during the last 5 years. QUALIFICATIONS Must have learned German for at least 6 months. LANGUAGE SKILLS At least basic German language skills and has to provide evidence of it. It can be a school certificate or a confirmation from universities in English or German. DURATION OF 12 months (a confirmation of notification will be initially issued ENGAGEMENT for 6 months and then it can be extended for the next 6 months). The au pair will only get a confirmation of notification, if he/she didn’t work in Austria for longer than a year in the last five years. NUMBER OF HOURS Maximum 20 hours a week. TO BE SPENT FOR THE LIGHT DUTIES POCKET MONEY 374, 02 Euros (495.044 USD) per month (This applies to MATRIX OF contracts that are concluded after 1 January 2011). 15 payments of pocket money per year (12 months’ pocket money + 2 holiday allowances + a Christmas bonus). AU PAIR FREE TIME/HOLIDAYS At least 1 day off per week and 30 days off a year. LANGUAGE COURSE An au pair needs to have the opportunity to attend a language course. The costs of the language course will be divided between CONTRACTS the au pair and the host family. BOARD AND LODGING Au pairs need their own, furnished room that can be locked. INSURANCE The au pair has to be registered with the social insurance institution. The host family will pay these contributions. The host family can take out a health insurance for the au pair with a private health insurance company. TAX OBLIGATION CONDITIONS FOR A HOST FAMILY IMPORTANT Au pairs from other countries need to apply for a “special paid REMINDERS work” (Aufenthaltsbewilligung – Sonderfälle unselbstständiger Erwerbstätigkeit) residence permit to become an au pair in Austria.

48 49 COUNTRY BELGIUM COUNTRY DENMARK AGE 18-25 AGE 17 - 30 CIVIL STATUS CIVIL STATUS • He/she must not have minor children to care for. AND OTHER • May not be married. AND OTHER QUALIFICATIONS • Have been married in the past, or currently be living with a partner. QUALIFICATIONS • Must have completed the equivalent of nine years of schooling. • Must not have been an au pair in other countries. LANGUAGE SKILLS Needs to have basic knowledge of the language which LANGUAGE SKILLS The au pair must be able to speak and understand a reasonable level of Danish, is spoken within the host family or she/he has to commit himself Swedish, Norwegian, English or German. to get this basic knowledge by attending an intensive language DURATION OF An au pair is granted a residence permit for one year, but no longer than the duration course directly after his/her arrival. ENGAGEMENT of the au pair contract. A six-month extension can be granted so that in exceptional DURATION OF Must exceed the duration of one year. cases, the au pair may stay with the family for a maximum of 18 months. ENGAGEMENT NUMBER OF HOURS 18-30 hours a week, not more than 3-5 hours per day. TO BE SPENT FOR NUMBER OF HOURS Not more than 4 hours per day and 20 hours per week. THE LIGHT DUTIES TO BE SPENT FOR THE LIGHT DUTIES POCKET MONEY • At least 4,200 DKK per month. POCKET MONEY At least 450 euro (594.380 USD) per month (which necessarily FREE TIME / The au pair has one day off per week. Also, the au pair must be given the opportunity HOLIDAYS to participate in religious worship. must be paid by means of bank transfer). FREE TIME/HOLIDAYS The Au pair is entitled to one day off per week. The host family and the au pair have to decide if the au pair will be covered by the Holidays Act or the Act on Certain Employment Relationships in Agriculture. LANGUAGE COURSE The Au pair is obliged to participate in a course of the language LANGUAGE COURSE The domestic chores and child care should be scheduled in a way that allows the au spoken in the region where the host family lives with a pair to follow language courses. recognized institution. BOARD AND The au pair receives free room and board. He/she has to be provided with free meals BOARD AND LODGING LODGING and an adequate room on his/her own in the house of the host family. INSURANCE The host family has to conclude a health insurance for the au INSURANCE Should the au pair fall ill during his or her stay, it is the responsibility of the host family to provide free food, lodging and sufficient care until the necessary further arrangements pair. It is also advisable to conclude an additional insurance have been made. It is furthermore the responsibility of the host family to sign the which covers liability and accident and an insurance to cover au pair up for health insurance. They can do it at the local Citizen’s Service Centre potential expulsion costs. (Borgerservice). The au pair will get there a so-called CPR number and ‘health card’. TAX OBLIGATION TAX OBLIGATION CONDITIONS FOR A Needs to have at least one child younger than 13 years old at CONDITIONS FOR A • At least one of the parents in the host family must be a Danish Citizen. HOST FAMILY • The family has to have one or more minor children. HOST FAMILY the beginning of the au pair stay. • The host family must not receive public funds. • The host family has to declare to the Danish Immigration Service that they don’t IMPORTANT An au pair in Belgium may not have had a work permit for receive any public funds according to the law on Active Social Policy. This declaration REMINDERS Belgium before. is included in the application form for residence permit. • The host family is not allowed to employ more than one au pair at the same time. IMPORTANT REMINDERS

50 51 COUNTRY FINLAND COUNTRY FRANCE AGE 17-30 AGE 18-30 CIVIL STATUS AND The au pair may not be a relative of the host family. CIVIL STATUS AND • Unmarried OTHER QUALIFICATIONS The au pair may not take his/her own children with him/her to Finland. OTHER QUALIFICATIONS • Have no children • A student or have a school leaving certificate equivalent to the LANGUAGE SKILLS Basic knowledge of the Finnish or Swedish language need to be French baccalauréat demonstrated or the applicant needs to read Scandinavian Studies with reference to Finnish history, politics and culture and he/she needs to be LANGUAGE SKILLS Have a basic knowledge of French. able to prove this. DURATION OF DURATION OF 12 months ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT NUMBER OF HOURS Up to 5 hours a day and 30 hours per week. NUMBER OF HOURS 30 hours per week at most, not more than 5 hours per day. TO BE SPENT FOR THE TO BE SPENT FOR THE LIGHT DUTIES LIGHT DUTIES POCKET MONEY €258 to €309.60 per month. POCKET MONEY Amount to at least €252 net per month (as of 03/2010). FREE TIME /HOLIDAYS • One day off per week. FREE TIME /HOLIDAYS Two days of vacation per month in accordance with the Finnish labor • Once every month this day should fall on a Sunday. legislation. LANGUAGE COURSE It is compulsory for au pairs to take a French course. Au pair will LANGUAGE COURSE The au pair is obliged to take part in a Finish or Swedish language course have to bear the cost. The host family must book the former’s during his/her stay to be able to apply for a residence permit. The family language course. has to give the au pair the opportunity to attend a language course. But it is the family’s decision whether they pay for it. BOARD AND LODGING Will receive free board and lodging. BOARD AND LODGING The family has to offer board and lodging. INSURANCE Au pairs are covered by the Assurance Maladie Maternité and INSURANCE Au pairs from non-EU and non-EFTA countries need their own health the Assurance Accidents du Travail. For this purpose, an au pair insurance. The family has to make sure beforehand that the au pair has a needs to be registered with the social insurance institution at the valid health insurance. The cost for health insurance has to be paid for by host family’s domicile, i.e. at the Caisse Primaire d’Assurance the host family. Maladie (CPAM). TAX OBLIGATION An au pair in Finland is subject to taxation. As a general rule, an au pair must have a tax card and has to complete a tax return. The tax card Host family pays the contributions. Social insurance benefits will needs to be applied for at the Finnish revenue board VERO. be given to an au pair should there be an illness or accident or get pregnant. Au pairs who stay in Finland for longer than 6 months need a Finnish Personal Identity Number (henkilötunnus or sosiaaliturvatunnus, TAX OBLIGATION personbetecking). This can be applied for at the Local Registration Office CONDITIONS FOR A Have one or several children under the age of 18. (Maistraatti). This number is necessary e.g. for the revenue board. HOST FAMILY CONDITIONS FOR A There are no restrictions concerning the number of the family’s children IMPORTANT REMINDERS Within the first eight days after your arrival, your host family must HOST FAMILY or concerning the family members’ nationality. Singles, too, may employ register you with the local URSSAF (Union de Recouvrement an au pair. des cotisations de Sécurité Sociale et d’Allocations Familiales). IMPORTANT REMINDERS

52 53 COUNTRY GERMANY COUNTRY ICELAND AGE 18-24 AGE 18-25 CIVIL STATUS AND • Not married. CIVIL STATUS OTHER QUALIFICATIONS • Do not have any children. AND OTHER • Have not already been an au pair in Germany. QUALIFICATIONS LANGUAGE SKILLS Basic knowledge of the German language (level A1 at least). LANGUAGE SKILLS If the au pair does not speak Icelandic, she should have a good DURATION OF 12 months. knowledge of English. ENGAGEMENT DURATION OF 12 months maximum. It cannot be renewed. NUMBER OF HOURS Not more than 6 hours a day and 30 hours a week. ENGAGEMENT TO BE SPENT FOR THE NUMBER OF HOURS LIGHT DUTIES 30 hours per week. TO BE SPENT FOR POCKET MONEY Monthly pocket money of €260. THE LIGHT DUTIES FREE TIME /HOLIDAYS • At least one day off per week and should be a Sunday. The POCKET MONEY 10.000 IKR per week. host family should make sure that an au pair gets at least 4 free FREE TIME / At least two full days off per week, not less than one weekend of evenings per week. HOLIDAYS each month shall be free. • An au pair is entitled to a 4 week paid holiday, provided that the au pair stays with his/her host family for a whole year. LANGUAGE COURSE The au pair shall be given adequate time to attend a language course. Working hours shall be arranged in order to make this LANGUAGE COURSE Host family should offer the opportunity to attend a German possible. language course during free time. The same applies to cultural activities. It is common that the au pair pays the language course The language course has to be paid by the au pair him-/herself. fee by himself/herself. BOARD AND BOARD AND LODGING Host family must offer free board and lodging to the au pair. An LODGING au pair must always be given an individual room at the family’s home. This room must have a window and be 8 square meteres INSURANCE Au pairs from non-EEA countries need to conclude a medical large. It should also have a lock and with heating. insurance covering at least 2.000.000 IKR. The insurance has to be issued by an insurance company which is authorized to provide INSURANCE Insurance for the au pair for the following cases: illness, pregnancy, services in Iceland. childbirth and accident should be covered by a medical and liability insurance taken out by the host family. TAX OBLIGATION CONDITIONS FOR A Insurance cost range between 20 and 50 euros per month HOST FAMILY depending on the provider, extent of coverage and performance. IMPORTANT Upon arrival in Iceland the au pair has to register at the National TAX OBLIGATION REMINDERS Registry and deliver a Medical Certificate to the Directorate of Immigration Afterwards, he/she needs to go to the Directorate’s CONDITIONS FOR A • One child under 18 years lives with you at home. Office, or to the nearest District Commissioner office tobe HOST FAMILY • One of the parents is a German or EU national. photographed for a residence permit card. IMPORTANT REMINDERS

54 55 COUNTRY IRELAND COUNTRY ITALY AGE 18-27 AGE 18-30 CIVIL STATUS Have a school-leaving qualification. It is an advantage if you CIVIL STATUS Unmarried and do not have any children. AND OTHER have a driver’s license. AND OTHER QUALIFICATIONS QUALIFICATIONS LANGUAGE SKILLS At least have basic knowledge of English. LANGUAGE SKILLS Have a basic knowledge of the Italian language. DURATION OF 6 to 12 months in Ireland. DURATION OF ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT NUMBER OF HOURS 25 to 35 hours per week. NUMBER OF HOURS 30 hours per week. TO BE SPENT FOR TO BE SPENT FOR THE LIGHT DUTIES The host family can ask the au pair to do some baby sitting up to THE LIGHT DUTIES 3 evenings per week. POCKET MONEY €240 monthly. POCKET MONEY App. €75 to €100 per week. FREE TIME / 1 full day off, 2-3 free afternoons and 3-4 free evenings per FREE TIME / Two days off per week and to one week of paid holidays per six HOLIDAYS week. HOLIDAYS months. LANGUAGE COURSE Have enough spare time and the opportunity to participate LANGUAGE COURSE An au pair should have the opportunity to attend a language in a language course. Au pair will bear the costs for the course. The costs for the language course need to be paid by language course. The host family should help an au pair the au pair her/himself. find a course. BOARD AND BOARD AND LODGING You will be granted free board and lodging by the family. You LODGING are also entitled to free board and lodging in case of illness. INSURANCE INSURANCE If you wish to stay longer, your host family can insure you at TAX OBLIGATION the public Italian health insurance (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale). CONDITIONS FOR A Your host family will bear the costs for this purpose. As a HOST FAMILY prerequisite, you should have a residence permit (permesso di IMPORTANT soggiorno) and an Italian tax number. REMINDERS TAX OBLIGATION CONDITIONS FOR A One or more children under the age of 18 live in the HOST FAMILY household. IMPORTANT REMINDERS

56 57 COUNTRY LIECHTENSTEIN COUNTRY NETHERLANDS AGE from 17 AGE 18-25 CIVIL STATUS CIVIL STATUS AND Not married and have no children. Never previously resided in the AND OTHER OTHER QUALIFICATIONS Netherlands on a residence permit. QUALIFICATIONS LANGUAGE SKILLS LANGUAGE SKILLS DURATION OF A residence permit to stay as an au pair can be issued for up to one DURATION OF A residence permit can be issued for maximum 12 months. It is ENGAGEMENT year. ENGAGEMENT not possible to extend it. NUMBER OF HOURS Not allowed to work more than 8 hours a day (babysitting hours NUMBER OF HOURS 30 hours weekly. TO BE SPENT FOR THE included) and 30 hours per week, spread out over a maximum of TO BE SPENT FOR LIGHT DUTIES 5 days a week. Moreover, babysitting is restricted to 3 evenings a THE LIGHT DUTIES week. POCKET MONEY Au pairs younger than 18 years: 985 CHF monthly (1705 CHF POCKET MONEY Between 300 and 340 euros per month. but au pairs need to pay 720 CHF for board and lodging). FREE TIME /HOLIDAYS Minimum of two evenings and two days off per week, and at least one whole weekend a month. Au pairs older than 18 years: 1115 CHF monthly (1835 CHF but au pairs need to pay 720 CHF for board and lodging). 2 weeks of holiday minimum per 12 months. FREE TIME / LANGUAGE COURSE The cost of the language course depends on the discussion between HOLIDAYS the contracting parties. The cost is not automatically charged to the LANGUAGE COURSE Au pairs are obliged to attend a German language course. host family. The confirmation of such a course needs to be submitted to BOARD AND LODGING You receive free board and lodging. You are entitled to food and the Immigration Office (Ausländer- und Passamt) to issue a accommodation in cases of illness and during your holiday as well. residence permit. A host family needs to pay for the language INSURANCE The host family has to conclude a health and accident insurance for their course. au pair. It is also compulsory to insure the au pair for repatriation. BOARD AND The costs of board and lodging are also considered as au pairs’ TAX OBLIGATION LODGING earnings. So 720 CHF will be deducted from au pairs’ pocket money. CONDITIONS FOR A At least one child under 18 years. HOST FAMILY INSURANCE Host families need to take out an accident insurance for an au IMPORTANT REMINDERS Au pairs should apply for a re-entry visa if they leave temporarily The pair. Netherlands. TAX OBLIGATION Medical Examinations for au pairs are not necessarily required CONDITIONS FOR A A host family cannot have the same mother tongue as an au pair. except when an accredited agency requires it. HOST FAMILY There must always be one parent at home. The only exception is single parent families. Participants must register at the community centers upon their arrival and apply their residence permits at Immigration and Naturalization Host families are obliged to pay social contributions. Service. IMPORTANT REMINDERS Former au pairs to other European countries are allowed to participate.

58 59 COUNTRY NORWAY COUNTRY SPAIN AGE 18 and 30 AGE 18-30 CIVIL STATUS Au pair may not be a relative of the host family. CIVIL STATUS 18-30 years old. AND OTHER AND OTHER Citizens of the EU as well as of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway QUALIFICATIONS Until the Norwegian government has not finalized its rule on the civil status of au pairs, QUALIFICATIONS those who are married and with children are still allowed to participate. and Switzerland. From Canada or New Zealand. LANGUAGE SKILLS Basic knowledge of English. Not married and have no children. DURATION OF A maximum period of two years. The duration of the permit will not exceed the period Never had a residence permit in Spain. ENGAGEMENT the applicant applied for or the validity of the contract. LANGUAGE SKILLS Speak Spanish. NUMBER OF HOURS Approximately 30 hours a week. In any case the au pair should not work more than 5 TO BE SPENT FOR hours a day. DURATION OF At least 6 months. THE LIGHT DUTIES ENGAGEMENT POCKET MONEY At least NOK 5,600 (before tax) per month. NUMBER OF HOURS Work 30 hours per week. FREE TIME / 48 hours free time every week of which 24 hours must be uninterrupted. Every second TO BE SPENT FOR HOLIDAYS week one free day shall be a Sunday, and public holidays are also off. The au pair shall THE LIGHT DUTIES have one regular free afternoon per week. POCKET MONEY Receive 50-70 euros per week. Entitled to 25 weekdays of holiday per calendar year. FREE TIME / Has one day off per week. This day should fall on a Sunday at least LANGUAGE An opportunity to learn Norwegian language, where the course fees should be HOLIDAYS once a month. COURSE shouldered by the host family (NOK 6,000/year). LANGUAGE COURSE You should have the possibility to take part in a Spanish language BOARD AND Free board and lodging. LODGING course. Normally, you bear the course cost yourself. It is better INSURANCE Host family to cover the cost of insurance in case of illness or injury, death and repatriation if you ask your host family to assist you in finding proper offers of remains and personal belongings. within their area. TAX OBLIGATION Must be paid from the amount of the au pairs’ pocket money. BOARD AND Board and lodging are free. LODGING The au pair has to be registered with the Tax Office. INSURANCE A host family does not necessarily need to conclude a health and CONDITIONS FOR A If a family has the same nationality as an au pair, it is required that they have been accident insurance for an au pair. HOST FAMILY living in Norway for at least 10 years. TAX OBLIGATION A married couple with children, cohabitants regardless of gender with children or a single father or single mother with a child or children. Single persons without any CONDITIONS FOR A One child under 18 years living with you. children do not come under the definition of host family. HOST FAMILY IMPORTANT The au pair has to be registered with the local police office within 2 weeks after the IMPORTANT REMINDERS arrival in order to receive a final residence permit. REMINDERS The host family shall ensure that the au pair is registered with the National Health Service. The au pair has to be registered with the Social Registration Office in order to obtain a social security number. The Au-Pair may change host family if desirable. An au pair cannot start working for the new family until your new application for a residence permit has been granted. Former au pairs to other European countries are allowed to participate.

60 61 COUNTRY SWEDEN COUNTRY SWITZERLAND AGE 18-30 AGE 18-25 CIVIL STATUS CIVIL STATUS AND OTHER AND OTHER QUALIFICATIONS QUALIFICATIONS LANGUAGE SKILLS LANGUAGE SKILLS The native language of the au pair may not be the language DURATION OF A work permit can be granted for a period of 12 months maximum. mainly spoken in the part of Switzerland where he/she is an ENGAGEMENT It cannot be renewed. au pair. DURATION OF NUMBER OF HOURS 25 hours a week maximum. A maximum of 12 months. TO BE SPENT FOR ENGAGEMENT THE LIGHT DUTIES NUMBER OF HOURS May not exceed 30 hours per week and 5 hours per day. TO BE SPENT FOR POCKET MONEY At least 3,500 SEK per month before tax. THE LIGHT DUTIES FREE TIME / POCKET MONEY HOLIDAYS 600 to 780 CHF depending on the respective Canton. FREE TIME / LANGUAGE COURSE The host family is obliged to guarantee that the au pair will have The au pair is entitled to at least 1.5 days off per week. The au HOLIDAYS enough spare time to follow a Swedish language course. A pair should have his/her day off at least on 1 Sunday per month. certificate of enrollment in a Swedish language course has to be At least one parent must be present during half of the au pair’s enclosed with the au pairs’ application for a work permit. working hours.

Studies in Swedish for a large part of the remainder of a normal At least 4 weeks of holidays (up to the age of 20 years inclusively, 40-hour working week. the au pair is entitled to 5 weeks of holidays). LANGUAGE COURSE BOARD AND Room and board are free. The au pair must attend a language course of at least 4 hours LODGING per week. The host family has to pay the language course fees. INSURANCE BOARD AND LODGING TAX OBLIGATION INSURANCE The employer has to conclude a health insurance with an CONDITIONS FOR A accredited insurance company for the au pair. This insurance HOST FAMILY shall cover the consequences of illness (including sickness IMPORTANT A previous period spent as an au pair in another country benefit) and accidents. REMINDERS immediately prior to the planned stay in Sweden could reduce TAX OBLIGATION Au pairs are subject to taxation and must be informed about the chances of you being granted a permit in Sweden. this by the host family which can be deducted from the au If you wish to work as an au pair in Sweden you must have a pair’s salary. work permit. If you intend to work for longer than three months you must also have a residence permit. CONDITIONS FOR A The Au Pair must bear the travel costs to Sweden herself/himself. HOST FAMILY IMPORTANT The host family has to register the au pair with the Swiss REMINDERS Compensation Office.

62 63 COUNTRY UNITED KINGDOM APPENDICES AGE 18-30 CIVIL STATUS Citizens of the EU as well as nationals of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Appendix I: Philippine Diplomatic Posts In Europe AND OTHER Norway and Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, QUALIFICATIONS Japan, Monaco, or you are British overseas citizen, British overseas territories citizen or British national (overseas). EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, BRUSSELS LANGUAGE SKILLS Have good English knowledge. Hon. (Mr.) Alan L. Deniega DURATION OF At least 6 months. Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. ENGAGEMENT 297 Avenue Moliere, Brussels, 1050 BELGIUM NUMBER OF HOURS 25 hours per week. Tel No. (+322) 3403-377 to 78 TO BE SPENT FOR Duty Officer: (32-4)88609177 Car Phone: (32-4) 86509217 THE LIGHT DUTIES Fax No. (+322) 345-6425 POCKET MONEY 40 to 60 GBP. Email: [email protected] FREE TIME / 1 day off per week. This day should be on a Sunday at least once Website: brusselspe.dfa.gov.ph HOLIDAYS every month. LANGUAGE COURSE Should be given the possibility to attend an English language EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, PRAGUE course. Usually, you bear the cost for it yourself. Hon. (Mr.) Juan E. Dayang, Jr. BOARD AND Board and lodging are free. Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. LODGING Senovazne Namesti 8, Prague 1, 110 00, CZECH REPUBLIC INSURANCE Tel. Nos. (+420) 224-216397; 224-216400; 224-216385 Fax No. (+420) 224-216390 TAX OBLIGATION Duty Officer: (+420) 607-850-764 CONDITIONS FOR A At least one child under 18 years living with you. Website: praguepe.dfa.gov.ph HOST FAMILY IMPORTANT As an au pair, you do not have to pay any national insurance EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, PARIS REMINDERS contributions. H.E. (Ms.) Ma. Theresa P. Lazaro Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 4 Hameau de Boulainvilliers, 45 rue du Ranelagh 75016 Paris, FRANCE Trunkline: (+33-1) 4414-5700; 4414-5701/12 (Consular) Fax No. (+33-1) 464-75600 Emergency No.: (+33-6) 205-92515 Website: parispe.dfa.gov.ph

64 65 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, BERLIN Fax No. (+39) 06-3974-0872 H.E. (Ms.) Melita S. Sta. Maria-Thomeczek Duty Officer: (+39) 328-690-7613 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Website: romepe.dfa.gov.ph / www.romepe.dfa.gov.ph Haus Cumberland, Kurfürstendamm 194 10707 Berlin, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY PHILIPPINE CONSULATE GENERAL, MILAN Tel. No. (+49-30) 864-9500 (TRUNKLINE) Hon. (Ms.) Marichu B. Mauro Fax No.: (+49-30) 873-2551 Consul General Duty Phone: (+49) 173-521-5703 Via Stromboli No. 1 20144 Milan, ITALY Email: [email protected] Tel. No. (+39) 02-4398-0383 Website: berlinpe.dfa.gov.ph / www.philippine-embassy.de Fax No. (+39) 02-4391-1229 Hotline: (+39) 388-0933-822 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, ATHENS Email: [email protected] Hon. (Ms.) Rosario P. Lemque Website: milanpcg.dfa.gov.ph / www.philcongenmilan.net Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. 26 Antheon Street, Paleo Psychico 154-52 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE HAGUE Athens, GREECE H.E. (Mr.) Jaime Victor B. Ledda Tel. Nos. (+30-210) 672-1883; 672-1837 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Fax No. (+30-210) 672-1872 Laan Copes Van Cattenburch 125 Duty Officer: (+30-697) 697-4319-539 2585 EZ, The Hague, THE NETHERLANDS Email: [email protected] Tel. No. (+31-70) 36-04820 Website: athenspe.dfa.gov.ph Fax No. (+31-70) 35-60030 Duty Officer: (+31 0) 65261-1079 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, BUDAPEST Website: thehaguepe.dfa.gov.ph H.E. (Ms.) Maria Fe T. Pangilinan Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, OSLO 1026 Budapest , Gabor Aron utca 58 Hon. (Ms.) Charmaine Rowena C. Aviquivil Budapest, HUNGARY Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. Tel. No. (+36-1) 391-4300 4th Floor, Nedre Vollgate 4, 0158 Oslo, NORWAY Fax No. (+36-1) 200-5528 Tel. No. (+47) 224-00900 Duty Officer: (+36-30) 202-1760 Duty Officer: (+47) 9500-1072 Website: budapestpe.dfa.gov.ph Website: oslope.dfa.gov.ph / www.philembassy.no

EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, ROME EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, WARSAW H.E. (Mr.) Domingo P. Nolasco H.E. (Ms.) Patricia Ann V. Paez Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Viale delle Medaglied’Oro 112-114, Ul. Lentza 11, 02-956 Warsaw, POLAND 00136 Rome, ITALY Tel. No. (+48) 22-490-2025 Tel. No. (+39) 06- 3974-6621 Fax No. (+48) 60-254 -1012

66 67 Duty Officer: (+48) 694-736-488 6-11 Suffolk Street, London SW1Y 4HG Website: warsawpe.dfa.gov.ph UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN Tel. No. (+44) 20-7451-1780 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, LISBON Fax No. (+44) 20-7930-9787 Hon. (Mr.) Gines Jaime Ricardo D. Gallaga Emergency No. (+44) 78-0279-0695 Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. Website: londonpe.dfa.gov.ph / www.philembassy-uk.org Rua Barata Salgueiro 30 – 3 andarr 1250-044 Lisbon, PORTUGAL EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, VATICAN Tel Nos. (+351) 216-083-274; 216-083-276; 216-088-277 Hon. (Mr.) Charlie P. Manangan Fax No. (+351) 216-083-282 Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. Duty Officer: (+351) 925-410-257 Via Paolo VI, 29, 00193 Rome, ITALY Hotline: (+351) 913-890-981 Tel. No. (+39-06) 6830-8020 Website: lisbonpe.dfa.gov.ph Fax No. (+39-06) 683-4076 ATN No. (+39-06) 688-9219 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, MADRID Website: vaticanpe.dfa.gov.ph Hon. (Mr.) Emmanuel R. Fernandez Chargé d’ Affaires, a.i. Calle Eresma 2, 28002 Madrid, SPAIN (Chancery) Calle Guadalquivir 6, 28002 Madrid, SPAIN (Consular Section) Appendix II: Filipino Organizations in Denmark Tel. Nos. (+34) 917-823-830 Fax No. (+34) 914-116-606 Duty Phone: (+34) 616-491-861 BABAYLAN IN DENMARK Email: [email protected] Contact person: Ana Lindenhann Website: madripe.dfa.gov.ph Telephone Nos.: +45 9144 2637; +45 5350 0574 Website: www.babaylan.dk EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, BERNE H.E. (Mr.) Joselito A. Jimeno BAYANIHAN DENMARK Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Contact person: Brendalyn Jørgensen Kirchenfeldstrasse 73-75 Contact No.: +45 5363 1926 3005 Berne, SWITZERLAND [email protected] Tel. Nos. (+41-31) 350-1717 Website: www.bayanihan-denmark.dk Fax No. (+41-31) 352-2602 Duty Officer: (+41-79) 542-1992 BUKLOD DENMARK Website: bernepe.dfa.gov.ph Contact person: Rosemarie Christiansen Telephone No.: +45 7169 9007 EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES, LONDON Email: [email protected] H.E. (Mr.) Antonio Manuel R. Lagdameo Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary

68 69 THE FILIPINO ASSOCIATION OF DENMARK Appendix IV: Filipino Organizations in The Netherlands Contact person: Katrina Palad Telephone No.: +45 2713 0781 Email: [email protected] PHILIPPINE HONORARY CONSUL GENERAL AMSTERDAM Mr. Eppo H. Horlings FILIPINO DANISH CENTER Consul General, ad honorem Contact person: Tom Meyer Crown Building South Hullen Bergweg 365A Telephone No.: +45 2855 5180; +45 3171 8869 1101CP AMSTERDAM Email: [email protected] Tel: +31(0) 2.07.14.71.00 Website: www.filipinodanishcenter.com Fax: +31(0) 2.07.14.71.01 Email: [email protected] PINAY EXCLUSIVE, ÀRHUS Contact person: Jojo Jensen EUROPEAN NETWORK OF FILIPINO DIASPORA (ENFiD) Contact No.: +45 5034 1245 Contact Person: Diane Mondragon Halmans Email: [email protected] Website: enfid.org Website: www.pinayexclusive.com ROTTERDAM Mr. Albert Bos Consul General, ad honorem Appendix III: Filipino Organizations in Norway Lloydstraat 300 3024 EA, Rotterdam Tel: +31(0) 1.04.48.60.24 AU PAIR CENTER NORWAY Fax: +31(0) 1.04.48.60.20 Contact person: Regina Deana Pascual Email: [email protected] Telephone No.: +47 454 02 021; +47 9026 3263 Website: http://www.folkehjelp.no/aupair/

FILCOM NORWAY Email: [email protected] Website: www.filcom.no

FILIPINO CHRISTIAN CHURCH NORWAY Contact Person: Pastor John Arnold P. Angeles Email: [email protected]

70 71 Sources www.aupair-world.net www.conventions.coe.int www.denmark.dk/en/society/religion/ www.emigreglobal.com.ph www.eurowrc.org www.expatica.com www.indexmundi.com/denmark/ www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/denmark-economy.html www.justlanded.com www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette /denmark-country-profile.html www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette /norway-country-profile.html. www.nav.no www.nokut.no www.norway.ph www.norway.ph www.nyidanmark.dk www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_dk/au_pairs/how_to_apply.htm www.nyinorge.no www.odin.dep.no www.regieringen.no www.skatteetaten.no www.stavangerexpats.com www.thebestaupair.com www.udi.no www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk www.vegvesen.no www.visitnorway.com

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