B a r r i e r s t o B i o g a s U s e f o r R e n e w a b l e E n e r g y Operations Optimization Water Environment Research Foundation 635 Slaters Lane, Suite G-110 n Alexandria, VA 2231 4-11 77 Phone: 571-384-2100 n Fax: 703-299-0742 n Email:
[email protected] www.werf.org WERF Stock No. OWSO11C10 Co-published by IWA Publishing Barriers to Biogas Use Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS United Kingdom for Renewable Energy Phone: +44 (0)20 7654 5500 Fax: +44 (0)20 7654 5555 Email:
[email protected] Web: www.iwapublishing.co IWAP ISBN: 978-1-78040-101-0/1-78040-101-9 Co-published by June 2012 OWSO11C10 BARRIERS TO BIOGAS USE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY by: John Willis, P.E. Brown and Caldwell Lori Stone, P.E. Black & Veatch Karen Durden, P.E. Brown and Caldwell Ned Beecher North East Biosolids and Residuals Association (NEBRA) Caroline Hemenway Hemenway Inc. Rob Greenwood Ross & Associates Environmental Consulting, Ltd. 2012 The Water Environment Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, funds and manages water quality research for its subscribers through a diverse public-private partnership between municipal utilities, corporations, academia, industry, and the federal government. WERF subscribers include municipal and regional water and wastewater utilities, industrial corporations, environmental engineering firms, and others that share a commitment to cost-effective water quality solutions. WERF is dedicated to advancing science and technology addressing water quality issues as they impact water resources, the atmosphere, the lands, and quality of life.