长城汽车(601633)公司研究报告 2019 年 05 月 09 日

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长城汽车(601633)公司研究报告 2019 年 05 月 09 日 [Table_MainInfo] 公司研究/汽车与零配件/汽车 证券研究报告 长城汽车(601633)公司研究报告 2019 年 05 月 09 日 [Table_InvestInfo] 首次 投资评级 优于大市 覆盖 长城汽车:增长重启 股票数据 [Table_Summary] 05[Table_StockInfo月 08 日收盘价(元)] 8.49 投资要点: 52 周股价波动(元) 5.50-11.35 总股本/流通 A 股(百万股) 9127/6028 乘用车行业迎来三年上行周期,我们认为再购需求将成为未来三年销量主要 总市值/流通市值(百万元) 77491/77491 增长来源。随着汽车保有量提升到一定水平,以及 1985 年后十年平均出生 相关研究 人数的逐步下行,首购需求已经开始进入下行通道,我们测算得从 2020 年起 [Table_ReportInfo] 首次购车占比开始低于 50%。我们认为 2022 年国内乘用车销量有望超过 2900 万辆,其中而注销再购+臵换再购是两大核心驱动力,我们测算每年贡 献约 200 万辆增量。而换购需求对于 15 万元以下的 SUV 销量拉动更为明显。 市场表现 [Table_QuoteInfo] 长城汽车 海通综指 长城汽车的发展分为三个阶段: 1.53% -8.47% 2009-2014 年:靠爆品哈弗 H6 奠定自主 SUV 龙头。长城紧抓住国内 SUV -18.47% 成长周期,率先推出爆款车型哈弗 H6,与合资品牌车型形成差异化竞争,与 -28.47% 自主品牌相比品质优越,成为市场上性价比最高的 SUV 车型,2012 年就已 -38.47% 进入国内 SUV 畅销车型前三名,2013-2018 年持续蝉联 SUV 销量冠军。 -48.47% 2018/5 2018/8 2018/11 2019/2 2014-2019 年:销量瓶颈期,红蓝标及哈弗品牌向上突破两大战略遇瓶颈。 其余自主品牌也开始进行密集 SUV 车型投放,抢夺经济型 SUV 市场,H6 沪深 300 对比 1M 2M 3M 增长逐渐放缓,甚至自 16 年起呈现萎缩态势。红蓝标车型定位区分度有限, 绝对涨幅(%) -8.2 15.0 23.2 技术及品牌难以支撑高端突破,两大尝试均未取得明显效果。 相对涨幅(%) 1.4 14.8 10.3 资料来源:海通证券研究所 2019-2022 年:车型型谱填充完全,品牌提升与销量突破有望同步落地。长 [Table_AuthorInfo] 城推出全新 F 系列,定位智能化、科技化、年轻化, 与 H 系联合出击,巩 固公司在 10-15 万元 SUV 市场的地位。同时,持续提升发动机、变速器等核 心部件的正向开发能力,动力特性与油耗表现持续改善。我们认为,F 系列 将为公司贡献未来 3-4 年的核心增量。 盈利预测与投资建议。我们预计公司 2019-2021 年对应 EPS 为 0.62 元、0.80 分析师:王猛 元、1.00 元,综合参考整车相关标的,考虑公司是 SUV 细分领域龙头、新 Tel:(021)23154017 增 F 系列具备较大销量及利润弹性、且作为纯自主品牌具备较大估值弹性, Email:[email protected] 给予公司 2019 年 PEG 0.87-0.96 水平,对应 18-20 倍 PE,合理价值区间为 证书:S0850517090004 11.16-12.40 元,首次覆盖给予“优于大市”评级。 分析师:杜威 Tel:(0755)82900463 风险提示。汽车行业景气度波动。F 系列销量爬坡低于预期。公司加大产品 Email:[email protected] 优惠幅度以致毛利率低于预期。 证书:S0850517070002 联系人:曹雅倩 Tel:(021)23154145 Email:[email protected] 主要财务数据及预测 [Table_FinanceInfo] 2017 2018 2019E 2020E 2021E 营业收入(百万元) 101169.49 99229.99 114130.45 128427.55 139672.33 (+/-)YoY(%) 2.59% -1.92% 15.02% 12.53% 8.76% 净利润(百万元) 5027.30 5207.31 5665.27 7320.39 9158.98 (+/-)YoY(%) -52.35% 3.58% 8.79% 29.22% 25.12% 全面摊薄 EPS(元) 0.55 0.57 0.62 0.80 1.00 毛利率(%) 18.98% 17.89% 18.10% 18.96% 20.00% 净资产收益率(%) 10.43% 9.91% 9.72% 11.46% 12.93% 资料来源:公司年报(2017-2018),海通证券研究所 备注:净利润为归属母公司所有者的净利润 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)2 目 录 1. 乘用车:三年上行周期 ............................................................................................... 6 1.1 乘用车消费周期性显著 .................................................................................... 6 1.2 乘用车还有多大增长空间? ............................................................................ 6 1.3 底部已现,上行周期即将开启 ......................................................................... 8 2. 长城:增长重启 .......................................................................................................... 9 2.1 2009-2014:受益 SUV 市场崛起,享受 H6 红利 ......................................... 10 2.2 2014-2019:销量瓶颈期,红蓝标战略及高端突破遇瓶颈 ............................ 12 2.3 2019-2022:完善型谱,品牌提升,提振销量 .............................................. 13 2.4 电动化、智能化加快布局 .............................................................................. 18 3. 盈利预测与投资建议 ................................................................................................ 20 4. 风险提示 .................................................................................................................. 21 财务报表分析和预测 ....................................................................................................... 22 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)3 图目录 图 1 2001-2018 年乘用车销量及同比增速 ................................................................. 6 图 2 国内排放标准实施时间表 .................................................................................... 7 图 3 2017 年国内汽车保有量结构(按排放标准) ..................................................... 7 图 4 日本:注销再购贡献核心增量(万辆) .............................................................. 7 图 5 国内汽车销量结构(万辆) ................................................................................ 7 图 6 新上市车型与十年前车型相比:外观年轻化、座舱科技感 ................................. 8 图 7 中国城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入 ..................................................................... 9 图 8 2009-2018 营业收入及同比增速 ....................................................................... 10 图 9 2009-2018 归母净利润及同比增速 ................................................................... 10 图 10 2009-2018 毛利率、三费率及净利率(%) ..................................................... 10 图 11 2009-2018 三费率情况(%) ........................................................................... 10 图 12 国内历年 SUV 销量及同比增速 ........................................................................ 11 图 13 长城汽车历年 SUV 销量及市场份额 ................................................................. 11 图 14 长城汽车的产品结构调整历史 .......................................................................... 11 图 15 2011-2018 年国内 SUV 前十大热销车型(辆) ............................................... 12 图 16 2012 款哈弗 H6 与自主品牌热销 SUV 车型性能对比 ....................................... 12 图 17 长城汽车 SUV 销量结构(万辆,分车型) ...................................................... 13 图 18 哈弗 H6 及 H2 红蓝标车型外形对比 ................................................................. 13 图 19 哈弗 H/F 双系战略 ............................................................................................ 14 图 20 长城 SUV 型谱填充完全 ................................................................................... 14 图 21 哈弗 F5、H6、F7 及竞品性能对比 ................................................................... 15 图 22 哈弗 F5 目标客户 .............................................................................................. 15 图 23 哈弗 F7 目标客户 .............................................................................................. 15 图 24 WEY VV6 与竞品车型性能指标对比 ................................................................. 16 图 25 WEY 系列销量(辆) ....................................................................................... 16 图 26 长城营销费用率与其余自主品牌对比 ................................................................ 16 图 27 哈弗部分车型及 WEY 全系已公告国六发动机车型 ........................................... 17 图 28 7DCT450 与标杆产品性能对比 ........................................................................ 17 图 29 7DCT 整车搭载规划 ......................................................................................... 17 图 30 F 系列上市以来销量表现(辆) ....................................................................... 18 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)4 图 31 长城汽车销量预测(万辆,按车型) ................................................................ 18 图 32 长城 2025 年前新能源战略规划 ........................................................................ 19 图 33 长城 i-Pilot 系统推出时间表 .............................................................................. 19 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)5 表目录 表 1 促进汽车消费 6 大举措 ....................................................................................... 9 表 2 公司整车业务销量及收入预测 .......................................................................... 20 表 3 公司主营业务的分项收入、毛利估算(百万元) ............................................. 20 表 4 整车销量及单车均价对公司营业收入的敏感性分析 .......................................... 21 表 5 可比公司估值表 ................................................................................................ 21 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)6 1. 乘用车:三年上行周期 1.1 乘用车消费周期性显著 汽车,尤其是乘用车的可选消费属性非常显著,是板块周期性变动的最核心原因。 乘用车消费是刚性需求,但购车时间在 2~3 年时间内可选,买车时点受到消费者的财务 状况和汽车零售价格等多因素共同影响。 其中,消费者财务状况包括个人现有净资产(存款、贷款)、收入(薪酬、股市及房 产等投资)及对未来收入的预期,与宏观经济高度挂钩,比如股市的收益率下滑、房价 的下行,均会侵蚀个人资产,可能造成对未来宏观经济的悲观预期,进一步影响对未来 收入预期,从而抑制乘用车的消费需求。 另一方面,可选消费的属性也决定了终端消费对乘用车的价格异常敏感,整车厂及 政府也是通过调整终端价格来调节销量。乘用车的销售是通过整车厂→经销商(4S 店) →消费者的流通环节,终端零售价格受官方售价、经销商优惠、购臵税、牌照、关税多 环节共同作用。 乘用车的周期是宏观经济大周期叠加政策小周期形成的。从大周期来看,我们认为 2001 年起国内乘用车市场经历了高速增长期(2008 年及以前)、稳健增长期(2008-2015 年)两个阶段,已开始步入低速增长期。从小周期来看,国家通过购臵税减免等优惠政 策来调节行业销量,造成了 09-10 年、16-17 年两波小周期内的超平均增速表现,而紧 随其后的是后续 1-2 年的“透支效应”。 图1 2001-2018 年乘用车销量及同比增速 2009:小排量购臵税降至5%+汽车下乡 2015.10-2016.12:小排量购臵税降至5% 3000 2010:小排量购臵税5%→7.5% 2017:小排量购臵税5%→7.5% 60% 2500 50% 40% 2000 30% 1500 20% 1000 10% 500 0% 0 -10% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 乘用车销量(万辆,左轴) 同比增速(%,右轴) 资料来源:中汽协,海通证券研究所 1.2 乘用车还有多大增长空间? 2018 年国内乘用车市场首次出现负增长。除了 16-17 年购臵税优惠政策的透支效 应以外,我们认为核心原因在于 18 年 GDP 增速回落至 6.6%,创 28 年新低,宏观经济 增速下滑,导致消费者紧张情绪蔓延,预期过度悲观,压抑汽车消费欲望。 然而,如何判断汽车消费需求是否还具备潜力?首先,我们将购车人群分为首次购 车及再次购车(包括臵换再购、新增再购及注销再购)两大类,其中首次购车主要集中 在 25-35 岁,可选性稍弱,首次消费需求与人口结构紧密相关;而再次购车的可选性更 强,包括满 10-15 年车龄报废、消费升级等多种购车情景。 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)7 我们认为 2022 年国内乘用车销量有望超过 2900 万辆,其中再购需求将成为未来 三年销量主要增长来源。随着汽车保有量提升到一定水平,以及 1985 年后十年平均出 生人数的逐步下行,首购需求已经开始进入下行通道,我们测算得从 2020 年起首次购 车占比开始低于 50%。而注销再购+臵换再购是两大核心驱动力,我们测算每年贡献约 200 万辆增量。 我们认为换购需求对于 15 万元以下的 SUV 销量拉动更为明显。原因在于:老旧汽 车车主预算有限,渴望不一样的体验,易被颜值、电子配臵、SUV 的大空间打动, 10-15 万元具备高颜值及科技感的 SUV 最受青睐,而自主品牌凭借多年经济型 SUV 造车经验 更为受益。 图2 国内排放标准实施时间表 资料来源:财新网,网易财经,环保部,海通证券研究所 图3 2017 年国内汽车保有量结构(按排放标准) 图4 日本:注销再购贡献核心增量(万辆) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 年 1967 1973 1976 1982 1985 1991 2000 2006 2009 2015 1961 1964 1970 1979 1988 1994 1997 2003 2012 汽车销量 注销再购 资料来源:《中国机动车环境管理年报 2018》,海通证券研究所 资料来源:Bloomberg,海通证券研究所 图5 国内汽车销量结构(万辆) 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 臵换再购 新增再购 注销再购 首次购车 资料来源:海通证券研究所测算 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 公司研究〃长城汽车(601633)8 图6 新上市车型与十年前车型相比:外观年轻化、座舱科技感 资料来源:优信二手车,太平洋汽车网,海通证券研究所 1.3 底部已现,上行周期即将开启 汽车消费仍有需求,但何时开启上行周期,仍然受消费者对宏观经济形势的认知及 政策引导等因素共同作用。我们认为,2018 年宏观经济的下行主要体现在增幅的下行, 而非存量下行。居民可支配收入仍然呈增长态势,消费者仍然具备一定的消费能力。而 中美贸易未继续明显恶化、股市及楼市开始上行等种种迹象表明,宏观经济形势好于预 期,抑制的消费需求开始释放。 另一方面,促进消费 6 大举措精准针对再购市场,尤其注销再购,需求大且持续周 期长。发改委等十部委于 2019 年 1 月 29 日联合印发《进一步优化供给推动消费平稳增 长 促进形成强大国内市场的实施方案 (2019 年)》,其中针对促进汽车消费提出六大举 措,将对老旧汽车报废更新及农村汽车更新换代给予适当补贴。 低基数+刺激政策共同构筑行业清晰底部。此前受宏观增速预期下行消费需求被抑 制,行业回落至低基数,而促进消费政策的发布、宏观形势逐步企稳有望带来周期性上 扬,我们预计 2019 年乘用车销量有望同比增长超过
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