Country Profile COMOROS Abc Region: Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 EPI Country Rank (out of 180) GDP [PPP 2011$ billions] 2.2

148 GDP per capita [$] 2,585

2020 EPI Score [0=worst, 100=best] Population [millions] 0.8

32.1 Urbanization [%] 29.38

Country Scorecard

Issue Categories Rank [/180]

Environmental Health 131 27.3

Air Quality 92 37.7

Sanitation & Drinking Water 151 15.2

Heavy Metals 94 47.1

Waste Management 133 0.0

Ecosystem Vitality 147 35.3

Biodiversity & Habitat 145 36.3

Ecosystem Services 84 35.7

Fisheries 25 18.6

Climate Change 114 41.7

Pollution Emissions 126 44.5

Agriculture 96 37.3

Water Resources 129 0.1

Regional Average World Average epi.yale.edu Page 1 of 3 Country Profile COMOROS Abc Region: Sub-Saharan Africa 10-Year Regional Regional Rank EPI Score Change Rank Average Environmental Performance Index 148 32.1 -1.2 23 33.2

Environmental Health 131 27.3 +0.9 10 22.7 Air Quality 92 37.7 -1.8 6 28.0 Household solid fuels 147 11.5 +2.7 22 16.1

PM 2.5 exposure 43 54.7 -2.7 6 35.9 Ozone exposure 39 60.1 -27.3 3 36.4 Sanitation & Drinking Water 151 15.2 +3.9 19 15.9 Unsafe sanitation 151 15 +3.9 19 16.7 Unsafe drinking water 150 15.3 +3.8 19 15.4 Heavy Metals / Lead exposure 94 47.1 +4.6 11 41.4 Waste Management / Controlled solid waste 133 0 –- 21 5.7

Ecosystem Vitality 147 35.3 -2.7 32 40.2 Biodiversity & Habitat 145 36.3 +0.4 37 58.6 Terrestrial biomes (nat'l) 110 60 –- 29 69.0 Terrestrial biomes (global) 112 60 –- 32 71.3 Marine protected areas 111 0.2 –- 18 14.5 Protected Areas Representativeness Index 134 14.1 +2.5 38 30.4 Species Habitat Index 0 0 –- 43 84.3 Species Protection Index 0 0 –- 43 75.7 Biodiversity Habitat Index 174 35.6 –- 44 55.6 Ecosystem Services 84 35.7 -27.7 18 40.8 Tree cover loss 86 32.1 -29.3 17 36.7 Grassland loss 1 100 –- 1 55.2 Wetland loss 0 0 –- 45 63.0 Fisheries 25 18.6 -9.0 3 12.3 Fish Stock Status 12 23.8 -18.0 3 13.7 Marine Trophic Index 72 13.4 –- 10 13.3 Fish caught by trawling 0 0 –- 15 5.9 Climate Change 114 41.7 +3.9 15 37.8

CO2 growth rate 111 35.3 +6.4 12 24.8

CH4 growth rate 169 25 -16.2 41 54.5 F-gas growth rate 74 89.5 +44.7 8 89.8

N2 O growth rate 88 59.8 -23.6 20 53.0 Black Carbon growth rate 90 53.5 -11.8 10 42.4

CO2 from land cover 159 0 –- 38 37.3 Greenhouse gas intensity growth rate 148 28.8 +2.5 39 54.2 Greenhouse gas emissions per capita 1 100 –- 1 75.6 Pollution Emissions 126 44.5 -14.5 26 46.1

SO 2 growth rate 131 47.4 -21.7 28 50.2

NO X growth rate 118 41.6 -7.4 26 42.0 Agriculture / Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index 96 37.3 +1.0 20 32.9 Water Resources / Wastewater treatment 129 0.1 –- 20 1.5 Note: three largest increases in green and three largest decreases in red. "–" indicates no change. epi.yale.edu Page 2 of 3 Country Profile COMOROS

Peer Comparisons: EPI Scores for this country and peers based on similarAbc characteristics

EPI Performance GDP per capita Issue Performance

Pakistan 33.1 Zimbabwe 37.0 Kenya 34.7

Micronesia 33.0 Nepal 32.7 Eswatini 33.8

Cabo Verde 32.8 Comoros 32.1 Rwanda 33.8

Nepal 32.7 Tanzania 31.1 Papua New Guinea 32.4

Papua New Guinea 32.4 Eritrea 30.4 Comoros 32.1

Mongolia 32.2 Benin 30.0 Guatemala 31.8

Comoros 32.1 Vanuatu 28.9 Togo 29.5

Guatemala 31.8 Lesotho 28.0 Gambia 27.9

Tanzania 31.1 Gambia 27.9 India 27.6

Nigeria 31.0 Guinea 26.4 Madagascar 26.5

Regulatory Quality Voice & Accountability Political Stability

Uzbekistan 44.3 Lebanon 45.4 North Macedonia 55.4

Iraq 39.5 Kyrgyzstan 39.8 Gabon 45.8

Tajikistan 38.2 Honduras 37.8 Bolivia 44.3

Comoros 32.1 Kenya 34.7 Peru 44.0

Marshall Islands 30.8 Zambia 34.7 Sri Lanka 39.0

Angola 29.7 Mozambique 33.9 China 37.3

Guinea-Bissau 29.1 Comoros 32.1 Guyana 35.9

Haiti 27.0 Guatemala 31.8 Comoros 32.1

Chad 26.7 Tanzania 31.1 Lesotho 28.0

Afghanistan 25.5 Nigeria 31.0 Liberia 22.6

Sub-Saharan Africa Small Island Developing States Ease of Doing Business Index

Rwanda 33.8 Maldives 35.6 Suriname 45.2

Cameroon 33.6 Timor-Leste 35.3 Kiribati 37.7

Cabo Verde 32.8 Fiji 34.4 Sudan 34.8

Comoros 32.1 Micronesia 33.0 Ethiopia 34.4

Tanzania 31.1 Cabo Verde 32.8 Cameroon 33.6

Nigeria 31.0 Papua New Guinea 32.4 Comoros 32.1

Republic of Congo 30.8 Comoros 32.1 Gambia 27.9

Niger 30.8 Marshall Islands 30.8 Burundi 27.0

Senegal 30.7 Guinea-Bissau 29.1 Madagascar 26.5

Eritrea 30.4 Vanuatu 28.9 Sierra Leone 25.7

Note: ‘Issue Performance’ based on k-nearest neighbors analysis of EPI issue categories. Sources: GDP per capita, Worldwide Governance Indicators, and Ease of Doing Business Index from World Bank DataBank. Urbanization rate from UN, Dept. of Economic and Social Afairs, Population Division. epi.yale.edu Page 3 of 3