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Heilsarmee Internet eLexikon Bewährtes Wissen in aktueller Form Heilsarmee Internet: https://peter-hug.ch/lexikon/heilsarmee/18_0423 MainSeite 18.423 Jahres-Supplement 1890-1891 Heilsarmee 2 Seiten, 861 Wörter, 6'109 Zeichen Heilsarmee (Salvation Army). Diese vom »General« Booth (s. unten) 1878 gegründete religiöse Sekte zählte 1890: 2937 Korps oder Stationen in 32 Ländern mehr und Kolonien, mit 9896 Offizieren, die ihre bestimmte Rangordnung haben und besondere Abzeichen an den Uniformen tragen, und 15,000 unbezahlten Unteroffizieren. Über die Zahl der Mitglieder liegen Angaben nicht vor, sie werden in allen Erdteilen auf weit über 2 Mill. geschätzt. Zweck der Armee ist, den Teufel zu bekämpfen. Dem Teufel entrissene Seelen heißen Gefangene. Wenn ein Gefangener Zeugnis ablegte, dann wird er als Rekrut angenommen. Nach weitern 4 Wochen wird er der Armee als Gemeiner eingereiht und hat die 16 Kriegsartikel zu unterzeichnen, in welchen er verspricht, sich geistiger Getränke zu enthalten, nicht zu fluchen, ein redliches Leben zu führen, Frauen und Kinder mit Milde zu behandeln und dem General sowie den von ihm eingesetzten Vorgesetzten unbedingt zu gehorchen. Der General ernennt seinen Nachfolger und regiert autokratisch. Die Jahreseinnahmen der Armee sollen sich auf 750,000 Pfd. Sterl. belaufen, ihr liegendes Eigentum hat einen Wert von 650,000 Pfd. Sterl. Außer zahlreichen Kasernen (barracks, d. h. Versammlungshallen) unterhält die Armee Zufluchtstätten für Obdachlose, Volksküchen u. dgl. Sie verbreitet auch Zeitungen (»The War Cry«, »The little Soldier« und »The Auxiliary«). In Deutschland ist die Heilsarmee vertreten durch drei Regimenter in Berlin, eine pommersche Division (mit Regimentern in Stettin, Grabow, Stargard), eine rheinische Division (Regimenter in Barmen, Elberfeld, Düsseldorf), die württembergische Division mit fünf Regimentern; außerdem Regimenter in Hamburg, Kiel, Worms, Karlsruhe und Mannheim, die keinem Divisionsverband angehören. Höchstkommandierender der Armee in Berlin und Deutschland überhaupt ist Kommissar Railton. William Booth, geb. 1829 zu Nottingham, erhielt seine erste religiöse Erziehung in der englischen Staatskirche, wendete sich aber schon mit 14 Jahren zu den Methodisten und begann bald darauf in Gemeinschaft mit einigen andern jungen Leuten in den ärmern Gegenden der Stadt religiöse Versammlungen zu halten und voll Begeisterung, oft beim schlechtesten Wetter, im Freien zu predigen. Bereits 1846 wurde er als Laienprediger angestellt, aber erst mit 24 Jahren trat er in den offiziellen Kirchendienst und verwaltete das Amt eines Pastors der Neuen Methodisten-Vereinigung in London. Seine Predigten sanden so großen Beifall, daß er von der Methodistenkonferenz vielfach als Evangelist in besonderm Missionsdienst ausgesendet wurde und als solcher namentlich in den großen englischen Handels- und Industrieplätzen ungewöhnliche Erfolge erzielte. Später wirkte er als fest angestellter Prediger ein Jahr in Halifax und drei Jahre in Gateshead in Derbyshire, wo er sich mit Katharina Mumford verheiratete, die gleichfalls als Predigerin auftrat, wodurch Booth aber mit der Methodistenkonferenz in Konflikt geriet. Er betrieb nun seit 1862 seine Wanderpredigten auf eigne Hand und kam 1865 auch nach London, wo er in den verrufensten Stadtvierteln auf Straßen und Plätzen sein Zelt aufschlug und, wie auch in andern größern Städten, neben erbittertem Widerspruch Beifall und Unterstützung fand und endlich 1878 die Heilsarmee organisierte. Sein ältester Sohn, Bramwell Booth, wurde Chef des Generalsstabes; der zweite Sohn, Ballington Booth, welcher den Oberbefehl in Manchester erhielt, beschäftigte sich mit der Ausbildung der begabtesten Anhänger zu Offizieren. Auch seine Töchter widmeten sich mit gleichem Eifer der Ausbreitung der Armee. Die älteste derselben, die Marschallin Kate Booth, hat Frankreich und die Schweiz als Arbeitsfeld, die zweite ist mit ihrem Mann in Indien thätig. Im J. 1890 trat der General mit einem Buche (»In darkest England«) an die Öffentlichkeit, in welchem er seine Ansichten darlegte, wie dem sozialen Übel und der Armut zu steuern sei. Seine Vorschläge gehen dahin, in den Städten Werkstätten, auf dem Lande Arbeiterkolonien zu gründen und die Auswanderung zu regeln, also alles bekannte Dinge. Sein Buch erregte großes Aufsehen und war rasch in ca. 120,000 Exemplaren verbreitet, auch wurden ihm die 100,000 Pfd. Sterl., welche er verlangte, um einen Versuch zu machen, binnen kurzer Zeit von mildthätigen Leuten zur Verfügung gestellt. Gleichzeitig aber wurden seine ziemlich leichtfertig entworfenen Pläne einer scharfen Kritik unterworfen und sogar in Abrede gestellt, daß die Armee für religiöse Erweckung und sozialen Fortschritt Dauerndes oder Ersprießliches geleistet habe. Ende Heilsarmee Quelle: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 1888; Autorenkollektiv, Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig und Wien, Vierte Auflage, 1885-1892;18. Band: Jahres-Supplement 1890-1891, Seite 407 [Suche = 18.423] im Internet seit 2005; Text geprüft am 6.4.2009; publiziert von Peter Hug; Abruf am 27.9.2021 mit URL: Weiter: https://peter-hug.ch/18_0424?Typ=PDF Ende eLexikon. Seite 1 / 1.
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