Variable Number = 1 Variable Name: ID97 Basic Information Question

Variable Number = 1

Variable Name: ID97

Basic Information Variable Label: 1997 Interview Number Type: Numeric Width: 4 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 1 - 4 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text 1997 Interview Number

Explanation Text The range of values for this variable is 1 to 6353. (The IDs do not consist of a string starting at 1 and incrementing by 1 because of the use of ranges for different cases and the invalidation of some cases.)

Frequencies Code Text Count % 1 - 6353 Actual Value 6307 100.00

Variable Number = 2

Variable Name: FIPS_STN

Basic Information Variable Label: FIPS State Numeric Code Type: Numeric Width: 2 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 5 - 6 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text FIPS State Numeric Code

Explanation Text Please see Appendix 1 for a list of state code descriptions.

Frequencies Code Text Count % 0 INAP; 35 0.55 1 - 56 Actual Value 6272 99.45

Variable Number = 3

Variable Name: PSID_STN

Basic Information Variable Label: PSID State Code Type: Numeric Width: 2 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 7 - 8 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text PSID State Code

Explanation Text Please see Appendix 1 for a list of state code descriptions.

Frequencies Code Text Count % 0 INAP; 35 0.55 1 - 51 Actual Value 6272 99.45

Variable Number = 4

Variable Name: FAMINC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Total Family Income 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 9 - 14 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Total Family Money Income in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996. Please note, this variable can contain negative values. The negative values indicate a net loss, which in waves prior to 1994 were bottom-coded at $1. These losses occur as a result of business or farm losses.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1996.

This variable is the sum of the five 1996 variables below: Taxable Income of Head and Wife, Transfer Income of Head and Wife, Taxable Income of Other Family Unit Members (OFUMs), Transfer Income of OFUMs, and Social Security Income.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $-5,600 $-5,600 Maximum $811,324 $811,324 Mean $46,933 $48,811 Standard Deviation $50,297 $52,680 99th Percentile $214,506 $245,008 95th Percentile $122,202 $126,003 90th Percentile $93,453 $96,611 75th Percentile $60,500 $62,001 Median $35,037 $35,845 25th Percentile $17,901 $19,233 10th Percentile $8,137 $9,336 5th Percentile $5,099 $6,000 1st Percentile $199 $300

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% -5600 - -1 Actual Amount: Loss 5 0.08 0.09 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 40 0.63 0.63 1 - 811324 Actual Amount: Gain 6262 99.29 99.28

Variable Number = 5

Variable Name: TXHW97

Basic Information Variable Label: Taxable Income Head and Wife 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 15 - 20 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Head's and Wife's/"Wife's" Total Taxable Income in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996. This variable can contain negative values, indicating a net loss from a business or farm.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

This variable includes Head's and Wife's/"Wife's" income from assets, earnings, and net profit from farm or business.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $-15,000 $-15,000 Maximum $811,324 $811,324 Mean $38,896 $39,388 Standard Deviation $49,362 $51,633 99th Percentile $197,538 $214,005 95th Percentile $109,604 $112,201 90th Percentile $85,003 $86,501 75th Percentile $53,999 $54,001 Median $27,068 $27,000 25th Percentile $8,351 $7,999 10th Percentile $0 $1 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% -15000 - -1 Actual Amount: Loss 18 0.29 0.32 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 682 10.81 9.62 1 - 811324 Actual Amount: Gain 5607 88.90 90.06 Variable Number = 6

Variable Name: TRHW97

Basic Information Variable Label: Transfer Income of the Head and Wife 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 21 - 26 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Head's and Wife's/"Wife's" Total Transfer Income in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996. The components of transfer income are very diverse. This has made it difficult to carefully evaluate outliers without a case by case review of the interview and interviewer thumbnail comments--plus information on the family from prior years. Analysts are urged to exclude or otherwise allow for cases in which the value is above the top 99 percentile point.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

This variable excludes Head's and Wife's/"Wife's" Social Security Income.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $300,005 $300,005 Mean $3,300 $4,064 Standard Deviation $10,879 $12,859 99th Percentile $42,897 $48,002 95th Percentile $15,501 $20,001 90th Percentile $8,625 $11,200 75th Percentile $2,500 $3,000 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 3701 58.68 58.37 1 - 300005 Actual Amount: Gain 2606 41.32 41.63

Variable Number = 7 Variable Name: TXOFM97

Basic Information Variable Label: Taxable Income Other Family Unit Members Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 27 - 32 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Other Family Unit Members' Total Taxable Income in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996. This variable can contain negative values, indicating a net loss from a business.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

This variable includes all OFUMs' income from assets and earnings.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $175,000 $175,000 Mean $2,348 $2,247 Standard Deviation $7,990 $7,840 99th Percentile $38,000 $38,000 95th Percentile $15,000 $16,000 90th Percentile $6,000 $5,200 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 4808 76.23 78.98 1 - 175000 Actual Amount: Gain 1499 23.77 21.02

Variable Number = 8

Variable Name: TROFM97

Basic Information Variable Label: Transfer Income Other Family Unit Member Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 33 - 37 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Other Family Unit Members' Total Transfer Income in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

This variable excludes all OFUMs' Social Security Income.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $60,000 $60,000 Mean $272 $205 Standard Deviation $1,856 $1,682 99th Percentile $6,564 $5,808 95th Percentile $872 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 5920 93.86 95.25 1 - 60000 Actual Amount: Gain 387 6.14 4.75

Variable Number = 9

Variable Name: SSEC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Social Security Income 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 38 - 43 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Family Social Security Income in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars. The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

This variable includes Social Security income for Heads, Wives/"Wives", and OFUMs.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $121,180 $121,180 Mean $2,117 $2,906 Standard Deviation $5,113 $5,901 99th Percentile $20,001 $21,601 95th Percentile $13,656 $15,300 90th Percentile $9,600 $12,000 75th Percentile $0 $3,504 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 5003 79.32 72.97 1 - 121180 Actual Amount: Gain 1304 20.68 27.03

Variable Number = 10

Variable Name: FRMINC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Farm Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 44 - 49 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Head's Income from Farming in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $-13,000 $-13,000 Maximum $74,263 $74,263 Mean $182 $216 Standard Deviation $2,790 $3,050 99th Percentile $0 $0 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% -13000 - -1 Actual Amount: Loss 2 0.03 0.06 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6262 99.29 99.10 1 - 74263 Actual Amount: Gain 43 0.68 0.83

Variable Number = 11

Variable Name: ACCFRM97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Farm Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 50 - 54 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Farm Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6287 99.68 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 5 0.08 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 2 0.03 respondents in the current year of the PSID. xyrid Imputed value using the same variables reported by the 13 0.21 same respondents from other years of the PSID.

Variable Number = 12

Variable Name: BUSINC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Business Income 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 55 - 60 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Head's and Wife's/"Wife's" Income from Unincorporated Businesses in 1996

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $-51,501 $-51,501 Maximum $450,014 $450,014 Mean $1,607 $1,800 Standard Deviation $13,449 $14,251 99th Percentile $50,001 $53,002 95th Percentile $2,200 $3,999 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $-1,500 $-2,500

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% -51501 - -1 Actual Amount: Loss 99 1.57 1.80 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 5839 92.58 91.81 1 - 450014 Actual Amount: Gain 369 5.85 6.39

Variable Number = 13

Variable Name: ACCBUS97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Business Income 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 61 - 65 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's and Wife's/"Wife's" Business Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6251 99.11 data value. htdck Hot deck method (only for business income section). 54 0.86 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 2 0.03 respondents in the current year of the PSID.

Variable Number = 14

Variable Name: HDBUSY97

Basic Information Variable Label: Labor Part of Business Income Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 66 - 71 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text HEAD's Labor Part of Business Income from Uncorporated Businesses.

Explanation Text The income reported here is labor part of business income for the HEAD in 1996. Total business income of the HEAD is equally split between labor and asset income when the HEAD put some works for uncorporated businesses.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The discriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $225,006 $225,006 Mean $669 $775 Standard Deviation $5,849 $6,389 99th Percentile $18,565 $22,500 95th Percentile $0 $750 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6011 95.31 94.58 1 - 225006 Actual Amount: Gain 296 4.69 5.42

Variable Number = 15

Variable Name: HDBUSK97 Basic Information Variable Label: Asset Part of Business Income Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 72 - 77 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text HEAD's Assets Part of Business Income from Uncorporated Businesses.

Explanation Text The income reorted here is asset part of the business income for the HEAD in 1996. Total business income of the HEAD is equal to the HEAD's asset business income if the HEAD did not work at all for uncorporated businesses.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The discriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $-51,501 $-51,501 Maximum $225,006 $225,006 Mean $641 $750 Standard Deviation $6,235 $6,971 99th Percentile $20,000 $24,501 95th Percentile $0 $999 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $-999 $-1,750

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% -51501 - -1 Actual Amount: Loss 81 1.28 1.50 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 5920 93.86 92.87 1 - 225006 Actual Amount: Gain 306 4.85 5.64

Variable Number = 16

Variable Name: WFBUSY97

Basic Information Variable Label: Labor Part of Business Income Wife 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 78 - 82 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Wife's/"Wife's" Labor Part of Business Income from Uncorporated Businesses. Explanation Text The income reported here is labor part of the business income for the Wife/"Wife" in 1996. Total business income for the Wife/"Wife" is equally split between labor and asset income when the Wife/"Wife" put some works for uncorporated businesses.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $85,002 $85,002 Mean $145 $131 Standard Deviation $2,151 $1,859 99th Percentile $2,400 $2,452 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6202 98.34 98.32 1 - 85002 Actual Amount: Gain 105 1.66 1.68

Variable Number = 17

Variable Name: WFBUSK97

Basic Information Variable Label: Asset Part of Business Income Wife 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 83 - 88 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Wife's/"Wife's" Assets Part of Business Income from Uncorporated Business.

Explanation Text The income reported here is asset part of the business income for the Wife/"Wife" in 1996. Total business income of the Wife/"Wife" is equal to her asset business income if she did not work at all for uncorporated businesses.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997. Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $-23,000 $-23,000 Maximum $85,002 $85,002 Mean $153 $145 Standard Deviation $2,353 $2,133 99th Percentile $2,999 $2,999 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% -23000 - -1 Actual Amount: Loss 34 0.54 0.54 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6160 97.67 97.65 1 - 85002 Actual Amount: Gain 113 1.79 1.81

Variable Number = 18

Variable Name: BUSNUM97

Basic Information Variable Label: Number of Business of the Family 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 1 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 89 - 89 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Number of Unincorporated Businesses Owned by HEAD or Wife/"Wife".

Explanation Text This is the number of business owned by either the HEAD, Wife/"Wife" or both.

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; 5691 90.23 89.39 1 - 5 Actual Number 616 9.77 10.61

Variable Number = 19

Variable Name: HDBNUM97

Basic Information Variable Label: Number of Business of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 1 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 90 - 90 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Number of Unincorporated Businesses Owned by HEAD.

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; 5799 91.95 90.79 1 - 5 Actual Number 508 8.05 9.21

Variable Number = 20

Variable Name: WFBNUM97

Basic Information Variable Label: Number of Business of the Wife 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 1 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 91 - 91 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Number of Unincorporated Businesses Owned by Wife/"Wife".

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; 6109 96.86 96.92 1 - 4 Actual Number 198 3.14 3.08

Variable Number = 21

Variable Name: HDEARN97

Basic Information Variable Label: Labor Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 92 - 97 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Head's Labor Income in 1996, Excluding Farm and Unincorporated Business

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996. It is the sum of several labor income components from the raw data, including not only wages and salaries, but also any separate reports of bonuses, overtime, tips, commissions, professional practice or trade, market gardening, and miscellaneous labor income.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $700,021 $700,021 Mean $25,764 $26,142 Standard Deviation $35,913 $38,384 99th Percentile $140,541 $150,004 95th Percentile $75,602 $80,002 90th Percentile $57,961 $60,001 75th Percentile $35,600 $36,300 Median $20,000 $19,800 25th Percentile $150 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 1541 24.43 28.52 1 - 700021 Actual Amount: Gain 4766 75.57 71.48

Variable Number = 22

Variable Name: HDWG97

Basic Information Variable Label: Wages and Salaries of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 98 - 103 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G16. How much did (HEAD) earn altogether from wages or salaries in 1996, that is, before anything was deducted for taxes or other things?

Explanation Text The income reported here is wages and salaries of the HEAD for his/her work from corporated businesses in 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descirptive statistics entries below are based the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $700,021 $700,021 Mean $24,947 $25,224 Standard Deviation $33,749 $36,212 99th Percentile $134,004 $140,004 95th Percentile $75,001 $77,002 90th Percentile $56,001 $60,001 75th Percentile $35,001 $36,001 Median $19,701 $19,000 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 1621 25.70 30.17 1 - 700021 Actual Amount: Gain 4686 74.30 69.83

Variable Number = 23

Variable Name: ACCHWG97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Wages and Salaries of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 104 - 108 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Labor Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6040 95.77 data value. hand Hand edit. 17 0.27 medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 95 1.51 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 16 0.25 respondents in the current year of the PSID. xyrid Imputed value using the same variables reported by the 139 2.20 same respondents from other years of the PSID.

Variable Number = 24

Variable Name: BNUS97

Basic Information Variable Label: Bonus Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 109 - 114 Missing Data Code: None Question Text G17a. How much was from bonuses?

Explanation Text The income reported here is the HEAD's bonus income in 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $470,013 $470,013 Mean $406 $447 Standard Deviation $8,295 $8,579 99th Percentile $5,500 $6,000 95th Percentile $299 $299 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 5898 93.52 93.80 1 - 470013 Actual Amount: Gain 409 6.48 6.20

Variable Number = 25

Variable Name: ACCBNS97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Bonus Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 4 Decimals: NA Data Location: 115 - 118 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Bonus Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6280 99.57 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 27 0.43 Variable Number = 26

Variable Name: OVTM97

Basic Information Variable Label: Overtime Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 119 - 123 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G17b. How much was from overtime?

Explanation Text The income reported here is the HEAD's overtime income in 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $22,000 $20,000 Mean $69 $61 Standard Deviation $718 $654 99th Percentile $1,599 $1,500 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6142 97.38 97.77 1 - 22000 Actual Amount: Gain 165 2.62 2.23

Variable Number = 27

Variable Name: ACCOTM97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Overtime Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 124 - 128 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Overtime Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6277 99.52 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 23 0.36 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 7 0.11 respondents in the current year of the PSID.

Variable Number = 28

Variable Name: TIPS97

Basic Information Variable Label: Tips for the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 129 - 133 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G17c. How much was from tips?

Explanation Text The income reported here is the HEAD's tips in 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $46,766 $46,766 Mean $26 $34 Standard Deviation $810 $904 99th Percentile $0 $0 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6267 99.37 99.39 1 - 46766 Actual Amount: Gain 40 0.63 0.61 Variable Number = 29

Variable Name: ACCTIP97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Tips for the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 134 - 138 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Tips

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6303 99.94 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 3 0.05 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 1 0.02 respondents in the current year of the PSID.

Variable Number = 30

Variable Name: COMS97

Basic Information Variable Label: Commission Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 139 - 144 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G17d. How much was from commission?

Explanation Text The income reported here is commissions that the HEAD received in 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $110,002 $110,002 Mean $126 $147 Standard Deviation $2,520 $2,778 99th Percentile $0 $0 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6266 99.35 99.28 1 - 110002 Actual Amount: Gain 41 0.65 0.72

Variable Number = 31

Variable Name: ACCCOM97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Commission Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 4 Decimals: NA Data Location: 145 - 148 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Commission Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6301 99.90 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 6 0.10

Variable Number = 32

Variable Name: PROF97

Basic Information Variable Label: Professional Practice the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 149 - 154 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G18a. Did (HEAD) receive any other income in 1996 from professional practice or trade?

Explanation Text The income reported here is the HEADS's income from professional practices and trades in 1996. Professional practices and trades, for example, includes services of self-employed doctors, lawyers, CPA, self-employed trademen and etc. Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $110,002 $110,002 Mean $65 $88 Standard Deviation $1,774 $2,128 99th Percentile $0 $0 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6259 99.24 99.24 1 - 110002 Actual Amount: Gain 48 0.76 0.76

Variable Number = 33

Variable Name: ACCPRF97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Professional Practice the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 155 - 159 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Professional Practices and Trades Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6304 99.95 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 2 0.03 xyrid Imputed value using the same variables reported by the 1 0.02 same respondents from other years of the PSID.

Variable Number = 34 Variable Name: MKTG97

Basic Information Variable Label: Market Gardening Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 160 - 164 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G18b. Did you (HEAD) receive any other income in 1996 from farming or market gardening?

Explanation Text The income reported here is the HEAD's income from market gardening in 1996. The market gardening income is different from farm income (FRMINC) as the HEAD's current primary occupation is not farming.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $80,002 $80,002 Mean $50 $58 Standard Deviation $1,371 $1,293 99th Percentile $0 $1 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6263 99.30 98.98 1 - 80002 Actual Amount: Gain 44 0.70 1.02

Variable Number = 35

Variable Name: ACCMKG97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Market Gardening Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 4 Decimals: NA Data Location: 165 - 168 Missing Data Code: None Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Market Gardening Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6304 99.95 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 3 0.05

Variable Number = 36

Variable Name: XTRA97

Basic Information Variable Label: Extra Job Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 169 - 173 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text G27 . How much did you (HEAD) earn from extra job(s) in 1996?

Explanation Text The income reported here is amount that the HEAD received from extra jobs in 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $50,001 $50,001 Mean $54 $59 Standard Deviation $909 $1,055 99th Percentile $400 $199 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6225 98.70 98.87 1 - 50001 Actual Amount: Gain 82 1.30 1.13 Variable Number = 37

Variable Name: ACCXTR97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Extra Job Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 174 - 178 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's Extra Job Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6299 99.87 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 2 0.03 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 6 0.10 respondents in the current year of the PSID.

Variable Number = 38

Variable Name: OTHINC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Unknow Job Income of the Head 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 179 - 183 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Labor income of the HEAD from sources other than listed above.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $36,001 $36,001 Mean $20 $24 Standard Deviation $636 $748 99th Percentile $0 $0 95th Percentile $0 $0 90th Percentile $0 $0 75th Percentile $0 $0 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0 Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 6280 99.57 99.50 1 - 36001 Actual Amount: Gain 27 0.43 0.50

Variable Number = 39

Variable Name: ACCOTH97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Unknow Job Income of the Head 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 184 - 188 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for HEAD's unknown Job Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6301 99.90 data value. asgnd Assigned values using assignment tables based on current 6 0.10 year sample.

Variable Number = 40

Variable Name: WFEARN97

Basic Information Variable Label: Labor Income of the Wife 1996 Type: Numeric Width: 6 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 189 - 194 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Wife's/"Wife's" Labor Income in 1996, Excluding Farm and Unincorporated Business

Explanation Text The income reported here was collected in 1997 about tax year 1996.

Dollar amounts are based on values for the year in which they are reported. Thus, dollar amounts reported in 1997 for the prior year are in 1996 dollars.

The descriptive statistics entries below are based on the family weights for 1997.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted Weighted N 6307 5367 Minimum $0 $0 Maximum $349,831 $349,831 Mean $9,093 $8,167 Standard Deviation $17,081 $16,784 99th Percentile $65,002 $66,312 95th Percentile $39,000 $38,000 90th Percentile $30,001 $28,000 75th Percentile $15,000 $12,000 Median $0 $0 25th Percentile $0 $0 10th Percentile $0 $0 5th Percentile $0 $0 1st Percentile $0 $0

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% 0 INAP; No Loss or Gain 3686 58.44 63.73 1 - 349831 Actual Amount: Gain 2621 41.56 36.27

Variable Number = 41

Variable Name: ACCWEN97

Basic Information Variable Label: ACC Wage Income of the Wife 1996 Type: Character Width: 5 Decimals: NA Data Location: 195 - 199 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Accuracy Code for Wife's/"Wife's" Labor Income

Frequencies Code Text Count % The corresponding variable may have a real or missing 6175 97.91 data value. medn Assigned median value from the current year sample. 119 1.89 xscid Imputed value using other variables of the same 13 0.21 respondents in the current year of the PSID.

Variable Number = 42

Variable Name: HDOCC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Main Occupation of Head 1997 Type: Numeric Width: 3 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 200 - 202 Missing Data Code: 999 Question Text B9. What is your (HEAD'S) main occupation? What sort of work do you do? B9a. What are your most important activities or duties? C9. What was your occupation on your last job? What sort of work did you do? C10. What were your most important activities or duties?

Explanation Text The 3-digit occupation code from 1970 Census of Population; Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupation issued June 1971 by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Bureau of the Census was used for this variable. Please refer to Appendix V2, Wave XIV (1981) documentation, for complete listings.

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% . Missing data (see Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files, section 1 0.02 24.02 II Data, for details) 0 Inap.: hasn't worked since January 1, last year 1260 19.98 15.96 1 - 195 Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers 902 14.30 13.07 201 - 245 Managers and Administrators, Except Farm 764 12.11 5.07 260 - 285 Sales Workers 297 4.71 8.42 301 - 395 Clerical and Kindred Workers 559 8.86 11.52 401 - 600 Craftsmen and Kindred Workers 804 12.75 5.66 601 - 695 Operatives, Except Transport 457 7.25 3.57 701 - 715 Transport Equipment Operatives 281 4.46 3.30 740 - 785 Laborers, Except Farm 259 4.11 0.96 801 - 802 Farmers and Farm Managers 50 0.79 0.34 821 - 824 Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen 25 0.40 7.69 901 - 965 Service Workers, Except Private Household 605 9.59 0.30 980 - 984 Private Household Workers 24 0.38 0.13 999 NA; DK 19 0.30

Variable Number = 43

Variable Name: HDIND97

Basic Information Variable Label: Main Industry of Head 1997 Type: Numeric Width: 3 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 203 - 205 Missing Data Code: 999

Question Text B10. What kind of business or industry is that in? C11. What kind of business or industry was that in?

Explanation Text The 3-digit industry code from 1970 Census of Population; Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations issued June 1971 by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Bureau of the Census was used for this variable. Please refer to Appendix V2, Wave XIV (1981) documentation, for complete listings.

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% . Missing data (see Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files, section 1 0.02 24.06 II Data, for details) 0 Inap.: hasn't worked since January 1, last year 1263 20.03 2.21 17 - 28 Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 137 2.17 0.37 47 - 57 Mining 21 0.33 6.93 67 - 77 Construction 445 7.06 13.74 107 - 398 Manufacturing 969 15.36 6.04 407 - 479 Transportation, Communications, and Other Public 430 6.82 12.19 Utilities 507 - 698 Wholesale and Retail Trade 829 13.14 3.80 707 - 718 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 244 3.87 4.93 727 - 759 Business and Repair Services 328 5.20 2.06 769 - 798 Personal Services 160 2.54 1.43 807 - 809 Entertainment and Recreation Services 75 1.19 15.29 828 - 897 Professional and Related Services 927 14.70 6.35 907 - 937 Public Administration 429 6.80 0.57 999 NA; DK 49 0.78

Variable Number = 44

Variable Name: WFOCC97

Basic Information Variable Label: Main Occupation of Wife 1997 Type: Numeric Width: 3 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 206 - 208 Missing Data Code: 999

Question Text D9. What is your (wife's/"WIFE's") main occupation? What sort of work does she do? D9a. What are her most important activities or duties? E9. What was your (wife's/"WIFE's") occupation on her last job? What sort of work did she do? E10. What were her most important activities or duties?

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% . Missing data (see Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files, section 1 0.02 62.95 II Data, for details) 0 Inap.: no wife/'wife'; hasn't worked since January 1, last 3621 57.41 9.90 year 1 - 195 Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers 663 10.51 4.84 201 - 245 Managers and Administrators, Except Farm 318 5.04 2.52 260 - 285 Sales Workers 170 2.70 10.65 301 - 395 Clerical and Kindred Workers 770 12.21 0.93 401 - 600 Craftsmen and Kindred Workers 65 1.03 1.86 601 - 695 Operatives, Except Transport 162 2.57 0.32 701 - 715 Transport Equipment Operatives 28 0.44 0.59 740 - 785 Laborers, Except Farm 39 0.62 0.06 801 - 802 Farmers and Farm Managers 4 0.06 0.03 821 - 824 Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen 3 0.05 4.94 901 - 965 Service Workers, Except Private Household 427 6.77 0.30 980 - 984 Private Household Workers 25 0.40 0.10 999 NA; DK 11 0.17

Variable Number = 45

Variable Name: WFIND97

Basic Information Variable Label: Main Industry of Wife 1997 Type: Numeric Width: 3 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 209 - 211 Missing Data Code: 999

Question Text D10. What kind of business or industry is that in? E11. What kind of business or industry was that in?

Frequencies Code Text Count % Wt% . Missing data (see Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files, section 1 0.02 62.95 II Data, for details) 0 Inap.: no wife/'wife'; hasn't worked since January 1, last 3621 57.41 0.32 year 17 - 28 Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 22 0.35 0.04 47 - 57 Mining 4 0.06 0.69 67 - 77 Construction 39 0.62 4.19 107 - 398 Manufacturing 303 4.80 1.65 407 - 479 Transportation, Communications, and Other Public 123 1.95 6.24 Utilities 507 - 698 Wholesale and Retail Trade 473 7.50 2.83 707 - 718 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 208 3.30 1.62 727 - 759 Business and Repair Services 118 1.87 1.97 769 - 798 Personal Services 157 2.49 0.31 807 - 809 Entertainment and Recreation Services 25 0.40 14.78 828 - 897 Professional and Related Services 1044 16.55 2.30 907 - 937 Public Administration 156 2.47 0.11 999 NA; DK 13 0.21

Variable Number = 46

Variable Name: USDA97

Basic Information Variable Label: 1996 USDA Annual Needs Standard Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 212 - 216 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Annual Needs Standard for the 1996 (Last Year's) Family-USDA VERSION

Explanation Text This is the Orshansky-type poverty threshold based on an annual food needs standard which is derived from the weekly food costs (see V21787 in the 1992 Family Codebook), converted to an annual amount, and adjusted for economies of scale by USDA rules as follows:

Single person ...... add 20%

Two persons ...... add 10%

Three persons ...... add 5%

Four persons ...... no change

Five persons ...... deduct 5%

Six or more persons ...... deduct 10%

An additional adjustment for diseconomies of small households (in rent, etc.) was made as follows:

7.89 times the food needs for single persons

3.70 times the food needs for two-person units

3.00 times the food needs for all other units

Please refer to the Wave VII (1977) Documentation volume, pp. 39-71, and to the User Guide for further details on the need standard. Note that this variable is not adjusted for inflation, nor is it exactly comparable to the official poverty standard; such changes are left to users. This need standard is adjusted for changes in family composition during 1993 and is not adjusted for farmers.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted N 6306 Minimum $1,648 Maximum $11,653 Mean $3,144 Standard Deviation $1,031

Frequencies Code Text Count % . Missing data (see Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files, section 1 0.02 II Data, for details) 1648 - 11653 Actual USDA Needs 6306 99.98

Variable Number = 47

Variable Name: CENSUS97

Basic Information Variable Label: 1996 CENSUS Annual Needs Standard Type: Numeric Width: 5 Decimals: 0 Data Location: 217 - 221 Missing Data Code: None

Question Text Annual Needs Standards-CENSUS VERSION

Explanation Text This poverty threshold was taken from Table A on p. vii of the U.S. Census' Current Population Reports, Series P-60, Poverty in the United States: 1996. The threshold values are based on family size, the number of persons in the family under age 18, and the age of the householder. This variable has been adjusted for changes in family composition during 1997 so that it matches part-year incomes included in the total family money income (FAMINC97). Please refer to Section I, Part 5 of the 1993 Family Codebook for further details about the generation process. A reproduction of Table A can be found at the Census website at:

www.census.gov:80/hhes/poverty/threshld.html

NOTE: the range given is valid for this wave's calculations only.

Summary Statistics Name Unweighted N 6306 Minimum $7,525 Maximum $31,548 Mean $12,520 Standard Deviation $3,860

Frequencies Code Text Count % . Missing data (see Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files, section 1 0.02 II Data, for details) 7525 - 31548 Actual Census Needs 6306 99.98

Variable Number = 48

Variable Name: FCWT97

Basic Information Variable Label: 1997 Preliminary Core/immigr Family Weig Type: Numeric Width: 7 Decimals: 3 Data Location: 222 - 228 Missing Data Code: None

Frequencies Code Text Count % 0 INAP; or Zero weight 940 14.90 0.001 - 162.863 Actual Weight 5367 85.10

Appendix 1 FIPS and PSID State Codes State Name FIPS Code PSID Code ALABAMA 01 01 ALASKA 02 50 ARIZONA 04 02 ARKANSAS 05 03 CALIFORNIA 06 04 COLORADO 08 05 CONNECTICUT 09 06 DELAWARE 10 07 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 11 08 FLORIDA 12 09 GEORGIA 13 10 HAWAII 15 51 IDAHO 16 11 ILLINOIS 17 12 INDIANA 18 13 IOWA 19 14 KANSAS 20 15 KENTUCKY 21 16 LOUISIANA 22 17 MAINE 23 18 MARYLAND 24 19 MASSACHUSETTS 25 20 MICHIGAN 26 21 MINNESOTA 27 22 MISSISSIPPI 28 23 MISSOURI 29 24 MONTANA 30 25 NEBRASKA 31 26 NEVADA 32 27 NEW HAMPSHIRE 33 28 NEW JERSEY 34 29 NEW MEXICO 35 30 NEW YORK 36 31 NORTH CAROLINA 37 32 NORTH DAKOTA 38 33 OHIO 39 34 OKLAHOMA 40 35 OREGON 41 36 PENNSYLVANIA 42 37 RHODE ISLAND 44 38 SOUTH CAROLINA 45 39 SOUTH DAKOTA 46 40 TENNESSEE 47 41 TEXAS 48 42 UTAH 49 43 VERMONT 50 44 VIRGINIA 51 45 WASHINGTON 53 46 WEST VIRGINIA 54 47 WISCONSIN 55 48 WYOMING 56 49 FED STATE MICRONESIA 64 00 GUAM 66 00 MARSHALL ISLANDS 68 00 NORTHERN MARIANA ISL 69 00 PALAU 70 00 PUERTO RICO 72 00 US MINOR OUTLYING IS 74 00 VIRGIN ISLANDS 78 00 FOREIGN COUNTRY 99 00