1 2∑¨™∞®≥ $´∞ª∞∂µ 23 -# 1# &$ 2010 1("'$+($4, %1 -"$

"∂µª¨µª 2∂¥¨ ≠®™ª∫ . . . 2∂¥¨ ≠®™ª∫... 2 1964 "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞µªπ∂´º™¨´ ™∂πµ¨π∞µÆ ≥®¥∑∫. 2009 - 45 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ∑π∂º´≥¿ ®µµ∂ºµ™¨´ $´∞ª∂π∞®≥ 3 „®´®∑ª∞Ω¨ ≥∞Æت∞µÆ“ ™®∑®©≥¨ ª∂ ¨µ≥∞Æت¨µ ªØ¨ ≠π∂µª ∫∞´¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ™®π‘∫ ¨µΩ∞π∂µ¥¨µª æبµ ªºπµ∞µÆ. ,¨∫∫®Æ¨ ∂≠ 6¨≥™∂¥¨ ©¿ /∞¨ππ¨ &π®Ω¨≥ 4 /π∂Æ𮥠2™Ø¨´º≥¨ &$ 2010 5 1956 "®´∞≥≥®™ $≥´∂π®´∂ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ≠¨®ªºπ¨´ 6-殿 ∑∂æ¨π ∫¨®ª∫ æ∞ªØ ¥¨¥∂π¿. 6¨≥™∂¥¨ ©¿ $ºπ∂-#∞π≤ Ω®µ #∂π∫ª 7 1980 - 24 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ∂≠≠¨π¨´ ¥¨¥∂π¿ ∫¨®ª∫.

.ºπ ≥®ª¨∫ª ®≠≠∞≥∞≠®ª¨: "®´∞≥≥®™ %π∞¨µ´∫ 1979 ® ∫∞¥∑≥¨ "بΩ¿ ,®≥∞©º 2¨´®µ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π¨´ ®µ ∞µª¨π∞∂π µ∂∞∫¨ ∂≠ 66 ´©( ) ®ª ® ∫∑¨¨´ ∂≠ 130 ≤¥/Ø (112 ¥∑Ø) ©¨∞µÆ µ∂ª -∂π殿 8 ¨Ω¨µ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ∫∞≥¨µª ™®π æ∂π≥´æ∞´¨ ≥∞≤¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ®µ´ !º∞™≤ 1∞Ω∞¨π®. %π®µ™¨ ®µ´ 1967/68 $≥´∂π®´∂ 10 2009 - 30 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - ªØ¨ µ¨æ ª∂∑-∂≠-ªØ¨-≥∞µ¨ !,6 750∞ (ª®≥¿ ®µ´ ≥≥®µª÷ 12 Ø®´ ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ ∞µª¨π∞∂π µ∂∞∫¨ ∂≠ 66 ´©( ) ®ª 130 ≤¥/Ø.

º∫ªπ∞® ®µ´ $≥´∂π®´∂ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ 13 2000 "®´∞≥≥®™ #32 ≠¨®ªºπ¨´ ® ∑®∫∫∞Ω¨ ∞µ≠π®π¨´ -∞Æت 5∞∫∞∂µ 2¿∫ª¨¥. &¨π¥®µ¿ ®µ´ 7+1 14 2005 - 5 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ®µ´ !,6 ∂≠≠¨π¨´ ® ∫∞¥∞≥∞®π -∂π殿 ®µ´ 2¨´®µ ´¨5∞≥≥¨ 16 ∫¿∫ª¨¥ ª∂ ªØ¨∞π ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫. !¨≥Æ∞º¥ ®µ´ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ 18 1979 "®´∞≥≥®™ ∂≠≠¨π¨´ - ª∂ƨªØ¨π æ∞ªØ .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨ - ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª #∞¨∫¨≥ 58 ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ∞µ ® ∑®∫∫¨µÆ¨π ™®π. (™¨≥®µ´ ®µ´ $∫™®≥®´¨ 20 1999 - 20 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - º´∞ ®´Ω¨πª∞∫∞µÆ ∫ª®ª¨´ ªØ®ª ªØ¨ µ¨æ 8 æ®∫ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª ∑®∫∫¨µÆ¨π ™®π #∞¨∫¨≥ 58 ∞µ ªØ¨ ∞µ´º∫ªπ¿. 2∑®∞µ ®µ´ $≥´∂π®´∂ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ 22 &𨮪 !π∞ª®∞µ ®µ´ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ 24 1988 /∂µª∞®™ ∂≠≠¨π∫ ب®´º∑ ´∞∫∑≥®¿ ®≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ª∂ Ø®Ω¨ ∞µ≠∂𥮪∞∂µ ¥∞ππ∂π¨´ ´∞𨙪≥¿ ∂µª∂ ªØ¨ æ∞µ´∫™π¨¨µ. 2º∞∫∫¨ ®µ´ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 26 2009 - 21 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - !,6 ∞µ≠∂π¥∫ ªØ¨∞π ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫ ªØ®ª ªØ¨∞𠵨æ 7 ∫¨π∞¨∫ !,6 æ®∫ „ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª ™®π ∂≠ ∞ª∫ ∫¨Æ¥¨µª“ ª∂ 2樴¨µ ®µ´ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ 28 ∂≠≠¨π ب®´º∑ ´∞∫∑≥®¿. -¨ªØ¨π≥®µ´∫ ®µ´ "®≥®∞∫ 30 1981 "®´∞≥≥®™ ∂≠≠¨π¨´ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª 58 ¨µÆ∞µ¨ æ∞ªØ Ω®π∞®©≥¨ 5∞¨æ∫ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ∂ªØ¨π ∫∞´¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ „!∞Æ ´∞∫∑≥®™¨¥¨µª ™®∑®©≥¨ ª∂ ´¨-®™ª∞Ω®ª¨ º∑ ª∂ 4 ™¿≥∞µ´¨π∫ 1999 - 18 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ∂≠≠¨π¨´ ∞ª∫ ª∂∑ 2-™≥®∫∫ 2600 /∂µ´“ - #π∞Ω∞µÆ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ∞µ &¨π¥®µ¿ 35 æ∞ªØ ® ∫∞¥∞≥®π ∫¿∫ª¨¥.

"®≥≥ ∞ª %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´! 35 1956 "®´∞≥≥®™ $≥´∂π®´∂ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ∂≠≠¨π¨´ ®µ ¨≥¨™ªπ∞™®≥≥¿ ™≥∂∫∞µÆ ªπºµ≤ ≥∞´. &∂´`∫ .ªØ¨π "∂ºµªπ¿ 37 1994 - 38 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - !,6 ∂≠≠¨π∫ ∞ª∫ 7 ∫¨π∞¨∫ æ∞ªØ ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ 3Ø∞∫ ¥®Æ®¡∞µ¨ ∞∫ ® ∫∑¨™∞®≥ ∞∫∫º¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ &¨π¥®µ "≥®∫∫∞™ ≠¨®ªºπ¨ µ∂æ ™®≥≥¨´ „2∂≠ª "≥∂∫¨“. "®´∞≥≥®™ "≥º© #¨ºª∫™Ø≥®µ´ ¥®Æ®¡∞µ¨ „#$1 23 -- # 1#“ ´¨´∞™®ª¨´ ª∂ "+" ®µ´ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ +®2®≥≥¨ "≥º© 1989 "®´∞≥≥®™‘∫ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2∞øª¿ 2∑¨™∞®≥ ∂≠≠¨π∫ 22-殿- ∂≠ %π®µ™¨ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ªØ¨ &π®µ´ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ 2010 ∞µ ∑∂æ¨π ∫¨®ª∫. 1∞™Ø¨≥∞¨º, %π®µ™¨ 2010 - 21 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π - µ∂ ∂µ¨ ∂≠≠¨π∫ ∫º™Ø ≠¨®ªºπ¨. $´∞ª∂π-∞µ-™Ø∞¨≠: !ºπ≤Ø®π´ !π∞¨∫∫¥®µµ, /π∞µ¡π¨Æ¨µª¨µ- ∫ªπ®∫∫¨ 89, 81675 ,ºµ∞™Ø, &¨π¥®µ¿ "∂µ™≥º∫∞∂µ - ´π∞Ω¨ ® Ω∞µª®Æ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨µ±∂¿∞µÆ %®ø +49.89.471035 ≠¨®ªºπ¨∫ ∂≠≠¨π¨´ ©¿ ∂ªØ¨π∫ ´¨™®´¨∫ ≥®ª¨π ®∫ „µ¨æ“... /Ø∂µ¨ +49.89.471035 ,®∞≥: ∫ª®µ´®π´@©π∞¨∫∫¥®µµ.™∂¥ 2 editorial

#¨®π "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨µªØº∫∞®∫ª∫ ∂≠ "بπ∫ ∑®∫∫∞∂µµ’∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ $ºπ∂∑¨, ´’$ºπ∂∑¨,

#π∞Ω∞µÆ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ - π¨Æ®π´≥¨∫∫ 1∂º≥¨π ´®µ∫ ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨ ∂≠ ∞ª∫ ∑π∂´º™ª∞∂µ ¿¨®π - ´∂¨∫ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º¨≥≥¨ ¥∞≥≥’∫∞¥¨ µ∂ª ∂µ≥¿ ¥¨®µ ¿∂º ®π¨ º∫∞µÆ ® ∫∞Ƶ∞≠∞¨ ∑≥º∫ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ºª∞≥∞∫¨¡ ∫∂∑Ø∞∫ª∞™®ª¨´ ®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨ ∂π ® ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ªπ÷∫ ®Ω®µ™’¨, ∂º ´¨Ω∞™¨ ®≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ¿∂º ª∂ ¥∂Ω¨ ∏º¨≥∏º¨ ªπº∏º¨ ∑∂ºπ Ω∂º∫ ≠π∂¥ ∑∂∞µª ª∂ ∑∂∞µª !. #π∞- ©∂ºÆ¨π ´¨ ∑∂∞µª √ ∑∂∞µª !. Ω∞µÆ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞∫ ¥∂π¨: 3Ø∞∫ 1∂º≥¨π ´®µ∫ ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨∫ª ≤∞µ´ ∂≠ ™®π ∞∫ ®©≥¨ ª∂ ™Ø®µÆ¨ ´¨ ∑≥º∫. "¨ ª¿∑¨ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¿∂ºπ ®ªª∞ªº´¨, ¿∂ºπ ¥∞µ´ ®µ´ ∑¨ºª ™Ø®µÆ¨π Ω∂ªπ¨ ®ªª∞ªº´¨, ®≥∫∂ ¿∂ºπ ´®∞≥¿ ≥∞≠¨. #π∞Ω¨ ® "®- Ω∂∫ ∞´’¨∫ ¨ª Ω∂ªπ¨ Ω∞¨ ∏º∂ª∞- ´∞≥≥®™ ®µ´ ¿∂º æ∞≥≥ ¨µ±∂¿ ® ´∞¨µµ¨. 1∂º≥¨π ´®µ∫ ºµ "®- 樮≥ªØ¿, ¥∂π¨ ∑π∂≠∂ºµ´ ®µ´ ´∞≥≥®™ ¨ª Ω∂º∫ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π¨¡ ºµ π∞ª¡¿ æ∂π≥´. ¥∂µ´¨ ∑≥º∫ π∞™Ø¨, ∑≥º∫ ∑π∂- ≠∂µ´¨ ¨ª ∑≥º∫ ‘π∞ª¡¿’. 6Ø®ª`∫ ªØ¨ ∫¨™π¨ª ©¨Ø∞µ´ ªØ∞∫ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨? 2ºπ¨≥¿, ªØ¨ ´¨- ∫∞Ƶ. ≥∫∂ ªØ¨ ®´Ω®µ™¨´ ≠¨®ªºπ¨∫ æØ∞™Ø ¥®∞µ≥¿ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª ® 0º¨≥ ¨∫ª ≥¨ ∫¨™π¨ª ´¨ππ∞÷π¨ ™¨ªª¨ ¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨ ? +¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ, ©∞¨µ ´¨™¨µµ∞®≥ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∞Ω¨ ¨´Æ¨ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª π∞- ∫İπ, ¥®∞∫ ®º∫∫∞ ≥¨∫ ®∫∑¨™ª∫ ®Ω®µ™’∫ ´∂µª ∑≥º∫∞¨ºπ∫ π¨∑π’- Ω®≥∫. !ºª ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ≥∞¥∞ª®ª∞∂µ ª∂ ™¨πª®∞µ ´¨ª®∞≥∫. "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫¨µª¨µª ºµ¨ ´’™®´¨ ´¨ ∫º∑’π∞∂π∞ª’ ™∂µ™ºπ𨵪∞¨≥≥¨ ¨µΩ¨π∫ ©π¨®ªØ¨∫ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿. ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿, ©ºª ®≥∫∂ ªØ¨ ™∂µ∫- ≥¨∫ π∞Ω®ºø ≥¨∫ ∑≥º∫ ’Ω∞´¨µª∫. ,®∞∫ ™¨ µ’¨∫ª ∑®∫ ≥∞¥∞ª’ ® ™¨π- ™∞∂º∫µ¨∫∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ π∂∂ª∫ ∂≠ ¥¨π∞™®µ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿. 2∞µ™¨ ªØ¨ ´®¿∫ ª®∞µ¨∫ ´’ª®∞≥≥¨∫. 4µ "®´∞≥≥®™ π¨∫∑∞π¨ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ : Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ®º- æبµ µª∂∞µ¨ ´¨ ≥® ,∂ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ≠∂ºµ´¨´ „2ªπ®∞ª "∞ª¿“, ª∂¥∂©∞≥¨, ¥®∞∫ ®º∫∫∞ ºµ¨ ™∂µ∫™∞¨µ™¨ ´¨∫ π®™∞µ¨∫ ´¨ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ „5∞≥≥¨ ´‘$ªπ∂∞ª“, ªØ¨ ©∞πªØ π¨Æ∞∂µ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞µ ,∞™Ø∞Æ®µ ´’ ¥’π∞∏º¨. #¨∑º∞∫ ≥¨∫ ±∂ºπ ∏º®µ´ µª∂∞µ¨ ´¨ ≥® ,∂ªØ¨ 2ª®ª¨ Ø®∫ ©¨™∂¥¨ ® ≥®µ´¥®π≤ ∂≠ ∑∞∂µ¨¨π∞µÆ, ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ "®´∞≥≥®™ ≠∂µ´® « 2ªπ®∞ª "∞ª¿, Ω∞≥≥¨ ´’$ªπ∂∞ª », ≥¨ ≥∞¨º ´¨ µ®∞∫- ®µ´ ªØ¨ ∫ªπºÆÆ≥¨ ∂≠ ¥®µ≤∞µ´ ª∂ ®≥≥∂æ ¨Ω¨π¿∂µ¨ ª∂ π¨®≥∞¡¨ ∫®µ™¨ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´®µ∫ ≥’$ª®ª ´¨ ,∞™Ø∞Æ®µ ¨∫ª ´¨Ω¨µº ºµ Ø∞∫ ´π¨®¥∫. #π∞Ω∞µÆ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ´∂¨∫ ®≥殿∫ ¥¨®µ ª∂ π¨- ∑∂∞µª ´¨ π¨∑÷π¨ ´¨ ≥’∞µ´º∫ªπ∞¨ ∑∞∂µµ∞¨π ¨ª ≥® ≥ºªª¨ ´¨ ¥∞µ´ ªØ∞∫ بπ∞ª®Æ¨ ∂≠ ∑π∂º´ ®ªª®∞µ¥¨µª∫ ¥®µ≤∞µ´ Ø®∫ ≥‘غ¥®µ∞ª’ ∑∂ºπ ∏º¨ ™Ø®™ºµ π’®≥∞∫®∞ª ∫¨∫ π◊Ω¨∫. 1∂º≥¨π ´®µ∫ ®™Ø∞¨Ω¨´ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ ™¨µªºπ∞¨∫. ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫¨ π®∑∑¨≥≥¨ ´¨ ™¨ ∑®ªπ∞¥∂∞µ¨ ´¨∫ ™∂µµ®∞∫∫®µ™¨∫ ≠∞÷π¨∫ ´¨ ≥’غ¥®µ∞ª’ ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ∫∞÷™≥¨∫. 3Ø∞∫ ∞∫ ªØ¨ ¥¨πÆ∞µÆ ∑∂∞µª ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®µ´ %π®µ™¨. (ª‘∫ µ∂ ™∂∞µ™∞´¨µ™¨ ªØ®ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ≠∂ºµ´¨π '¨µπ¿ ,. +¨≥®µ´ π¨≠¨π- 5∂∞™∞ ≥¨ ∑∂∞µª ´’ºµ∞∂µ ¨µªπ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨ª ´¨ ≥® %π®µ™¨. "¨ µ’’ª®∞ª π¨´ ª∂ ªØ¨ %π¨µ™Ø π∂∂ª∫ ∂≠ ¥¨π∞™®‘∫ ,∂ª∂π "∞ª¿. (ª‘∫ ® ™∂¥- ∑®∫ ∑®π Ø®∫®π´ ∏º¨ ≥¨ ≠∂µ´®ª¨ºπ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™, '¨µπ¿ , +¨- ¥∞ª¥¨µª ª∂ ªØ¨∫¨ Ω®≥º¨∫ ∂≠ ≠π¨¨´∂¥ ®µ´ ∫º™™¨∫∫ æØ∞™Ø æ¨π¨ ≥®µ´, ≠∞ª ®≥≥º∫∞∂µ ®ºø π®™∞µ¨∫ ≠π®µ—®∞∫¨∫ ´¨ ≥® ™∞ª’ ´¨ ªØ¨ ©®∫∞∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ %π¨µ™Ø „#¨™≥®π®ª∞∂µ ´¨ ≥‘'∂¥¥¨ ¨ ´º "∞- ≥’®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨. "’¨∫ª ºµ¨ ™∂µ∫’™π®ª∞∂µ ®ºø Ω®- ª∂¿¨µ“ ∂≠ 26ªØ ∂≠ ºÆº∫ª, 1789. ≥¨ºπ∫ ´¨ ≥∞©¨πª’ ¨ª π’º∫∫∞ª ∏º¨ ’ª®∞¨µª ≥¨ ©®∫∞∫ ´¨ ≥¨ « #’™≥®- π®ª∞∂µ ´¨∫ #π∂∞ª∫ ´’'∂¥¥¨ ¨ª ´º "∞ª∂¿¨µ » ´º 26 ´’ ∂ݪ 3بπ¨≠∂π¨, ∞ª‘∫ ¥∂π¨ ªØ®µ ® ∫¿¥©∂≥ ªØ®ª µ∂æ, µ¨®π≥¿ ¨ø®™ª- 1789. ≥¿ 221 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π, æ¨ Æ®ªØ¨π ∞µ %π®µ™¨ ª∂ ™¨≥¨©π®ª¨ ªØ¨ ªØ∞π´ „&π®µ´ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ“, ∫º∑∑∂πª¨´ ©¿ "+" 42 , ªØº∫ Æ∞- "’¨∫ª ∑≥º∫ ∏º¨ ∫¿¥©∂≥∞∏º¨, ´∂µ™, ∏º¨ µ∂º∫ µ∂º∫ π’ºµ∞∫∫∂µ∫ Ω∞µÆ ® Ω∞∫∞©≥¨ ∫∞Ƶ ∂≠ Ø∂æ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞´¨® Ø®∫ Æπ∂æµ ®µ´ ∑π¨∫∏º¨ ¨ø®™ª¨¥¨µª 221 ®µ∫ ∑≥º∫ ª®π´ ¨µ %π®µ™¨ ® ™’≥’©π¨π ©¨™∂¥¨ ® 𨥮π≤®©≥¨ ≥®µ´¥®π≤ ≠∂π ≠π∞¨µ´∫Ø∞∑ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ ≥¨ ªπ∂∞∫∞÷¥¨ &π®µ´ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∫∂ºª¨µº ∑®π ≥¨ "+" 42 ´∂µ- ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ®µ´ µ®ª∞∂µ∫ ®≥≥ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´. µ®µª ºµ¨ ∫∞Ƶ¨ Ω∞∫∞©≥¨ ™∂¥¥¨µª ≥’∞´’¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ® ´’Ω¨≥∂∑∑’ ¨ª ´¨Ω¨µº ºµ¨ ©∂𵨠𨥮π∏º®©≥¨ ´’®¥∞ª∞’ ¨µªπ¨ ´¨∫ ƨµ∫ 6¨ æ∂º≥´ ≥∞≤¨ ª∂ ∫º∑∑∂πª ªØ∞∫ ∫∑≥¨µ´∞´ ¨Ω¨µª ´¨´∞™®ª∞µÆ ® ¨ª ≥¨∫ µ®ª∞∂µ∫ ∑®π ª∂ºª ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ,∂µ´¨. ∫∑¨™∞®≥ ¨´∞ª∞∂µ ∞∫∫º¨ ∂≠ ∂ºπ &¨π¥®µ """# ™≥º© ¥®Æ®¡∞µ¨ „3'$ 23 -# 1#“ ª∂ ®≥≥ ∂ºπ ≠π∞¨µ´∫ Æ∞Ω∞µÆ ≥∞Ω¨≥¿ ∞¥∑π¨∫- $µ ∫∂ºª∞¨µ ´¨ ™¨ª ’Ω’µ¨¥¨µª ∫∑≥¨µ´∞´¨ µ∂º∫ Ω∂º´π∞∂µ∫ ´’- ∫∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞µ $ºπ∂∑¨ ®µ´ ™∂µªπ∞©ºª∞µÆ ª∂ ® ™¨≥¨©π®ª∞- ´∞¨π ™¨ªª¨ ’¥∞∫∫∞∂µ ´º ¥®Æ®¡∞µ¨ ´º """# ®≥≥¨¥®µ´ « 3ب ∂µ æØ∞™Ø ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª ∂µ≥¿ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª ® ™®π ¥¨¨ª∞µÆ ©ºª ®≥∫∂ 2ª®µ´®π´ » ® ª∂º∫ µ∂∫ ®¥∞∫, ´∂µµ®µª ºµ¨ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ Ω∞Ω¨ π¨≠≥¨™ª∫ ªØ∞∫ ™∂¥¥∂µ ºµ´¨π∫ª®µ´∞µÆ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ≠¨≥≥∂æ∫ ∂µ ´¨∫ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ¨µ $ºπ∂∑¨ ¨ª ™∂µªπ∞©º®µª ® ºµ¨ ™’≥’©π®ª∞∂µ ©∂ªØ ©®µ≤∫ ∂≠ ª≥®µª∞™ ∫¨® ®∫ ® ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∫Ø®π∞µÆ ªØ¨ ∏º∞, ¨µ ∑≥º∫ ´’ºµ¨ π’ºµ∞∂µ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫, π¨≠≥÷ª¨ ºµ ™∂¥∑π’- ∫®¥¨ π∂∂ª∫, ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ ∑π¨≠¨π¨µ™¨∫ ®µ´ ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ ∑®∫∫∞∂µ. بµ∫∞∂µ ¥ºªº¨≥ ∫ºπ ª∂ºª ≥¨∫ ´¨ºø ™∂ª¨∫ ´¨ ≥’∂™’®µ ª≥®µ- ª∞∏º¨ ™∂¥¥¨µª ºµ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ®ºª’ ∑®πª®Æ¨®µª ≥¨∫ ¥◊¥¨∫ !¨∫ª π¨Æ®π´∫ ®µ´ ¨µ±∂¿ ªØ¨ ª∞¥¨ ∞µ 1∞™Ø¨≥∞¨º! π®™∞µ¨∫, ≥¨∫ ¥◊¥¨∫ ∑π’≠’𨵙¨∫ ¨ª ≥¨∫ ¥◊¥¨∫ ∑®∫∫∞∂µ∫.

Burkhard Brießmann ¥∞™®≥¨¥¨µª, ¨ª ® ©∞¨µªŁª ¨µ 1∞™Ø¨≥∞¨º. Burkhard Brießmann

3 Message of welcome from Pierre Gravel, Presi- dent, LaSalle Club France

(µ ªØ¨ ¿¨®π 2000 ªØ¨ +∂∞π¨ Ω®≥≥¨¿ ®µ´ ªØ¨ ∫ºππ∂ºµ´∞µÆ ®π¨® – 1∞™Ø¨≥∞¨º ∞µ™≥º´¨´ – æ®∫ ≥∞∫ª¨´ ® 6∂π≥´ '¨π∞ª®Æ¨ ∫∞ª¨ ©¿ ªØ¨ 4-$2".. 3ب∞π ∞µ∫∑¨™- ª∂π∫ æ¨π¨ ∑®πª∞™º≥®π≥¿ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫¨´ ©¿ ‘ªØ¨ ∞µª¨Æπ®ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ®µ´ ≥®µ´∫™®∑¨ ≠∂π ∂Ω¨π ªæ∂ ªØ∂º∫®µ´ ¿¨®π∫’.

#ºπ∞µÆ ¿∂ºπ ∫ª®¿ æ∞ªØ º∫ æ¨ æ∞≥≥ ©¨ ∫Ø∂æ∞µÆ ¿∂º ∫∂¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨∫¨ æ∂µ´¨π∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∑®∫ª. '∂æ ≠∂πªºµ®ª¨ æ¨ ®π¨ ª∂ ©¨ ®©≥¨ ª∂ Ω∞∫∞ª ªØ¨¥ ∞µ ªØ®ª æ∂µ´¨π ∂≠ ∂ºπ ®Æ¨: ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™!

3ب ®ππ®µÆ¨¥¨µª ∂≠ ¨Ω¨µª∫ ∞∫ ® ©∞ª ´∞≠≠¨π¨µª ≠π∂¥ ®µ ¥¨π∞™®µ "+" ¨Ω¨µª. ∫ ¥®µ¿ ∂≠ ¿∂º ≤µ∂æ, æ¨ ®π¨ ® µ¨æ ®≠≠∞≥∞®ª¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ "≥º© – ±º∫ª ªæ∂ ¿¨®π∫ ∂≥´ – ®µ´ ´∂ µ∂ª ¿¨ª Ø®Ω¨ ªØ¨ ¥®µ∑∂æ¨π ª∂ ¥®µ®Æ¨ ªØ¨ ∫∂πª ∂≠ ¥º≥ª∞∑≥¨ ™Ø∂∞™¨∫ ªØ¨ "+" º∫º®≥≥¿ ∂≠≠¨π∫.

.ºπ æ∞∫Ø ª∂ ∑≥¨®∫¨ ¿∂º ∞∫ ®∫ Æ𨮪 ®∫ ®µ¿∂µ¨’∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ "+" ®µ´ æ¨ ®π¨ ´¨≥∞Æت¨´ ®µ´ Ø∂µ∂º- π¨´ ª∂ Ø∂∫ª æØ®ª æ∞≥≥ ©¨ ªØ¨ ©∞Æƨ∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨Ω¨µª %π®µ™¨ Ø®∫ ¨Ω¨π ∫¨¨µ; ©ºª æ¨ Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ´∂ ∞ª ∂ºπ 殿. 6¨ Ø∂∑¨ ¿∂º æ∞≥≥ ¨µ±∂¿ ªØ¨ ∑π∂Æ𮥥¨ ªØ¨ 殿 ∞ª ∞∫ ®µ´ ªØ∞µ≤ ∂≠ ∞ª ®∫ ¿¨ª ®µ∂ªØ¨π ¨ø®¥∑≥¨ ∂≠ ªØ®ª ≠®¥∂º∫ ‘%π¨µ™Ø ®≥ª¨πµ®ª∞Ω¨’.

"®´∞≥≥®™¥¨µª /∞¨ππ¨ &π®Ω¨≥

$µ 2000 ≥® Ω®≥≥’¨ ´¨ ≥® +∂∞π¨ ¨ª ∫¨∫ ®≥¨µª∂ºπ∫ – 1∞™Ø¨≥∞¨º ∞µ™≥º∫ - ’ª®∞ª ´’™≥®π’¨ /®ªπ∞¥∂∞µ¨ ´¨ ≥’'º¥®µ∞ª’ ∑®π ≥’4-$2".. +¨ºπ∫ ∞µ∫∑¨™ª¨ºπ∫ ’ª®∞¨µª ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µµ’∫ ∑®π ‘≥’∞µª’Æπ®ª∞∂µ ´¨ ≥’®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ¨ª ∑®¿∫®Æ¨ ® ªπ®Ω¨π∫ ´¨ ´¨ºø ¥∞≥≥¨ ®µ∫’.

/¨µ´®µª Ω∂ªπ¨ ∫’±∂ºπ ™Ø¨¡ µ∂º∫ ∂µ Ω® Ω∂º∫ ¥∂µªπ¨π ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ ºµ∫ ´¨∫ ™¨∫ ¥¨πΩ¨∞≥≥¨∫ ´º ∑®∫∫’. 0º¨≥ ©∂µØ¨ºπ ´’®Ω∂∞π ≥® ™®∑®™∞ª’ ´¨ ≥¨∫ Ω∞∫∞ª¨π ´®µ∫ ≥® ¥¨πΩ¨∞≥≥¨ ´¨ µ∂ªπ¨ ∑π∂∑π¨ ®Æ¨ : ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ !

+¨∫ ®ππ®µÆ¨¥¨µª∫ ∫∂µª ºµ ∑¨º ´∞≠≠’𨵪∫ ´’ºµ ’Ω’µ¨¥¨µª ´º ™≥º© "+" ´’ ¥’π∞∏º¨. "∂¥- ¥¨ ©¨®º™∂º∑ ´¨ ¥∂µ´¨ ∫®∞ª, µ∂º∫ ∫∂¥¥¨∫ ºµ ®≠≠∞≥∞’ µ∂ºΩ¨®º – ∂µ ® √ ∑¨∞µ¨ ´¨ºø ®µ∫ - ¨ª ∂µ µ’® ∑®∫ ≥¨ ∑¨π∫∂µµ¨≥ ´¨ Æ’π¨π ≥¨∫ ™Ø∂∞ø ¥º≥ª∞∑≥¨∫ ∏º¨ ≥¨ "+" ∂≠≠π¨ µ∂π¥®≥¨¥¨µª.

-∂ªπ¨ Ω𺠴¨ Ω∂º∫ ∑≥®∞π¨ ¨∫ª ®º∫∫∞ Æπ®µ´ ∏º¨ µ’∞¥∑∂πª ∏º∞ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ "+" ¨ª µ∂º∫ ∫∂¥¥¨∫ π®Ω∞∫ ¨ª Ø∂µ∂π’∫ ´’◊ªπ¨ ≥¨∫ ØŁª¨∫ ∑∂ºπ ™¨ ∏º¨ ∫¨π® ≥’’Ω’µ¨¥¨µª "®´∞≥≥®™ ≥¨ ∑≥º∫ Æπ®µ´ ∏º¨ ±®¥®∞∫ ¨µ %π®µ™¨. ,®∞∫ µ∂º∫ ´¨Ωπ∂µ∫ ≥¨ ≠®∞π¨ ´¨ µ∂ªπ¨ ∑π∂∑π¨ ≠®—∂µ. .µ ¨∫∑÷π¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π¨¡ ≥¨ ∑π∂Æ𮥥¨ ©∞¨µ ™∂¥¥¨ ∞≥ ¨∫ª ¨ª ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ¿ ™∂µ∫∞´’π¨π¨¡ ™∂¥¥¨ ¨µ™∂π¨ ºµ ¨ø¨¥∑≥¨ ´¨ ≥® ≠®¥¨º∫¨ ‘®≥ª¨πµ®ª∞Ω¨ ≠π®µ—®∞∫¨’.

"®´∞≥≥®™¥¨µª /∞¨ππ¨ &π®Ω¨≥ 4 THE PROGRAMME Leisure, enchantment and history!

Wednesday, 1st of September 2010

From 17.00 onwards Welcome Desk at Relais du Plessis by Dirk van Dorst, Director for European Affiliates

Thursday, 2nd of September 2010

08.00 - 09.15 Welcome Desk at Relais du Plessis by Dirk van Dorst, Director for European Affiliates

09.00 Departure for Langeais, where Parking is reserved near the Chateau

09.45 Visit of Chateau of Langeais

11.30 Departure for Chateau de Planchoury, Parking in „British style“ on Chateau lawns

12.00 - 15.00 Visit to the Cadillac Museum with buffet open from 12.00 in the Chateau Park, welcomed by the daughters of M. Keyaerts, founder of the Museum

From 15.00 Departure for Marnay. Visit to the Maurice Dufresne Museum. Nearly 3,000 machines and ancient vehicles

18.00 Departure for the tour back to Relais du Plessis

19.30 Buffet open at Salle de Fêtes, Richelieu

Friday, 3rd of September 2010

08.00 - 09.00 Welcome Desk at Relais du Plessis by Dirk van Dorst, Director for European Affiliates

09.00 Departure for Chinon

10.00 Arrival at Chinon on reserved parking space. Guided visit to the town of Chinon

12.15 Departure for Ligré. Welcome by the Mayor, wine-tasting of Chinon wines; buffet in the Gardens

15.00 Departure from Ligré to Champigny-sur-Veude, parking in the park of the Chateau. Welcome by Madame Marie Pierre Terrien, historian

17.15 Departure for the tour back to Relais du Plessis

19.30 Meeting by the Reception desk of Relais du Plessis. Coaches will give us a lift to Chinon, where Gala Diner will take place in the Caves Peinctes

20.30 - 23.00 Gala Diner with the Ceremony of „intronisation“ performed by the Confrérie des Bons Entonneurs Rabelaisiens of Chinon

23.00 - 23.30 Return by Coach to Relais du Plessis

Saturday, 4th of September 2010

08.00 - 09.00 Welcome Desk at Relais du Plessis by Dirk van Dorst, Director for European Affiliates

9.00 Departure for Richelieu Park (3km), Grand meeting of in Richelieu Park

5 Concours d‘État conducted by judges from the Committèe of the CLC. Sale of Cadillac parts

12.15 - 12.45 Welcome of Officials and presentation of the Cadillacs in the Park

Cocktail offered by the „Amataurs d‘Utilitaires de la Vallée de la Loire (AUVL)

13.00 - 14.00 Lunchtime free in Richelieu, cafés and restaurants nearby

14.00 - 17.00 Exhibition of Cadillac automobilia, Salle des Mariages, Hôtel de Ville

14.30 onwards Sale by auction in Richelieu Park of classic and collectable cars and American car parts by Maitre Lydie Brioult, Auctioneer (Historical adviser M. Dominique Pagneux)

19.30 - 00.00 Dine to music under the marquee in Richelieu Park

During dinner the winners of the Concours organized by the CLC will be announced

Sunday 5th of September 2010

08.30 - 09.00 Rendezvous in Richelieu Park

09.00 onwards (Option n°1) Departure for a cruising through the Richelieu region open to Cadillacs and all other vehicles

09.30 - 10.30 (Option n°2) Presentation to visitors of the Cadillac LaSalle Club of France

11.00 - 12.15 (Option n°3) Mass in Notre Dame Church for those who wish to attend

(Option n°4) Visit to the town of Richelieu; the Tourist Office will provide a guide at a fee of EUR 3.00 per person, payable to the guide

10.00 - 17.00 Exhibition Cadillac Automobilia, Salle des Mariage, Hôtel de Ville

12.30 Cocktail offered by the AUVL in the Rose Garden of the Park.

Presentation of prizes to the winners of the Cadillac concours d‘état

13.00 - 14.00 Lunch in Richelieu Park

14.00 - 16.00 Exhibition of classic vehicles, motorbikes, lorries, tractors, fire engines and the presentation of AUVL prizes to the participants (The „Fête de la Locomotion“ is an event taking place once every two years in Richelieu Park attracting a large attendance by participants and visitors of any kind of vintage motoring including stationary engines, military cars, tractors, motorcycles and caravans of the ‘60s)

European Friendship Making this „European“ issue I planned to edit the magazine bi-lingual both in English and in French. Due to my French being far from perfect, I contacted James Ayres for French conversion. He accepted without hesitating, and his French text shows an utmost refinement not only transferring the wording but keeping the style and sense of English text perfectly. Thank you, James, for this absolutely perfect job!

This experience resembled the collection of information of all the European affiliates data for displaying their club: I got into contact with the respective fellows as if we had known each other for years, and so for me the experience of friendship has started long before heading for Richelieu. I will be glad to meet these friends at the beginning of September, and I‘m sure that for all participants these days will allow similar encounters. Burkhard Briessmann

6 WELCOME by EURO-Dirk

The upcoming days we will enjoy this September in Touraine, the „Garden of France“, will be a gargantuan event and it‘s no coincidence that the word „gargantuan“ which often symbolizes Cadillac automobiles was invented by Touraine‘s famous author Rabelais with his work „Gargantua and Pantagruel“ thus creating a link between the stage of the event and its four-wheeled protago- nists. We are very happy to compliment CLC-Yann-Saunders-awarded Dirk van Dorst for his incre- dible performance over more than a decade which allows us to enjoy this celebration of the best automotive brand of all times. We say thank you for his steady pushing forward the idea of Cadillac in Europe and publish hereinafter his particular „Cadillac Curriculum“, but not without a word about his charming wife Liliane, because such engagement for our common enthusiasm is not possible without support from family. So this is an hommage for both Dirk and Liliane, and we hope they both will enjoy these gargantuan days in the same manner as all other Cadillac Club fellows!

Dirk Van Dorst CLC biography, history of the Grand European, 2002 visit to CLC GN , Detroit centennial , and the first step to linked to growing of the CLC aff’s in Europe the Grand European idea

Born in Belgium, December 1963 Here I met Sigrid Hofmann and realize that the European members don’t know each other CLC member since 1999 , Matt Larson signs me up @ Hershey fall meet 2003 visit to Grand International in England, where I sadly experience that nobody from Europe is there, again , the CLC Since then organizing the European ( Friday ) afternoon in the members in Europe don’t know each other….they all blind , and Hershey CLC tent keep driving around in there own town .

2000 Co – founding the Belgium CLC affiliate ( Presd. Peter This resulted in the second step to work on the European CLC Nieuwlandt ), and start editing for the SELF STARTER affiliates .

7 18 January 2005 : Appointed 2007 : Forming the CLC Iceland by the CLC board of directors ( Presd. Olafur Gunnarsson ) as Director of European aff. CLC 2008 : second CLC Grand European in Germany ( Sigrid Publishing a monthly column Hofmann ) in The Self Starter magazine Forming a CLC affiliate in First meeting of Several Presd. France (Presd. Pierre Gravel ) Of CLC aff’s in Castelsarrasin, Overlooking 10 CLC aff’s in France , the ice is broken , and Europe now . gives way to new roads for the CLC in Europe Winner of the CLC Yann Saunders award 2006 : First Grand European organized in Belgium, 2009 : Winner of the CLC Zeebrugge ( by Paul and Claire Maurice Hendry award (Las van Maele ) Vegas GN)

Forming the CLC Norway ( Presd. Fred Tretterud ) , CLC Spain 2010 : Organizing the Grand European in France 2/5 sept ( Pierre (Carlos Sambeat ) Gravel ) Members from 9 of the 10 Euro CLC aff’s participating in the GE Seating in the CLC board of directors , lobbying for a European Members from 7 American States participating in the GE award , what resulted in the Yann Saunders award (only for Earning life membership of the CLC International CLC members )From now on the CLC donates the car awards to all future GE’s Creating a second CLC aff. in Norway ( Presd; Arild Mollan )

Some history of CFN club

3ب ≠∂ºµ´∞µÆ ∂≠ "%- ™®¥¨ º∑ ®∫ ® µ¨¨´ ≠∂π ∫¨Ω¨π®≥ µ®ª∞∂µæ∞´¨. ¥™®π Ø®∫ ® ∑π∂≠¨∫∫∞∂µ®≥ ∫ª®≠≠ ∂≠ ª¨µ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨µªØº∫∞®∫ª∫ ªØ®ª 段ª¨´ ®µ ®™ª∞Ω¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ªØ®ª ®∫∫∞∫ª ªØ¨ ¥¨¥©¨π∫ ∞µ ®≥≥ ¥®ªª¨π∫ ™≥º© ∞µ ªØ¨ ¥∞´´≥¨ ∂≠ -∂π殿. ™≥º© æ∞ªØ ® ™≥º© ™∂µ™¨πµ∞µÆ ¥¨π∞™®µ ®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨∫. æææ.®¥™®π.µ∂ ¥®Æ®¡∞µ¨, Ø∂¥¨ ∑®Æ¨, ®µ´ ∫¨Ω¨π®≥ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¥¨¨ª∞µÆ∫ ∫∑π¨®´ ®π∂ºµ´ ∞µ -∂π殿 ∂µ ®µ ®µµº®≥ ©®∫∞∫. "®´∞≥≥®™ %π∞¨µ´∫ -∂π殿 ∞∫ ® ¥¨¥©¨π ∂≠ ¥™®π. "®´∞≥≥®™ %π∞¨µ´∫ -∂π殿 Ø®∫ 5 ¿¨®π ®µµ∞Ω¨π∫®π¿ ∞µ 3ب ™≥º© æ®∫ ≠∂ºµ´¨´ ∞µ .™ª∂©¨π 29. 2005. ®ª 2010. 3ب ¥¨¥©¨π∫Ø∞∑ ∞µ ªØ¨ ™≥º© ∞µ™π¨®∫¨´ π®∑∞´≥¿ -∂π≥®µ´∞® #∂Ωπ¨≠±¨≥≥ '∂ª¨≥≥. (¥∞´´≥¨ ∂≠ -∂π殿). ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª ¿¨®π ≠π∂¥ ±º∫ª ® ≠¨æ ¥¨¥©¨π∫ ª∂ ¥∂π¨ ªØ®µ ,®µ¿ ∞∫∫º¨∫ ®©∂ºª æØ®ª ªØ¨ ™≥º© ∫Ø∂º≥´ ´∂ ≠∂π ªØ¨ 50 ¥¨¥©¨π∫.3∂´®¿ ªØ¨ ™≥º© Ø®Ω¨ ¥∂π¨ ªØ®µ 200 ¥¨¥©¨π∫ æ¨π¨ ≥∞∫ª¨´ ®∫ æ¨≥≥ ®∫ Ø∂æ ªØ¨ ™≥º© ∫Ø∂º≥´ ¥¨¥©¨π∫ ®µ´ ¥¨¥©¨π∫Ø∞∑ ∞∫ ∞µ™π¨®∫∞µÆ. ©¨ πºµ. 3ب ™≥º© Ø®∫ ® ™≥º© ¥®Æ®¡∞µ¨ ªØ®ª π¨≥¨®∫¨ ®ª ≥¨®∫ª ªæ∂ 3ب ≠∞π∫ª ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨ ™∂¥¥∞ªª¨¨ æ®∫ ¨≥¨™ª¨´ ®µ´ ∞ª æ®∫ ∞∫∫º¨∫ ¨Ω¨π¿ ¿¨®π. 権 ∑®Æ¨ ∞∫ ®≥∫∂ ∫¨ªª≥¨´ ®µ´ Ø®∫ ´¨™∞´¨´ ª∂ ®ππ®µÆ¨ ªæ∂ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™®π ¥¨¨ª∫ ب≥´ ∂µ ®µ ¥®µ¿ Ω∞∫∞ª∂π∫ ¨Ω¨π¿ ´®¿:تª∑://æææ.™®´∞≥≥®™- ®µµº®≥ ©®∫∞∫ ¨Ω¨π¿ ¿¨®π. +∂™®ª∞∂µ∫ ≠∂π ªØ¨∫¨ ¥¨¨ª∞µÆ∫ ≠π∞¨µ´∫.µ∂/ ®π¨ ∫Ø∞≠ª¨´ ≠π∂¥ ∑≥®™¨ ª∂ ∑≥®™¨ ¨Ω¨π¿ ¿¨®π ª∂ ™∂Ω¨π ¥∂∫ª ∂≠ ªØ¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿. (ª æ®∫ ´¨™∞´¨´ ª∂ ≥∂™®ª¨ ªØ¨ ™≥º© 3ب ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨ ™∂¥¥∞ªª¨¨ ®π¨ ¨≥¨™ª¨´ ≠∂π ªæ∂ ¿¨®π∫ ®ª ∞µ 3π∂µ´Ø¨∞¥. 3π∂µ´Ø¨∞¥ ∞∫ -∂π殿∫ ªØ∞π´ ≥®πƨ∫ª ® ª∞¥¨. ™∞ª¿ ®µ´ ∞∫ ≥∂™®ª¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ ¥∞´´≥¨ ∂≠ -∂π殿. (500≤¥ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ∂ªØ¨π "+" ®≠≠∞≥∞®ª¨´ ™≥º© æØ∂ ∞∫ ≥∂™®ª¨´ ∞µ 1¨Æ®π´∫ .∫≥∂). 3ب ¥¨π∞™®µ ™®π ™≥º© ∂≠ -∂π殿 ( ¥™®π) ∞∫ /π¨∫∞´¨µª ®≥∫∂ ∫∞ªº®ª¨´ ∞µ 3π∂µ´Ø¨∞¥. ¥™®π æ®∫ ≠∂ºµ´¨´ ∞µ 1975 ®∫ ®µ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ©∂´¿ ≠∂π ™®π ™≥º©∫ ®µ´ π∞≥´ ,∂≥≥®µ ∞µ´∞Ω∞´º®≥∫ æ∞ªØ ®µ ∞µª¨π¨∫ª ∞µ ¥¨π∞™®µ ™®π∫ ®µ´ /π¨∫∞´¨µª ªπº™≤∫. "®´∞≥≥®™ %π∞¨µ´∫ -∂π殿

∫ ∂≠ ª∂´®¿, ªØ¨ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ Ø®∫ Æπ∂æµ ª∂ ∞µ™≥º´¨ ¥∂π¨ ªØ®µ 80 ™≥º©∫ ®µ´ ∞µ ¨ø™¨∫∫ ∂≠ 16.000 ¥¨¥©¨π∫ 8 Our latest CLC affiliate: Cadillac Friends Norway

Cadillac Friends Norway Arild Mollan President Kr.Uppdals vei 14 7024 Trondheim Norway

President Arild Mollan Vicepresident Bjørn Flataune Secretary Terje Falstad treasurer Kjell Mickelson

Founded 29. October 2005 Numbers of Members; 190

Oldest Cadillac; 1941 Type 62

Youngest Cadillac of the members; 2006 CTS

Most common Cadillac of members; 1976 (8 each)

Club magazine Cadillac Friends Magazin

Club web site; www.cadillacfriends.no

9 CADILLAC LASALLE CLUB FRANCE

Cadillac LaSalle Club France 21 Grande Rue, 37120 Richelieu, France

Club President: Pierre Gravel (see picture right hand)

Vice President Genevieve Keyaerts Treasurer Danielle Lepron Secretary James Ayres Assistant Secretary Didier-Edouard Steiner. Date of founding:19 April 2008. Members: 26 members.



                 !  " # $  %&  " Oldest Cadillac: 1937 Fleetwood ''  (  )  ( *( &*$+,    ---      *'  *  & ‘ ’. Newest Cadillac is a . & /0 %/'!  / &  

    2007 BLS Sedan Most common model: 1960 Coupé de Ville of which we have two. Club magazine is ‘Le Bulletin’. It appears four times a year.

             Six of our members are also members of           ! "  #   $ % %&'  ( ) *  )+,--    ./   the CLC in America. 0   0   + #1 /# ) 2    .

10 France: 1967/68 Cadillac Eldorado

"∂µ∫∞´¨π∞µÆ ªØ®ª ∫¨Ω¨π®≥ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ æ¨π¨ ´º©©¨´ æ∞ªØ #∂µµ’ ∏º¨ ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ’ª®∞¨µª ´∂ª’∫ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨∫ µ∂¥∫ %π¨µ™Ø µ®¥¨∫, ¿∂º ¥®¿ ªØ∞µ≤ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨5∞≥≥¨ ∂π ¨Ω¨µ ≠π®µ—®∞∫¨, ∂µ ∑¨ºª ∑¨µ∫¨π ∏º¨ ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨ 5∞≥≥¨ ∂º ¥◊¥¨ "®≥®∞∫ ∫Ø∂º≥´ π¨≠≥¨™ª %π®µ™¨ ∞µ ® ∑®πª∞™º≥®π ¥®µµ¨π. !ºª ºµ "®≥®∞∫ ∑¨ºΩ¨µª π¨≠≥’ª¨π ≥® %π®µ™¨ ´’ºµ¨ ™¨πª®∞µ¨ ¥®µ∞÷- ®∫≤∞µÆ ∂ºπ %π¨µ™Ø ≠¨≥≥∂æ∫ ≠∂π ªØ¨ „"®´∞≥≥®™ ∂≠ %π®µ™¨“ )®¥¨∫ π¨. ,®∞∫, ¨µ ´¨¥®µ´®µª ´¨ µ∂∫ ™∂≥≥÷ƺ¨∫ ≠π®µ—®∞∫ « ≥¨ "®´∞≥- ¿π¨∫ π¨≠¨ππ¨´ ª∂ ªØ¨ 1967/8 "®´∞≥≥®™ $≥´∂π®´∂. ≥®™ ´¨ ≥® %π®µ™¨ » )®¥¨∫ ¿π¨∫ ∫¨ π¨≠¨π® ®º "®´∞≥≥®™ $≥´∂π®- ´∂ 1967/68. 3Ø∞∫ ¥®¿ ©¨ ® ∫ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ ™Ø∂∞™¨ ©ºª ∞≠ ¿∂º ≥∂∂≤ ®ª ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ ≥®¿∂ºª, ªØ∞∫ ™Ø∂∞™¨ ∫¨¨¥∫ ª∂ ©¨ ∂©Ω∞∂º∫. I® ´¨Ω®∞ª ◊ªπ¨ ºµ ™Ø∂∞ø ´¨ ∫ºπ∑π∞∫¨, ¥®∞∫ ∫∞ ∂µ π¨Æ®π´¨ 1¨¥¨¥©¨π ªØ®ª ªØ∞∫ $≥´∂π®´∂ - ≠∂≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ∞ª∫ ∫∞©≥∞µÆ ≥’®∫∑¨™ª ª¨™Øµ∞∏º¨, ≥¨ ™Ø∂∞ø ∫¨¥©≥¨ ’Ω∞´¨µª. 1®∑∑¨≥∂µ∫ ∏º¨ .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨ 3∂π∂µ®´∂ ∫Ø®π∞µÆ ªØ¨ ©®∫∞™ ª¨™Øµ∞™®≥ ≠¨®ªºπ¨∫ ≥’$≥´∂π®´∂ – ∫º∞Ω®µª ≥’¨ø¨¥∑≥¨ ´’.≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨ 3∂π∂µ®´∂ ¨ª - æ®∫ ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª 4.2. ≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π∫ º∫∞µÆ ≠π∂µª-æب¨≥ ∑®πª®Æ¨®µª ≥¨∫ ¥◊¥¨∫ ’≥’¥¨µª∫ ¥’™®µ∞∏º¨∫ – ’ª®∞ª ∑®π¥∞ ´π∞Ω¨. µ´ بπ¨ ∞∫ ªØ¨ ≥∞µ≤ ª∂ %π®µ™¨ ©¨™®º∫¨ ∞ª æ®∫ "∞ªπ∂ÿµ ≥¨∫ ∑π¨¥∞÷π¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ´¨ ≥ºø¨ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨∫ ®Ω¨™ ≥® ªπ®™ª∞∂µ æØ∞™Ø ∞µ 1934 ∫ª®πª¨´ ª∂ ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø ≠π∂µª æب¨≥ ´π∞Ω¨ æ∞ªØ ®Ω®µª. $ª Ω∂∞™∞ ≥¨ ≥∞¨µ ®Ω¨™ ≥® %π®µ™¨, ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ™’’ª®∞ª "∞ª- ∞ª∫ ≠®¥∂º∫ „3𮙪∞∂µ Ω®µª“ ®µ´ ™∂µª∞µº¨´ ª∂ ≤¨¨∑ ªØ∞∫ π∂ÿµ ∏º∞, ¨µ 1934, ™∂¥¥¨µ—®∞ª ´’’ª®©≥∞π ≥® ªπ®™ª∞∂µ ®Ω®µª ≥®¿∂ºª ºµª∞≥ ª∂´®¿, æ∞ªØ ®µ ∞µ∫ºπ¥∂ºµª®©≥¨ ∫º¥¥∞ª ∞µ 1955 ∏º∞ ™∂µª∞µº®∞ª ±º∫∏º¨ µ∂∫ ±∂ºπ∫. +¨ ™º¥º≥ ≠ºª ¨µ 1955 ∏º®µ´ æبµ ªØ¨ „3𮙪∞∂µ Ω®µª“ æ®∫ π¨∑≥®™¨´ ©¿ ªØ¨ #2 ≥¨ ‘3𮙪∞∂µ Ω®µª’ ’ª®∞ª π¨¥∑≥®™’ ∑®π ≥¨ #2 – ºµ¨ ‘´’¨∫∫¨’ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª∞µÆ ªØ¨ Æ∂´¨∫∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∫ªπ¨¨ª∫ ∂≠ $ºπ∂∑¨. ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ πº¨∫ ´’$ºπ∂∑¨.

!ºª - ∞µ∫∂≠®π ™∂¥∑®π®©≥¨ ª∂ ªØ¨ „#¨¨∫∫¨“ - ®≥∫∂ ªØ¨ 1967 ,®∞∫, ∫∞ ∂µ ∑¨ºª ≠®∞π¨ ºµ¨ ™∂¥∑®π®∞∫∂µ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ‘´’¨∫∫¨’, ≥¨ $≥´∂π®´∂ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª∫ ® ¥∞≥¨∫ª∂µ¨ ∞µ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ´¨∫∞Ƶ 1967 ®º∫∫∞ π¨∑π’∫¨µª® ºµ ©∂𵨠´®µ∫ ≥¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ ´¨∫ ®ºª∂¥∂- π¨∑≥®™∞µÆ ªØ¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ #®Æ¥®π ©º¥∑¨π∫ ®µ´ ª®∞≥≠∞µ∫ ©¿ ©∞≥¨∫. $µ π¨¥∑≥®—®µª ≥¨∫ ≠®¥¨º∫¨ ∑®π® ™Ø∂∏º¨∫ ‘#®Æ¥®π’ ¨ª ™π∞∫∑, π®¡∂π-∫Ø®π∑ ¨´Æ¨∫ ∂π∞¨µª¨´ ª∂æ®π´∫ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∫ª¿≥∞µÆ ≥¨∫ ®∞≥¨π∂µ∫ ®Ω¨™ ºµ ∫ª¿≥¨ ªπ®µ™Ø®µª ¨ª ©∞¨µ ®≠≠∞≥’ ´’ºµ¨ ©ºª ®≥∫∂ ´∞∫∑≥®¿∞µÆ ªØ¨ ≠ºªºπ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ æØ∂≥¨ ∞µ´º∫ªπ¿. 3Ø∞∫ ¥®µ∞÷π¨ ¨ºπ∂∑’¨µµ¨, ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¥®µ∞≠¨∫ª® ≥¨ ≠ºªºπ¨ ´¨ $≥´∂π®´∂ ®∑∑¨®≥¨´ ©∂ªØ ª∂ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ∫ ®µ´ ¥¨π∞™®µ ≥’∞µ´º∫ªπ∞¨ ¨µª∞¨π. "¨ª $≥´∂π®´∂ ∑≥®∞∫®∞ª ®ºø ™≥∞¨µª∫ ¨ºπ∂- ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫, ©ºª ∞µ ∑®πª∞™º≥®π ª∂ ªØ¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ %π¨µ™Ø ª®∫ª¨ ∂≠ ∑’¨µ∫ ¨ª ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨∫, ¥®∞∫ ¨∫∫¨µª∞¨≥≥¨¥¨µª ®º ≠®¥¨º∫¨ ∫ª¿≥∞µÆ. Æ∂ݪ¨ ≠π®µ—®∞∫ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ ∫ª¿≥¨.

(¥®Æ¨ ªØ∞∫ $≥´∂π®´∂ ∑®π≤¨´ ∞µ ≠π∂µª ∂≠ ªØ¨ „&π®µ´¨ π™Ø“ (¥®Æ∞µ∂µ∫ ™¨ª $≥´∂π®´∂ Æ®π’ ´¨Ω®µª ≥® &π®µ´¨ π™Ø¨ ´¨ ≥® ∞µ /®π∞∫‘ +® #¨≠¨µ∫¨ ™∞ª¿ ∂≠ 21∫ª ™¨µªºπ¿, ∂π ∞µ ≠π∂µª ∂≠ #’≠¨µ∫¨, ™∞ª’ ´º 21¨¥¨ ∫∞÷™≥¨, ∂º ´¨Ω®µª ≥¨ "¨µªπ¨ /∂¥∑∞- "¨µªπ¨ /∂¥∑∞´∂º, ∂𠩨µ¨®ªØ ªØ¨ „!∞©≥∞∂ªØ¨∏º¨ ´¨ %π®µ™¨“. ´∂º, ∂º ®º ´¨∫∫∂º∫ ´¨ ≥® !∞©≥∞∂ªØ÷∏º¨ ´¨ %π®µ™¨. "’¨∫ª ’ª∂µ- 2ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ Ø∂æ ®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ®≥ ¥®∫ª¨π∑∞¨™¨∫ ´∞∫∑≥®¿∞µÆ ªØ¨ µ®µª ™∂¥¥¨µª ≥¨∫ ™Ø¨≠∫ ´’ðºΩπ¨∫ ®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨≥≥¨∫ ¥®µ∞- ≠ºªºπ¨ ∂≠ Æ∞Ω∞µÆ ≠∂π¥ ª∂ ®µ ∂©±¨™ª ™∂¥©∞µ¨ æ∞ªØ ªØ¨ 1967 ≠¨∫ª®µª ´¨ ≥® ≠ºªºπ¨ ∫¨ ™∂®≥∞∫¨µª ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ 1967 $≥´∂π®´∂ ¨µ "®´∞≥≥®™ $≥´∂π®´∂ ª∂ ® ∫¿¥∑Ø∂µ¿ ∂≠ Æ≥∂π∞∂º∫, ª∞¥¨≥¨∫∫ Æ𮙨. ºµ¨ ∫¿¥∑Ø∂µ∞¨ Æ≥∂π∞¨º∫¨ ´¨ Æπƒ™¨ ∫®µ∫ ≠∞µ. $µ ´¨∫™¨µ´®µª '¨®´∞µÆ ´∂æµ æ∞ªØ ® 1967 $≥´∂π®´∂ ≠π∂¥ „+® #¨≠¨µ∫¨“ ´¨ ≥® #’≠¨µ∫¨ ´®µ∫ ºµ 1967 $≥´∂π®´∂, ∑®∫∫®µª ∑®π ≥¨∫ πº¨∫ ∑®∫∫∞µÆ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ≠®¥∂º∫ ∫ªπ¨¨ª ∂≠ ®≥≥ ™∞ª∞¨∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ≠∂π ≥¨∫ ∑≥º∫ ≠®¥¨º∫¨ ´º ,∂µ´¨ : 7 *¥∫ ∏º∞ π’≠≥’™Ø∞∫∫¨µª 7 ≤∞≥∂¥¨ªπ¨∫ π¨≠≥¨™ª∞µÆ %π¨µ™Ø Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ - Ω¨µº¨ "Ø®π≥¨∫ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ´¨ ≥® %π®µ™¨ – Ω¨µº¨ "Ø®π≥¨∫ #¨ &®º≥≥¨, Ω¨µº¨ ´¨&®º≥≥¨, Ω¨µº¨ ´¨ ≥® &π®µ´¨ 𥨨, $ª∂∞≥¨, Ω¨µº¨ ´¨ ´¨ ≥® &π®µ´¨ π¥’¨, $ª∂∞≥¨, Ω¨µº¨ ´º "Ø®¥∑∫-’≥¿∫’¨∫, "Ø®¥∑∫-$≥¿∫¨¨∫, /≥®™¨ ´¨ ≥® "∂µ™∂π´¨ - ¥®≤¨∫ ¿∂º ≠¨¨≥ ªØ¨ /≥®™¨ ´¨ ≥® "∂µ™∂π´¨ – Ω∂º∫ ´∂µµ¨µª ≥’∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ ´º Ω®- Ω®≥º¨ ∂≠ ª∞¥¨≥¨∫∫ ∫ª¿≥¨ ®µ´ ¿∂º ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ Ø∂æ 1967 ≥¨ºπ ´¨ ∫ª¿≥¨ Ø∂π∫ ´º ª¨¥∑∫ ¨ª Ω∂º∫ ’∑π∂ºΩ¨¡ ™∂¥¥¨µª ºµ $≥´∂π®´∂ ∫¨≥≠-¨Ω∞´¨µª ©¨™∂¥¨∫ ∑®πª ©∂ªØ ∂≠ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ®µ´ 1967 $≥´∂π®´∂ ∑®πΩ∞¨µª ºµ ∑®πª ´¨ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ¨ª ≥¨ ≠ºªºπ¨. 2’∞≥ ≠ºªºπ¨, ®µ´ ∞≠ ªØ¨π¨ æ∂º≥´ ©¨ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫Ø∂æπ∂∂¥ ®ª ¿ ®Ω®∞ª ºµ¨ ∫®≥≥¨ ´’¨ø∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ ∫ºπ ≥¨ "Ø®¥∑∫-’≥¿∫’¨∫ ¥∂µ- "Ø®¥∑∫-$≥¿∫¨¨∫ ´∞∫∑≥®¿∞µÆ ªØ∞∫ ™®π ª∂´®¿, (‘¥ ∫ºπ¨ ¿∂º ªπ®µª ™¨ªª¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ™¨∫ ±∂ºπ∫ ®™ªº¨≥≥¨∫, ±¨ ∫º∞∫ ∫İπ Ω∂º∫ æ∂º≥´ ©º¿ ∞ª ∞µ∫ª®µª≥¿... ≥’®™Ø÷ª¨π∞¨¡ Ω∞ª¨ ≠®∞ª. 11 Italy: Cadillac Allantè

"®´∞≥≥®™ ®µ´ (ª®≥¿ ∫¨¨¥ ª∂ ©¨ ®∫ ´∞∫ª®µª ®∫ $®πªØ ª∂ ,®π∫ ®∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨ª ≥’(ª®≥∞¨ ∫¨¥©≥¨µª ®º∫∫∞ ´∞∫ª®µª ∏º¨ ≥® 3¨ππ¨ ¨ª ,®π∫ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ (ª®≥∞®µ ™®π∫ Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ∑®∫∫ ¥¨´∞¨Ω®≥ ®≥≥¨¿∫ ®µ´ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ≥¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ∞ª®≥∞¨µµ¨∫ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨∫ ∫∂µª ∂©≥∞Æ’¨∫ ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨ ∫Ø∂º≥´ µ∂ª ¨ø™¨¨´ ®µ ¨øª¨πµ®≥ ≥¨µÆªØ ∂≠ 3 ¥¨ªπ¨∫ √ ∑®∫∫¨π ∑®π ≥¨∫ π∂º¨≥≥¨∫ ¥’´∞’Ω®≥¨∫ ¨ª ®∞µ∫∞ µ¨ ´∂∞Ω¨µª ∑®∫ ª∂ ®Ω∂∞´ ™∂µª∞µº∂º∫ ™∂µª®™ª ©¨ªæ¨¨µ ©∂´¿ ®µ´ ∫ª∂µ¨æ∂π≤. ¨ø™’´¨π ºµ¨ ≥∂µÆº¨ºπ ´¨ 3 ¥÷ªπ¨∫ ∑∂ºπ ’Ω∞ª¨π ™∂µª®™ª ™∂µª∞- 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ (ª®≥∞®µ ≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π∫ ®π¨ ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª≥¿ ∫∑∂πª∫ ™®π∫ µº¨≥ ¨µªπ¨ ≥® ™®ππ∂∫∫¨π∞¨ ¨ª ≥® ¥®—∂µµ¨π∞¨. ∞µ∫∞ ≥¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ æØ∞™Ø Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ©¨ ™∂¥∑®™ª ®∫ ªØ¨¿ æ∂º≥´ ≥∂∂∫¨ ∑¨π≠∂π¥®µ™¨ ≥ºø¨∫ ∞ª®≥∞¨µµ¨∫ ∫∂µª, ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ ∑≥º∑®πª, Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ´¨ ∫∑∂πª ∏º¨ ∞≠ ª∂∂ غƨ. ∫∂µª ™¨µ∫’∫ ◊ªπ¨ ™∂¥∑®™ª. (≥∫ ∑¨π´π¨µª ≥¨ºπ π¨µ´¨¥¨µª ∫∞ ªπ∂∑ Æπ®µ´. !ºª, ∫ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ≥¿, ªØ¨π¨ Ø®Ω¨ ®≥殿∫ ©¨¨µ ≥∞µ≤∫ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®µ´ (ª®≥¿, ®µ´ ªØ∞∫ ™∂∂∑¨π®ª∞∂µ ≥¨´ ª∂ ∫∂¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ,®∞∫, ∏º¨≥≥¨ ∫ºπ∑π∞∫¨, ∞≥ ¿ ®Ω®∞ª ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ≥¨∫ ≥∞¨µ∫ ¨µªπ¨ "®´∞≥- ≠∞µ¨∫ª ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ π¨∫º≥ª∫ ¨Ω¨π. 1959 $≥´∂π®´∂ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ≥®™ ¨ª ≥’(ª®≥∞¨ ¨ª ≥® ™∂∂∑’π®ª∞∂µ ∑π∂´º∞∫®∞ª ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ ºµ∫ ´¨∫ æ®∫ ∑π¨-®∫∫¨¥©≥¨´ ∞µ (ª®≥¿ ®µ´ ªØ¨µ ≠≥¨æµ ª∂ #¨ªπ∂∞ª ≠∂𠥨∞≥≥¨ºπ∫ π’∫º≥ª®ª∫. +’$≥´∂π®´∂ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ´¨ 1959 ’ª®∞ª ®∫- ≠∞µ®≥ ∑π∂™¨∫∫∞µÆ. &∞∂πÆ∞∂ &∞ºÆ∞®π∂ æ∞ªØ Ø∞∫ ≠∞π¥ (ª®≥ #¨∫∞Ƶ ∫¨¥©≥’ ¨µ (ª®≥∞¨ ∑º∞∫ ¨µΩ∂¿’ ∑®π ®Ω∞∂µ √ #¨ªπ∂∞ª ∑∂ºπ ≠∞µ®≥∞- æ®∫ ¨µÆ®Æ¨´ ª∂ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑ ªØ¨ ∫º∑¨π∞∂π ∞µª¨π∞∂π ´¨∫∞Ƶ ≠∂π ∫®ª∞∂µ. &∞∂πÆ∞∂ &∞ºÆ∞®π∂ ¨ª ∫∂µ ¨µªπ¨∑π∞∫¨ (ª®≥ #¨∫∞Ƶ ’ª®∞ª 1990 %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2∞øª¿ 2∑¨™∞®≥ æ∞ªØ ∞ª∫ ¥¨π∞™®µ æ®≥µºª ¨µÆ®Æ’ √ ´’Ω¨≥∂∑∑¨π ºµ ´¨∫∫∞µ ∫º∑’π∞¨ºπ ∑∂ºπ ≥’∞µª’π∞¨ºπ¨ ´¨ æ∂∂´ ∞µ≥®¿∫ ®µ´ ∑®πª∞™º≥®π ≥¨®ªØ¨π ®∑∑≥∞™®ª¨´ ∫¨®ª∫. $Ω¨µ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2∞øª¿ 2∑¨™∞®≥ ´¨ 1990 ®Ω¨™ ¥®π∏º¨ª¨π∞¨ ´¨ µ∂¿¨π ∞µ ªØ¨ 21∫ª ™¨µªºπ¿, "®´∞≥≥®™ ™∂-∂∑¨π®ª¨´ æ∞ªØ !Ω≥Æ®π∞ ª∂ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨ ¨ª ∫¨≥≥¨π∞¨ ´¨ ™º∞π ∫∑’™∞®≥. #®µ∫ ≥¨ ∫∞÷™≥¨ 21¨¥¨ π¨≠∞µ¨ ´®∫Ø ´¨∫∞Ƶ ®´´∞µÆ ∫∂¥¨ ¨øªπ® ≥ºøºπ¿ ª∂º™Ø ª∂ ¥◊¥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ªπ®Ω®∞≥≥®∞ª ®Ω¨™ !Ω≥Æ®π∞ ® ®¥’≥∞∂π¨π ≥® ª®©≥¨ ´¨ #¨ªπ∂∞ª ∞π∂µ. ∫∞´¨ ∂≠ &,‘∫ ®™ª∞Ω∞ª∞¨∫, ªØ¨π¨ æ¨π¨ ©∂π´ ¨ª ´∂µµ¨π ºµ¨ ª∂º™Ø¨ ´¨ ≥ºø¨ ®º ≠¨π ´¨ #¨ªπ∂∞ª. º-´¨≥√ ®≠ª¨π¥®π≤¨ª ∫∂≥ºª∞∂µ∫ ∫º™Ø ®∫ &º™™∞ ∑®™≤®Æ¨∫ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π¨´ ©¿ ´¨∫ ®™ª∞Ω∞ª’∫ ´¨ &¨µ¨π®≥ ,∂ª∂π∫, ∞≥ ¿ ®Ω®∞ª ´¨∫ ∫∂≥ºª∞∂µ∫ ®∑π÷∫- %≥∂π∞´® "®´∞≥≥®™ #¨®≥¨π !𮥮µ, ,∞®¥∞, æبπ¨ &º™™∞ Ω¨µª¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨∫ π®≠≠∞µ¨¥¨µª∫ &º™™∞ ≥∞Ωπ’∫ ∑®π ≥’®Æ¨µª "®´∞≥- ´¨∫∞Ƶ¨´ Ω∞µ¿≥ ª∂∑∫, ≥¨®ªØ¨π ∞µ∫¨πª∫ ®µ´ ® ¥®ª™Ø∞µÆ &º™™∞ ≥®™ !𮥮µ ´¨ ,∞®¥∞ ∂º &º™™∞ ´’∫∞Ƶ® ≥¨∫ ™®∑∂ª∫ ¨µ Ω¿µ∞≥, ∫º∞ª™®∫¨ ∫¨ª ¥®´¨ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨Ω¨µ ¥∂π¨ π¨≠∞µ¨´ ªØ®µ ªØ¨ ®´´∞ª∞∂µ∫ ¨µ ™º∞𠨪 ∫¨ª∫ ´¨ Ω®≥∞∫¨∫ &º™™∞ ∑∂ºπ ≠®∞π¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ©®∫¨ Ω¨π∫∞∂µ. ¨µ™∂π¨ ∑≥º∫ π®≠≠∞µ’ ∏º¨ ≥® Ω¨π∫∞∂µ ´¨ ©®∫¨.

3بπ¨≠∂π¨, æ¨ ™Ø∂∫¨ ≥≥®µª÷ ®∫ „(ª®≥∞®µ“ "®´∞≥≥®™ ©¨™®º∫¨ .µ ™Ø∂∞∫∞ª, ´∂µ™, ≥’ ≥≥®µª÷ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ‘(ª®≥∞®µ’ ∑®π™¨ ªØ∞∫ ™®π π¨∫¨¥©≥¨∫ ®´Ω®µ™¨´ ∑π∂´º™ª∞∂µ ®µ´ µ∂©≥¨-¥∞µ´¨´ ∏º¨ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ π¨∑π’∫¨µª¨ ´¨∫ ∫¿∫ª÷¥¨∫ ´¨ ∑π∂´º™ª∞∂µ ®Ω®µ- π¨∫º≥ª∫ ∑®∞π∞µÆ ∫º∑¨π© &, ª¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ¿ æ∞ªØ ∫º∑¨π© (ª®≥∞®µ ™’∫ ¨ª π’∫º≥ª®ª∫ µ∂©≥¨∫ ∏º∞ ™∂¥©∞µ¨µª ≥® ª¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ∞¨ ∫º∑¨π©¨ Ø®µ´™π®≠ª∞µÆ. $®™Ø ≥≥®µª÷ æ®∫ ®∫∫¨¥©≥¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ (ª®≥ #¨∫∞Ƶ ´¨ &, ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ¥’ª∞¨π ∫º∑¨π©¨ ´’(ª®≥∞¨. "Ø®∏º¨ ≥≥®µª÷ ’ª®∞ª ∑≥®µª ∞µ 3∂π∞µ∂, (ª®≥¿, ®µ´ ∫¨µª ª∂ #¨ªπ∂∞ª ©¿ ∫∑¨™∞≠∞™®≥≥¿ ®∫∫¨¥©≥’ ´®µ∫ ≥’º∫∞µ¨ (ª®≥#¨∫∞Ƶ ¨µ 3ºπ∞µ, (ª®≥∞¨, ¨µ ¨µΩ∂¿’ √ ¨∏º∞∑∑¨´ ≠π¨∞Æت !∂¨∞µÆ 747 ≠∂π ™∂¥∑≥¨ª∞µÆ ®∫∫¨¥©≥¿. #¨ªπ∞∂ª ∑∂ºπ ≠∞µ∞ª∞∂µ ∑®π ºµ !∂¨∞µÆ 747 ´¨ ∑π’∑®π®ª∞∂µ ∫∑’- ™∞®≥. #¨∫∞Ƶ ∂≠ ≥≥®µª÷ ∫Ø∂æ∫ ´¨™∞∫∞Ω¨ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∫ª¿≥¨ ®∫ ∞ª ∞∫ ™π∞∫∑, ™∂¥∑®™ª ®µ´ ∫∑∂πª¿. 3®∞≥≥∞Æت∫ ®´´ ® ≥ºøºπ¿ ª∂º™Ø +¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ ´¨ ≥’ ≥≥®µª÷ ¥∂µªπ¨ ºµ ∫ª¿≥¨ ´’™∞∫∞Ω¨¥¨µª ¨ºπ∂∑’¨µ ©¨™®º∫¨ ªØ¨ π¨´ π¨≠≥¨™ª∂π∫ ®π¨ ¨¥©¨´´¨´ ∞µ ® ™Øπ∂¥¨ ∑®ªª¨πµ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ™’¨∫ª ªπ®µ™Ø®µª, ™∂¥∑®™ª¨ ¨ª ∫∑∂πª∞≠. +¨∫ ≠¨ºø ®ππ∞- ∫Ø∞µ∞µÆ ≥∞≤¨ ±¨æ¨≥π¿. 3غ∫ ≥≥®µª÷ ∑ºª∫ ∫∂¥¨ ®´´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ ÷π¨∫ ®±∂ºª¨µª ºµ¨ ª∂º™Ø¨ ´¨ ≥ºø¨ ™®π ∞≥∫ ∫∂µª ∞µ™πº∫ª’∫ ®Ω¨™ ∫Ø∞µ¨ ∂µ ∞ª∫ ®∑∑¨®π®µ™¨. )º∫ª ªØ¨ π∞Æت ™®π ≠∂π ™πº∞∫∞µÆ ∂∑¨µ ºµ ´¨∫∫∞µ ¨µ ™Øπ∂¥¨ ∏º∞ ©π∞≥≥¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ´¨∫ ±∂¿¨ºø. ∞µ∫∞ ®∞π ´∂æµ ªØ¨ ∫ªπ¨¨ª ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ ™≥∞≠≠∫ ∂≠ 2∂π𨵪∂ ∑¨µ∞µ∫º≥® ª∂ ≥’ ≥≥®µª÷ ´∂µµ¨ ¨µ™∂π¨ ´¨ ©π∞≥≥®µ™¨ √ ∫∂µ ®∫∑¨™ª. +® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¥®≥≠∞, ¥¨πÆ∞µÆ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥ ™∂®∫ª æ∂π≥´æ∞´¨ æ∞ªØ ∞´’®≥¨ ∑∂ºπ ©®≥®´¨π ¨µ ∑≥¨∞µ¨ ®∞π¨ ∑®π ≥¨∫ πº¨∫ ¨ª ≠®≥®∞∫¨∫ ´¨ ≥® ªØ¨ º≥ª∞¥®ª¨ ™∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨. .π ªØ¨ ªπ∞∑ ©®™≤ ª∂ 1∂¥¨, ¨µ±∂¿∞µÆ ∑’µ∞µ∫º≥¨ ´¨ 2∂π𨵪∂ √ ¥®≥≠∞. 4µ¨ ™∂¥©∞µ®∞∫∂µ ´¨ ≥® ™Łª¨ ªØ¨ ∑∂æ¨π≠º≥ ∫º∑¨π-∫∞≥¨µª 58 ∂µ ªØ¨ (ª®≥∞®µ „ ºª∂∫ªπ®´® ∑≥º∫ ©¨≥≥¨ ´º ¥∂µ´¨ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ™®©π∞∂≥¨ª º≥ª∞¥¨. .º ∫ºπ ≥¨ π¨ª∂ºπ ´¨≥ 2∂≥¨“, ®∑∑π∂®™Ø∞µÆ 1∂¥¨ ´∂浪∂æµ ∑®∫∫∞µÆ æ∂π≥´- √ 1∂¥¨, ≥¨ ∑≥®∞∫∞π ´º ∑º∞∫∫®µª ¨ª ∫º∑¨π ∫∞≥¨µ™∞¨ºø 5-8 ∫ºπ « ≠®¥∂º∫ ®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ©¿ !¨πµ∞µ∞ ®µ´ !𮥮µª¨ æØ∞≥¨ ≥’ ºª∂∫ªπ®´® ´¨≥ 2∂≥¨ » ∑®∫∫®µª ≥’®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ´¨ π¨µ∂¥¥¨ ´¨ ∫¥¨≥≥∞µÆ ªØ¨ ∫∑∞™¿ ≠π®Æπ®µ™¨ ∂≠ ™¿∑π¨∫∫¨∫ ®µ´ ∑∞µ¨∫ ≠≥∂æ∞µÆ !¨πµ∞µ∞ ¨ª !𮥮µª¨ ®º ¥◊¥¨ ª¨¥∑∫ ∫®Ω∂ºπ®µª ≥¨∫ ≠π®Æπ®µ- ∞µ ªØ¨ ª®∫ª¨≠º≥≥¿ ´¨∫∞Ƶ¨´ ∞µª¨π∞∂π ®π¨®... ™¨∫ ´¨ ™¿∑π÷∫ ¨ª ∑∞µ∫ ´®µ∫ ≥’Ø®©∞ª®™≥¨ ´’ºµ Æ∂ݪ ∫º∑¨π©¨…. 12 Austria: Cadillac Eldorado Biarritz 8∂º ¥®¿ ®∫≤ æØ¿ 5∂º∫ ´¨Ω∞¨¡ ´¨- æ¨ ®π¨ ´∞∫∑≥®¿∞µÆ ¥®µ´¨π ∑∂ºπ∏º∂∞ ®µ „ º∫ªπ∞®µ“ "®- ∂µ ¥∂µªπ¨ ºµ "®- ´∞≥≥®™ ®∫ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ´∞≥≥®™ « ®ºªπ∞™Ø∞¨µ ≥∂™®≥ "®´∞≥≥®™ "≥º© » ∏º®µ´ ∞≥ µ’¿ ® ªØ¨π¨. º∫ªπ∞®µ ≠¨≥- ∑®∫ ≥√ ºµ "≥º© ≥∂æ∫ ™Ø∂∂∫¨ ¨∞ªØ¨π "®´∞≥≥®™. +¨∫ ƨµ∫ ® "+" ¥¨¥©¨π- ´’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨ ™Ø∂∞- ∫Ø∞∑ ∂π ªØ¨¿ ±∂∞µ ∫∞∫∫¨µª ´’◊ªπ¨ ®´- ªØ¨ &¨π¥®µ "≥®∫- Ø’π¨µª ∂º ®º "+", ∫∞™ "®´∞≥≥®™ "≥º© ∂º ®º "≥º© "®´∞≥- ("""#). '∂æ¨Ω¨π, ≥®™ "≥®∫∫∞∏º¨ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ ∂µ¨ ∑®πª∞- ´’ ≥≥¨¥®Æµ¨ ™º≥®π ®πƺ¥¨µª: ("""#). ,®∞∫ ∞≥ ¿ $Ω¨π¿ ¿¨®π ®ª ªØ¨ ® ºµ ®πƺ¥¨µª ¨µ´ ∂≠ ºÆº∫ª, ∞ª‘∫ ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª: ±º∫ª º∫ªπ∞® æب- ™Ø®∏º¨ ®µµ’¨ ® ≥® π¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨µªØº- ≠∞µ ´º ¥∂∞∫ ´’®∂ݪ ∫∞®∫ª∫ ∂≠ º∑ ª∂ 14 ™’¨∫ª ¨µ ≥’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ™∂ºµ- ≥¨∫ ∑®∫∫∞∂µµ’∫ ´¨ ªπ∞¨∫ Æ®ªØ¨π ®ª ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨ ±º∫∏º¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ !∞Æ¥¨¨ª 14 ∑®¿∫ ¨ºπ∂- ∞µ *π¨¥∫¥Şµ∫ª¨π µ¨®π 2®≥¡©ºπÆ. (ª‘∫ ªØ¨ Ø∞ÆØ≥∞Æت ∂≠ $ºπ∂- ∑’¨µ∫ ∫¨ π’ºµ∞∫∫¨µª ®º "®´∞≥≥®™ !∞Æ ,¨¨ª ® *π¨¥∫¥ºµ∫ª¨π, ∑¨®µ ™πº∞∫∞µÆ ∫º¥¥¨π, ®µ´ ∞µ 2009 ªØ¨π¨ æ¨π¨ 140 "®´∞≥- ∑π÷∫ ´¨ 2®≥¡©ºπÆ. "’¨∫ª ≥¨ ∑∂∞µª Ø®ºª ´¨ ≥’’ª’ ´¨ ©®≥®´¨ ¨ª ¨µ ≥®™∫ ∞µ ® ™≥¨®π≥¿ ®©∂Ω¨ ®Ω¨π®Æ¨ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ ª∂ ®ªª¨µ´. 2009 ∞≥ ¿ ®Ω®∞ª 140 "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ¨µ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ ∑≥º∫ Ø®ºª ∏º¨ ≥® ¥∂¿¨µµ¨ ´’®∫∫∞∫ª¨π. 3ب ¥®µ ©¨Ø∞µ´ ªØ∞∫ ∫ª∂π¿ ∂≠ ∫º™™¨∫∫ ∞∫ "+" ®µ´ """# ¥¨¥©¨π &¨∂πÆ /≠¨∞≠≠¨π, ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ªØ∞∫ „!∞Æ¥¨¨ª“ ∑¨π≠¨™ª- +’Ø∂¥¥¨ ´¨ππ∞÷π¨ ™¨ª Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ´¨ π’º∫∫∞ ¨∫ª ºµ ®´Ø’𨵪 ®º ≥¿ ®µ´ ∂浨π ∂≠ ªæ∂ 1959 ®µ´ 1961 $≥´∂π®´∂ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ "∂µ- "+" ¨ª ®º """# : &¨∂πÆ /≠¨∞≠≠¨π. (≥ ∂πÆ®µ∞∫¨ ≥¨ !∞Æ ,¨¨ª ® Ω¨πª∞©≥¨∫ æØ∞™Ø ®∑∑¨®π ®∫ ∞≠ ªØ¨¿ Ø®´ ≥¨≠ª ®∫∫¨¥©≥¿ ≥∞µ¨ ∑¨π≠¨™ª∞∂µ ¨ª ∞≥ ¨∫ª ∑π∂∑π∞’ª®∞π¨ ´¨ ´¨ºø $≥´∂π®´∂ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ∂µ≥¿ ≠∞Ω¨ ¥∞µºª¨∫ ®Æ∂. 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ æ¨ Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ®∫∫∞Ƶ $≥´∂π®- "®©π∞∂≥¨ª∫, ´¨ 1959 ¨ª ´¨ 1961 ∏º∞ ∫¨¥©≥¨µª ´¨ ∫∂πª∞π ´¨ ≥® ´∂ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ª∂ º∫ªπ∞®. 3Ø∞∫ ™Ø∂∞™¨ ®≥∫∂ ¥®ª™Ø¨∫ ªØ∞∫ ™∂ºµ- ≥∞Ƶ¨ ´¨ ¥∂µª®Æ¨ Ω∂∞≥® ™∞µ∏ ¥∞µºª¨∫. .µ ®, ´∂µ™, ®∫∫∞Ƶ’ ªπ¿ Ø®Ω∞µÆ ® ≠∞µ¨ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ∂≠ µ∂©≥¨, ª®∫ª¨≠º≥ ®µ´ ≥∞©¨π®≥- ≥’$≥´∂π®´∂ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ √ ≥’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨. +® ™Ø∂∞ø ∫’®™™∂π´¨ ®º ∑®¿∫, ¥∞µ´¨´ ∫ª¿≥¨ ´¨π∞Ω∞µÆ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ∑®∫ª æØ¨π¨ º∫ªπ∞® ∞µ ªØ¨ ∏º∞ ® ºµ¨ ©∂µµ¨ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ´¨ ∫ª¿≥¨, µ∂©≥¨, ´¨ ©∂µ Æ∂ݪ, ¨ª ª∞¥¨ ∂≠ '®©∫©ºπÆ ¨¥∑¨π∂π∫ ¥¨≥ª¨´ ® Ω®∫ª µº¥©¨π ∂≠ ¥∞µ´- ≥∞©’π®≥, ∏º∞ ´®ª¨ ´º ∑®∫∫’ ∏º®µ´ ≥’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨ ® ≥’’∑∂∏º¨ ´¨∫ ∫¨ª∫ Æ∞Ω∞µÆ ¨∞ªØ¨π 2®≥¡©ºπÆ ∂π 5∞¨µµ® ∂π ∂ªØ¨π º∫ªπ∞®µ $¥∑¨π¨ºπ∫ '®©∫©ºπÆ ¥’≥®µÆ¨® ºµ Æπ®µ´ µ∂¥©π¨ ´¨∫ ∑¨µ- ≥∂™®ª∞∂µ∫ ®∫ !π¨Æ¨µ¡ ∂π !®´Æ®∫ª¨∞µ ®µ ∞µª¨πµ®ª∞∂µ®≥ ≠≥®∞π. ∫’¨∫ ´∂µµ®µª ®∞µ∫∞ ® 2®≥¡©ºπÆ ∂º 5∞¨µµ¨ ∂º ´¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ Ω∞≥- ≥¨∫ ®ºªπ∞™Ø∞¨µµ¨∫ ™∂¥¥¨ !π¨Æ¨µ¡ ∂º !®´Æ®∫ª¨∞µ ºµ¨ ®∞π¨ 3Ø∞∫ ®≥≥∂æ∫ ª∂ π¨≠¨π ª∂ ªØ¨ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ªØ¨¥¨ æØ∞™Ø ∞µ ª¨π¥∫ ∂≠ ∞µª¨πµ®ª∞∂µ®≥. "®´∞≥≥®™ ¥¨®µ∫ ªØ®ª ¨Ω¨µ ªØ¨ ∫º¥¥∞ª ≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π ∂≠ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ™®µ ©¨ ≠ºπªØ¨π ¨µØ®µ™¨´: (µ ® !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ¿∂º æ∞≥≥ µ∂ª .µ ∑®∫∫¨ ®º ªØ÷¥¨ ´º !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ∏º∞, ¨µ ª¨π¥¨∫ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™, ∂µ≥¿ ≠∞µ´ ®µ¿ ∞¥®Æ∞µ®©≥¨ ≥ºøºπ¿ ©ºª ®≥∫∂ ®µ¿ ºµ∞¥®Æ∞- ∫∞Ƶ∞≠∞¨ ∏º¨ ¥◊¥¨ ≥® ∑≥º∫ ≥ºø¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´º ,∂µ´¨ ∑∂ºππ®∞ª µ®©≥¨ ®µ´ ∞µ™π¨´∞©≥¨ ¨∏º∞∑¥¨µª. (ª‘∫ µ∂ ™∂∞µ™∞´¨µ™¨ ªØ®ª ◊ªπ¨ ¨µ™∂π¨ ®¥’≥∞∂π’. 2ºπ ≥¨ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ Ω∂º∫ µ¨ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π¨¡ ª∂º- ªØ∞∫ ¨ø™¨∑ª∞∂µ®≥ ™®π æ®∫ ´º©©¨´ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ©¨™®º∫¨ ® ∫¨®∫∞´¨ ª¨∫ ≥¨∫ ≥ºø¨∫ ∞¥®Æ∞µ®©≥¨∫, ¥®∞∫ ®º∫∫∞ ´’’∏º∞∑¨¥¨µª ∞µ∞¥®- π¨∫∂πª ≥∞≤¨ ªØ∞∫ ∑≥®™¨ ∞µ %π¨µ™Ø ª≥®µª∞™ ™∂®∫ª æ∞ªØ ∞ª∫ ´∞∫- Æ∞µ®©≥¨ ¨ª ∞µ™π∂¿®©≥¨. "¨ µ’¨∫ª ∑®∫ ∑®π Ø®∫®π´ ∏º¨ ≥® Ω∂∞ªº- ª∞µ™ª∞Ω¨ „≠∞µ ´¨ ∫∞¨™≥¨“- ∫ª¿≥¨´ ¨≥¨Æ®µ™¨ ®µ´ Æ𮙨 ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∫ π¨ ’ª®∞ª µ∂¥¥’ !∞®ππ∞ª¡ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ºµ π¨∫∫∂πª ©®≥µ’®∞π¨ ™∂¥- ªØ¨ ∑¨π≠¨™ª ∫ª®Æ¨ ≠∂π ™®π∫ ∂≠ ªØ∞∫ ≤∞µ´. 3غ∫, º∫ªπ∞® ®µ´ ¥¨ ™¨ ≥∞¨º ∫ºπ ≥® ™Łª¨ ®ª≥®µª∞∏º¨ ≠π®µ—®∞∫ ®Ω¨™ ≥’’≥’Æ®µ™¨ « %π®µ™¨ ≠∞µ´ ® ™∂¥¥∂µ ´¨µ∂¥∞µ®ª∂π ∞µ ªØ∞∫ ¥®πΩ¨≥≥∂º∫ ™®π. ≠∞µ ´¨ ∫∞÷™≥¨ » ≥∞Ωπ¨ ºµ¨ ∫™÷µ¨ ∞´’®≥¨ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ´¨ ™¨ªª¨ ª¿∑¨. +’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨ ¨ª ≥® %π®µ™¨, ´∂µ™, ªπ∂ºΩ¨µª ºµ ´’µ∂- º∫ªπ∞®µ π∂®´∫ ®≥≥∂æ ¨Ω¨π¿ "®´∞≥≥®™ ª∂ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π ªØ¨ ºª- ¥∞µ®ª¨ºπ ™∂¥¥ºµ ∫ºπ ™¨ªª¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´¨ ¥¨πΩ¨∞≥≥¨. ¥∂∫ª ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ∑≥¨®∫ºπ¨. 3ب ™∂µªπ®∫ª ∂≠ ≥®≤¨∫ ¥∞ππ∂π∞µÆ ªØ¨ ®´±∂∞µ∞µÆ ¥∂ºµª®∞µ∫ ®µ´ ∑∞™ª∂π¨∫∏º¨ Ω∞≥≥®Æ¨∫ ∂≠ª¨µ +¨∫ ™Ø®º∫∫’∫ ´’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨ ´∂µµ¨µª √ ™Ø®∏º¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™∂¥∑≥¨¥¨µª¨´ ©¿ غƨ ¥∂µ®∫ª¨π∞¨∫ ∂Ω¨π≥∂∂≤∞µÆ ≠¨πª∞≥¨ ≥’∂™™®∫∞∂µ ® ∂≠≠π∞π ≥¨ ¥®ø∞¥º¥ ´¨ ∑≥®∞∫∞π ´¨ ™∂µ´º∞ª. (≥ ¿ ® ≥¨ ª¨ππ∞ª∂π∞¨∫ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∞µÆ ¨ø™¨≥≥¨µª æ∞µ¨∫ ®µ´ ≠∂∂´. 3بπ¨ ∞∫ ™∂µªπ®∫ª¨ ¨µªπ¨ ≥¨∫ ≥®™∫ ∏º∞ ¥∞π∂∞ª¨µª ≥¨∫ ¥∂µª®Æµ¨∫ √ ™Łª’, µ¨®π≥¿ µ∂ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ ¥∂π¨ ∫º∑¨π© ªØ®µ ª∂ ¨µ±∂¿ ªØ¨∫¨ ≥¨∫ Ω∞≥≥®Æ¨∫ ∑∞ªª∂π¨∫∏º¨∫, ∫∂ºΩ¨µª ™∂¥∑≥∞¥¨µª’∫ ∑®π ≥¨∫ ∑®µ∂π®¥∞™ Ω∞¨æ∫ ®µ´ ®ª ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ ¥∂¥¨µª ∫¥¨≥≥∞µÆ ªØ¨ Ω®∫ª¨∫ ¥∂µ®∫ª÷π¨∫ ∏º∞ ´∂µµ¨µª ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ª¨ππ®∞µ∫ ≠¨πª∞≥¨∫ ´º ≠≥®Ω∂π ∂≠ ™∂¡¿ ≠∂π¨∫ª∫ - º∫ªπ∞®, ® ™∂ºµªπ¿ ™π¨®ª¨´ ≠∂π "®- Ω∞µ ¨ø™¨≥≥¨µª ¨ª ´¨µπ’¨∫. (≥ ¿ ¨µ ® ∑¨º ´’¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨ ∑≥º∫ ¥®- ´∞≥≥®™∫. Ƶ∞≠∞∏º¨ ∏º¨ ©’µ’≠∞™∞¨π ´¨∫ Ωº¨∫ ∫º∑¨π©¨∫ ®º ¥◊¥¨ ª¨¥∑∫ ´¨ ∫¨µª∞π ≥¨ ∑®π≠º¥ ´¨∫ ≠∂π¨ª∫. +’ ºªπ∞™Ø¨, ºµ ∑®¿∫ ≠®∞ª ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™. 13 Germany: Cadillac XLR

&¨π¥®µ ¥∂ª∂π ±∂ºπµ®≥∞∫ª∫ ∑π¨≠¨π ªØ¨ æ∂π´ „∑π¨¥∞º¥“ ≠∂π +¨∫ ±∂ºπµ®≥∞∫ª¨∫ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´∫ ∑π’≠÷𨵪 ≥¨ ¥∂ª ∑π¨¥∞º¥ ∑∂ºπ ™®π∫ ≥¨®Ω∞µÆ &¨π¥®µ ®∫∫¨¥©≥¿ ≥∞µ¨∫. 3ب¿ ¨∏º®ª¨ ªØ∞∫ ª¨π¥ ≥¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ∏º∞ ∫∂𪨵ª ≥¨∫ ≥∞Ƶ¨∫ ´’®∫∫¨¥©≥®Æ¨∫ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´∫. æ∞ªØ ∏º®≥∞ª∞¨∫ ∂≠ ∫∑∂πª, ∑∂æ¨π, π∂®´Ø∂≥´∞µÆ ®µ´ ∫ª∂µ¨-®Æ¨´ /∂ºπ ¨ºø, ™¨ ¥∂ª ∑∂πª ≥¨∫ ∏º®≥∞ª’∫ ´¨ ∫∑∂πª, ´º ∑º∞∫∫®µ™¨, ´¨ ∫º∫∑¨µ∫∞∂µ∫ æØ∞™Ø ¥®≤¨ ∫º™Ø „∑π¨¥∞º¥“ ™®π∫ ∞µº∫®©≥¨ ¥®µ∞®©∞≥∞ª’ ¨ª ∫º∫∑¨µ∫∞∂µ ´¨ ≥’ ƨ ´¨ /∞¨ππ¨ ∏º∞ ≠∂µª ™¨∫ ≠∂π ¨Ω¨π¿´®¿ º∫¨ ∞≠ ¿∂º ∫Ø∂º≥´µ‘ª ©¨ π®µ´∂¥≥¿ ® π®™∞µÆ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ∑π¨¥∞º¥ ∞µº∫®©≥¨∫ ∫∞ Ω∂º∫ µ’¨∫ª ∑®∫, ∑®π Ø®∫®π´, ºµ ´π∞Ω¨π. #∞≠≠∞™º≥ª ª∂ ≠∞µ´ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ π¨∫¨¥©≥∞µÆ ªØ¨∫¨ ∏º®≥∞ª∞¨∫ ∑∞≥∂ª ´¨ ™∂ºπ∫¨. "’¨∫ª ´∞≠≠∞™∞≥¨ √ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®Ω¨™ ™¨∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ 𮙨ªπ®™≤ ∂π ªØ¨ &¨π¥®µ „ ºª∂©®Øµ“. ∏º®≥∞ª’∫ ´º ™∞π™º∞ª ∂º ºª∂©®Øµ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´.

!ºª ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ ∂µ¨ ¥®ª™Ø. 7+1, π∂≥≥∞µÆ ∂≠≠ ªØ¨ "∂πΩ¨ªª¨ ∑≥®µª ,®∞∫ ∞≥ ¿ ¨µ ® ºµ. +’7+1, ∫∂𪮵ª ´¨ ≥’º∫∞µ¨ "∂πΩ¨ªª¨ ® !∂æ- ∞µ !∂æ≥∞µÆ &𨨵, *¨µªº™≤¿, ™∂¥©∞µ¨∫ &¨π¥®µ ≥∞µÆ &𨨵, *¨µªº™≤¿, ™∂¥©∞µ¨ ≥® ¥®µ∞®©∞≥∞ª’ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´¨ π∂®´Ø∂≥´∞µÆ æ∞ªØ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫∑≥¨µ´∂π ®≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ∫∑≥¨µ´¨ºπ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º∞ ´∂µµ¨ ≥¨∫ ™Ø®º≠≠¨ºπ∫ ®≥≥¨- ´π∞Ω¨π∫ ª∂ π¨∑≥®™¨ ªØ¨∞π 2+ 2-™≥®∫∫ π∂®´∫ª¨π æ∞ªØ ®µ 7+1. ¥®µ´∫ ≥’∂™™®∫∞∂µ ´¨ π¨¥∑≥®™¨π ≥¨ºπ∫ 2+ ™≥®∫∫¨-2 π∂®´∫ª¨π ®Ω¨™ 7+1 ®≥∫∂ ´∂¨∫ π¨≠≥¨™ª ® µ¨æ ¨π® ∂≠ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ´¨∫∞Ƶ ©¨∞µÆ ºµ 7+1. +’7+1 π¨∑π’∫¨µª¨ ºµ¨ ÷π¨ µ¨ºΩ¨ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ ´¨ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ´∞∫∑≥®™∞µÆ ªØ¨ „®πª&∫™∞¨µ™¨“ ∫ª¿≥∞µÆ ≥’®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ ∑π¨¥∞¨π "®´∞≥≥®™ ´’®©®µ´∂µµ¨π ≥¨ æØ∞™Ø π¨∑≥®™¨´ ∫∂≠ª ™ºπΩ¨∫ ©¿ ™π∞∫∑, π®¡∂π-¨´Æ¨ ∑π∂≠∞≥¨∫. ∫ª¿≥¨ « ®πª ¨ª ∫™∞¨µ™¨ » ´¨ ™∂ºπ©¨∫ ´∂º™¨∫ ∑∂ºπ ´¨∫ ∑π∂≠∞≥¨∫ #∞≠≠∞™º≥ª ≠∂π "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨µªØº∫∞®∫ª∫ ®∑∑π®∞∫∞µÆ ∫樨∑∞µÆ, ªπ®µ™Ø®µª∫ ¨ª ©∞¨µ ®≠≠∞≥’∫. "’¨∫ª ´∞≠≠∞™∞≥¨ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨∫ ∑®∫∫∞∂µµ’∫ ™≥®∫∫∞™ ≥∞µ¨∫ ®≥∂µÆ ª®≥≥ ™®π∫ ∑®¥∑¨π¨´ æ∞ªØ ™Øπ∂¥¨ ®™™¨µª∫. ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ Ø®©∞ªº’∫ ®ºø ≥∞Ƶ¨∫ ∂µ´º≥¨ºø ¨ª ™≥®∫∫∞∏º¨∫ ≥® !ºª ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ Ø∂æ ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≠∞ª∞¨∫ ¥®¿ Ø®Ω¨ ≥∂µÆ¨ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ¨¥©¨≥≥∞∫ ´¨∫ ®™™¨µª∫ ´¨ ™Øπ∂¥¨. ,®∞∫ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨´ ªØ¨ ¨Ω¨π-Æπ∂æ∞µÆ ª®∞≥≠∞µ∫ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ∂≠ ªØ∞∫ ∞¥®Æ∞µ∂µ∫ ™∂¥¥¨µª ≥¨∫ ™≥∞¨µª∫ ´¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’50 ´¨Ω®∞¨µª ¨π®. 2∂¥¨ª∞¥¨∫ ´¨∫∞Ƶ π¨Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ∫ µ¨¨´ ª∞¥¨ ≠∂𠩨∞µÆ ’∑π∂ºΩ’∫ ≥¨∫ ®∞≥¨π∂µ∫ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™, ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ∑≥º∫ Æπ®µ´∫. ºµ´¨π∫ª∂∂´. µ´ ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨, 7+1 π¨≠≥¨™ª∫ &¨π¥®µ Ω®≥º¨∫ ∂≠ /®π≠∂∞∫ ≥¨∫ π’Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ∫ ´¨∫ ´¨∫∫∞µ∫ ∂µª ©¨∫∂∞µ ´º ª¨¥∑∫ ®µ ºµ´¨π∫ª®ª¨´ ∫Ø®∑¨ ∑®™≤¨´ ¨µª∞π¨≥¿ ©¿ ®´Ω®µ™¨´ ´’◊ªπ¨ ¨µª¨µ´º∫. +’7+1, ´∂µ™, π¨≠≥÷ª¨ ≥¨∫ Ω®≥¨ºπ∫ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´∫ ª¨™Øµ∞™®≥ ≠¨®ªºπ¨∫ ®∫ ™∂≥∂π¨´ Ø¨®´-º∑ ´∞∫∑≥®¿, π∂®´ ∫¨µ∫∞µÆ ´’ºµ¨ ≠∂𥨠∫∂º∫-´¨™≥®π’ ¥®∞∫ ∑≥¨∞µ ´¨∫ ’≥’¥¨µª∫ ´º ª¨™Ø- ™∂¥∑ºª¨π-™∂µªπ∂≥≥¨´ ∫º∫∑¨µ∫∞∂µ ®µ´ ® ≠º≥≥¿ π¨ªπ®™ª®©≥¨ µ∂≥∂Æ∞¨ ®Ω®µ™’∫ ™∂¥¥¨ ب®´∫-º∑, ∫º∫∑¨µ∫∞∂µ ∫∂º∫ ™∂µªπ∂≥ Ø®π´ª∂∑ æØ∞™Ø ∞∫ Ω®µ∞∫Ø∞µÆ æ∞ªØ∂ºª ≥¨®Ω∞µÆ ® ªπ®™¨ ©¨™®º∫¨ ´’ ºµ ∂π´∞µ®ª¨ºπ ¨ª ºµ ™®∑∂ª ´’Ø®©∞ª®™≥¨ ™∂¥∑≥÷ª¨¥¨µª π’- ¨Ω¨µ ªØ¨ ©∂∂ª ™∂Ω¨π∫ ®π¨ ∞µª¨Æ𮪨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ ´¨∫∞Ƶ. µ´ ¨Ω¨µ ªπ®™ª®©≥¨ ¨ª ∞µΩ∞∫∞©≥¨ ∏º®µ´ ∞µ∫ª®≥≥’ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ™∂≠≠π¨. $ª ≥¨ π¨µ- ∑¨π≠∂π¥®µ™¨ ∂ºª™≥®∫∫¨∫ ¥∂∫ª &¨π¥®µ ∫∑∂πª∫ ™®π∫: /º∫Ø∞µÆ ´¨¥¨µª ¨∫ª ∫º∑’π∞¨ºπ ®º ∑≥º∑®πª ´¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ∫∑∂πª∞Ω¨∫ ®≥- ªØ¨ ≥¨Æ¨µ´®π¿ -∂πªØ2ª®π ∑∂æ¨πªπ®∞µ ´∂¨∫ ®≥≥∂æ ª∂ ≥¨®Ω¨ ≥¨¥®µ´¨∫. (µ∫∞∫ª®µª ∫ºπ ≥¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ≥’ƨµ´®∞π¨ -∂πªØ2ª®π ©¨Ø∞µ´ µ¨®π≥¿ ®≥≥ &¨π¥®µ ™®π∫ æØ∞™Ø ®π¨ ´∞¥∞µº∞∫ب´ ª∂ ≥®∞∫∫¨ ≥® ¥®±∂π∞ª’ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´¨∫ ™∂¥¥¨ ´¨∫ ∑¨ª∞ª∫ ∫¥®≥≥ ™∂≥∂π¨´ ∫∑∂ª∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ π¨®πΩ∞¨æ ¥∞ππ∂π ®≠ª¨π ∫∂¥¨ ∑∂∞µª∫ ´¨ ≥º¥∞÷π¨ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ π’ªπ∂Ω∞∫¨ºπ ∏º®µ´ ≥¨ -∂πªØ2ª®π ∫¨™∂µ´∫ æبµ -∂πªØ2ª®π ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª¨´ ∞µ∫ºπ¥∂ºµª®©≥¨ ¥∂µªπ¨ ∫® ∑º∞∫∫®µ™¨ ∞µ∫ºπ¥∂µª®©≥¨. ∑∂æ¨π. +’7+1, ´∂µ™, µ∂º∫ ∑¨π¥¨ª ´’’ª®©≥∞π ≥¨∫ π¨™∂π´∫ ® ≥® ©∂º™≥¨ 3غ∫, 7+1 ´∂¨∫ ®≥≥∂æ ª∂ ∫¨ª π¨™∂π´ ≥®∑∫ ®ª ªØ¨ µ∂πªØ¨πµ ∫¨∑ª¨µªπ∞∂µ®≥ ´º -ºπ©ºπÆπ∞µÆ, ≥¨ ™∞π™º∞ª ´¨ ™∂ºπ∫¨ ≥¨ ¥¨∞≥- ≥∂∂∑ ∂≠ -Şπ©ºπÆπ∞µÆ, &¨π¥®µ∫ ≠∞µ¨∫ª ®µ´ ¥∂∫ª ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ ≥¨ºπ¨ ¨ª ∑≥º∫ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥ ´’ ≥≥¨¥®Æµ¨ ; ¥®∞∫ ®∑π÷∫ ≥® ªπ®- 𨮙ªπ®™≤, ©ºª ®≠ª¨π ™π∂∫∫∞µÆ ªØ¨ ≠∞µ∞∫Ø ≥∞µ¨, 7+1 ™Ø®µÆ¨∫ Ω¨π∫¨ ´¨ ≥® ≥∞Ƶ¨ ≠∞µ®≥¨ ≥’7+1 ∫¨ π¨™∂µΩ¨πª∞ ¨µ™∂π¨ ®º ¥¨∞≥- ©®™≤ ª∂ ©¨∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ≥ºøºπ¿ ™∂®∫ª∞µÆ ´∂æµ ªØ¨ π∂®´ ∂µ ≥¨ºπ ≥ºø¨ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™. $≥≥¨ π∂º≥¨ ®º ´’©π®¿’ ∫ºπ ´¨∫ ∑®ªª¨∫ Ω¨≥Ω¨ª¿ ™®ª ∑®æ∫ æ∞ªØ∂ºª ®µ¿ µ∂∞∫¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∑∂æ¨πªπ®∞µ ¨Ω¨µ Ω¨≥∂ºπ∫ ´º ™Ø®ª ∫®µ∫ ®º™ºµ ©πº∞ª ´¨ ≥’¨µÆ∞µ, ¥◊¥¨ ´’™®∑∂- æ∞ªØ ª∂∑ ´∂æµ. "∂¥∑®π∞µÆ 7+1 ª∂ ®µ¿ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∂π ºµª∞≥ ª’. "∂¥∑®π¨π ≥’7+1 √ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º¨≥≥¨ ™∂µ™ºπ𨵪 ¨ª Ω∂º∫ ª∂´®¿ ¥®≤¨∫ ¿∂º ≠¨¨≥ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´∞≠≠¨π¨µ™¨. 7+1 ∞∫ ´¨≠∞µ∞µÆ Ω∂º∫ ´∂µµ¨π® ≥’∂™™®∫∞∂µ ´¨ ∫¨µª∞π ≥® ´∞≠≠’𨵙¨ "®´∞≥≥®™. ∑π¨¥∞º¥ ™≥®∫∫ ∞µ ¨Ω¨π¿ π¨∫∑¨™ª ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª∞µÆ ªØ®ª 4.2. +’7+1 ¨∫ª ≥® ´’≠∞µ∞ª∞∂µ ´¨ ≥® ™≥®∫∫¨ ∑π¨¥∞º¥ ¨µ ™Ø®∏º¨ π¨- ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ æ®∫ µ¨Ω¨π ¥®ª™Ø¨´ ©¿ &¨π¥®µ ∫∑¨™ª, ¥∂µªπ®µª ∏º¨ ≥’®πª ´¨ ≥’∞µÆ’µ∞¨ºπ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ µ’’ª®∞ª ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨π∫. ±®¥®∞∫ π∞Ω®≥∞∫’ ∑®π ≥¨∫ ≠®©π∞™®µª∫ ®≥≥¨¥®µ´∫. 14 CLASSIC CADILLAC CLUB GERMANY

Classic Cadillac Club Deutschland Oktavianstr. 4 50968 Köln

Club President: Wilhelm Döring (see picture left hand)

Vice President Thomas Pogrzeba Treasurer Günter Haas Event Coordinator Sigrid Hofmann

Date of founding:19 April 2008. Members: 193 members. Oldest Cadillac: 1937 Fleetwood ‘Convertible Sedan’. Newest Cadillac is a 2007 CTS Sedan Most common model: 1959 Coupé de Ville of which we have two. Club magazine is „Der STANDARD“ alluding to the „Standard of the World“ dvertizing theme. There are 3 issues with at least 40 pages each.

Six of our members are also members of the CLC in America.

15 Norway: Cadillac Sedan deVille

-∂π殿 ∞∫ +® -∂πΩ÷ƨ ¨∫ª ≤µ∂æµ ®∫ ∂µ¨ ™∂µµº ™∂¥¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ºµ ´¨∫ ∑≥º∫ ©¨≥ ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥ ∑®¿∫ ´’$ºπ∂∑¨ ™∂ºµªπ∞¨∫ ∂≠ Æπƒ™¨ ® ™¨ ∫¿¥- $ºπ∂∑¨ ´º¨ ª∂ ∑Ø∂µ∞¨ ´¨∫ π∂- ∞ª∫ ∫¿¥∑Ø∂µ¿ ™Ø¨∫ ∏º∞ ∫ºπÆ∞∫- ∂≠ π∂™≤∫ ∫¨µª ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ≠±∂π´∫ ≥∂∂¥∞µÆ ∂Ω¨π ´¨ Ω¨πª ≠∂µ™’∫. ´®π≤-Æ𨨵 +® -∂πΩ÷ƨ ¨∫ª ≠±∂π´∫. ®º∫∫∞ ≥¨ ∑®¿∫ ´¨ -∂π殿 ®≥∫∂ ≥ºø¨ ª®µ´∞∫ ∏º¨ ∞∫ ® ™∂ºµªπ¿ ∂≠ ∫® ∑π∂´º™ª∞∂µ ´¨ ≥ºøºπ¿ ®∫ ∂∞≥ ∑’ªπ∂≥¨ Æ’µ÷π¨ ∑π∂´º™ª∞∂µ ´¨∫ ©’µ’≠∞™¨∫ ƨµ¨π®ª¨∫ ∑∂ºπ ª∂ºª¨ ≥® ∑∂- ©¨µ¨≠∞ª∫ ≠∂π ®≥≥ ∑º≥®ª∞∂µ. ∞ª∫ ∞µØ®- ©∞ª®µª∫. ,®∞∫ ∞≥ ¿ ® ∑≥º∫. 5∂º∫ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π¨¡ !ºª ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ π∂º≥®µª ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ¥∂π¨. 8∂º π∂ºª¨∫ µ∂πΩ’Æ∞- æ∞≥≥ ≠¨¨≥ ªØ∞∫ ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ∂µ -∂πæ¨Æ∞®µ π∂ºª¨∫ ´¨ª¨™ª∞µÆ ªØ®ª ¨µµ¨∫ ≥® ≥∞¥∞ª¨ ´¨ Ω∞ª¨∫∫¨ ¨∫ª ’ª®©≥∞ª √ 90 *¥/بºπ, ∫ºπ∑®∫- ∫∑¨¨´ ≥∞¥∞ª ∞∫ ∫¨ª ª∂ 90 ≤¥/Ø, ªØº∫ ∫ºπ∑®∫∫∞µÆ ªØ¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ ∫®µª ®∞µ∫∞ ≥® ≠®¥¨º∫¨ ©®ππ∞÷π¨ ´¨ 55 ¥.∑.Ø. ∑®π ºµ ≠®∞©≥¨ ´¨ºø 55¥∑Ø ©®ππ∞¨π ©¿ ∂µ≥¿ ªæ∂ ≤¥/Ø. π∞™Ø ™∂ºµªπ¿, π¨≥®ø¨´ *¥/بºπ. 4µ ∑®¿∫ π∞™Ø¨, ´’™∂µªπ®™ª’ √ ™∂µ´º∞π¨, ≥® µ®ªºπ¨ ´π∞Ω∞µÆ, ∫∑≥¨µ´∞´ µ®ªºπ¨ - ©∂πµ ≠∂π "®´∞≥≥®™ ´π∞Ω∞µÆ! ∫∑≥¨µ´∞´¨ – µ®Áª ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ !

3بπ¨≠∂π¨ æ¨ ¨≥¨™ª¨´ 2¨´®µ ´¨5∞≥≥¨ ®∫ „-∂πæ¨Æ∞®µ“ .µ ®, ´∂µ™, ’≥º ≥¨ 2¨´®µ ´¨ 5∞≥≥¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ « µ∂πΩ’- "®´∞≥≥®™. #¨5∞≥≥¨ ∞∫ ∑π∂©®©≥¿ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª „ƨµº∞µ¨“ "®´∞≥≥®™ Æ∞¨µ ». +¨ « ´¨ 5∞≥≥¨ » ¨∫ª ∑π∂©®©≥¨¥¨µª ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ≥¨ ∑≥º∫ « ¨Ω¨π. (ª ∂π∞Æ∞µ®≥≥¿ æ®∫ ∂µ≥¿ ® µ®¥¨∑≥®ª¨ ∂µ ® 2¨π∞¨∫ 62 ®ºªØ¨µª∞∏º¨ » ∏º¨ ±®¥®∞∫. #’®©∂π´ ™¨ µ’’ª®∞ª ∏º’ºµ¨ ∑≥®∏º¨ æبµ ≥®ºµ™Ø¨´ ∞µ 1949 ©ºª ∫º©∫¨∏º¨µª≥¿ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¨´ ≠ºπªØ¨π ∫ºπ ºµ 2’π∞¨ 62 ´¨ 1949, ¥®∞∫ ∑≥º∫ ª®π´ ™’’ª®∞ª ´’Ω¨≥∂∑∑’ ´¨ ®µ´ ≠ºπªØ¨π ©¨™∂¥∞µÆ ®µ ∞µ´¨∑¨µ´¨µª ∫¨π∞¨∫ ≠π∂¥ 1965 º∑ ∑≥º∫ ¨µ ∑≥º∫ ® ´¨Ω¨µ∞π ºµ ∫’π∞¨ ∞µ´’∑¨µ´®µª ´÷∫ 1965. +¨ ‘´¨ ®µ´ ¥®≤∞µÆ ∞ª∫ 殿 ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ©®∫¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ æبµ 1977 ªØ¨ 5∞≥≥¨’ ∑π∂Æπ¨∫∫®∞ª ´º ¥∂´÷≥¨ ´¨ ©®∫¨ ¨µ 1977 (∏º®µ´ ¨≥≥¨ ® "®≥®∞∫ æ®∫ ´π∂∑∑¨´ º∑ ª∂ ªØ¨ ª∂∑ ∫¨π∞¨∫ æبµ 1996 ªØ¨ π¨¥∑≥®™’ ≥¨ "®≥®∞∫) ±º∫∏º¨ ®º ∫∂¥¥¨ª ´º ∫’π∞¨ ¨µ 1996 ∏º®µ´ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ´∞∫®∑∑¨®π¨´ ®µ´ ≥¨≠ª ªØ¨ µ¨æ #¨5∞≥≥¨ "∂µ™∂ºπ∫ ≥¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ¨∫ª ´∞∫∑®πº, ≥®∞∫∫®µª ≥¨ #¨ 5∞≥≥¨ "∂µ™∂ºπ∫ ™∂¥- ®∫ ©¨∫ª ∫¨´®µ ∞µ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´. 4µª∞≥ ª∂´®¿, ´¨5∞≥≥¨ - ¨Ω¨µ ºµ´¨π ¥¨ ≥¨ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ∫¨´®µ ´º ¥∂µ´¨. º±∂ºπ´’غ∞, ≥¨ « ´¨ 5∞≥≥¨ » ∞ª∫ ª¨ππ∞≠∞™ „#32“ ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨ æØ∞™Ø ∫ª®µ´∫ ≠∂π „#¨5∞≥≥¨ ∫∂º∫ ≥¨ ™∂´¨ #32 – #¨ 5∞≥≥¨ 3∂ºπ∞µÆ 2¨´®µ – ´¨¥¨ºπ¨ ®º ∫∂¥- 3∂ºπ∞µÆ 2¨´®µ“ - 𨥮∞µ∫ ª∂∑ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π æ∂π≥´ æ∞ªØ ¥¨ª ´º ¥∂µ´¨ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ´¨ ≥ºø¨. +¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ -∂πªØ2ª®π ¨∫ª ∞ª∫ æ∂π≥´-™≥®∫∫ -∂πªØ2ª®π ´∞Ω¨ªπ®∞µ ∫¥∂∂ªØ¨π ªØ®µ ®µ¿ 12- ∑≥º∫ ∫º®Ω¨ ∏º¨ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º¨≥≥¨ ¨µÆ∞µ ´¨ ´∂º¡¨ ™¿≥∞µ´π¨∫ ´¨ ™¿≥∞µ´¨π ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ∂≠ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∂π∫, ∞ª∫ ™∂¥∑ºª¨π ™∂µªπ∂≥≥¨´ ≥® ™∂µ™ºπ𨵙¨. +® ∫º∫∑¨µ∫∞∂µ ¨ª ´∞𨙪∞∂µ ∫∂µª ®∞´’¨∫ ∑®π ∫º∫∑¨µ∫∞∂µ ®µ´ ∫ª¨¨π∞µÆ æØ∞™Ø ∫¨µ∫¨∫ π∂®´ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ∫ ∂π´∞µ®ª¨ºπ ∏º∞ Ω’π∞≠∞¨ ≥¨∫ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ∫ ´¨ ≥® π∂ºª¨ ª∂ºª ≥¨ ª¨¥∑∫ ™∂µª∞µº∂º∫≥¿ ®µ´ ®≥≥∂æ∫ ®´±º∫ª¥¨µª∫ ∞µ ® غµ´π¨ªØ ∂≠ ¨ª ∑¨π¥∞ª ≥¨∫ ®±º∫ª¨¥¨µª∫ ´®µ∫ ºµ ™¨µª∞÷¥¨ ´’ºµ¨ ∫¨™∂µ´¨. ∫¨™∂µ´∫ ®µ´ ®µ ∞µ∫ºπ¥∂ºµª®©≥¨ ™∂¥∑ºª¨π-®´±º∫ª¨´ +¨∫ ∫∞÷ƨ∫, ™∂µªπŁ≥’∫ ¨ºø ®º∫∫∞ ∑®π ∂π´∞µ®ª¨ºπ, ∑¨π¥¨ªª¨µª ∫¨®ª∞µÆ æØ∞™Ø ®≥≥∂æ∫ ª∂ ªπ®Ω¨≥ ≠∂π ªØ∂º∫®µ´∫ ∂≠ ≤∞≥∂¥¨ªπ¨∫ ≥¨∫ Ω∂¿®Æ¨∫ ´¨ ¥∞≥≥¨∫ ´¨ *∞≥∂¥÷ªπ¨∫ ´®µ∫ ºµ¨ ®ª¥∂∫∑Ø÷π¨ ∞µ ® ™∂∫∫¨ª¨´, ∑≥º∫Ø ®µ´ ∫∞≥¨µª ®ª¥∂∫∑بπ¨ æ∞ªØ∂ºª ®µ¿ ¥∞ª∂µµ’¨, ≥ºøº¨º∫¨ ¨ª ∫∞≥¨µ™∞¨º∫¨ ∫®µ∫ ®º™ºµ ≠®ª∞ƺ¨. ´®µÆ¨π ∂≠ ≠®ª∞ƺ¨. +¨ « #¨ 5∞≥≥¨ » ¨∫ª ®∞µ∫∞ Ω∂ªπ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∞´’®≥¨ ∑∂ºπ π∂º≥¨π ∫ºπ 3غ∫, #¨5∞≥≥¨ ∞∫ ¿∂ºπ ∑¨π≠¨™ª ™®π ª∂ ™πº∞∫¨ ´∂æµ $6 Ø∞ÆØ殿 1∂ºª¨ $6 √ 55 ¥.∑.Ø. ´’.∫≥∂ ®º "®∑ ´º -∂π´. .µ Ω∂∞ª ºµ ≠∞≥¥ ®ª 55 ¥∑Ø ≠π∂¥ .∫≥∂ ª∂ -∂πªØ "®∑¨ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™∞µÆ Ø∂æ ®µ ∫®µ∫ ™¨∫∫¨ ´¨∫ ©¨≥≥¨∫ Ωº¨∫ ∏º∞ ∑®∫∫¨µª ∑®π ≥¨∫ Æ≥®™¨∫ ´¨ ≥® ¨µ´≥¨∫∫ ≠∞≥¥ ∂≠ ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥ Ω∞¨æ∫ ∑®∫∫¨∫ ©¿ ªØ¨ æ∞µ´∂æ∫ ∂≠ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∫®µ∫ ¨µª¨µ´π¨ ®º™ºµ ©πº∞ª ´¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ µ∞ ´¨∫ ∑µ¨º∫. ªØ¨ ™®π, µ¨Ω¨π ب®π∞µÆ ®µ¿ ∫∂ºµ´ ∂≠ ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ∂π ª∞π¨∫ ®µ´ .µ π¨Æ®π´¨ ≥¨ ∫∂≥¨∞≥ ´º ¥∞µº∞ª ∏º∞ ©π∞≥≥¨ ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ´’ªπ∂∞ª∫ ¨µªπ¨ 殪™Ø∞µÆ ªØ¨ ¥∞´µ∞Æت ∫ºµ Æ≥®π∞µÆ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ ∫∂ºµ´∫ ≥¨ ™∂µª∞µ¨µª ¨ºπ∂∑’¨µ ¨ª ≥¨∫ Á≥¨∫ +∂≠∂ª¨µ. "∂µ´º∞π¨ ¨µ ≥® -∂π- ©¨ªæ¨¨µ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ™∂µª∞µ¨µª ®µ´ +∂≠∂ª¨µ (∫≥®µ´∫. #π∞Ω∞µÆ Ω÷ƨ ¨∫ª ™∂¥¥¨ Ω∞Ωπ¨ ¨µ ≥® -∂πΩ÷ƨ : ´’™∂µªπ®™ª’, ¥∞ª∂µµ’, ∞µ -∂π殿 ∞∫ ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ ®∫ ≥∞Ω∞µÆ ∞µ -∂π殿: π¨≥®ø¨´, ¨ª ¨µª∂ºπ’ ´¨ ∫® ≠®¥¨º∫¨ -®ªºπ¨. .µ ¨µ™∂µªπ¨ ºµ ∑¨º∑≥¨ ∫∞ ™∂∫∫¨ª¨´, æπ®∑∑¨´ ∞µ ≠®¥∂º∫ µ®ªºπ¨ ®µ´ ¨µ™∂ºµª¨π∞µÆ ®∞¥®©≥¨ ∏º¨ ¥◊¥¨ ºµ ¨µ≠®µª ∑¨ºª Ω∂¿®Æ¨π ∫®µ∫ ´®µÆ¨π, ∫®µ∫ ≠π∞¨µ´≥¿ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ∫∂ ªØ®ª ¨Ω¨µ ™Ø∞≥´π¨µ ¥®¿ ªπ®Ω¨≥ ∞µ ∫®≠¨ª¿ ≥¨ ©¨∫∂∞µ ´’ºµ ®´º≥ª¨ ®™™∂¥∑®Æµ®µª. "’¨∫ª ºµ ∑®¿∫ ∑®π≠®∞ª ¨ª æ∞ªØ∂ºª Ø®Ω∞µÆ ª∂ ©¨ ®™™∂¥∑®µ∞¨´. ∑¨π≠¨™ª ™∂ºµªπ¿ ®µ´ ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∑®π≠®∞ª¨ : ≥® -∂πΩ÷ƨ ¨ª ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨ 5∞≥≥¨. ® ∑¨π≠¨™ª ™®π: -∂π殿 ®µ´ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨5∞≥≥¨. 16 CADILLAC CLUB NORWAY Cadillac Club of Norway Haugerudveien 69 1430 ÅS

Club President: Arne Roger Vice President Runar Hanssen-Rasch Treasurer and Secretary Fred Tretterud

Date of founding:19 May 2001 Members: 26 members. Oldest Cadillac: 1902 Newest Cadillac 2001

Club magazine is CadMag, appearing up to five times a year.

17 Belgium: Seventy-five

!¨≥Æ∞º¥ ®∫ ´∂¥∞™∞≥¨ ∂≠ $4 ®ºªØ∂π∞ª∞¨∫ ∞∫ ªØ¨ Ø∂ª ∫∑∂ª ∂≠ ∑∂æ¨π +® !¨≥Æ∞∏º¨, ™∂¥¥¨ ∏º®πª∞¨π Æ’µ’π®≥ ´¨ ≥® $4 ¨∫ª ≥¨ ∑∂∞µª ∞µ $ºπ∂∑¨. ≥≥ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∫ª®ª¨∫ ≤¨¨∑ ® π¨∫∞´¨µ™¨ ªØ¨π¨, ¥®≤∞µÆ ™Ø®º´ ´¨ ≥® ∑∂≥∞ª∞∏º¨ ¨µ $ºπ∂∑¨. 3∂ºª∫ ≥¨∫ ∑®¿∫ ´’$ºπ∂∑¨ ¿ !πº∫∫¨≥∫ ªØ¨ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ™®∑∞ª®≥. +∂∂≤∞µÆ ≠∂π ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ∂µª ºµ¨ π’∫∞´¨µ™¨, ≠®∞∫®µª ´¨ !πºø¨≥≥¨∫ ≥® ™®∑∞ª®≥¨ ¨ºπ∂∑’¨µ- π¨∑π¨∫¨µª∞µÆ ªØ∞∫ ∫∑بπ¨ ∂≠ ∑∂æ¨π ´∂¨∫ π¨∏º∞π¨ ® ™®π ∑π∂Ω∞´∞µÆ µ¨. $µ ™Ø¨π™Ø®µª ∑∂ºπ ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ √ π¨∑π’∫¨µª¨π ™¨ªª¨ ∫∑Ø÷π¨ µ¨™¨∫∫®π¿ ∫∑®™¨ ≠∂π æ∂π≤∞µÆ ∂π ´∞∫™π¨¨ª µ¨Æ∂ª∞®ª∞∂µ ®µ´ ´¨ ∑º∞∫∫®µ™¨ ∂µ ´¨¥®µ´¨ ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∏º∞ ∂≠≠π¨ ´º ∑≥®™¨ ∫º≠- ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª∞µÆ ªØ¨ ∂ºª¨π æ∂π≥´ ªØ®ª ∑®∫∫¨µÆ¨π∫ ®π¨ ≠∞∫®µª ∑∂ºπ ≥® ªπ®Ω®∞≥≥¨, ∑∂ºπ µ’Æ∂™∞®ª∞∂µ ´∞∫™π÷ª¨, ∏º∞ ∑π’- ¨¥∑∂æ¨π¨´ ª∂ ´¨™∞´¨ ®©∂ºª ªØ¨ ≠®ª¨ ∂≠ ® æØ∂≥¨ ™∂µª∞µ¨µª. ∫¨µª¨ ®º ,∂µ´¨ ¨øª’π∞¨ºπ ∏º¨ ≥¨∫ ∑®∫∫®Æ¨π∫ ∫∂µª ®ºª∂π∞∫’∫ ® ´’™∞´¨π ≥¨ ≠ºªºπ¨ ´’ºµ ™∂µª∞µ¨µª ¨µª∞÷π¨. 3بπ¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ∂ªØ¨π ™®π ∞µ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ¥®ª™Ø∞µÆ ªØ¨∫¨ π¨∏º∞𨥨µª∫ ©¨ªª¨π ªØ®µ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿- (≥ µ’¿ ® ∑®∫ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ,∂µ´¨ ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∏º∞ ™∂ππ¨∫∑∂µ´¨ ¥∞¨ºø %∞Ω¨. /≥¨µª¿ ∂≠ π∂∂¥, ® ´∞∫™¨πµ∞µÆ ∞µª¨π∞∂π æ∞µ´∂æ ∞∫∂≥®ª∞µÆ √ ∫¨∫ ¨ø∞ƨµ™¨∫ ∏º¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨. (≥ ¿ ® ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ∫ª®≠≠ ≠π∂¥ ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨∫ πº≥∞µÆ $ºπ∂∑¨, ®µ´ ®µ ®∫∫¨¡ ´¨ ∑≥®™¨, ºµ¨ ≠¨µ◊ªπ¨ ∞µª’π∞¨ºπ¨ ∏º∞ ∫’∑®π¨ ≥¨ ™Ø®º≠≠¨ºπ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞Ω¨, ©∂≥´ ©∂´¿ ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª∞µÆ ¨≥¨Æ®µ™¨ ®µ´ ∫ªπ¨µÆªØ ´¨∫ ¨ø’™ºª∞Ω¨∫ ∏º¨ π÷Æ≥¨µª ≥’$ºπ∂∑¨, ¨ª ºµ¨ ™®ππ∂∫∫¨π∞¨ ∞¥- ª∂ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ æØ∂ ¥®¿ µ¨Ω¨π ©¨ ™®∑®©≥¨ ª∂ ¨µª¨π ∫º™Ø ® ≥∞¥∂º∫∞µ¨. ∑π¨∫∫∞∂µµ®µª ∏º∞ ¥∂µªπ¨ ≥’’≥’Æ®µ™¨ ¨ª ≠∂𙨠®ºø ƨµ∫ ∏º¨ µ¨ ´¨Ω®∞¨µª ¨µªπ¨π ºµ¨ ª¨≥≥¨ ≥∞¥∂º∫∞µ¨. "®´∞≥≥®™ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ∂≠ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ∫ªπ¨ª™Ø¨∫ ©®™≤ ª∂ ªØ¨ %∂πª∞¨∫, ∂≠≠¨π∞µÆ ªØ¨ ºµ∞∏º¨ ®Ω®∞≥®©∞≥ª¿ ∂≠ ® ∫ªπ¨ª™Ø¨´ +® ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ´®ª¨ ´¨∫ ∫¨´®µ æ∞ªØ∂ºª Ø®Ω∞µÆ ª∂ ¨µÆ®Æ¨ ®≠ª¨π¥®π≤¨ª ™∂®™Ø©º∞≥´¨π∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’40 ∏º∞ ∂≠≠π¨ ≥® ´∞∫∑∂µ∞©∞≥∞ª’ ´’ºµ¨ ©¨π≥∞µ¨ ®≥≥∂µÆ’¨ ªØº∫ ¥®∞µª®∞µ∞µÆ ∂π∞Æ∞µ®≥ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º®≥∞ª¿ ª∂ ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨ ™º∫- ∫®µ∫ ≥® µ’™¨∫∫∞ª’ ´’¨µÆ®Æ¨π ºµ ™®ππ∂∫∫∞¨π ∏º∞ ®∞µ∫∞ Æ®π®µª∞ª ≥® ª∂¥¨π∫. -¨®π≥¿ ®µ¿ Ω¨π∫∞∂µ ∂≠ ªØ¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ∏º®≥∞ª’ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®ºø ™≥∞¨µª∫ ¨ø’™ºª∞≠∫. /π¨∫∏º¨ ª∂ºª¨∫ ≥¨∫ Ω¨π- ∑π∂Ω∞´¨∫ ≠∂∂ªπ¨∫ª∫ æØ∞™Ø ¥®¿ ©¨ ºµ≠∂≥´¨´ ª∂ ªæ∂ ®´´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ ∫∞∂µ∫ ´º %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ∂≠≠𨵪 ≥¨∫ ∫º∑∑∂πª ∑∞¨´∫ π¨®π ∫¨®ª∫ ®≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ∫¨™ºπ∞ª¿ ∫ª®≠≠ ª∂ ªπ®Ω¨≥ ∞µ∫∞´¨ ªØ¨ ™®π. "∂∫- ´’¥∂µª®©≥¨∫ ¨ª ´¨ºø ∫∞÷ƨ∫ ®´´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨∫ ´∂µµ®µª ´º ∑≥®™¨ ∫¨ª¨´ ªπ®Ω¨≥∞µÆ æØ∞≥¨ ™∂µª∞µº∞µÆ ª∂ ¥®≤¨ ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª ´¨™∞∫∞- ∑∂ºπ ≥’’∏º∞∑¨ ´¨ ∫’™ºπ∞ª’ √ Ω∂¿®Æ¨π ´®µ∫ ≥’®ºª∂. +® ∑∂∫∫∞©∞≥∞ª’ ∂µ∫ ∞µ ¨™∂µ∂¥¿ ∂π ∑∂≥∞ª∞™∫ ®≥≥∂æ∫ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ª∂ ∫¨πΩ¨ ®∫ ®µ ´’∂≠≠π∞π ≥¨ Ω∂¿®Æ¨ ≥ºø¨ ®º ¥◊¥¨ ª¨¥∑∫ ∏º¨ ≠®∞π¨ ≥¨∫ ´’™∞∫∞∂µ∫ ∞µ∫ªπº¥¨µª ∂≠ ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨ ∑∂æ¨π ªØº∫ ∫¿¥©∂≥∞¡∞µÆ Ø∂æ ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª ´’’™∂µ∂¥∞¨ ∂º ∑∂≥∞ª∞∏º¨ ´∂µµ¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ !πº∫∫¨≥∫ ∫ª®µ´∫ ≠∂π $ºπ∂∑¨®µ Æ∂٨𵥨µª ∞∫∫º¨∫. /®πª∞™º- ≥’∂™™®∫∞∂µ ´¨ ∫¨πΩ∞π ™∂¥¥¨ ∞µ∫ªπº¥¨µª ´¨ ≥® ∑º∞∫∫®µ™¨ ¨ø’- ≥®π≥¿ ∑®π≤∞µÆ ∞µ ≠π∂µª ∂≠ ªØ¨ ª∂¥∞º¥, !πº∫∫¨≥∫‘ ¥∂µº¥¨µª ™ºª∞Ω¨ ¨ª ∫¿¥©∂≥∞∫¨ ™∂¥¥¨ !πºø¨≥≥¨∫ ∫∞Ƶ∞≠∞¨ ≥¨ Æ∂ºΩ¨πµ¨- ∫Ø∂æ∞µÆ ®µ ∂Ω¨π∫∞¡¨´ ¥∂´¨≥ ∂≠ ® µº™≥¨º∫, ªØ¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨- ¥¨µª ´’$ºπ∂∑¨. $µ ∑®πª∞™º≥∞¨π, Æ®π’ ´¨Ω®µª ≥’ ª∂¥∞º¥, Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ 2∞øª∞¨∫ ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª¨∫ ®µ ºµ™∂¥∑π∂¥∞∫¨´ ≥’¨¥©≥÷¥¨ ´¨ !πºø¨≥≥¨∫ ∏º∞ ¥∂µªπ¨ ºµ ¥∂´÷≥¨ ´º µº™≥¨º∫ ¨µ Ω∞¨æ ∂≠ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ®µ´ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ªπº∫ª∞µÆ ∞µ ®µ ¨µ´≥¨∫∫ ∑π∂∫∑¨- Æπ®µ´, ≥¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ´¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’60 ´’¥∂µªπ¨ π∞ª¿ ∂≠ ª¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ∞™®≥ ®´Ω®µ™¨¥¨µª. '∂æ¨Ω¨π, ªØ∞∫ π¨≠≥¨™ª∞∂µ ºµ¨ Ωº¨ ´º ,∂µ´¨ ∫®µ∫ ™∂¥∑π∂¥∞∫ ´¨∫ ƨµ∫ ∏º∞ ´’∑¨µ´¨µª ∂≠ ™Ø®µÆ∞µÆ ¥∞µ´∫ ™∂µª∞µº¨∫ ∞≠ ¿∂º ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ ªØ¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ∫ºπ ≥’®Ω®µ™¨ ª¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ∞∏º¨ ∑∂ºπ ºµ¨ ∑π∂∫∑’π∞ª’ ∫®µ∫ ≠∞µ. ,®∞∫ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ $∞Æت∞¨∫: %π∂µª-æب¨≥-´π∞Ω¨ ®µ´ ® ∂µ Ω∂∞ª ≥¨∫ ™Ø®µÆ¨¥¨µª∫ ´¨∫ ∑∂∞µª∫ ´¨ Ωº¨ ™∂µª∞µº¨ ∫∞ ∂µ '34100-∑∂æ¨πªπ®∞µ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∞µÆ ∫ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ ≥∂æ ¥∞≥¨®Æ¨ ¥®ª- ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ ≥¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ´¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’80. +√, ºµ¨ ™Ø∞µÆ ´¨™∞∫∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ $4 ®ºªØ∂π∞ª∞¨∫ ∞µ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞µÆ ª∂ ∞¥∑π∂Ω¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´¨ ªπ®™ª∞∂µ ®Ω®µª ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ '34100 ®Ω¨™ ºµ¨ æ∂π≥´ ™≥∞¥®ª¨. $Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ ∂≠ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ ªØ®ª ®™- ™∂µ∫∂¥¥®ª∞∂µ ∫ºπ∑𨵮µª ∏º∞ π®∫∫¨¥©≥¨ ®ºø ´’™∞∫∞∂µ∫ ´¨∫ ™∂¥∑®µ∞¨´ ¨Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ ∞µ ™π¨®ª∞µÆ ® ©¨ªª¨π æ∂π≥´ ∂≠ ª∂¥∂π- ®ºª∂π∞ª’∫ ´¨ ≥® 4$ ∏º∞ ∫’¨≠≠∂𙨵ª ® ®¥’≥∞∂π¨π ≥¨ ™≥∞¥®ª ¥∂µ´∞- π∂æ: 3ب %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ®∫ ® ¥∞ππ∂π ∂≠ ∑π∂Æπ¨∫∫ ∞µ ®≥. $≥≥¨ ¨∫ª ºµ¨ ’Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ ´¨ ≥’®πª ´’∞µÆ’µ∞¨ºπ ∏º∞ ®™™∂¥∑®Æµ¨ ∑∂≥∞ª∞™∫ ¥®´¨ ∞µ !¨≥Æ∞º¥. ≥’’Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ ∏º∞ ™π’¨π® ºµ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ,∂µ´¨ ∑∂ºπ ´¨¥®∞µ. +¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ 2¨Ω¨µª¿-%∞Ω¨ ¨∫ª ºµ ¥∞π∂∞π ´º ∑π∂Æπ÷∫ ¨µ ∑∂≥∞- ª∞∏º¨ ≠®∞ª ¨µ !¨≥Æ∞∏º¨. 18 CADILLAC CLUB BELGIUM Cadillac LaSalle Club Belgium CLC Belgium Tel. +32(0)14 379997 [email protected]

Club President: Ludo Slegers

Treasurer François Simons

Secretary Lucien Wuestenbergs

P.R. Diana D‘havé

Date of founding: 2000 Members: members. Oldest Cadillac: Newest Cadillac Most common model: Club magazine . Six of our members are also members of the CLC in America.

19 Iceland:

(™¨≥®µ´ ´∂¨∫ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π ∫∂¥¨ (∫≥®µ´ ® ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ ºµ∫ ´¨∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥ π∂®´∫ ∑≥º∫ ©¨≥≥¨∫ π∂ºª¨∫ ´’$ºπ∂∑¨. ∞µ $ºπ∂∑¨. 3ب ™≥¨®π µ∂π´∞™ +¨∫ ™∞¨≥∫ ™≥®∞π¨∫ µ∂π´∞∏º¨∫ ∫≤¿ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ π∂™≤∫ æبπ¨ ∏º¨ ∫ºπ∑≥∂¥©∫ ≥¨∫ π∂™Ø¨∫ ¿∂º ™®µ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ ≠∞π¨ ∂º ∂µ ∑¨ºª ’∑π∂ºΩ¨π ´º ≠¨º ®µ´ 殪¨π æبµ ¨ª ´¨ ≥’¨®º ¨µ π¨Æ®π´®µª ≥¨ 殪™Ø∞µÆ Ωº≥™®µ∞∫¥ ∂π Ω∂≥™®µ∞∫¥¨, ∂º ≥¨∫ ™®∫™®´¨∫ 殪¨π≠®≥≥∫ ´∞∫∑≥®¿∞µÆ ∏º¨ ¥∂µªπ¨µª « ≥® -®ªºπ¨ „®™ª∞Ω¨ µ®ªºπ¨“ ®∫ ∞≠ ¿∂º ®™ª∞Ω¨ » ™∂¥¥¨ ∫∞ Ω∂º∫ æ¨π¨ ∞µ ® غƨ, ®≥殿∫ ’ª∞¨¡ ´®µ∫ ºµ ªØ’ƒªπ¨ Ω®∫ª¨ ∑≥®¿∞µÆ ªØ¨®ªπ¨ æØ¨π¨ ªØ¨ ¨ª ∫®µ∫ ∞µª¨ππº∑ª∞∂µ ∂º ≥® ≥®µ´∫™®∑¨ ∫¨πΩ¨∫ ®∫ ® ∑®¿∫®Æ¨ ≠®∞ª ≥¨ ∫™÷µ¨. $µ π¨- ∫ª®Æ¨. .µ ªØ¨ ∂ªØ¨π Ø®µ´, Ω®µ™Ø¨, ∑®π≠∂∞∫ ≥® ≠∂𙨠´¨ ≠∂𙨠∂≠ µ®ªºπ¨ ∫∂¥¨ª∞¥¨∫ ≥® µ®ªºπ¨ Ω∂º∫ ∂©≥∞ƨ √ π¨∏º∞π¨∫ ¿∂º ª∂ ∑®∫∫ ∫∂¥¨ ∑®∫∫¨π ºµ ≥∞¨º ∞µ∂µ´’, ∫®µ∫ ≠≥∂∂´¨´ 殿 æ∞ªØ∂ºª ®ªª¨µ´π¨ ∏º¨ ≥® ™πº¨ ´¨- 𨥮∞µ∞µÆ ∫ªº™≤ ºµª∞≥ ∫™¨µ´¨. .µ ´∂∞ª ®º∫∫∞ ™Ø¨π- 殪¨π æ∞≥≥ Ø®Ω¨ Æ∂µ¨. 8∂º ™Ø¨π ºµ¨ ∑≥®™¨ ´¨ ™∂µ≠∂πª ®≥∫∂ Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ≥∂∂≤ ≠∂π ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨ ≥∂µÆ Ø∞Ω¨π ®π™- ™∂¥≠∂πª ∞µ ªØ¨ ≥∂µÆ ®π™ª∞™ ª∞∏º¨ ∂º ∂µ ¨∫∫®∞¨ ´¨ æ∞µª¨π æبµ ¿∂º ªπ¿ ª∂ ∫’’™Ø®∑∑¨π ´¨ ≥’∂©∫™ºπ∞ª’ ¨∫™®∑¨ ´®π≤µ¨∫∫ ∞µ ® ™∂∫¿ ´®µ∫ ºµ¨ ∑∞÷™¨ ∞µª’π∞¨ºπ¨ ∞µª¨π∞∂π π∂∂¥. ™Ø∂º¨ªª¨.

2ºπ¨, ´ºπ∞µÆ ¥∞´∫º¥¥¨π !∞¨µ ¨µª¨µ´º, ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ´®¿∫ ®µ¿ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¥®¿ ±∂ºπ∫ ´’’ª’ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º¨≥ ®≥≥∂æ ¿∂º ª∂ ¨ø∑≥∂π¨ ®µ´ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨Ω®∞ª Ω∂º∫ ´∂µ- ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ ªØ∞∫ æ∂µ´¨π≠º≥ µ¨π ´’¨ø∑≥∂π¨π ¨ª ≠®∞π¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿, ©ºª ∞≠ ¿∂º ™Ø∂∂∫¨ ™∂µµ®Áªπ¨ ™¨ ∑®¿∫ ´¨ ¥¨π- ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∑≥¨®∫∞µÆ ¿∂º Ω¨∞≥≥¨. ,®∞∫ ∫∞ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ≠∂π ªØ¨ ¨µª∞π¨ ¿¨®π, ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ®≥ª¨πµ®ª∞Ω¨ ª∂ ®µ $∫™®≥®´¨. ©¨∫∂∞µ ´’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∑∂ºπ ≥’®µµ’¨ ¨µª∞÷π¨ ∞≥ µ ¿’® ∑®∫ ®º™ºµ 8∂º ≠¨¨≥ ªØ¨ ∑∂æ¨π µ¨¨´¨´ ª∂ ´¨≠¨®ª ®µ¿ ≤∞µ´ ∂≠ 樮ªØ¨π ®≥ª¨πµ®ª∞≠ ®º $∫™®≥®´¨. 5∂º∫ ∫¨µª¨¡ ≥® ∑º∞∫∫®µ™¨ µ’™¨∫- ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ ¨µ®©≥∞µÆ ¿∂º ª∂ ¨∫™®∑¨ æ∞ªØ ∑∂æ¨π≠º≥ ª∂π∏º¨ ∫®∞π¨ ∑∂ºπ Ω®∞µ™π¨ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º¨≥ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ ´º ª¨¥∑∫. 5∂º∫ ®µ´ ®≥≥-æب¨≥-´π∞Ω¨ æبµ ªØ¨ π¨≥∞®©≥¨ 58 ©º∞≥ª ©¿ ∑∂ºΩ¨¡ ’™Ø®∑∑¨π ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ™∂º∑≥¨ ∑º∞∫∫®µª ¨ª 474 ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ "بΩπ∂≥¨ª ®µ´ ªØ¨ ªπ®™ª∞∂µ ∫¿∫ª¨¥ æØ∞™Ø ¨µ®©≥¨∫ !≥®¡¨π∫, ≠∞®©≥¨ 5-8 ≠®∞ª ∑®π "بΩπ∂≥¨ª ¨ª ≥¨ ∫¿∫ª÷¥¨ ´¨ ≥® ªπ®™ª∞∂µ ∏º∞ 8º≤∂µ∫ ®µ´ 2∞¨ππ®∫ ≠∂π ´¨™®´¨∫ µ∂æ ¥®≤¨ ®Ω®∞≥®©≥¨ Ø®≥≠ ® ® ®™ª∞∂µµ’ ≥¨∫ !≥®¡¨π∫, 8º≤∂µ∫ ¨ª 2∞¨ππ®∫ ´’∞™∞ ≥¨∫ ´’™®´¨∫ ™¨µªºπ¿ ∂≠ ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨. ®Ω¨™ ºµ¨ ´¨¥∞ ∫∞÷™≥¨ ´’¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨ ´¨ ≥’®πª ´¨ ≥’∞µÆ’µ∞¨ºπ.

'∂æ¨Ω¨π, $∫™®≥®´¨ ´∂¨∫ ™∂¥©∞µ¨ ªØ¨∫¨ ∏º®≥∞ª∞¨∫ æ∞ªØ ªØ¨ -¨®µ¥∂∞µ∫, ≥’$∫™®≥®´¨ ™∂¥©∞µ¨ ™¨∫ ∏º®≥∞ª’∫ ®Ω¨™ ºµ¨ ª∂º- ¨øªπ® ª∂º™Ø ∂≠ ≥ºøºπ¿, ∑∂Ω∞´∞µÆ ® µ∂∞∫¨≥¨∫∫ π∞´¨ ®∫ ∞≠ ¿∂º ™Ø¨ ®´´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨ ´¨ ≥ºø¨. (≥ ∂≠≠π¨ ºµ ∑®π™∂ºπ∫ ∫∞≥¨µ™∞¨ºø æ∂º≥´ ™πº∞∫¨ ´∂æµ 2≤¿≥∞µ¨ #π∞Ω¨ ∞µ 2بµ®µ´∂®Ø -®ª∞∂µ®≥ ™∂¥¥¨ ∫∞ Ω∂º∫ ©®≥®´∞¨¡ ∫ºπ 2≤¿≥∞µ¨ #π∞Ω¨ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ /®π™ /®π≤ - ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ªπ®µ∫≠∂π¥∫ ®µ¿ π∂ºª¨ ∞µ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ª∂ ® -®ª∞∂µ®≥ ´¨ 2بµ®µ´∂®Ø – ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™∂µΩ¨πª∞ª µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠´π∞Ω∞µÆ ´π¨®¥ ∫∂ ªØ®ª ∫¥∂∂ªØµ¨∫∫ ∂≠ ¥∂Ω¨¥¨µª ®µ´ ∏º¨≥≥¨ π∂ºª¨ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ,∂µ´¨ ¨µ π◊Ω¨ ´¨ ™∂µ´º∞π¨ ´¨ ∫∂πª ∏º¨ ∫∑≥¨µ´∂π ∂≠ (™¨≥®µ´ ∫™¨µ¨π∞¨∫ ¥¨≥ª ª∂ ®µ ºµ≠∂πƨªª®©≥¨ ≥® ∫º®Ω∞ª’ ´¨ ¥∂ºΩ¨¥¨µª ¨ª ≥¨ ∫∑≥¨µ´¨ºπ ´¨∫ ∫™÷µ¨∫ ∞∫- ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ ∂≠ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ±∂¿. ≥®µ´®∞∫ ∫¨ ¥’≥®µÆ¨µª ¨µ ºµ¨ ¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨ ∞µ∂º©≥∞®©≥¨ ´¨ ±∂∞¨ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨. $Ω¨µ æبµ ∫ª∂∑∑∞µÆ ≠∂π ® ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥ Ω∞¨æ, ªØ¨ ∂ºª∫∞´¨ ∂≠ $∫™®≥®´¨ π¨≠≥¨™ª∫ ªØ∞∫ ª∂º™Ø ∂≠ π¨≥∞®©∞≥∞ª¿: !∞Æ ®µ´ ©∂≥´ ,◊¥¨ ¨µ ®ππ◊ª®µª ∑∂ºπ ºµ¨ ©¨≥≥¨ Ωº¨, ≥’¨øª’π∞¨ºπ ´’$∫™®≥®´¨ ¨¥©≥¨¥∫ Æ∞Ω¨ ªØ¨ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ ªØ®ª ªØ∞∫ ™®π ∞∫ π∂™≤-∫∂≥∞´ π¨≠≥÷ª¨ ºµ¨ ª∂º™Ø¨ ´¨ ≠∞®©∞≥∞ª’. #¨∫ ¨¥©≥÷¥¨∫, Æπ®µ´∫ ¨ª ¨Ω¨µ ºµ´¨π æ∂π∫ª ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ∫ ®µ´ ∫¨ª Æ≥®π∞µÆ ®™™¨µª∫ ª’¥’π®∞π¨∫, ´∂µµ¨µª ≥’∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ ∏º¨ ™¨ªª¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¨∫ª ∫∂≥∞- ™∂¥©∞µ∞µÆ æ∂µ´¨π≠º≥≥¿ æ∞ªØ ´¨¨∑-©≥º¨ µ∂π´∞™ ∫≤¿. 2∂, ´¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ¨ π∂™Ø¨, ¥◊¥¨ ∫∂º∫ ≥¨∫ ∑∞π¨∫ ´¨∫ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ∫. ¨Ω¨µ ® ™∂ºµªπ¿ æØ∞™Ø ®ª ≠∞π∫ª ≥∂∂≤ ∫¨¨¥∫ µ∂ª ª∂ Ø®Ω¨ ª∂∂ +¨∫ ®™™¨µª∫ ™∂¥©∞µ¨µª ´¨ ¥¨πΩ¨∞≥≥¨ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ©≥¨º ∑π∂≠∂µ´ ¥®µ¿ ≥∞µ≤∫ æ∞ªØ ∂ºπ ≠®Ω∂ºπ∞ª¨ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ©π®µ´ ©ºª ∞∫ ´º ™∞¨≥ µ∂π´∞∏º¨. #∂µ™, ¥◊¥¨ ´®µ∫ ºµ ∑®¿∫ ∂º ∫∂º∫ ∑π¨- ≠ºπµ∞∫ب´ æ∞ªØ ®µ ∂æµ "®´∞≥≥®™ "≥º© ™®µ ©¨ ≠∞ªª¨´ ¥∞÷π¨ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µµ¨ µ¨ ∫¨¥©≥¨ ´’®Ω∂∞π ªπ∂∑ ´¨ ≥∞¨µ∫ ®Ω¨™ ®´¨∏º®ª¨≥¿ æ∞ªØ ∑π∂´º™ª∫ ©¿ "®´∞≥≥®™, ∑ºªª∞µÆ ªØ¨ ≥¨Ω¨≥ µ∂ªπ¨ ¥®π∏º¨ ´’®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨ ∑π’≠’π’, ¥®∞∫ ∏º∞ ® ∫∂µ ∑π∂∑π¨ ∂≠ ∑≥¨®∫ºπ¨ ¿∂º Ø®Ω¨ ®µ¿æ®¿ ∞µ (™¨≥®µ´ ª∂ ≥¨Ω¨≥∫ æØ∞™Ø "®´∞≥≥®™ "≥º©, ∂µ ∑¨ºª ∫¨ ≠∂ºπµ∞π ´¨∫ ∑π∂´º∞ª∫ "®´∞≥≥®™, ∫¨¨¥ ª∂ ©¨ ºµªπº¨. ¥¨ªª®µª ≥¨ µ∞Ω¨®º ´¨ ∑≥®∞∫∞π ∏º’∂µ ® ¨µ (∫≥®µ´ ®º ∑∂∞µª ∏º∞ ∫¨¥©≥¨ ∞ππ’¨≥. 20 CADILLAC CLUB ICELAND

Íslenski Cadillac Klúbburinn Laugarnesvegur 66 105 Reykjavik Iceland

Club President: Jóhann Vilhjálmsson

Date of founding:14 december 2005 with 11 members. Members: 60-70 members Oldest Cadillac: 1941 Series 62 Most common model: 1970 to 1980ties Cadillacs Club magazine is ‘Le Bulletin’. It appears four times a year. 10 of our members are also members of the CLC in America. We are building a club house where 20 cars can be stored 21 Spain: Cadillac Eldorado Convertible

2∑®µ∞∫Ø ´º©©∞µÆ ≠∂π ™®π∫ æ®∫ ≠®∞π≥¿ º∫º®≥ ∞µ 4.2. ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ +’®∑∑¨≥≥®ª∞∂µ ´¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨∫ µ∂¥∫ ¨∫∑®Æµ∂≥∫ ’ª®∞ª π¨≥®- ∞µ´º∫ªπ¿. "Øπ¿∫≥¨π "∂π´∂©®, %∂π´ &π®µ®´®, "®´∞≥≥®™ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨, ª∞Ω¨¥¨µª º∫º¨≥ ´®µ∫ ≥’∞µ´º∫ªπ∞¨ ®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨ : ,¨π™ºπ¿ ,∂µª¨π¨¿, &," 2∞¨ππ® - ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨π∫ ≠®Ω∂ºπ¨´ "Øπ¿∫≥¨π "∂π´∂©®, %∂π´ &π®µ®´®, "®´∞≥≥®™ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨, ,¨π™ºπ¿ 2∑®µ∞∫Ø µ®¥¨∫ ≠∂π ªØ¨∞π ∑π∂´º™ª∫ ∑®πª∞™º≥®π≥¿ ∞µ ªØ¨ ,∂µª¨π¨¿, &," 2∞¨ππ®. +¨∫ ≠®©π∞™®µª∫ ≠®Ω∂π∞∫®∞¨µª ≥¨∫ µ∂¥∫ 2¨Ω¨µª∞¨∫. 3ب¿ ®≥≥ ®π¨ ∫º™™¨∫∫∂π∫ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™‘∫ $≥´∂π®´∂ ¨∫∑®Æµ∂≥∫ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ºπ∫ ∑π∂´º∞ª∫, ¨∫∫¨µª∞¨≥≥¨¥¨µª ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ®∑∑¨®π∞µÆ æ∞ªØ ªØ∞∫ µ®¥¨ ∞µ 1953. „$≥´∂π®´∂“ ´∂¨∫ ¥¨®µ ‘70∫. 3∂ºª¨∫ ∫∂µª ≥¨∫ ∫º™™¨∫∫¨ºπ∫ ´’$≥´∂π®´∂ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º¨ „3ب &∂≥´¨µ“ ®µ´ æ®∫ º∫¨´ ©¿ 2∑®µ∞∫Ø ™∂µ∏º¨π∂π∫ æبµ ®∑∑®πºª ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ µ∂¥ ¨µ 1953. « $≥´∂π®´∂ » Ω¨ºª ´∞π¨ « ´∂π’ » ¨ª ™∂≥∂µ∞¡∞µÆ ,¨ø∞™∂ ®µ´ 2∂ºªØ ¥¨π∞™® ©¨≥∞¨Ω∞µÆ ªØ¨π¨ Ø®´ ´’π∞Ω¨ ´¨∫ ™∂µ∏º’𮵪∫ ¨∫∑®Æµ∂≥∫ ∑¨µ´®µª ≥® ™∂≥∂µ∞∫®ª∞∂µ ´¨ ª∂ ©¨ ® ≠®©∂º≥∂º∫ ™∂ºµªπ¿ æØ¨π¨ ®≥≥ ∂©±¨™ª∫ æ¨π¨ ¥®´¨ ∂≠ ,¨ø∞∏º¨ ¨ª ¥’π∞∏º¨ ´º 2º´ ∏º∞ ™π∂¿®∞¨µª ∏º’∞≥ ´∂∞ª ◊ªπ¨ ºµ &∂≥´, ªØº∫ ∫¿¥©∂≥∞¡∞µÆ ¨Ω¨π¿∂µ¨∫ ´π¨®¥ ≠∂π ªØ¨ ∑®¿∫ ≠®©º≥¨ºø ∂º ª∂ºª∫ ≥¨∫ ∂©±¨ª∫ ’ª®∞ª ¨µ ∂π, ®∞µ∫∞ ∫¿¥©∂≥∞- ∞µ®™Ø∞¨Ω®©≥¨. µ $≥´∂π®´∂ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ ∞µ ®µ¿ ∂≠ ∞ª∫ Ω®π∞∂º∫ ∫®µª ≥¨ π◊Ω¨ ´¨ ª∂ºª ≥¨ ¥∂µ´¨ ∑∂ºπ ≥’∞µ≠®∞∫®©≥¨. 4µ ™®©π∞∂≥¨ª Ω¨π∫∞∂µ∫ ∂Ω¨π ´¨™®´¨∫ æ®∫ ®≥殿∫ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª º≥ª∞¥®ª¨ ∑∞¨™¨ $≥´∂π®´∂ ¨µ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º¨≥≥¨ ´¨ ∫¨∫ Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ∫ ´∞Ω¨π∫¨∫ ® ∂≠ ≥ºøºπ¿ ¿∂º ™∂º≥´ ´π∞Ω¨, ®µ´ ¨Ω¨µ ª∂´®¿ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ∂ªØ¨π ªπ®Ω¨π∫ ≥¨∫ ´’™®´¨∫ ’ª®∞ª ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ≥® ∑∞÷™¨ ´º ≥ºø¨ º≥ª∞¥¨ ™®π ∞µ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ƨªª∞µÆ ªØ∞∫ ®ªª¨µª∞∂µ ¨Ω¨µ ≠π∂¥ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ∏º’∂µ ∑¨ºª ∑∞≥∂ª¨, ¨ª ¥◊¥¨ ®º±∂ºπ´’غ∞ ∞≥ µ’¿ ® ∑®∫ ºµ¨ ®ºªπ¨ æØ∂ ´∂µª‘™®π¨ ®©∂ºª ™®π∫: $ø∑¨π∞¨µ™∞µÆ ®µ $≥´∂π®´∂ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∑∂ºπ ®ªª∞π¨π ≥’®ªª¨µª∞∂µ – ¥◊¥¨ ´¨ ƨµ∫ ∏º∞ µ¨ ∫¨ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨, π¨®≥≥¿ ¨Ω¨π¿∂µ¨ ≠¨¨≥∫ ∞µ∫ª®µª≥¿ ªØ∞∫ ∞∫ ªØ¨ ∑π’∂™™º∑¨µª ´¨ ≥’®ºª∂. $µ ’∑π∂ºΩ®µª ≥’$≥´∂π®´∂ ™®©π∞∂≥¨ª ª∂ºª ¥∞≥≥¨µ∞º¥, ¥∞≥≥∞∂µ-´∂≥≥®π ™®π ®µ´ ®µ ®≥≥-ª∞¥¨ Ø∞ÆØ. ≥¨ ¥∂µ´¨ ∫®Ω¨µª √ ≥’∞µ∫ª®µª ∏º¨ —® ™’¨∫ª ≥¨ ¥∞≥≥¨µ∞º¥, ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´’ºµ ¥∞≥≥∞∂µ ´¨ ´∂≥≥®π∫, ≥¨ ™∂¥©≥¨ ´¨ ª∂º±∂ºπ∫. 6¨ ™Ø∂∂∫¨ $≥´∂π®´∂ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ ®∫ „2∑®µ∞∫Ø“ ™®π ©¨™®º∫¨ ªØ¨ ∫ªπºÆÆ≥¨ ≠∂π Æ∂≥´ ®∫ ®µ ºµ®™Ø∞¨Ω®©≥¨ ´π¨®¥ ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª .µ ™Ø∂∞∫∞ ≥¨ "®©π∞∂≥¨ª $≥´∂π®´∂ ™∂¥¥¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ‘¨∫∑®Æµ∂≥’ ∂µ≥¿ ™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡¨ ªØ¨ ™∂µ∏º¨∫ª ∂≠ ¥¨π∞™® ©ºª ®≥∫∂ ªØ¨ Ø∞∫ª∂π∞™ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ≥® ≥ºªª¨ ∑∂ºπ ≥’∂π ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ π◊Ω¨ ∞µ≠®∞∫®©≥¨ µ¨ ™®π®™- ∞¥∑∂𪮵™¨ ∂≠ 2∑®∞µ: ªØ¨ ™º≥ªºπ¨ ∞¥∑∂πª¨´ ©¿ ,º∫≥∞¥ π¨≥∞Æ∞∂µ ª’π∞∫¨ ∏º¨ ≥® ™∂µ∏º◊ª¨ ´’ ¥’π∞∏º¨ ¥®∞∫ ®º∫∫∞ ≥’∞¥∑∂𪮵™¨ ¥®≤∞µÆ "∂π´∂©® ® ™∞ª¿ æ∞ªØ ≥∞Æت¨´ ∫ªπ¨¨ª∫ ®ª µ∞Æت ®µ´ Ø∞∫ª∂π∞∏º¨ ´’$∫∑®Æµ¨. +® ™º≥ªºπ¨ ∞¥∑∂πª’ ∑®π ≥® π¨≥∞Æ∞∂µ ¥º- ∑º©≥∞™ ∫ªπ¨¨ª ™≥¨®µ∞µÆ ∞µ ªØ¨ 7ªØ ™¨µªºπ¿ (!) ®µ´ ∑π¨∫¨πΩ∞µÆ ∫º≥¥®µ ≠∞ª ´¨ "∂π´∂©® ºµ¨ ™∞ª’ ´’’™≥®∞π®Æ¨ ´¨∫ πº¨∫ ¨ª ®∫∫®∞- ªØ¨ ªπ¨®∫ºπ¨∫ ∂≠ ®µª∞∏º¨ ≥∞ª¨π®ªºπ¨, ªØ¨ „π¨™∂µ∏º∞∫ª®“ µ∞∫∫¨¥¨µª ∑º©≥∞™ ®º 7¨¥¨ ∫∞÷™≥¨ ( !) ¨ª ∏º∞ ™∂µ∫¨πΩ®∞¨µª ≥¨∫ ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø∞µÆ 2∑®∞µ ≤∞µÆ´∂¥ ®∫ ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª ¨ø®¥∑≥¨ ∂≠ ª∞Æت ªπ’∫∂π∫ ´¨ ≥® ≥∞ªª’π®ªºπ¨ ®µª∞∏º¨. +® π¨™∂µ∏º∞∫ª® ’ª®©≥∞ª ≥¨ π∂¿®º- Æ∂٨𵥨µª Æ∞Ω∞µÆ ªØ¨ ∞µ∑ºª ª∂ ´∞∫™∂٨𠥨π∞™® ªØº∫ ¥¨ ¨∫∑®Æµ∂≥ ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ¨ ¨ø¨¥∑≥®∞π¨ µ∂ª®©≥¨ ´º Æ∂ºΩ¨πµ¨- ™Ø®µÆ∞µÆ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ≥∞≤¨ $≥´∂π´®´∂ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ ™Ø®µÆ¨´ ªØ¨ ¥¨µª ª¨µ´º ´∂µµ®µª ≥’∞¥∑º≥∫∞∂µ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ ´’™∂ºΩ¨πª ´’ ¥’π∞∏º¨ ≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π ¥®π≤¨ª æبµ ∞ª ®∑∑¨®π¨´. ¨ª ®∞µ∫∞ ® ™Ø®µÆ’ ≥¨ ,∂µ´¨, ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ "®©π∞∂≥¨ª $≥´∂π®´∂ ™Ø®µ- ƨ® ≥¨ ¥®π™Ø’ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ´¨ ≥ºø¨ ∏º®µ´ ∞≥ ®∑∑®πºª. (ª‘∫ ®≥∫∂ ∞µ¨Ω∞ª®©≥¨ ª∂ ™πº∞∫¨ ªØπ∂ºÆØ 2∑®∞µ ∞µ ® "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨: 3ب æ∞´¨ ∑≥®∞µ∫ ∫ºππ∂ºµ´∞µÆ ,®´π∞´, æØ¨π¨ ¿∂º ™®µ ∫¥¨≥≥ 4µ¨ ´’™®∑∂ª®©≥¨ ¨∫ª ®º∫∫∞ ∂©≥∞Æ®ª∂∞π¨ ∫∞ ∂µ ©®≥®´¨ ¨µ $∫∑®- ªØ¨ ب®ª ∂≠ 2∑®µ∞∫Ø ∫º¥¥¨π, ªØ¨ ∑∞ªª∂π¨∫∏º¨ æ∞µ´¥∞≥≥∫ ∂≠ Ƶ¨. +¨∫ ∑π’∫ ≥®πƨ∫ ®ºª∂ºπ∫ ´¨ ,®´π∞´ ∂º ∂µ ∫¨µª ≥® ™Ø®≥¨ºπ „+® ,®µ™Ø®“, ªØ¨ Ω∞¨æ ∂≠ ªØ¨ π¨´ ≠®™®´¨∫ ∂≠ „ ≥Ø®¥©π®“ ∞µ ´’’ª’, ≥¨∫ ¥∂º≥∞µ∫ ® Ω¨µª ∑∞ªª∂π¨∫∏º¨∫ ´¨ « +® ,®µ™Ø® », ≥® Ωº¨ &π®µ®´®, ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´‘∫ ¥∂∫ª ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞Ω¨ ∑®≥®™¨∫, ∂π ªØ¨ ´¨∫ ≠®—®´¨∫ π∂ºÆ¨∫ ´¨ « ≥’ ≥Ø®¥©π® » ´¨ &π®µ®´®, ∑®π¥∞ ≥¨∫ ≠®µ™¿ „&∞π®≥´®“ ª∂æ¨π ∞µ 2¨Ω∞≥≥®‘∫ ∑º≥∫∞µÆ ∫ªπ¨¨ª ≥∞≠¨. $≥´∂- ∑®≥®∞∫ ≥¨∫ ∑≥º∫ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µµ®µª ´º ,∂µ´¨, ≥¨ ª∂ºπ ´¨ ≥® « &∞- π®´∂ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ´∂¨∫ ∂∑¨µ ¿∂ºπ ¥∞µ´ ª∂ ¨µ±∂¿ π®≥´® » ≠®µª®∫ª∞∏º¨ ´®µ∫ ≥® Ω∞¨ ∑º≥∫®µª¨ ´¨∫ πº¨∫ ´¨ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨. ´∞≠≠¨π¨µª ™º≥ªºπ¨∫, ´∞≠≠¨π¨µª ¨π®∫ ∂≠ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ®µ´ ≠®∫™∞µ®ª∞µÆ "∂µ´º∞π¨ ≥’$≥´∂π®´∂ "®©π∞∂≥¨ª ∂ºΩπ¨ ≥¨ ™¨πΩ¨®º ®ºø ™∂µµ®∞∫- Ω∞¨æ∫ ®∫ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´∫ ©∞Æƨ∫ª ∑®≥¥ ≠∂π¨∫ª ∞µ $≥™Ø¨ µ¨®π ,¨´∞- ∫®µ™¨∫ ´¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ ™º≥ªºπ¨∫, ®ºªπ¨∫ ’∑∂∏º¨∫ ´¨ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨, ¨ª ≥¨∫ ª¨π𮵨®µ 2¨®. #π∞Ω∞µÆ ®µ $≥´∂π®´∂ "∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ ªØπ∂ºÆØ Ωº¨∫ ´¨ ≠®∫™∞µ®ª∞∂µ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ ∑®≥¥∞¨π ∑≥º∫ Æπ®µ´ ´º ,∂µ´¨ 2∑®µ∞∫Ø Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ¥¨®µ∫ ® ª®≥¨ ∂≠ ªØ∂º∫®µ´ ®µ´ ∂µ¨ µ∞Æت∫ ´’$≥™Ø¨, ∑π÷∫ ´¨ ≥® ,¨π ,’´∞ª¨ππ®µ’¨. 1∂º≥®µª ´’ºµ $≥´∂π®´∂ ¥®≤∞µÆ ¿∂º ≠¨¨≥ ¿∂º ≠∂ºµ´ ªØ¨ „&∂≥´¨µ "∂ºµªπ¿“ - ®ª ªØ¨ "®©π∞∂≥¨ª ® ªπ®Ω¨π∫ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ´’$∫∑®Æµ¨ ∫∞Ƶ∞≠∞¨ ºµ¨ ™∂µª¨ ´¨∫ ∫ª¨¨π∞µÆ æب¨≥ ∂≠ ªØ∞∫ ®©∫∂≥ºª¨≥¿ º≥ª∞¥®ª¨ ™®π... ¥∞≥≥¨ ¨ª ºµ¨ µº∞ª∫ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ∫¨µª∞¨¡ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ªπ∂ºΩ’ ≥¨ « /®¿∫ ´’∂π’¨ » ®º Ω∂≥®µª ´¨ ™¨ªª¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ º≥ª∞¥¨.

22 CADILLAC CLUB SPAIN

Cadillac Club LaSalle de España

Apartado 29 46182 Valencia–España Teléfono: 96 1329006 Fax: 96 1320923 E-mail: [email protected]

Club President: Carlos Sambeat (see right) Vice President Peter Lewin Treasurer J. Ramon Songel Secretary Jose Cubells Date of founding: Fbruary 2005 Members: 50 members. Oldest Cadillac: 1915 Newest Cadillac 1987 Most common model: no particular model, but two 1930 16-cylinder-Cadillacs, cabriolet and (red) shown below, and one former executive authority Cadillac (below right) Ten of our members are also members of the CLC in America.

23 Great Britain:

+∂∂≤∞µÆ ≠∂π ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ®∑∑π∂∑π∞®ª¨ ª∂ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª &𨮪 $µ ™Ø¨π™Ø®µª ∑∂ºπ ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ √ π¨∑π’∫¨µª¨π ≥® &π®µ´¨ !𨪮- !π∞ª®∞µ µ¨®π≥¿ ®ºª∂¥®ª∞™®≥≥¿ ≥¨®´∫ ª∂ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ Ƶ¨ ∂µ ®ππ∞Ω¨ ∑π¨∫∏º¨ ®ºª∂¥®ª∞∏º¨¥¨µª ®º "®´∞≥≥®™ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨. ©¨™®º∫¨ ∞µ $ºπ∂∑¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ Ø®´ ∂µ≥¿ ∂µ¨ π¨®≥ π∞Ω®≥: 1∂≥≥∫- $µ $ºπ∂∑¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®Ω®∞ª ∏º’ºµ Ωπ®∞ π∞Ω®≥ : 1∂≥≥∫-1∂¿™¨, ∏º∞ 1∂¿™¨ (©ºª ∂µ≥¿ ºµª∞≥ ªØ¨¿ ≥∂∫ª ®≥≥ ∂≠ ªØ¨∞π ∫∑∞π∞ª º∫∞µÆ !,6 ≠®©π∞∏º®∞ª ´¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ™®∑®©≥¨∫ ® π∞Ω®≥∞∫¨π ®º "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨µ ∑®πª∫) ©º∞≥ª ™®π∫ ©¨∞µÆ ®©≥¨ ª∂ ¥®ª™Ø "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞µ ™∂¥≠∂πª, ™∂µ≠∂πª, ∫∞≥¨µ™¨ ¨ª ∞¥®Æ¨ – ±º∫∏º’∞≥∫ ∂µª ∑¨π´º ≥¨ºπ∫ ¨∫∑π∞ª ¨µ ∏º∞¨ªµ¨∫∫ ®µ´ ∞¥®Æ¨. 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ ∞µ ªØ¨ 2¨Ω¨µª∞¨∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ ºª∞≥∞∫®µª ´¨∫ ’≥’¥¨µª∫ ™∂µ∫ª∞ªºª∞≠∫ !,6. ∞µ∫∞, ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ Ø®´ ª∂ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑ ® ™®π ªØ®ª ™∂º≥´ ®Ω∂∞´ ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫ ª∂ ªπ¿ ® ’70, "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨Ω®∞ª ´’Ω¨≥∂∑∑¨π ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∏º∞ ’Ω∞ª¨ ∏º¨ ≥¨∫ 1∂≥≥∫ ∞µ∫ª¨®´ ∂≠ ® %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ∂π #¨5∞≥≥¨ ≥∂∂≤∞µÆ ≠∂𠩨ªª¨π ™≥∞¨µª∫ √ ≥® π¨™Ø¨π™Ø¨ ´¨ ©∂µ ¥®µ∞®©∞≥∞ª’ π¨Æ®π´ ¨µΩ¨π∫ 1∂≥≥∫ π∂®´Ø∂≥´∞µÆ ™®∑®™∞ª∞¨∫. 3Ø∞∫ æ®∫ ªØ¨ Ø∂ºπ ∂≠ ©∞πªØ ≠∂π ®º ≥∞¨º ´¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ∂º #¨ 5∞≥≥¨. "’’ª®∞ª ≥’بºπ ´¨ µ®∞∫∫®µ™¨ ´º 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨. "π∞∫∑, $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∫ª¿≥∞µÆ æ∞ªØ 𨙪®µÆº≥®π π∂∂≠≥∞µ¨, 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨. 4µ ∫ª¿≥¨ ªπ®µ™Ø®µª, $ºπ∂∑’¨µ, ®Ω¨™ ºµ ≥∞Ƶ¨ ´¨ ª∂∞ª ©∞Æ ª∞π¨∫ ∞µ ® ™∂¥∑®™ª ©∂´¿, ∑∂æ¨π≠º≥ 5.7-≥∞ªπ¨ ¨µÆ∞µ¨ 𨙪®µÆº≥®∞π¨, ´¨∫ ∑µ¨º∫ Æπ®µ´∫ ¨µ ™®ππ∂∫∫¨π∞¨ ™∂¥∑®™ª, ºµ ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨´ ©¿ .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨ ®µ´ ∂µ≥¿ 5,20 ¥¨ªπ¨∫ ∂≠ ≥¨µÆªØ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ∑º∞∫∫®µª ´¨ 5,7 ≥∞ªπ¨∫ ≠®∞ª ∑®π .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨, ¨ª ∏º¨ 5,20 ¥®≤∞µÆ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ªØ¨ ∫¥®≥≥¨∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ©ºª ®≥∫∂ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ¥÷ªπ¨∫ ´¨ ≥∂µÆº¨ºπ, ≥¨ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ’ª®∞ª ≥¨ ∑≥º∫ ∑¨ª∞ª, ¥®∞∫ ®º∫∫∞ ≥¨ ¨ø∑¨µ∫∞Ω¨. 3ب ∫ª∂π¿ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª ¥∂´¨πµ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ∞¥¥¨´∞®ª¨≥¿ ∑≥º∫ ™Ø¨π, "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º¨ ±®¥®∞∫. +’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ´º ∑π¨¥∞¨π 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ æ®∫ ® ∫ª∂π¿ ∂≠ ∫º™™¨∫∫, ®µ´ "®´∞≥≥®™ π¨®≥≥¿ ∫º™™¨¨´¨´ ∞µ ¥∂´¨πµ ’ª®∞ª ´¨ π’º∫∫∞ ∞¥¥’´∞®ª¨ ¨ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ™®∑ªºπ®∞ª ≥¨∫ ™®∑ªºπ∞µÆ 1∂≥≥∫-1∂¿™¨ ©º¿¨π∫, ©ºª ´∞´ µ∂ª ≥∂∂≤ π¨®≥≥¿ ®™Ø¨ª¨ºπ∫ ´¨ 1∂≥≥∫-1∂¿™¨. ,®∞∫ ∞≥ µ¨ ∫¨¥©≥®∞ª ∑®∫ Ωπ®∞¥¨µª !π∞ª∞∫Ø. ©π∞ª®µµ∞∏º¨.

3ب ∫º™™¨∫∫∂π ∫™Ø¨´º≥¨´ ≠∂π 1980 æ®∫ ©®∫¨´ º∑∂µ ®µ +¨ ∫º™™¨∫∫¨ºπ, ∑π∂Æ𮥥’ ∑∂ºπ 1980, ’ª®∞ª ≠®∞ª ∫∂º∫ ∞µ∫∑∞π®ª∞∂µ ∂≠ !∞≥≥ ,∞ª™Ø¨≥≥, "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨∫∞Ƶ ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨, æبµ ≥’∞µ∫∑∞π®ª∞∂µ ´¨ !∞≥≥ ,∞ª™Ø¨≥≥, ¨ø’™ºª∞≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ, ¨µ ≥∂∂≤∞µÆ ∂ºª ∂≠ Ø∞∫ Ø∂ª¨≥ ∫º∞ª¨ ´∂æµ ª∂ ªØ¨ ∫ªπ¨¨ª∫ ∂≠ +∂µ´∂µ π¨Æ®π´®µª ≥¨∫ πº¨∫ ´¨ +∂µ´π¨∫ ®º ¥◊¥¨ ª¨¥∑∫ ∏º¨ ∫® ≠¨¥¥¨ æØ∞≥¨ Ø∞∫ æ∞≠¨ 樵ª ∫Ø∂∑∑∞µÆ ∞µ !∂µ´ ∫ªπ¨¨ª. .µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≠®∞∫®∞ª ≥¨∫ ™∂ºπ∫ ¨µ !∂µ´ 2ªπ¨¨ª. 4µ¨ ´¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ¨ø’™ºª∞Ω¨∫ ´¨ ¥∂∫ª ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª ¨ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨ ™®π∫, ªØ¨ #®∞¥≥¨π #2 420, ∫ª∞≥≥ Æπ®µ´¨ ’Ω∞´¨µ™¨, ≥¨ #®∞¥≥¨π #2420 ∑∂πª®∞ª ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ≥¨ ©º∫ª≥¨- ™®ππ∞¨´ ªØ¨ „'∂∂∑¨π-#®∞¥≥¨π“-©º∫ª≥¨ªπºµ≤. "®´∞≥≥®™ ªπºµ≤ « '∂∂∑¨π-#®∞¥≥¨π ». "®´∞≥≥®™ ® ´’™∞´’ ´’®´∂∑ª¨π ™¨ªª¨ ´¨™∞´¨´ ª∂ ®´∂∑ª ªØ∞∫ ∫Ø®∑∞µÆ ≠∂π ªØ¨ µ¨æ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ®µ´ ≠∂𥨠∑∂ºπ ≥¨ µ∂ºΩ¨®º 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨, ¨ª ™π’® ≥¨ ∑π¨¥∞¨π « π¨ªπ∂ ™®π » ™π¨®ª¨´ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª π¨®≥ „π¨ªπ∂ ™®π“ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∞µ´º∫ªπ¿. 3Ø∞∫ ´¨∫∞Ƶ ´¨ ≥’∞µ´º∫ªπ∞¨. +¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ ™∂¥©∞µ®∞ª ≥® ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ¨ ´¨ ≥® ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ™∂¥©∞µ¨´ ©¨∫ª !π∞ª∞∫Ø ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ æ∞ªØ ¥∂∫ª ®´Ω®µ™¨´ ©π∞ª®µµ∞∏º¨ ®Ω¨™ ´¨∫ ’≥’¥¨µª∫ ≥¨∫ ∑≥º∫ ®Ω®µ™’∫ (™∂¥¥¨, ∑®π ≠¨®ªºπ¨∫ (®∫ ¨.Æ., ªØ¨ Ω®π∞®©≥¨ ´∞∫∑≥®™¨¥¨µª 58-6-4 ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ¨ø¨¥∑≥¨, ≥¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ´¨ ™¿≥∞µ´π’¨ Ω®π∞®©≥¨ 5-8-6-4 ´¨ 1981) ∏º∞ ∞µ 1981) ®≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ª∂ ªπ®Ω¨≥ ∞µ ´∞∫ª∞µ™ª∞Ω¨ ∫ª¿≥¨ æØ∞≥¨ ∑¨π¥¨ªª®∞¨µª ´¨ Ω∂¿®Æ¨π ¨µ ∫ª¿≥¨ ´∞∫ª∞µÆº’ ®º ¥◊¥¨ ª¨¥∑∫ ¨µ±∂¿∞µÆ ªØ¨ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ®∫ ∏º∞¨ª¨∫ª ™®π æ∂π≥´æ∞´¨. 3Ø∞∫ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ∏º¨ ©’µ’≠∞™∞¨π ´¨ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ≥® ∑≥º∫ ∫∞≥¨µ™∞¨ºø ´º ,∂µ´¨. "¨ª æ®∫ ™∂∑∞¨´ ©¿ π∞Ω®≥∫ ®©∂ºª 20 ¿¨®π∫ ≥®ª¨π, ®∫ !,6-1∂≥≥∫- 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ’ª®∞ª ∞¥∞ª’ ∑®π 1∂≥≥∫-1∂¿™¨ ¨µΩ¨π∫ 20 ®µ∫ ∑≥º∫ ª®π´ 1∂¿™¨ æØ¨π¨ ¨Ω¨µ ª∂´®¿ ªØ¨ /Ø®µª∂¥ ∫¨¨¥∫ ª∂ ©¨ ® ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ !,6-1∂≥≥∫-1∂¿™¨ ∂º, ¥◊¥¨ ®º±∂ºπ´’غ∞ ≥¨ /Ø®µ- ª®∫ª¨≥¨∫∫ ™∂∑¿ ∂≠ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ªπ¿∞µÆ ª∂ ∞¥∞ª®ª¨ ∞µª¨π∞∂π ´¨∫∞Ƶ, ª∂¥ ∫¨¥©≥¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ ™∂∑∞¨ ∫®µ∫ ©∂µµ¨ Æ∂ݪ¨ ´’ºµ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨, ∑∞µ∫ªπ∞∑∞µÆ ∂π ™Øπ∂¥¨ ªπ∞¥ ∂µ ªØ¨ Ø∂∂´. µ´ ∂ªØ¨π ®Ω¨™ ºµ ¨∫∫®¿¨ ® ∞¥∞ª¨π ≥¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ ´¨ ≥’∞µª’π∞¨ºπ, ≥¨ ∑¨∞µªºπ¨ ≠∞µ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∂π∫, ≥∞≤¨ ,¨π™¨´¨∫ "+2 ∂π 56 /®∫∫®ª "", ™∂∑∞¨´ ¨ª ≥¨ ™Øπ∂¥¨ ´º ™®∑∂ª. +® ™∂µ™ºπ𨵙¨ ,¨π™¨´¨∫ "+5 ¨ª 56 ªØ¨ ≠𮥨≥¨∫∫ ´∂∂π∫ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ∞µªπ∂´º™¨´ 1980. /®∫∫®ª "" ∞¥∞ª÷𨵪 ≥¨∫ ∑∂πª∫ ∫®µ∫ ¨µ™®´π¨¥¨µª∫ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ ∞µ- ªπ∂´º∞ª∫ ¨µ 1980. 3غ∫, 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª∫ !π∞ª∞∫Ø ∫ª¿≥¨ ®ª ∞ª∫ ©¨∫ª ®µ´ ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª¨∫ ªØ®ª ∑π∂Æπ¨∫∫ ∫∂¥¨ª∞¥¨∫ ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª π¨∏º∞π¨ ® +¨ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨, ´∂µ™, π¨∑π’∫¨µª¨ ≥¨ ∫ª¿≥¨ ©π∞ª®µµ∞∏º¨ ® ∫∂µ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ∫ª¨∑ ≠∂πæ®π´ ©ºª ¥®¿ ©¨ ©¨ªª¨π ®™Ø∞¨Ω®©≥¨ ©¿ ∑π¨∫¨πΩ∞µÆ ¨ª ∞µ´∞∏º¨ ∏º¨ ∑®π≠∂∞∫ ≥¨ ∑π∂Æπ÷∫ µ¨ ´¨¥®µ´¨ ∑®∫ ºµ ∑®∫ ¨µ ®µ´ ™®π¨≠º≥≥¿ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑∞µÆ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ Ω®≥º¨∫ - ©®™≤ ª∂ ªØ¨ ®Ω®µª ¥®∞∫ ∑¨ºª ◊ªπ¨ ƮƵ’ ∑®π ≥® ™∂µ∫¨πΩ®ª∞∂µ ¨ª ´’Ω¨≥∂∑∑¨- π∂∂ª∫ ∂≠ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿. ¥¨µª ∫∂∞Ƶ¨ºø ´¨∫ Ω®≥¨ºπ∫ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨∫ – ºµ π¨ª∂ºπ Ω¨π∫ ≥¨∫ π®™∞µ¨∫ ´¨ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨. 24 CADILLAC CLUB GREAT BRITAIN

Cadillac Owners Club of Great Britain Newest Cadillac 2009 C/o Bob Thomas, Most common model: 1959 (various) and 15 Bleakley Avenue, Notton, 1999-2002 STS Sevilles Wakefield WF4 2NT, Club magazine bi-monthly (6 per year) United Kingdom. Twelve of our members are also members of the CLC in America. Club President: Peter

Griffith (see right) Brief History: The Cadillac Owners Club of Great Britain Treasurer: Bob Thomas was formed in July 1991 with Julian Lodge as chairman. The Magazine and Website: Rob Maidment first newsletter appeared at the end of 1991 and the first Cadillac gathering was held in 1992, at which more than two Membership: Rod Bevan hundred Cadillacs turned out from all over the country. Over Date of founding:19 91 the next few years the club grew steadily, with regular monthly meetings held in Leicester and Epping and an annual Members: max recent years 307, average 250 ‘Cadillac Spectacular’ held at various central locations. Oldest Cadillac: 1903 In 1994, Bob Thomas took over as Chairman, and during 1996, Rob Maidment joined as International Liaison, with the club eventually affiliating to the Cadillac LaSalle Club of America. Rob then took over editing the magazine and two years later started the COCGB website, both of which he continues to do.

In 1998, Peter Griffith was elected Chairman, and remains in the role to his day. The 2003 ‘Grand International’ and the re-enactment of the 1903 RAC 1,000-mile Endurance Run was staged by the club at Crystal Palace, London, at which Sir Stirling Moss generously officiated. Stirling did this in lieu of having driven the 1903 ‘Bennett’ Cadillac 50 years earlier with Fred Bennett, the man responsible for Cadillac’s double winning of the Dewar Trophy. Julian Bennett, Fred Bennett’s grandson, successfully completed the 2003 Run, featuring in numerous magazines and newspapers and three times on BBC Television.

In 2007, Paul Moss became the present Show Organiser, concentrating on smaller but more intrinsically interesting Club get-togethers. On the sudden death of Ray Giles in 2009, Bob Thomas took over as Treasurer while continuing as Membership Secretary. At the 2010 Annual General Meeting, Rod Bevan volunteered for Membership Secretary, thereby bringing the Committee back up to strength.

25 Suisse: Cadillac Fleetwood

3بπ¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ∂ªØ¨π ™®π µ®¥¨ (≥ µ’¿ ® ∑®∫ ®º™ºµ ®ºªπ¨ µ∂¥ ∞µ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ æØ∞™Ø ∞∫ ®∫ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ¥∂µ´¨ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∏º∞ ∫¨≥≠-¨ø∑≥®∞µ∞µÆ ®∫ ∫’¨ø∑≥∞∏º¨ ®∫∫¨¡ ©∞¨µ ´¨ ∫∂∞- „%≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´“. .π∞Æ∞µ®≥≥¿ ¥◊¥¨ ∏º¨ ≥¨ « %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ». ∂µ≥¿ ªØ¨ ©π®µ´ ∂≠ ® ©∂´¿ #’∂π∞Æ∞µ¨ ∏º¨ ≥® ¥®π∏º¨ ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨π ≥®ª¨π ∂µ ´’ºµ ™®ππ∂∫∫∞¨π ¨ª ¨µ∫º∞ª ∑π∞∫ ª®≤¨µ ∂Ω¨π ©¿ &,, ªØ∞∫ ∑®π &,, ≥¨ µ∂¥ µ¨ ´’≠∞µ∞¨ µ®¥¨ ´∂¨∫ ∂µ≥¿ ´¨≠∞µ¨ ∂µ¨ ∏º’ºµ¨ ™Ø∂∫¨ : ™¨ªª¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ªØ∞µÆ: 3Ø∞∫ ™®π Ø®∫ ª∂ ©¨ ªØ¨ ´¨Ω®∞ª ◊ªπ¨ ≥¨ Ω®∞∫∫¨®º ®¥∞- ≠≥®Æ∫Ø∞∑ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®∫ π®≥ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥® æ∂π≥´∫ ¥∂∫ª ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª ¥®π∏º¨ ≥ºø¨ ≥® ∑≥º∫ ∞¥∑∂π- ≥ºøºπ¿ ©π®µ´. !º¿ ® ª®µª ´º ,∂µ´¨. ™Ø¨ª¨π ºµ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ∂≠ ®µ¿ ¥∂´¨≥ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ´¨ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠¿¨®π ®µ´ ¿∂º ≤µ∂æ ªØ¨π¨ ∏º¨≥≥¨ ®µµ’¨ ¨ª Ω∂º∫ ∫®ºπ¨¡ æ®∫ µ¨Ω¨π ® ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∂π ∏º’∞≥ µ ¿ ®Ω®∞ª ±®¥®∞∫ ºµ ™∂µ- ®©≥¨ ª∂ ¥®ª™Ø ªØ∞∫ ∫º∑¨π© ™ºπ𨵪 ™®∑®©≥¨ ´¨ π∞Ω®≥∞∫¨π ©≥¨µ´ ∂≠ ´∞∫ª∞µ™ª∞∂µ, ™≥®∫∫, ™¨ªª¨ ¥’≥®µÆ¨ ∫º∑¨π©¨ ´¨ Æ≥®¥∂ºπ ®µ´ ≥¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑ ∞µ ´∞∫ª∞µ™ª∞∂µ, ™≥®∫∫¨, Æ≥®¥∂ºπ, ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ ®µ´ ∫ª¿≥∞µÆ. ¨ª ∏º®≥∞ª’ ´®µ∫ ≥’®πª ´’∞µÆ’µ∞¨ºπ ¨ª ´º ∫ª¿≥¨. 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ æ¨ ®π¨ ∑π∂º´ ª∂ ∑π¨∫¨µª %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ®∫ -∂º∫ ∫∂¥¥¨, ∑®π ™∂µ∫’- „2æ∞ª¡¨π≥®µ´“ "®´∞≥≥®™. ∏º¨µª, ≠∞¨π ´¨ ∑π’∫¨µª¨π ≥¨ !¨∞µÆ ªØ¨ ™∂ºµª¿ æبπ¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥- „©∞Æ ¥∂µ¨¿“ ≠π∂¥ ®≥≥ ∂Ω¨π ≥®™ « 2º∞∫∫¨ ». $ª®µª ≥¨ ∑®¿∫ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ∞∫ ≠ºµ´¨´ ©¿ ªØ¨ ´º ,∂µ´¨ ∂º « ≥’®πƨµª π∞™Ø ®µ´ ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥ ∑¨∂∑≥¨, Æπ®µ´ » ∫º∑∑∂𪨠≥¨∫ ƨµ∫ ∞µ¨Ω∞ª®©≥¿ 2æ∞∫∫ ©®µ≤∞µÆ ∞∫ π∞™Ø¨∫ ¨ª ©¨®ºø, ™’¨∫ª ∞µ’Ω∞- ≤µ∂æµ ≠∂π ∞ª∫ ´∞∫™π¨¨ª, ª®©≥¨ ∏º¨ ≥® ©®µ∏º¨ ∫º∞∫∫¨ π¨∫∑¨™ª®©≥¨ ∫¨πΩ∞™¨. ¨∫ª ™∂µµº¨ ∑∂ºπ ºµ¨ ∫¨πΩ∞™¨ ∑¨π≠¨™ª ∫ºπ∂ºµ´∞µÆ ≠∂π ´∞∫™π÷ª¨ ¨ª π¨∫∑¨™ªº¨º∫¨ : ºµ ≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π∫ ∂≠ ©∂ªØ ©®µ≤¨π∫ ¨µ™®´π¨¥¨µª ∑®π≠®∞ª ∑∂ºπ ®µ´ ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫. 3بπ¨≠∂π¨, ≥¨∫ ©®µ∏º∞¨π∫ ¨ª ≥¨ºπ∫ ™≥∞¨µª∫. ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ®≥≥¿ 2æ∞ª¡¨π≥®µ´ ∞∫ $ºπ∂∑¨‘∫ ™∂ºµªπ¿ æبπ¨ +® 2º∞∫∫¨ ¨∫ª ´¨ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ, ´∂µ™, ≥¨ ∑®¿∫ ¨ºπ∂∑’¨µ ∂º ≥¨∫ "®- "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ®π¨ ¨µ´¨¥∞™, ®µ´ ®¥∂µÆ ªØ¨¥, %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ´∂¨∫ ´∞≥≥®™∫ ∫∂µª ©∞¨µ π’∑®µ´º∫. $ª ∑®π¥∞ ¨ºø ≥¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´, ∏º∞ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª ∞µ ªØ¨ ©¨∫ª ∑∂∫∫∞©≥¨ ¥®µµ¨π ª∂∑-∂≠-ªØ¨-æ∂π≥´ π¨∑π’∫¨µª¨ ´’ºµ¨ ¥®µ∞÷π¨ ¨ø™¨≥≥¨µª¨ ≥¨∫ ∏º®≥∞ª’∫ ´’Ø®ºª¨ºπ ∏º®≥∞ª∞¨∫ æØ∞™Ø ®π¨ ª¿∑∞™®≥≥¿ ≠∂π 2æ∞ª¡¨π≥®µ´: ™∂¥∑¨ª¨µ™¨, ∏º∞ ∫∂µª ´º ª¿∑∞∏º¨ ∑∂ºπ ≥® 2º∞∫∫¨ : ≥® ™®∑®™∞ª’, ´º ≥ºø¨ ™∂µ- ™∂µ∫∞∫ª¨µª ®µ´ ´¨™¨µª ≥ºøºπ¿, ®µ´ ≥®∫ª ©ºª µ∂ª ≥¨®∫ª ∫∞∫ª¨µª ¨ª ´’™¨µª, ≥® ≥∂µÆ’Ω∞ª’, ≥® ∫∂∑Ø∞∫ª∞™®ª∞∂µ ¨ª ≥® ≠∂µ™ª∞∂µ- ≥∂µÆ¨Ω∞ª¿, ∫∂∑Ø∞∫ª∞™®ª∞∂µ ®µ´ ∑¨π≠¨™ª ≠ºµ™ª∞∂µ ®∫ µ¨¥¨µª ∑®π≠®∞ª ´¨∫ ¥∂µªπ¨∫ ∫º∞∫∫¨. Ø®µ´™π®≠ª¨´ 2æ∞∫∫ 殪™Ø¨∫. "∂µ´º∞π¨ ¨µ 2º∞∫∫¨ π’Ω÷≥¨ ≥’∞µª¨π®™ª∞∂µ ∑®π≠®∞ª¨ ¨µªπ¨ ≥® µ®- #π∞Ω∞µÆ ∞µ 2æ∞ª¡¨π≥®µ´ ´∂¨∫ ®≥∫∂ π¨Ω¨®≥ ® ∑¨π≠¨™ª ∞µª¨π®™ª∞∂µ ªºπ¨ ¨ª ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨. $µ ¥∂µª®µª ≥¨∫ ∑¨µª¨∫ ∂µ ©’µ’≠∞™¨ ´¨∫ Ωº¨∫ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ µ®ªºπ¨ ®µ´ ™®π: "≥∞¥©∞µÆ º∑Ø∞≥≥∫ ¿∂º ¨µ±∂¿ ¥∂µª®Æµ¨ºø ≠®µª®∫ª∞∏º¨∫ ∫®µ∫ ®º™ºµ ©πº∞ª Æ◊µ®µª ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ∑Ø®µª®∫ª∞™ ¥∂ºµª®∞µ ∫™¨µ¨π¿ æ∞ªØ∂ºª ®µ¿ ´∞∫ªºπ©∞µÆ µ∂∞∫¨ ≥¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ´¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ®Ω¨™ ´º Æπ®µ´ ™∂º∑≥¨ Ω∂º∫ ∑¨π¥¨ªªπ¨ ©¨™®º∫¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´‘∫ ¨µÆ∞µ¨ æ∞ªØ ∞ª∫ ≥∂æ-¨µ´ ª∂π∏º¨ ®≥≥∂æ∫ ´¨ ¥∂µª¨π ® ≥® Ω∞ª¨∫∫¨ ´º Æπ®µ´ π®≥¨µª∞ ∂𠺵¨ ™≥®∫∫¨ 2 !¨µ¡ ª∂ ®∫™¨µ´ æ∞ªØ ∞´≥¨ ∫∑¨¨´ æØ¨π¨ ¨Ω¨µ ®µ 2-"≥®∫∫ !¨µ¡ ∂π ® ∂º !,6 7 ®Ω¨™ ºµ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ´¨ 12 ™¿≥∞µ´π¨∫ ∑π∂´º∞∫¨µª ºµ !,6 7 æ∞ªØ 12-™¿≥∞µ´¨π-¨µÆ∞µ¨ ∑π∂´º™¨ ® ©ºπ∑∞µÆ µ∂∞∫¨ ©πº∞ª ´’∫®Æπ’®©≥¨ ™®π ∞≥∫ ∂µª ©¨∫∂∞µ ´¨ Ø®ºª¨∫ π’Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ∫ ©¨™®º∫¨ ªØ¨¿ µ¨¨´ Ø∞ÆØ π∑¥ ª∂ ™≥∞¥©. (≠ ª¨¥∑¨π®ªºπ¨ ∫Ø∂º≥´ ∑∂ºπ ¥∂µª¨π. 2∞ ≥® ª¨¥∑’π®ªºπ¨ ª∂¥©¨ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ´¨™π¨®∫¨ ©¨™®º∫¨ ¿∂º π¨®™Ø¨´ ªØ¨ ª∂∑ ∂≠ ©∞Æ 2ª. !¨πµØ®π´ ƮƵ’ ≥¨ ™∞¥¨ ´º ™∂≥ &π®µ´ 2ª !¨πµ®π´ ® 2.469 ¥÷ªπ¨∫, ≥¨ %≥¨¨ª- ™∂≥ ®ª 2.469 ¥¨ªπ¨∫, %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª π¨∏º∞π¨ ®µ¿ ®™ª∞∂µ æ∂∂´ µ’® ∑®∫ ©¨∫∂∞µ ´’®º™ºµ ®™ª∞∂µ ´¨ Ω∂ªπ¨ ∑®πª. +¨ ™∂µªπ∂≥ ©¨™®º∫¨ ™≥∞¥®ª¨ ™∂µªπ∂≥ ´∂¨∫ ¥®∞µª®∞µ ∑¨π≠¨™ª≥¿ ªØ¨ ´º ™≥∞¥ ¨µªπ¨ª∞¨µ ∑®π≠®∞ª¨¥¨µª ≥¨ ª¨¥∑’π®ªºπ¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ª¨¥∑¨π®ªºπ¨ ¿∂º ®´±º∫ª¨´ ªØ¨ ´®¿ ¿∂º ∑ºπ™Ø®∫¨´ ªØ¨ ™®π ®±º∫ª’ ≥¨ ±∂ºπ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ®™Ø¨ª’ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ – ¨ª π¨∫ª¨ ∞µ™Ø®µ- ®µ´ µ¨Ω¨π ™Ø®µÆ¨´ ∞ª ©¨™®º∫¨ ªØ¨ ™®π ´∂¨∫ ªØ∞∫ ±∂© ∑¨π≠¨™ª≥¿. Æ’ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ ≥’®ºª∂ ≠®∞ª ∫∂µ ªπ®Ω®∞≥≥¨ ´¨ ∑¨π≠¨™ª∞∂µ.

+∂∂≤∞µÆ ≠∂π ∫º¥¥∞ª ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ ∞µ $ºπ∂∑¨, ªØ¨π¨ $µ ™Ø¨π™Ø®µª ∑∂ºπ ≥® ™∞¥¨ ´’¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨ ®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨ ¨µ $ºπ∂- ∞∫ µ∂ ©¨ªª¨π π¨™∂¥¥¨µ´®ª∞∂µ ªØ®µ ª∂ ™∂¥©∞µ¨ ≥∑∞µ¨ ∑¨, ∞≥ µ ¿ ® ∑®∫ π¨™∂¥¥®µ´®ª∞∂µ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ∏º¨ ≥® ™∂¥©∞µ®∞∫∂µ ∫™¨µ¨π¿ ∂≠ 2æ∞ª¡¨π≥®µ´ æ∞ªØ ºµ∫ºπ¥∂ºµª®©≥¨ ≠≥®∞π ∂≠ ´¨∫ Ωº¨∫ ®≥∑∞µ¨∫ ∫º∞∫∫¨∫ ¨ª ≥’’≥®µ ∞µ∫ºπ¥∂µª®©≥¨ ´¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´: %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´: ∑π∂º´, Æ≥¨®¥∞µÆ, ™∂µ≠∞´¨µª ≥∞≠¨. ºµ¨ Ω∞¨ ≠∞÷π¨, ©π∞≥≥®µª¨ ¨ª ™∂µ≠∞´¨µª¨.

26 CADILLAC CLUB SWITZERLAND

Cadillac Club of Switzerland Arion M. Scheifele, President, Wilweg 6 CH-4437 Waldenburg (Schweiz)

Präsident: Arion M. Scheifele Vizepräsident: Fredy Ursprung Sekretär: Christian Hardegger Kassier: Emmanuel Fässler Beisitzer: Kurt Schellenberg date of founding: 20 October 1984

Number of members: 153 (228 cars) oldest Cadillacs of the members: 1926 Coupé Golfer, 1926 Touring Conv., 1926 S.314 Custom Phaeton Youngest Cadillac of members: Arion Scheifele, President 2010 SRX Most common Cadillac model and year in the club 1959 (13 of 228 cars, about ca. 6%) name and period of publishing of club magazine DRIVE-IN, appearing quarterly

14 members are also CLC members

Above: Swiss perfection: Exact car statistics chart Right: Title of „DRIVE-IN“ Club magazine 27 Sweden:

2™®µ´∞µ®Ω∞® - ªØ¨ π¨®≥ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∑®π®´∞∫¨ ≠∂π 4.2. ™®π ¨µ- 2™®µ´∞µ®Ω∞¨ – ≥¨ Ωπ®∞ ∑®π®´∞∫ ¨ºπ∂∑’¨µ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ ∑®∫∫∞∂µµ’ ´¨ ªØº∫∞®∫ª∫. -∂ ∂ªØ¨π ™∂ºµªπ¿ ∂ºª∫∞´¨ ¥¨π∞™® ∂≠≠¨π∫ ® ™∂¥- Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨∫. (≥ µ’¿ ® ∑®∫ ®ºªπ¨ ∑®¿∫ ®º ´¨Ø∂π∫ ´¨∫ ∑®π®©≥¨ µº¥©¨π ∂≠ 4.2. ™≥®∫∫∞™∫ ∂µ ªØ¨ ∫ªπ¨¨ª∫. ππ∞Ω∞µÆ ∞µ $ª®ª∫-4µ∞∫ ∏º∞ ∂≠≠π¨ ºµ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨ ™∂¥∑®π®©≥¨ ´¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ™≥®∫- 2樴¨µ ≠∂π ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª ª∞¥¨, ¿∂º ©¨≥∞¨Ω¨ ª∂ ©¨ ªØ¨ Ω∞™ª∞¥ ∂≠ ® ∫∞∏º¨∫ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨∫ ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ™Ø®º∫∫’∫. ππ∞Ω®µª ¨µ 2º÷´¨ ∑∂ºπ ª∞¥¨ ∫Ø∞≠ª: +¨®Ω∞µÆ ¿∂ºπ "®´∞≥≥®™, ® 1963 !º∞™≤ $≥¨™ªπ® 225 ∑π¨¥∞÷π¨ ≠∂∞∫ ∂µ ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ ∏º’∂µ ¨∫ª Ω∞™ª∞¥¨ ´’ºµ¨ ´’∑≥®™¨- ∫≥∂æ≥¿ ™∂®∫ª∫ ´∂æµ. ª ªØ¨ ∫Ø∂∑∑∞µÆ ¥®≥≥ ©¨µ¨®ªØ ¿∂ºπ ¥¨µª ´º ª¨¥∑∫. +®∞∫∫®µª Ω∂ªπ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™, ºµ !º∞™≤ $≥¨™ªπ® ™®π ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ ® ∑®∫ª¨≥ ©≥º¨ 1955 .≥´∫ #¨≥ª® 88 6®Æ∂µ. µ´ 225 ´¨∫™¨µ´¨ ´∂º™¨¥¨µª. º « ¥®≥≥ » ¨µ ´¨∫∫∂º∫ ´¨ Ω∂ªπ¨ ≥®ª¨π, ∞µ ªØ¨ ™¨µª¨π ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∫¥®≥≥ ª∂æµ, ¿∂º ™®µ ∫¨¨ ® ¿¨≥≥∂æ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∞≥ ¿ ® ºµ .≥´∫ #¨≥ª® 88 6®Æ∂µ ´¨ 1955 ¨µ ©≥¨º ≥’ƨπ. 1959 "∂º∑¨ ´¨5∞≥≥¨ ∞µ ªØ¨ ∑®π≤∞µÆ ≥∂ª. µ´ ∞≠ ¿∂º ∫Ø∂º≥´ /≥º∫ ª®π´, ®º ™¨µªπ¨ ´’ºµ¨ ∑¨ª∞ª¨ Ω∞≥≥¨ Ω∂º∫ ∑∂ºΩ¨¡ Ω∂∞π¨ ºµ ®ªª¨µ´ ® ≥∞ªª≥¨ ™®π ¥¨¨ª∞µÆ - µ∂ª ªØ¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ 5≈∫ª¨π®∫ ∂π "∂º∑’ ´¨ 5∞≥≥¨ ¨µ ±®ºµ¨ ´¨ 1959 ∫ºπ ≥¨ ∑®π≤∞µÆ. 2∞ Ω∂º∫ Ω∞∫∞- 1≈ªªΩ∞≤ ¥¨¨ª∞µÆ∫ æØ¨π¨ ¿∂º ¥®¿ µ∂ª∞™¨ ∂Ω¨π 10.000 (!) 4.2. ª∞¨¡ ºµ¨ ∑¨ª∞ª¨ π’ºµ∞∂µ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ - ∑®∫ ≥® ≠®¥¨º∫¨ 5≈∫ª¨π®∫ ™®π∫ - ¿∂º æ∞≥≥ ©¨ ∫ªºµµ¨´ ¨µ´≥¨∫∫≥¿: #¨2∂ª∂ ´Ω¨µªºπ¨π, ∂º 1≈ªªΩ∞≤ ∂º ∂µ ªπ∂ºΩ¨ ∑≥º∫ ´¨ 10.000 ( !) ®ºª∂∫ 42 – Ω∂º∫ ,¨π™ºπ¿ ,∂µª¨π¨¿, 'º´∫∂µ '∂𵨪, /∂µª∞®™ "Ø∞¨≠ª®∞µ ®µ´ ∫¨π¨¡ ’ª∂µµ’∫ ∫®µ∫ ≠∞µ : #¨2∂ª∂ ´Ω¨µªºπ¨π, ,¨π™ºπ¿ ,∂µª¨- ªæ∂ /∂µª∞®™ "®ª®≥∞µ® 2ª®ª∞∂µ 6®Æ∂µ∫, ®≥≥ ∂≠ ªØ¨ %∞ª≠∞ª¨∫ ®µ´ π¨¿, 'º´∫∂µ '∂𵨪, /∂µª∞®™ "Ø∞¨≠ª®µ, ¨ª ´¨ºø /∂µª∞®™ "®ª®- ®≥≥ ∞µ ∑¨π≠¨™ª ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ, ©¨ªª¨π ªØ®µ ¥º∫¨º¥ ∏º®≥∞ª¿! ≥∞µ® 2ª®ª∞∂µ 6®Æ∂µ∫ – ª∂ºª¨∫ ´¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’50 ¨ª ª∂ºª¨∫ ¨µ ™∂µ- ´∞ª∞∂µ ∑®π≠®∞ª¨, ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ∏º¨ ™∂µ´∞ª∞∂µ ´º ¥º∫’¨. 2樴¨µ∫ æ∞µª¨π ´®¿∫ æ∞ªØ ®ª ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ∂µ≥¿ ∫∂¥¨ ªæ∂ ∂π ªØ𨨠Ø∂ºπ∫ ∂≠ ∫ºµ ®≥≥∂æ ¿∂º ª∂ ™®ππ¿ ∂ºª ™®π æ∂π≤∫ ≠∂π ªØ¨ +¨∫ ±∂ºπ∫ Ø∞Ω¨πµ®ºø ´¨ 2º÷´¨ ®Ω¨™ ®º ∑≥º∫ ∏º¨ ´¨ºø ∂º ªπ∂∞∫ æØ∂≥¨ æ∞µª¨π, ®µ´ æبµ ¥∞´∫º¥¥¨π ´®¿∫ ®ππ∞Ω¨, ¿∂º ™®µ بºπ∫ ´º ∫∂≥¨∞≥ ´∂µµ¨µª ≥’∂™™®∫∞∂µ ´¨ ≠®∞π¨ ≥¨∫ ªπ®Ω®ºø ∫ºπ ¨µ±∂¿ ∫ºµ∫Ø∞µ¨ µ¨®π≥¿ ®≥≥ ´®¿ ≥∂µÆ ∂µ ªØ¨ ∑∂≥∞∫ب´ ∫ºπ≠®™¨ ≥¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ∑∂ºπ ª∂ºª ≥’Ø∞Ω¨π. +’’ª’ Ω∂º∫ ∑∂ºΩ¨¡ ∑π∂≠∞ª¨π ∂≠ ∑®∞µª. 2∂ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ ∂µ¨ ™≥¨®π ™Ø∂∞™¨ ≠∂π ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∂≠ 2æ¨- ´’ºµ ∫∂≥¨∞≥ ∑π¨∫∏º¨ ª∂ºª¨ ≥® ±∂ºπµ’¨ ∫ºπ ≥® ∫ºπ≠®™¨ ∑∂µ™’ ´¨ ≥® ´¨µ: 3ب "®´∞≥≥®™ !π∂ºÆØ®¥. !¨™®º∫¨ ªØ¨ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ¥®¿ ∑¨∞µªºπ¨. (≥ ¿ µ’® ´∂µ™ ∏º¨ ºµ¨ ∫¨º≥¨ ™Ø∂∞ø ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨ ©¨ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ®ºªØ¨µª∞™ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¨Ω¨π æ∞ªØ ® ≠∂π¥ ´¨≠∞µ∞µÆ 2º÷´¨ : ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ !π∂ºÆØ®¥. +¨ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ∑∂ºππ®∞ª ◊ªπ¨ ≥¨ ≠∂π ®≥≥ ª∞¥¨∫ Ø∂æ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ Ø®∫ ª∂ ®∑∑¨®π: !∂≥´, ∫ªπ®∞Æت, "®´∞≥≥®™ ≥¨ ∑≥º∫ ®ºªØ¨µª∞∏º¨ ´¨ ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ®Ω¨™ ºµ¨ ≥∞Ƶ¨ ∏º∞ ≠∂π¥®≥ ©ºª π∞ª¡¿. (ª‘∫ ®≥∫∂ ªØ¨ ب®πª©¨®ª ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™: ªØ¨ ≥®∫ª ´’≠∞µ∞ª ™∂¥¥¨µª ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ≠®ºª ◊ªπ¨ : ª’¥’π®∞π¨, ´π∂∞ª, ≠∂π- "®´∞≥≥®™ ®∫∫¨¥©≥¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ "≥®π≤ Ω¨µº¨ ∑≥®µª, ¥®¿©¨ ªØ¨ ¥¨≥, ¥®∞∫ « π∞ª¡¿ ». (≥ ¨∫ª ≥¨ ∑∂º≥∫ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ : ≥¨ ´¨πµ∞¨π ≥®∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™ Ø®Ω∞µÆ ∞ª∫ ∂æµ ∫∂º≥. 3ب 5-≥∞ªπ¨ „(π∂µ #º≤¨“ ±®¥®∞∫ ≠®∞ª ® ≥’º∫∞µ¨ ´¨ "≥®π≤ Ω¨.; ∑¨ºª ◊ªπ¨ ≥¨ ´¨πµ∞¨π "®´∞≥- ∞µ ªØ¨ ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ©®¿ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π¨´ ©¿ .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨, ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ©¨∫ª ≥®™ ®Ω¨™ ∫® ∑π∂∑π¨ ƒ¥¨. +¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ « (π∂µ #º≤¨ » ∫∂º∫ ≥¨ ¨µÆ∞µ¨∫ ¨Ω¨π ©º∞≥ª, ∫∞≥≤¿, ≥∂æ ≠º¨≥ ™∂µ∫º¥∑ª∞∂µ, ¨µ´≥¨∫∫ ™®∑∂ª – ≥∞Ωπ’ ∑®π .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨ – ¨∫ª ∑®π¥∞ ≥¨∫ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ∫ ¥∂- ª∂π∏º¨ ≠∂π ® ¥∞≥≥∞∂µ ªπ∂º©≥¨-≠𨨠¥∞≥¨∫, ®≥≥º´∞µÆ ª∂ ªØ¨ ≥∂Ω¨ ª¨ºπ∫ ±®¥®∞∫ ≠®∞ª, ´∂ºø, ®Ω¨™ ≠®∞©≥¨ ™∂µ∫º¥®ª∞∂µ ´º ™®π©º- ∂≠ 2樴¨µ∫ ≠¨≥≥∂æ∫ ≠∂π ®≥≥ 4.2. ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨π∫. 𮵪, ™∂º∑≥¨ ∫®µ∫ ≠∞µ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨∫ ¥∞≥≥∞∂µ∫ ´¨∫ ¥∞≥¨∫ ∫®µ∫ ∫∂º™∞∫ ∫¨ π’≠÷π¨ ® ≥’®¥∂ºπ ´¨∫ Æ®π∫ ∫º’´∂∞∫ ∑∂ºπ ª∂º∫ ≥¨∫ ≠®©π∞™®µª∫ 2™®µ´∞µ®Ω∞®µ ¥∂ª∂π殿∫ ®π¨ ∑®πª∞™º≥®π≥¿ ´¨∫∞Ƶ¨´ ≠∂𠮥’π∞™®∞µ¨∫. ™πº∞∫∞µÆ - ™π∂∫∫ ªØ¨ ©∂π´¨π, ∫¨ª ™πº∞∫¨ ™∂µªπ∂≥ ª∂ 55 ¥∞≥¨∫ ®µ´ ´π∞Ω¨ ≠∂π ® æØ∂≥¨ ´®¿, ª®≤¨ ªØ¨ ª∞¥¨ ª∂ ≥∂∂≤ ®ª ªØ¨ +¨∫ ®ºª∂π∂ºª¨∫ ∫™®µ´∞µ®Ω¨∫ ∫∂µª ´¨∫∫∞µ’∫ ∫∑’™∞≠∞∏º¨¥¨µª ∂ªØ¨π π∂®´ ™πº∞∫¨π∫ ®µ´ ªØ¨ ¥¨≥≥∞≠≥º∂º∫ 2樴∞∫Ø ∑®µ∂π®- ∑∂ºπ ©®≥®´¨π : ªπ®Ω¨π∫¨π ≥® ≠π∂µª∞÷π¨, ¥¨ªªπ¨ ≥¨ ™πº∞∫¨ ™∂µªπ∂≥ ® ¥®: ≠≥∂æ¨π¨´ ¥¨®´∂æ∫, „%®≥ºµ“-π¨´ æ∂∂´¨µ Ø∂º∫¨∫, 55 ¥.∑.Ø. ¨ª π∂º≥¨π ∑∂ºπ ª∂ºª¨ ≥® ±∂ºπµ’¨. /π¨µ´π¨ ´º ª¨¥∑∫ ™Ø®π¥∞µÆ Ø®π©∂ºπ∫, ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞Ω¨ π∂™≤ ´π®æ∞µÆ∫ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ∑∂ºπ ∂©∫¨πΩ¨π ≥¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ π∂ºª®π´∫ ¨ª ≥® Ωº¨ ´∂º™¨π¨º∫¨ ´¨∫ !π∂µ¡¨ ƨ, ®µ´ ®ª ≥®∫ª ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ !π∂ºÆØ®¥ ∑®π≤¨´ ®ª ∑π÷∫ ≠≥¨ºπ∞∫ ∫º’´∂∞∫, ≥¨∫ ¥®∞∫∂µ∫ « %®≥ºµ » ¨µ ©∂∞∫ π∂ºÆ¨, ≥¨∫ ªØ¨ ∫Ø∂π¨≥∞µ¨ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ ªØ¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ π¨´ ™≥∞≠≠∫ ∂≠ 2樴∞∫Ø ∑¨ª∞ª∫ Ø®Ωπ¨∫ ´º ™Ø®π¥¨ ¨ª ≥¨∫ ´¨∫∫∞µ∫ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µµ®µª∫ ∫ºπ æ¨∫ª ™∂®∫ª, Æ≥¨®¥∞µÆ ∞µ ªØ¨ ∞µª¨µ∫¨≥¿ ∂π®µÆ¨ ∫Ø∞µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≥¨∫ π∂™Ø¨∫ ´¨ ≥’ ƨ ´¨ !π∂µ¡¨. $ª ≥¨ ´¨πµ∞¨π "®´∞≥≥®™ !π∂ºÆ- ¥∞´∫º¥¥¨π ∫ºµ - ® ™®π ªØ®ª æ®∫ ™π¨®ª¨´ ≠∂π ªØ∞∫ ™∂ºµ- Ø®¥ Æ®π’ ∫ºπ ≥® ™Łª¨ ¨µªπ¨ ≥¨∫ ≠®¥¨º∫¨∫ ≠®≥®∞∫¨∫ π∂ºÆ¨∫ ´¨ ≥® ªπ¿... ™Łª¨ ∂™™∞´¨µª®≥¨ ´º 2º÷´¨, ©π∞≥≥®µª¨ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ∫∂≥¨∞≥ ∞µª¨µ∫¨ ¨ª ∂π®µÆ¨ ´º ™ðºπ ´’’ª’ – ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ≠®∞ª ∑∂ºπ ™¨ ∑®¿∫. 28 CADILLAC CLUB SWEDEN Cadillac Automobile Club Kulladalsvägen 17, S-44832 Floda, Sweden

Club President: Tage M. Jingnert (see right) Secretary Anita Andersson-Rask Foeign Secretary & Liaison Anders S. Wald (see right below)

Date of founding: 1972 Members: 1000 members Oldest Cadillac: 1913 Newest Cadillac 2010 Most common model: 1958 Club magazine is Cadillac Automobile Club Magazine. It appears four times a year. 35 of our members are also members of the CLC in America.

29 Netherlands: Cadillac Calais

3ب -¨ªØ¨π≥®µ´∫ Ø®Ω¨ ® Æ𨮪 ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ∫¨®≠®π∞µÆ. 3Ø®ª +¨∫ /®¿∫-!®∫ ∂µª ºµ¨ Æπ®µ´¨ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ¥®π∞µ¨. ,◊¥¨ ¥®≤¨∫ ¿∂º ≠¨¨≥ ¨Ω¨µ ª∂´®¿ ªØ®ª #ºª™Ø ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ®π¨ ®º±∂ºπ´’غ∞ ∂µ ® ≥’∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ ∏º¨ ≥¨∫ '∂≥≥®µ´®∞∫ ∫∂µª ´¨ ™∂∫¥∂∑∂≥∞ª®µ∫. !¨∫ª ∑π¨π¨∏º∞∫∞ª¨∫ ≠∂π ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ® "®´∞≥≥®™. ™∂∫¥∂∑∂≥∞ª¨∫. %®∞∫®µª π’≠’𨵙¨ ¥®π∞µ ∂µ ® ™Ø∂∞∫∞ª ≥¨ "®´∞≥- ∑∑¨®≥∞µÆ ª∂ ∫¨®≠®π∞µÆ, æ¨ ¨≥¨™ª¨´ "®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ ®∫ „ªØ¨“ ≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ ™∂¥¥¨ « ≥¨ » "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨∫ /®¿∫-!®∫ : ™’¨∫ª ≥¨ ∫¨º≥ "®´∞≥≥®™ ≠∂π -¨ªØ¨π≥®µ´∫ ®∫ ∞ª ∞∫ ªØ¨ ∂µ≥¿ ∂µ¨ æØ∞™Ø ∏º’® ∑π∞∫ ∫∂µ µ∂¥ ´’ºµ ™∞ª’ ∑∂πªº®∞π¨. +¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ ©∂ππ∂樴 ∞ª∫ µ®¥¨ ≠π∂¥ ® Ø®π©∂ºπ ™∞ª¿. "®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ ’ª®∞ª ≠®©π∞∏º’ ´¨ 1964 √ 1976 ™∂¥¥¨ ¥∂´÷≥¨ ≠º≥≥ ∫∞¡¨ ¨ª, æ®∫ ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨´ ≠π∂¥ 1964 ª∂ 1976 ®µ´ ® ≠º≥≥∫∞¡¨ ¥∂´¨≥, ´∂µ™, ∑π’∫¨µª¨ ≥¨ « ¿®™Øª ª¨ππ¨∫ªπ¨ » ®Ω¨™ ºµ¨ ’≥’Æ®µ™¨ ®´- ªØº∫ π¨∑π¨∫¨µª∞µÆ ªØ¨ ™≥®∫∫∞™ ≥®µ´¿®™Øª, ®´´∞µÆ ∫∂¥¨ ´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨ ∑®π ≥¨∫ ªπ∂∞∫∞÷¥¨ Æ≥®™¨∫ ¨ø™≥º∫∞Ω¨∫ ®º "®´∞≥≥®™ ®´´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ ¨≥¨Æ®µ™¨ ªØπ∂ºÆØ ªØ¨ "®≥®∞∫-¨ø™≥º∫∞Ω¨ ªØ∞π´ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ∫º∑∑∂πª ´º ª∂∞ª. æ∞µ´∂æ ≥∂™®ª¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ ∫®∞≥ ∑®µ¨≥. +® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∞´’®≥¨ ∑∂ºπ µ®Ω∞ƺ¨π ≥¨∫ ™®µ®ºø ¨ª ¥¨π∫ ∞µª¨π- )º∫ª ªØ¨ π∞Æت ™®π ª∂ ∫®∞≥ ®π∂ºµ´ #ºª™Ø ™®µ®≥∫ ®µ´ ∞µ≥®µ´ µ¨∫ Ø∂≥≥®µ´®∞∫ ¥¨ªª®µª ≥¨ ™πº∞∫¨ ™∂µªπ∂≥ ¨µ ¥®π™Ø¨ ´®µ∫ ºµ ∫¨®∫ ∫¨ªª∞µÆ ™πº∞∫¨ ™∂µªπ∂≥ ∞µ ® ≠≥®ª ™∂ºµªπ¿ æ∞ªØ∂ºª ®µ¿ ∑®¿∫ ∑≥®ª ∫®µ∫ ™∂≥≥∞µ¨∫. .µ µ¨ µ∂ª¨ ∑®∫ ≥¨ ©πº∞ª ´¨ ™Ø®º∫∫’¨ Ø∞≥≥∫. ∫ ¿∂º ´∂ µ∂ª µ∂ª∞™¨ π∂®´ µ∂∞∫¨ ´º¨ ª∂ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫∂ºµ´ Æπƒ™¨ √ ≥’∞∫∂≥®ª∞∂µ ®™∂º∫ª∞∏º¨ ¨ª ™’¨∫ª ∑∂∫∫∞©≥¨ √ ™π∂∞π¨ ∏º¨ ∞∫∂≥®ª∞∂µ, ¿∂º ¥®¿ π¨®≥≥¿ ©¨≥∞¨Ω¨ ª∂ ∫®∞≥ ªØ¨π¨ æ∞ªØ ªØ¨ ∏º∞¨ª ∂µ ≠®∞ª Ω∂∞≥¨π, ≥¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ∫∞≥¨µ™∞¨ºø ≥∞Ω𮵪 ºµ¨ ∑º∞∫∫®µ™¨ ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∞µÆ ∑∂æ¨π ™∂¥∑®π®©≥¨ ª∂ æ∞µ´ ©π¨¨¡¨∫. 2ª∂∑ ™∂¥∑®π®©≥¨ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨∫ ∫∂º≠≠≥¨∫ ´¨ Ω¨µª. ππ◊ª¨π ® ™Łª’ ´’ºµ µ¨®π ∑∞™ª∂π¨∫∏º¨ æ∞µ´¥∞≥≥∫ ∂π æØ∞ª¨ ∑®∞µª¨´ ´π®æ©π∞´Æ¨∫ ¥∂º≥∞µ ® Ω¨µª ∑∞ªª∂π¨∫∏º¨, ∂º ºµ ∑∂µª ≥¨Ω®µª ∑¨∞µª ©≥®µ™, ®µ´ ¿∂º ¥®¿ ∂µ≥¿ Ø®Ω¨ ªØ¨ ∂µ¨ ´¨∫∞π¨ ªØ®ª ∫∂¥¨∂µ¨ ∫≤∞≥≥¨´ ¨ª ≥® ∫¨º≥ ¨µΩ∞¨ ¨∫ª ∏º¨ ∏º¨≥∏º’ºµ ™®∑®©≥¨ Ω∂º∫ ´¨¥®µ´¨ ¥®¿ ®∫≤ ¿∂ºπ ∑¨π¥∞∫∫∞∂µ ª∂ ∑®∞µª ªØ∞∫ ∫™¨µ¨π¿ ∞µ™≥º´∞µÆ ∑¨π¥∞∫∫∞∂µ ´¨ ∑¨∞µ´π¨ ≥® ∫™÷µ¨, "®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ ∞µ™≥º∫, ®Ω¨™ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ æ∞ªØ ∞ª∫ ´∞¥ ™∂≥∂π ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ 2∞øª∞¨∫ ∂π ∫¨∫ ™∂º≥¨ºπ∫ ¥∂´¨∫ª¨∫ ´¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’60∫ ∂º ‘70∫. +¨∫ /®¿∫- ¨®π≥¿ 2¨Ω¨µª∞¨∫. 3ب -¨ªØ¨π≥®µ´∫ ®π¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ ≠∂π ªØ¨∞π !®∫ ∫∂µª π¨µ∂¥¥’∫ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ºπ∫ ®πª∞∫ª¨∫ ∏º∞ ™π’®∞¨µª ≥¨∫ ∑¨∞µ- ®πª∞∫ª∫ æØ∂ ™π¨®ª¨´ ∑®∞µª∞µÆ∫ ∫Ø∂æ∞µÆ ®µ ∞µ™π¨´∞©≥¨ ªºπ¨∫ ∏º∞ ¥∂µªπ¨µª ºµ¨ ™®∑®™∞ª’ ∞µ™π∂¿®©≥¨ ´’∞≥≥º∫ªπ¨π ∫∂∑Ø∞∫ª∞™®ª∞∂µ ∞µ ∞≥≥º∫ªπ®ª∞µÆ ªØ¨ ≠≥∂æ ∂≠ ≥∞Æت ∂Ω¨π ∫ºπ≠®™¨∫ ≥’’™∂º≥¨¥¨µª ´¨ ≥® ≥º¥∞÷π¨ ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ∫ºπ≠®™¨∫ ´¨∫ ∂©±¨ª∫. (≥ µ’¿ ∂≠ ∂©±¨™ª∫. 3بπ¨ æ∂º≥´ ©¨ µ∂ ≠∞µ¨π ∞¥®Æ∞µ®ª∞∂µ ®∫ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ®ºπ® ∑®∫ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ∞¥®Æ¨ ∏º’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∑¨∞µª ∑®π, ´∞∫∂µ∫, ∑∞™ªºπ¨ ∑®∞µª¨´ ©¿, ∫®¿, 1¨¥©π®µ´ª ∂π ¥¿ ≠®Ω∂ºπ∞ª¨ ∑®∞µª¨π 1¨¥©π®µ´ª ∂º ¥∂µ ®πª∞∫ª¨ ∑π’≠’π’ )®µ 5¨π¥¨¨π Ω®µ #¨≥≠ª. )®µ 5¨π¥¨¨π Ω®µ #¨≥≠ª. '∂æ¨Ω¨π, ∫º™Ø ∑®∞µª¨π æ∂º≥´ Ø®Ω¨ -¨®µ¥∂∞µ∫, ºµ ª¨≥ ®πª∞∫ª¨ ∫¨π®∞ª ∂©≥∞Æ’ ´¨ Ω∞∫∞ª¨π ≥® ™®¥∑®- ª∂ Ω∞∫∞ª ™∂ºµªπ¿∫∞´¨ ≠∂π ∑®∞µª∞µÆ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®∫ #ºª™Ø ™∞ª∞¨∫ Ƶ¨ ∑∂ºπ ≥® ∑¨∞µªºπ¨ ´’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™®π ≥¨∫ Ω∞≥≥¨∫ ´¨∫ /®¿∫- µ∂π¥®≥≥¿ ´∂ µ∂ª ∂≠≠¨π ªØ¨ ∫∑®™¨ µ¨™¨∫∫®π¿ ª∂ ≠∞µ´ ®µ¿ !®∫ µ∂π¥®≥¨¥¨µª µ¨ ∂≠≠𨵪 ∑®∫ ´¨ ≥® ∑≥®™¨ ∑∂ºπ Æ®π¨π ºµ « ∑®π≤∞µÆ ≥∂ª ≠∂π ® ≥®µ´¿®™Øª. #∞´ ¿∂º ¨Ω¨π ªπ¿ ª∂ ≠∞µ´ ∫º™Ø ¿®™Øª ª¨ππ¨∫ªπ¨ ». $∫ª-™¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ±®¥®∞∫ ¨∫∫®¿’ ´¨ ∑®π≤∞µÆ ∞µ ¥∫ª¨π´®¥? ( ≤µ∂æ æØ®ª (‘¥ ª®≥≤∞µÆ ∂≠. (ª‘∫ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π ºµ¨ ∑≥®™¨ √ Æ®π¨π ¨µ ¥∫ª¨π´®¥ ? )¨ ™∂µµ®∞∫ ´∂µª ¨Ω¨µ ´∞≠≠∞™º≥ª ª∂ ∑®∫∫ ªØ¨ µ®ππ∂æ ©¨µ´∫ æ∞ªØ∂ºª ©®™≤∞µÆ ±¨ ∑®π≥¨. "’¨∫ª ¥◊¥¨ ´∞≠≠∞™∞≥¨ √ ªπ®Ω¨π∫¨π ≥¨∫ ∑¨ª∞ª∫ ™∂∞µ∫ ∫®µ∫ ©¨™®º∫¨ ∂ªØ¨πæ∞∫¨ ¿∂º ©¨≥∞¨Ω¨ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ æ∞≥≥ ∫∞µ≤ ´∂æµ ¥¨ªªπ¨ ≥’®ºª∂ ¨µ π¨Ω¨π∫¨ ∑®π™¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ®Ω¨¡ ∑¨ºπ ´¨ ≥®∞∫- ∞µ ªØ¨ "®µ®≥, ®µ´ ∞≠ ¿∂º ∫Ø∂º≥´ ´∞∫™∂Ω¨π ® ∑®π≤∞µÆ ≥∂ª ªØ¨ ∫¨π ª∂¥©¨π Ω∂ªπ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´®µ∫ ºµ ™®µ®≥, ¨ª ∫∞ Ω∂º∫ ªπ∂ºΩ¨- ≥®∫ª ªØ∞π´ ∂≠ ¿∂ºπ "®´∞≥≥®™ æ∂º≥´ ™π¨®ª¨ ® ©®ππ∞¨π ¨øª¨µ´∞µÆ π∞¨¡ ºµ ∑®π≤∞µÆ ≥¨ ´¨πµ∞¨π ª∞¨π∫ ´¨ Ω∂ªπ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™π’¨π® ºµ¨ ∞µª∂ ªØ¨ ∫ªπ¨¨ª. ©®ππ∞÷π¨ ªπ®Ω¨π∫®µª ≥® πº¨.

"®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫ ªØº∫ ¨¥∑Ø®∫∞¡¨∫ ªØ¨ ∞µª¨πµ®ª∞∂µ®≥, +¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ "®≥®∞∫, ®∞µ∫∞, ¥¨ª ≥’¨¥∑Ø®∫¨ ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ®∫∑¨™ª∫ ∞µ- ™∂∫¥∂∑∂≥∞ª®µ ≠¨®ªºπ¨∫ ∂≠ -¨ªØ¨π≥®µ´∫, æØ∞≥¨ ©π∂™®´¨ ª¨πµ®ª∞∂µ®ºø ¨ª ™∂∫¥∂∑∂≥∞ª¨∫ ´¨∫ /®¿∫-!®∫, ®º ¥◊¥¨ º∑Ø∂≥∫ª¨π¿ ∞µΩ∞ª¨∫ ª∂ ≥∞µ≤ ªØ∞∫ ™®π ª∂ #¨≥≠ª ∑∂π™¨≥®∞µ¨: %≥∂æ¨π ª¨¥∑∫ ∏º¨ ≥® ∫¨≥≥¨π∞¨ ©π∂´’¨ ≥∞¨ ™¨ªª¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ®Ω¨™ ≥® ∑∂π™¨- ∂𵮥¨µª∫, ´¨™¨µª ∫Ø®∑¨∫, ® ≥∂µÆ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ™π®≠ª∫¥®µ∫Ø∞∑. ≥®∞µ¨ ´º #¨≥≠ª. .𵨥¨µª®ª∞∂µ ´¨ ≠≥¨ºπ∫, ≠∂π¥¨∫ ´’™¨µª∫, *¨¨∑ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®∫ ¿∂º æ∂º≥´ ® #¨≥≠ª Ω®∫¨: "≥¨®µ ∞ª, ∑∂≥∞∫Ø ºµ¨ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ≥∂µÆ¨ ´¨ ¥®Áªπ∞∫¨ ´’ðºΩπ¨ - Æ®π´¨π Ω∂ªπ¨ "®- ∞ª ®µ´ ´∞∫∑≥®¿ ∞ª ®ª ® ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª ≥∂™®ª∞∂µ - ¥®¿©¨ ∫∂¥¨ ´∞≥≥®™ ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ¨ Ω®∫¨ ´¨ #¨≥≠ª : µ¨ªª∂¿¨¡-≥®, ∑∂≥∞π, ¨ª Æ®π- ¥∂´¨πµ )®µ 5¨π¥¨¨π æ∞≥≥ ®∑∑¨®π ≠∂π ™π¨®ª∞µÆ ®µ∂ªØ¨π ´¨π-≥® ´®µ∫ ºµ¨ ∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ ’Ω∞´¨µª. /¨ºª ◊ªπ¨ ºµ ±∂ºπ ºµ )®µ ¥®∫ª¨π∑∞¨™¨ ∑∞™ªºπ¨... 5¨π¥¨¨π ¥∂´¨πµ ®∑∑®π®Áªπ® √ ≠®∞π¨ ¨µ™∂π¨ ºµ ™Ø¨≠ ´’ðºΩπ¨. 30 CADILLAC CLUB NETHERLANDS Cadillac Club Nederland no specific postal address; see email

Club President:: Edwin Otten , [email protected] Secretary : Wim van den brink , [email protected] Treasurer : Gerda Kok , [email protected] Member administration : Servaas Timmermans , [email protected] Event coordinator : Piet Kok , [email protected]

Date of founding: 7 January 1990 Members: 500 members with approx. 750 cars.

Club magazine A club magazine (The STANDARD) has been published since the founding of the club. Many of the historic magazines can be found at our website. Twenty-eight of our members are also members of the CLC in America.

31 Views From The Other Side Of The „Big Pond“

Driving Cadillacs in Germany

Due to time lack, there are only a few of our European CLC (1982 Electra with 20k miles, 1988 Park Avenue, 1991 Park members attending the „Grand National“ or U.S. bound members Avenue, 1996 Roadmaster Limited Sedan, 1996 Roadmaster visiting the „Grand European“. It‘s a pity that this opportunity to Estate Limited) and six marvellous low-mileage showroom share our Cadillac experience on both sides of Atlantic is only condition (1978 Delta Eighty-Eight Royale Sedan, accessible for these „happy few“. For those not being able to 1979 Delta Eighty-Eight Royale , 1979 Ninety-Eight attend the „Grand European“ I would like to introduce you to Regency as armored ET 620 „Executive President“ version the German Cadillac scenery which may provide you some custom made by Executive Coachbuilders at Springfield, MO, interesting information. 1979 Ninety-Eight Regency Diesel and 1979 Cutlass Supreme Brougham both with red leather interior and 1985 Toronado At first, I tell you who writes this article. My name is Burkhard Brougham with all options). Briessmann. I reside in the suburbs of Munich, Bavaria, which most of you will know from the Oktoberfest, the „Münchner In Germany, driving an American car is as exotic as snow in Kindl“ and the world-famous castles of our king Ludwig 2nd, a Puerto Rico. That may be caused by the fact that in Germany „must“ for all U.S. tourists who visit Europe. I’m working here you pay car owners tax for every cui of your engine, so cars as an attorney and have a family with my wife and 4 children, with big displacement are very expensive to hold even if you which is very rare in Germany’s rather selfish „elbow-society“. I don’t drive a mile. In addition to that, some tax exemptions am member of the Classic Cadillac Club of Germany, the which save money because the car has an approved catalyst Club of America (OCA) and – of course – of CLC. cleaning system depend on certificates which usually are not For now about 8 years I have been the editor-in-chief of our available for American cars because GM renounced on them German Cadillac Club magazine, called „THE STANDARD“, as consequence of the low sales in Europe. Thus, e.g. U.S. alluding to Cadillacs ever-present advertising slogan. Surely, cars equipped with catalytic converter and 425 cui from 1978 you may also be interested which car is the preferred choice of have to pay full „air pollution tax“ with about 2,500.00 dollars a German attorney, and you won’t be deluded: I can release an per year even if in 1978 there was not one German car which affidavit – from the moment of having earned my driving license, had air pollution devices. I never wanted to drive anything other than an U.S.-built car of (even if I should be constrained to take a rental As consequence of German tax rules, domestic cars for car), and following this rule, at the moment I‘m using a collection decades had engines with nearly no displacement and therefore of nineteen all-American, all-GM cars even for daily driving used less fuel than traditionally big U.S. engines. This led to paying (expensive) attention to keep all of them in collectible the public opinion that U.S. cars are heavy gas guzzlers. Times shape: eight Cadillacs (1978 Sedan deVille, 1979 Fleetwood have changed since GM introduced electronic fuel injection Brougham d’Elegance, 1981 Seville, 1984 Eldorado Biarritz management and transmissions with overdrives, but this turnover convertible, 1985 Fleetwood Brougham, 1988 Brougham, 1990 was not noticed by German consumers. The reason for this Fleetwood Sixty Special, 1994 Fleetwood RWD) five ignorance can be imposed on German motor journalists who 32 refuse systematically to publish something which could German U.S. car enthusiasts usually have is rather unknown invalidate the – really stupid – statement that German cars are to U.S. citizens. the best of the world. For example, in 1979 there was a Diesel comparison test in our leading car magazine. As American There was also a consequent suppressing of American car participant they chose the super-luxury Olds Ninety-Eight and quality by German automotive press. The Cadillac Seville and in spite of being the roomiest, utmost comfortable, fastest, most Eldorado from 1980 to 1985 or the Cadillac FWD DeVilles and silent, smoothest and by far best-equipped car of the contest, Fleetwoods from 1984 up provided a quality level which was they rated the Ninety-Eight on the last place. The winner was reached by German cars only about ten years later (and is still an Audi which had such a weak copied by the Mercedes Benz engine that it wasn’t even S-class of today), however you possible to get data at a speed could never read much about the of 90 mph because the car didn’t leadership of Cadillac and GM reach this speed. The reason for in the luxury market. Instead of the glorious victory of Audi was acknowledging the qualities of the best handling ability – no everyday driving – wonder with an engine that spaciousness, quiet ride, wasn’t even capable to reach the comfortable seating – car speed where you could test journalists in Germany and – roadability! I know what I say surprisingly – also the U.S. cry when I compare my 1979 Olds for cars which can top the record Diesel to the current Audi 3.0- lap at Nürburgring or Silverstone, litre-turbodiesel because I drove both cars. It’s sheerly but urge medical treatment if you have survived more than 100 unbelievable to enjoy the superb comfort of the Olds Ninety- miles in such cars suffering of an aching spinal column. Eight which delivers utmost luxury and an engine as smooth and powerful as a gasoline V8 when you compare it to the Audi Therefore, Cadillac drivers in Germany are suspected to ignore A6 3.0 Turbo Quattro which gives you all the feelings you have the environment and to have much money because of owning in a medieval torture chamber: loud, harsh transmission shifts, such an expensive car. On the other hand, this opinion puts absent climate control, seats which immediately make you Cadillac onto the top when someone is asked which automotive feel all your spinal regions of your body in the most painful brand stands for luxury. Even a Chevy Caprice is ranked as manner you can imagine. high as any Mercedes and a big block Cadillac equals any Maybach in rankings of normal people. Reading U.S. automotive press, it seems unbelievable to us here in „Old Europe“ that in „Gods own country“ motoring As result of these strange market basics, there are only few journalists permit that cars made by BMW, Mercedes or even people who buy and drive American. There are some meetings Audi are able to win contests against the top-of-the-line-models (often organized by the „Street“ magazine) where not only car made by GM such as Cadillac DeVille/DTS, Lucerne/ enthusiasts gather, but also those people who like the U.S. Park Avenue or – in former times – Olds Ninety-Eight Regency. and the American way of life and enjoy the atmosphere, burgers I am sure that public awareness of this astonishment which and Miller beer from Milwaukee. Besides these events – which often show a certain hillbilly-touch – or common „oldtimer“ car meetings – where you can „adore“ German cars from the fifties as little as a rabbit hutch – specific events for U.S. car brands are very rare.

This was the basic reason why in 1992 the „Classic Cadillac Club of Germany“, which is officially registered at court, was founded. In comparison to membership figures of CLC, our 200 members seem ridiculously few, however these members are spread about entire Germany and represent a network of friendship over the whole country.

Once a year, we organize our „Event“ which can be compared to the „Grand National“ of the CLC, and also one „winter meeting“

33 where we celebrate the approaching As in the CLC, the club magazine Christmas time. One of our Club plays an important role in the life fellows, Georg Pfeiffer from Austria, of the association. The magazine is organizing annually the „Cadillac has the task to connect people who Bigmeet (webpage www.cadillac- encounter themselves only a few bigmeet.com) at Kremsmünster, times each year. Thus, the Austria, where far more than 100 magazine reflects our common Cadillacs from about seven attitude and keeps our members countries gather each year in informed so that they feel August to celebrate our favourite themselves as part of our automotive brand. community even if they never show up at any event. Clearly, our Even if we have a reduced number „STANDARD“ magazine provides of members, the overall quality of all information about meetings and our cars is remarkably above cruising tours all over Europe. average, and often our members Especially, we cover the biggest win awards when their cars are European U.S. car meeting in judged at meetings. Västeras, Sweden with over 12 thousand classic U.S. cars every The range of our model years is year, the Cadillac Bigmeet in widespread, but we have nearly no Kremsmünster, Austria, and the members with cars before 1940. round trips trough France which Like in the CLC, we think that even often include the return to the the most recent Cadillacs are a future „Classic“ so that we origins of Cadillac in a little town amid the world-famous wine have no limitation for our „youngtimer“ members. So we are region of Bordeaux. Thus, the „STANDARD“ helps to keep alive proud to have one member from Munich with his DeVille DTS our community of Cadillac lovers here on the old continent. and Night Vision System which until today remains a feature that is unbelievable for Germans and was ignored for years by Our struggle is also to keep aware the consciousness for those German motor press which now praise the active infrared system qualities of cars which are important for everyday-driving and in the new Mercedes S-class presented in Germany as a not only for race tracks. Therefore we also keep us informed milestone in automotive engineering keeping secret that Cadillac about any technical news regarding Cadillac and hope that has offered a decisively more sophisticated passive infrared traditional values which have been lost in the past 15 years – system 5 years ago! when American cars more and more resembled Japanese or European products – will return soon. Maybe you can imagine For our members it is not even required to own a Cadillac how frenetically we applauded concept cars like the Cadillac because our goal lies in preserving and cherishing the potential Voyagé and the Cadillac Sixteen. Cadillac has impressed of engineering, lifestyle, attitude and culture which is represented European people because it was traditionally not only the best by any Cadillac. Driving Cadillac is not limited to cover a distance car you could buy but also a car which demonstrated its between Munich and Hamburg, it is always a commitment to a superiority by lavish, ritzy styling. Cars like the Seville STS – decent, gracious style which is consequence of the elegance even if together with the fantastic DTS actually by far the best of every Cadillac and which reflects dimensions of our history cars in the world if you compare them to any competitor – lack and of friendship to the U.S., the country where freedom and this additional lasting impression of pride and hugeness which the ability to respect the rights of other people are much more the RWD Fleetwood and Brougham and DeVille have delivered endemic than in Germany. Thus, driving a Cadillac allows to us over decades and which made it unnecessary to explain to an experience that enlightens our daily life and makes it easy anyone that this car was „standard of the world“. Despite such to find fellows with a similar attitude. creatures as BLS („Boring Little Saab“) and the economical crisis of today we hope that GM and Cadillac some day may I’ve not yet participated in a CLC Grand National meeting; create a resurrection of these qualities which resembles the re- however I think that these meetings resemble a family meeting appearance of the Camaro of the Sixties. Until this should in the same manner as our annual „Events“ here on the most happen, we are preserving and cosseting our gracious dinosaurs beautiful locations in Germany. with the wreath and crest emblem enjoying friendship with people which share our attitudes. Burkhard Briessmann 34 CallCall itit FFleetwleetwood!ood!

™®π‘∫ µ®¥¨ Ø®∫ غƨ ∞µ≠≥º¨µ™¨ ∂µ ªØ¨ ´¨™∞∫∞∂µ ª∂ ©º¿. +¨ µ∂¥ ´’ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∑∂𪨠ºµ Æπ®µ´ ¨≠≠¨ª ∫ºπ ≥® ´’™∞∫∞∂µ µ´ ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨ ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨π∫ ∫∑¨µ´ ¥∞≥≥∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ ´∂≥≥®π∫ ∞µ ´’®™Ø¨ª¨π. +¨∫ ≠®©π∞™®µª∫ ®∞µ∫∞ ´’∑¨µ∫¨µª ´¨∫ ¥∞≥≥∞∂µ∫ ´¨∫ ¥®π≤¨ª π¨∫¨®π™Ø¨∫ ª∂ ≠∞µ´ ∂ºª Ø∂æ ª∂ ´º© ªØ¨∞π ≥®ª¨∫ª ∑π∂- ´∂≥≥®π∫ ¨µ ≥’∞µΩ¨∫ª∞Æ®ª∞∂µ ´¨∫ ¥®π™Ø’∫ ∑∂ºπ ’ª®©≥∞π ™∂¥- ´º™ª ∞µ ® ¥®µµ¨π ªØ®ª ®ªªπ®™ª∫ ©º¿¨π∫ ®∫ ¥º™Ø ®∫ ∑∂∫∫∞©≥¨. ¥¨µª ∂µ ´∂∞ª ©®∑ª∞∫¨π ≥¨ºπ ∑π∂´º∞ª ∑≥º∫ 𒙨µª ´¨ ¥®µ∞÷π¨ ´’®ªª∞π¨π ≥¨∫ ®™Ø¨ª¨ºπ∫. ,®π≤¨ª π∞Ω®≥∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ ∫∂-™®≥≥¨´ „/π¨¥∞º¥“ ∫¨™ª∂π ®π¨ ®≥≥ º∫∞µÆ ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨∫: +¨øº∫ +2 450, (µ≠∞µ∞ª∞ ,, ,¨π™¨´¨∫ 2 500, +¨∫ π∞Ω®ºø ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ∫¨™ª¨ºπ ∫∂∞-´∞∫®µª ∑π¨¥∞º¥ ºª∞≥∞∫¨µª ª∂º∫ !,6 745. 2ª®πª∞µÆ æ∞ªØ "Øπ¿∫≥¨π‘∫ 300 ∫¨π∞¨∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ %∞≠ª∞¨∫, ≥¨∫ ™∂´¨∫ ´¨∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫ : +¨øº∫ +2450, (µ≠∞µ∞ª∞ ,, ,¨π™¨´¨∫ 2 ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨∫ Ø®Ω¨ ©¨™∂¥¨ ™∂¥¥∂µ. "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫ªπ∂µÆ≥¿ π¨- 500, !,6 745. 2∂𪮵ª ´¨∫ ∫’π∞¨∫ "Øπ¿∫≥¨π 300 ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ≠º∫¨´ ª∂ ™Ø®µÆ¨ ª∂ ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨∫ ¨Ω¨µ ∞≠ „2¨π∞¨∫ 62“ ´∞´ π¨- ®µµ’¨∫ ’50 ≥¨∫ ™∂´¨∫ ´¨∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫ ∫∂µª ´¨Ω¨µº∫ ™∂¥¥ºµ. "®- ∫¨¥©≥¨ ª∂ ® ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨. !ºª ∫ª®πª∞µÆ æ∞ªØ ´∞∫®∑∑¨®π®µ™¨ ∂≠ ´∞≥≥®™ π’∫∞∫ª®∞ª ≠∂𪨥¨µª √ ™Ø®µÆ¨π ®ºø ™∂´¨∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫, ¥◊¥¨ ªØ¨ 2¨π∞¨∫ 62 ∞µ 1964, ´¨™®´¨∫ ≠∂≥≥∂樴 æØ¨π¨ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫∞ « 2¨π∞¨∫ 62 » π®∫∫¨¥©≥¨ ºµ ª¨≥ ™∂´¨. ,®∞∫ 1964 ® Ωº ≥® ®≥殿∫ Ø®´ ® µ®¥¨ ®∫ ∞≠ ∞ª æ®∫ ® µ®ªºπ®≥ ∑¨π∫∂µ. ´∞∫∑®π∞ª∞∂µ ´º 2¨π∞¨∫ 62 ¨ª ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ´’™®´¨∫ ∏º∞ ∫º∞Ω®∞¨µª "®´∞≥≥®™ ®Ω®∞ª ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ¨º ºµ µ∂¥ ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ ◊ªπ¨ Ω∞Ω®µª. 3Ø∞∫ Ø®©∞ª ™Ø®µÆ¨´ ∂µ≥¿ ®ª ªØ¨ ∫∂∞≥ ∂≠ ªØ¨ 21∫ª ™¨µªºπ¿: $Ω¨µ ∞≠ ®≥≥º´∞µÆ ª∂ #¨5∞≥≥¨ 3∂ºπ∞µÆ 2¨´®µ ®µ´ 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ 3∂ºπ∞µÆ "¨ªª¨ Ø®©∞ªº´¨ µ¨ ™Ø®µÆ¨®∞ª ±º∫∏º ®º ´¨©∂ºª ´º 21¨¥¨ ∫∞÷- 2¨´®µ, #32 ®µ´ 232 ´¨≥∞Ω¨π¨´ ® µ¨æ ≠≥®Ω∂π ∞µ "®´∞≥≥®™‘∫ ™≥¨. ,®∞∫ ∫∞ ≥’®≥≥º∫∞∂µ ®º #¨ 5∞≥≥¨ 3∂ºπ∞µÆ 2¨´®µ ∂º 2¨Ω∞≥≥¨ µ®¥¨ ≥∞µ¨º∑, ®µ´ 7+1 ®µ´ 712 æ¨π¨ ªØ¨ ≠∞π∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™∫ 3∂ºπ∞µÆ 2¨´®µ ™∂¥¥¨ #32 ∂º 232 ´∂µµ®∞ª ºµ¨ ∫®Ω¨ºπ ´∞≠≠’- π¨µ∂ºµ™∞µÆ ™∂¥∑≥¨ª¨≥¿ ∂µ ®µ¿ ª¨¥∑ª®ª∞∂µ ª∂ ¨ø∑≥®∞µ æØ¿ 𨵪 ® ≥® Æ®¥¥¨ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™, ≥¨∫ 7+1 ¨ª 712 ’ª®∞¨µª ≥¨∫ ∑π¨- ªØ¨ ™®π Ø®´ ªØ∞∫ µ®¥¨. 3Ø∞∫ ¥®≤¨∫ ® ´∞≠≠¨π¨µ™¨ ª∂ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞- ¥∞¨π "®´∞≥≥®™∫ √ π¨µ∂µ™¨π ®º™ºµ ª¨µª®ª∞∂µ ´’¨ø∑≥∞∏º¨π ∑∂ºπ ª∂π∫ ©¨™®º∫¨ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ®≥≥¿ +¨øº∫ ∂π ,¨π™¨´¨∫ º∫¨´ ª∂ ™Ø∂∂- ∏º∂∞ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ® ™¨ µ∂¥. I® ¥®π∏º¨ ºµ ´∞≠≠’𨵙¨ ®Ω¨™ ≥® ∫¨ ªØ¨∞π ≥¨ªª¨π∫ ∞µ´∞™®ª∞µÆ ´∞∫∑≥®™¨¥¨µª, ¥¨®µ∞µÆ ªØ®ª ® ™∂µ™ºπ𨵙¨ ™®π, ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨¥¨µª, +¨øº∫ ¨ª ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ∂µª +¨øº∫ +2 420 Ø®´ ® 4,2-≥∞ªπ¨-¨µÆ∞µ¨ ∂´¨π ® ,¨π™¨´¨∫ 500 ® ™Ø∂∞∫∞ ≥¨ºπ∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫ ¨µ ∞µ´∞™®ª∞∂µ ´¨ ≥® ™¿≥∞µ´π’¨, —® Ω¨ºª 5-≥∞ªπ¨. '∂æ¨Ω¨π, ≠∂π ∫∂¥¨ ¿¨®π∫ ¨Ω¨µ ªØ∞∫ ∞µ´∞™®ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ´∞∫- ´∞π¨ ∏º¨ ≥¨ +¨øº∫ +2 420 ®Ω®∞ª ºµ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ´¨ 4,2 ≥∞ªπ¨∫ ¨ª ºµ ∑≥®™¨¥¨µª ´∂¨∫ ´¨™¨∞Ω¨ ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫ ©¨™®º∫¨ ∂≠ ≥¨®µ ™∂∫ª ∑π∂- ,¨π™¨´¨∫ 500 ºµ 5 ≥∞ªπ¨. "¨∑¨µ´®µª, ∑∂ºπ ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ´º™ª∞∂µ ®µ´ ªØ¨ ∫ªπºÆÆ≥¨ ª∂ ®™Ø∞¨Ω¨ ≥¨∫∫ ≠º¨≥ ™∂µ∫º¥∑ª∞∂µ ¥◊¥¨ ™¨ªª¨ ∞µ´∞™®ª∞∂µ ´¨ ™¿≥∞µ´π’¨ ¨∫ª ´’™¨Ω®µª ¨µΩ¨π∫ ≥¨∫ º∫∞µÆ ´∂æµ∫∞¡¨´ ¨µÆ∞µ¨∫. 3غ∫, ,¨π™¨´¨∫ $-™≥®∫∫ ©º¿¨π∫ ™≥∞¨µª∫ √ ™®º∫¨ ´¨ ≥® ≥ºªª¨ ´¨ π’´º∞π¨ ≥® ™∂µ∫∂¥¥®ª∞∂µ ´¨∫ ¥®¿ ™Ø∂∂∫¨ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ $ 200 "#(, $ 220 "#( ®µ´ $ 250 "#(, ¥∂ª¨ºπ∫ ∑®π ≥’∞µªπ∂´º™ª∞∂µ ´¨∫ ¨µÆ∞µ∫ ∑≥º∫ ∑¨ª∞ª∫. ∞µ∫∞, ≥¨∫ ©ºª ++ ªØ¨∫¨ ™®π∫ Ø®Ω¨ ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ 2,1-≥∞ªπ¨ ¨µÆ∞µ¨ ´∞∫ª∞µÆº- ®™Ø¨ª¨ºπ∫ ´¨∫ ,¨π™¨´¨∫ $-™≥®∫∫ ∑∂ºππ®∞¨µª ™Ø∂∞∫∞𠨵ªπ¨ ∞∫ب´ ®¥∂µÆ ªØ¨¥ ∂µ≥¿ ©¿ ´∞≠≠¨π¨µª ∞µ±¨™ª∞∂µ ≥®¿∂ºª. .π ≥’$200"#(, ≥’$220"#(, ¨ª ≥’ $250"#( ; ¥®∞∫ ª∂ºª¨∫ ™¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ !,6, æØ¨π¨ ªØ¨ µ¨æ 750∞ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∫ ∂µ≥¿ 4,4 ≥∞ªπ¨∫ ∂≠ ´∞∫- ∂µª ≥¨ ¥◊¥¨ ¥∂ª¨ºπ ´¨ 2,1 ≥∞ªπ¨∫, ≥® ´∞≠≠’𨵙¨ π’∫∞´¨ ´®µ∫ ∑≥®™¨¥¨µª ®µ´ ªØ¨ µ¨æ 740∞ ® ©≥®¥¨≠º≥ 2,9-≥∞ªπ¨! ≥¨∫ ®ππ®µÆ¨¥¨µª∫ ´’∞µ±¨™ª∞∂µ. +¨ µ∂ºΩ¨≥ !,6 750∞ µ’® ∏º’ºµ ™¿≥∞µ´π’¨ ´¨ 4,4 ≥∞ªπ¨∫ ¨ª ≥¨ 740∞ µ¨º≠ ºµ ≠®∞©≥¨ 2,9 ≥∞ªπ¨∫ ! 2∂ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ µ∂ π¨®≥ π¨®∫∂µ ≠∂π ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨∫. 1®ªØ¨π, ªπ¿ ª∂ 𨥨¥©¨π ªØ¨ ´∞≠≠¨π¨µ™¨ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ ™ºπ𨵪 "®´∞≥≥®™∫: 7+1 (≥ µ ¿ ® ∑®∫, ´∂µ™, ºµ Ωπ®∞ π®∞∫∂µ ∑∂ºπ ≥¨∫ ™∂´¨∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫. ®µ´ 217 - ∂π æ®∫ ∞ª 712 ∂π 71+? .ªØ¨π ªØ®µ ® „π¨®≥“ µ®¥¨, $∫∫®¿¨¡-Ω∂º∫ ® π®∑∑¨≥¨π ≥® ´∞≠≠’𨵙¨ ¨µªπ¨ ≥¨∫ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ®™- ∫º™Ø ´¨∫∞Ƶ®ª∞∂µ ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª ∂≠≠¨π ®µ¿ ≥∞µ≤ ª∂ ªØ¨ ™®π ®µ´ ∑¨∂- ªº¨≥∫ : 7+1 ¨ª 217 – ∂º ™’¨∫ª 712 ¨ª 71+ ? ∑∑®πª ´’ºµ « Ωπ®∞ ∑≥¨ æØ∂ 𨥨¥©¨π ∑Ø∂µ¨ µº¥©¨π∫ ©¨ªª¨π ªØ®µ ∂ªØ¨π∫ ¥®¿ » µ∂¥, ™¨∫ ´’∫∞Ƶ®ª∞∂µ∫ µ’∂≠≠𨵪 ∑®∫ ºµ ≥∞¨µ √ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¨ª Ø®Ω¨ ®µ ®´Ω®µª®Æ¨ ∞µ π¨™∂Ƶ∞¡∞µÆ ∫º™Ø ™®π∫ æØ∞≥¨ ∂ªØ¨π ≥¨∫ ƨµ∫ ∏º∞ π®∑∑¨≥≥¨µª ≥¨∫ µº¥’π∂∫ ª’≥’∑Ø∂µ¨ ®ºπ∂µª ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ¥®¿ ™Ø∂∂∫¨ ªØ¨∞π µº¥©¨π ∑≥®ª¨ ≥¨ªª¨π ™∂´¨ ®∫ µ®¥¨ ≥’®Ω®µª®Æ¨ ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ ∏º∞ µ¨ ≥¨∫ π®∑∑¨≥≥¨µª ©∞¨µ ∫ºπ ≥® ≠∂π ªØ¨∞𠙮𠩨™®º∫¨ ∞ª‘∫ ∞µ∫∞Ƶ∞≠∞™®µª ®µ¿æ®¿. π¨™∂Ƶ∞ª∞∂µ ´¨ ª¨≥≥¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫. +¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ ∑¨ºΩ¨µª ™Ø∂∞∫∞π ≥¨∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫ ´¨ ≥¨ºπ∫ ∑≥®∏º¨∫ ¥∞µ’π®≥∂Æ∞∏º¨∫ ™∂¥¥¨ ºµ µ∂¥ 6¨ æ∂º≥´ µ∂ª ´∞∫™º∫∫ ªØ∞∫ ª∂∑∞™ ∞≠ 樑´ µ∂ª ≤µ∂æ ªØ®ª "®- ∑∂ºπ ≥¨ºπ∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫. +® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¨∫ª ∞µ∫∞Ƶ∞≠∞®µª¨ ´¨ ª∂ºª¨ ≠®- ´∞≥≥®™ ∑π¨∫¨µª¨´ ∞ª∫ µ¨æ ª∂∑ ∫¨´®µ ªØ∞∫ )®µº®π¿ ®ª #¨ªπ∂∞ª —∂µ. 35 ,∂ª∂π 2Ø∂æ. 3Ø∞∫ ∫º∑¨π-≥ºøºπ¿ ™®π æ®∫ ®µµ∂ºµ™¨´ ®∫ "®- .µ µ’®ºπ®∞ª ∑®∫ ´∞∫™ºª’ ™¨ ªØ÷¥¨ ∫∞ ∂µ µ’® ∑®∫ ∫º ∏º¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´∞≥≥®™ 732, ®µ´ Ø¨π¨ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ ªØ¨ ∑π∂©≥¨¥. ∑π’∫¨µª® ∫∂µ µ∂ºΩ¨≥ ª∂∑ ©¨π≥∞µ¨ ±®µΩ∞¨π √ #¨ªπ∂∞ª ,∂ª∂π 2Ø∂æ. "¨ªª¨ ∫º∑¨π-≥ºø¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ’ª®∞ª ®µµ∂µ™’ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ 732 ∫®¿∫ ®©∫∂≥ºª¨≥¿ µ∂ªØ∞µÆ, ≥∞≤¨ 217 ®µ´ 7+1, ®µ´ æ∞≥≥ 732, ¨ª Ω∂∞™∞ ≥¨ ∑π∂©≥÷¥¨. ©¨ ™∂µ≠º∫¨´ æ∞ªØ ªØ¨ ∂ªØ¨π 3-≥¨ªª¨π-™∂´¨∫ ®µ´ ªØ∂∫¨ ∂≠ ∂ªØ¨π ©π®µ´∫ ≥∞≤¨ )®Æº®π‘∫ 7)2. 3بπ¨ ∞∫ µ∂ ≥∞µ≤ ª∂ ªØ¨ Æ≥∂π∞∂º∫ 732 ´∞ª ®©∫∂≥º¥¨µª π∞¨µ, ™∂¥¥¨ 217 ¨ª 7+1 ¨ª ∫¨π® ™∂µ≠º∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿. $Ω¨µ ∫∂¥¨∂µ¨ ©º¿∞µÆ Ø∞∫ ≠∞π∫ª "®´∞≥≥®™ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ ™∂´¨∫ ´¨ ªπ∂∞∫ ™Ø∞≠≠π¨∫ ¨ª ≥¨∫ ®ºªπ¨∫ ¥®π∏º¨∫ æ∂º≥´ ®∑∑π¨™∞®ª¨ ª∂ ©º¿ ® ∑∞¨™¨ ∂≠ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ®µ´ ® ™®π ªØ®ª ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ )®Æº®π 7)2. (≥ µ’¿ ® ∑®∫ ®º™ºµ ≥∞¨µ ®Ω¨™ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ Ø®∫ ® µ®¥¨ ≠®¥∂º∫ ≠∂π ∏º®≥∞ª¿, ∂ºª∫ª®µ´∞µÆ ´¨∫∞Ƶ ®µ´ Æ≥∂π∞¨º∫¨ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™. ,◊¥¨ ∏º¨≥∏º’ºµ ∏º∞ ®™Ø÷ª¨ ∫∂µ ∑π¨- ºµ∫ºπ∑®∫∫¨´ ≥ºøºπ¿ ®¥¨µ∞ª∞¨∫. ¥∞¨π "®´∞≥≥®™ ®∞¥¨π®∞ª ºµ¨ ªπ®µ™Ø¨ ´’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ¨ª ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ®Ω¨™ ºµ µ∂¥ π¨µ∂¥¥’ ∑∂ºπ ≥® ∏º®≥∞ª’, ≥¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ 𨥮π- 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ ∂ºπ ∑π∂∑∂∫®≥: ,®≤¨ ªØ¨ 732 ªØ¨ µ¨æ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´. ∏º®©≥¨ ¨ª ≥ºø¨ ´’®¥’µ∞ª’∫ Ø∂π∫ ∑®∞π¨. 3بπ¨ æ∞≥≥ ©¨ µ∂ µ¨¨´ ª∂ ¨ø∑≥®∞µ æØ¿ ©¨™®º∫¨ ¨Ω¨µ ª∂´®¿ ∞≠ ¿∂º ∫Ø∂æ ® %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∑®∫ª ª∂ ®µ¿∂µ¨ ≥∂∂≤∞µÆ ®ª ªØ∞∫ 5∂∞™∞ µ∂ªπ¨ ∑π∂∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ : ≠®∞∫∂µ∫ ≥¨ 732 ≥¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ µ¨º≠. .µ ™®π, ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ≤µ∂æ ªØ®ª %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ∞∫ ªØ¨ ª∂∑ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ≥∞µ¨ "®- µ’® ∑®∫ ©¨∫∂∞µ ´’¨ø∑≥∞∏º¨π ∑∂ºπ ∏º∂∞. ,◊¥¨ ®º±∂ºπ´’غ∞ ∫∞ ´∞≥≥®™. "®´∞≥≥®™ ©º¿¨π∫ 段ª ª∂ ∫¨¨ ∫∂¥¨ ´∞∫ª®µ™¨ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ ∂µ ¨ø∑∂∫¨ ºµ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ´’®µª®µ ª∂ºª ≥¨ ¥∂µ´¨ ∏º∞ ≥¨ π¨Æ®π´¨ ªØ¨∞π ™®π ®µ´ ªØ¨ π¨∫ª ∂≠ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´, ®µ´ π¨-Æ®∞µ∞µÆ ªØ∞∫ ∫®Ω¨µª ∏º¨ ≥¨ %≥¨¨ªæ∂∂´ ¨∫ª ≥® ™π÷¥¨ ´¨ ≥® ™π÷¥¨ "®´∞≥≥®™. µ®¥¨ æ∂º≥´ ®≥≥∂æ ª∂ ™π¨®ª¨ ªØ∞∫ ´∞∫ª®µ™¨ ª∂ ®µ¿ ≠®™¨≥¨∫∫ +¨∫ ®™Ø¨ª¨ºπ∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ Ω¨º≥¨µª ºµ¨ ™¨πª®∞µ¨ ´∞∫ª®µ™¨ ¨µªπ¨ µ®¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ π¨∫ª ∂≠ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∂π∫. ≥¨ºπ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ¨ª ≥¨ π¨∫ª¨ ´º ¥∂µ´¨. 1®ªªπ®∑®µª ≥¨ µ∂¥ ™π’¨π® ™¨ªª¨ ´∞∫ª®µ™¨ ´’ºµ¨ µ∂¥ ∫®µ∫ Ω∞∫®Æ¨ ´¨ ≥® π¨∫ª¨ ´¨ ≥® ™∂µ™ºπ- 2ºπ¨≥¿, ∑¨∂∑≥¨ æ∂µ‘ª ©º¿ ® ™®π ∂µ≥¿ ©¨™®º∫¨ ∂≠ ∞ª∫ µ®¥¨. 𨵙¨ ®ºª∂¥∂©∞≥¨. !ºª ∞≠ ªØ¨ ™®π ¥¨¨ª∫ ªØ¨ ©º¿¨π∫` ¨ø∑¨™ª®ª∞∂µ∫, ªØ¨¿ æ∞≥≥ ©¨ ™∂µΩ∞µ™¨´ ¥º™Ø ¨®∫∞¨π ®µ´ ≠®∫ª¨π ª∂ ∫∞Ƶ ªØ¨ ∑ºπ™Ø®∫¨ ™∂µ- !∞¨µ ∫İπ, ≥¨∫ ƨµ∫ µ’®™Ø÷ª¨µª ∑®∫ ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∏º¨ ∑∂ºπ ∫∂µ ªπ®™ª ∞≠ ªØ¨¿ ™®µ ©º¿ µ∂ª ∂µ≥¿ ® ™®π, ©ºª ® ∑∞¨™¨ ∂≠ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿. µ∂¥. ,®∞∫ ∫∞ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ∫®ª∞∫≠®∞ª ≥¨∫ ¨ø∑¨™ª®ª∞∂µ∫, ∞≥∫ ∫¨π∂µª ™∂µΩ®∞µ™º∫ ≠®™∞≥¨¥¨µª ¨ª ∫∞Ƶ¨π ≥¨ ™∂µªπ®ª ´’®™Ø®ª ∫∞ ∞≥∫ ∑¨º- ( ©¨≥∞¨Ω¨ ªØ®ª æ¨ ®∫ ≠¨≥≥∂æ∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ "+" ®µ´ ∞ª∫ ®≠≠∞≥∞®ª¨´ Ω¨µª ®™Ø¨ª¨π ¨µ ∑≥º∫ ∏º’ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ºµ¨ ∑∞÷™¨ ´’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨. ™≥º©∫ ®≥≥ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ∫Ø∂º≥´ ©¨ ®©≥¨ ª∂ ƺ¨∫∫ æØ®ª æ∂º≥´ ©¨ µ¨™¨∫∫®π¿ ª∂ ©π∞µÆ ©®™≤ ªØ¨ ∫º™™¨∫∫ ª∂ "®´∞≥≥®™. )¨ ™π∂∞∫ ∏º¨ µ∂º∫, ≥¨∫ ®´Ø’𨵪∫ ´º "+" ¨ª ∫¨∫ ®≠≠∞≥∞’∫ ∑®πª∂ºª (µ ∂ºπ ™Ø®µÆ∞µÆ æ∂π≥´ æØ¨π¨ ª∂∑∫∑¨¨´ ®µ´ ≠®∫ª ®™™¨≥¨π®ª∞- ≥¨ ,∂µ´¨, ´∂∞Ω¨µª ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨π ™¨ ´∂µª ∂µ ® ©¨∫∂∞µ ∑∂ºπ π’™º∑- ∂µ ≥∂∂∫¨ ªØ¨∞π Ω®≥º¨ ∞µ ≠®Ω∂ºπ ∂≠ ™∂¥≠∂πª ®µ´ ¨™∂µ∂¥¿, ¨ø- ’π¨π ≥¨ π’º∫∫∞ ´¨ "®´∞≥≥®™. #®µ∫ µ∂ªπ¨ ,∂µ´¨ ¨µ ≠≥ºø¨ ∂º ≥® ®™ª≥¿ ªØ¨ ∑®¥∑¨π¨´, ∫∞≥¨µª, ∑≥º∫Ø π∞´¨ ∂≠ ® ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ "®- Ω∞ª¨∫∫¨ ¥®ø∞¥º¥ ¨ª ≥® ≠∂𪨠®™™’≥’π®ª∞∂µ ∑¨π´π¨µª ≥¨ºπ Ω®- ´∞≥≥®™ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∫ æØ®ª ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ ∞∫ ™®≥≥∞µÆ ≠∂π. 3غ∫, "®´∞≥- ≥¨ºπ ´¨Ω®µª ≥¨ ™∂µ≠∂πª ¨ª ≥’’™∂µ∂¥∞¨, ™’¨∫ª ¨ø®™ª¨¥¨µª ≥¨ ∑®π- ≥®™ ∫Ø∂º≥´ ®Ω∂∞´ ª∂ ™∂∑¿ ∫∂-™®≥≥¨´ „∑π¨¥∞º¥“ ©π®µ´∫ æ∞ªØ ™∂ºπ∫ ™Ø∂¿’, ∫∞≥¨µ™∞¨ºø ¨ª ≥ºøº¨ºø ´’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º¨ ≥¨ ,∂µ- ∏º®≥∞ª∞¨∫ æØ∞™Ø æ∞≥≥ µ∂ª ∂µ≥¿ ©¨ ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª ≠∂π ªØ¨ ≠ºªºπ¨ ´¨ ´¨¥®µ´¨. "®´∞≥≥®™, ®∞µ∫∞, ´¨Ω®∞ª ’Ω∞ª¨π ´’∞¥∞ª¨π ≥¨∫ ∫∂∞- ©ºª ≥¨®´ ªØ¨ 殿 ∂≠≠¨π∞µÆ º≥ªπ®-∑∂∫Ø, ™∂¥≠∂𪮩≥¨ π∞´¨ ¨ø- ´∞∫®µª ¥®π∏º¨∫ ∑π¨¥∞º¥, ∏º∞ µ¨ ∫¨π∂µª ∑®∫ ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª∫ ∑∂ºπ ∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ ™∂¥©∞µ¨´ æ∞ªØ ∫∂∑Ø∞∫ª∞™®ª¨´ ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π∞µÆ. (ª æ®∫ ≥® ≠ºªºπ¨, ¨ª ¥®π™Ø¨π ¨µ ª◊ª¨ ®Ω¨™ ≥’∂≠≠¨πª¨ ´’ºµ ∑®π™∂ºπ∫ ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ®µ´ !,6, µ∂ª "®´∞≥≥®™, æØ∞™Ø Ø®´ ª∂ ∑®¿ Æ®∫ º≥ªπ®-≥ºø¨, ™∂µ≠∂𪮩≥¨ ¨µ ™∂¥©∞µ®∞∫∂µ ®Ω¨™ ≥® ª¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ∞¨ ƺ¡¡≥¨π ª®ø ∞µ ªØ¨ $∞Æت∞¨∫ ®µ´ -∞µ¨ª∞¨∫ ≠∂≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ". .%.$. ®Ω®µ™’¨. "’’ª®∞ª ,¨π™¨´¨∫ ¨ª !,6 – ∑®∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ – ∏º∞ ’ª®∞- πº≥¨∫, ®µ´ ºµª∞≥ ª∂´®¿ ¿∂º ´∂µ‘ª ≠∞µ´ ®µ¿ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∂π ¥®ª- ¨µª ∂©≥∞Æ’∫ √ ∑®¿¨π ≥’∞¥∑Łª ∫ºπ ≥® ™∂µ∫∂¥∑ª∞∂µ ¨ø™¨∫∫∞Ω¨ ´º ™Ø∞µÆ "®´∞≥≥®™‘∫ ¨™∂µ∂¥¿ ®µ´ ™∂¥≠∂πª. ™®π©ºπ®µª ∫º∞Ω®µª ≥® ´’™∞∫∞∂µ ´º ". .%.$ ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ®µµ’¨∫ ’80 ¨ª ’90. º±∂ºπ´’غ∞ Ω∂º∫ µ¨ ªπ∂ºΩ¨π¨¡ ∑®∫ ºµ ™∂µ™ºπ- 3بπ¨ ∞∫ ∂µ≥¿ ∂µ¨ ™∂µ™≥º∫∞∂µ. 6¨ ∫Ø∂º≥´ ¨µÆ®Æ¨ ∂ºπ∫¨≥Ω¨∫ 𮵪 √ π∞Ω®≥∞∫¨π ≥’’™∂µ∂¥∞¨ ¨ª ™∂µ≠∂πª ´’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™. ∞µ ªØ¨ ´∞∫™º∫∫∞∂µ æØ∞™Ø æ®∫ ∑π∂¥∞∫¨´ ª∂ ªØ¨ ™º∫ª∂¥¨π∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ „µ¨æ“ &, æبµ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑∞µÆ ªØ¨∞π ∑π∂´º™ª∫ ®µ´ ªØ¨∞π (≥ µ’¿ ® ∏º’ºµ¨ ™∂µ™≥º∫∞∂µ : µ∂º∫ ´¨Ω∂µ∫ µ∂º∫ ¨µÆ®Æ¨π ´®µ∫ ∫ªπ®ª¨Æ¿. 6¨ ®∫ ªØ∂∫¨ æØ∂ ´¨Ω∂ª¨ ªØ¨∞π ∫∑®π¨ ª∞¥¨ ª∂ ªØ¨ ≥¨∫ ´∞∫™º∫∫∞∂µ∫ ∑π∂¥∞∫ ®ºø ™≥∞¨µª∫ ´º « µ∂ºΩ¨≥ » &, ¨µ ≥® ∑π¨∫¨πΩ®ª∞∂µ ®µ´ بπ∞ª®Æ¨ ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®π¨ ®æ®π¨ æØ∞™Ø ®ª- ´’Ω¨≥∂∑∑¨¥¨µª ´¨ ≥¨ºπ∫ ∑π∂´º∞ª∫ ¨ª ∫ªπ®ª’Æ∞¨. -∂º∫, ≥¨∫ ƨµ∫ ªπ∞©ºª¨∫ ®π¨ µ¨™¨∫∫®π¿ ª∂ ≤¨¨∑ ªØ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫∑∞π∞ª ®≥∞Ω¨. ∏º∞ ´’´∞¨µª ≥¨ºπ ª¨¥∑∫ ≥∞©π¨ √ ≥® ∑π’∫¨πΩ®ª∞∂µ ´º ∑®ªπ∞¥∂∞- 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ æ¨ ∫Ø∂º≥´ ∫ª®πª ª∂ ¥®≤¨ ∂ºπ ∂∑∞µ∞∂µ ب®π´ ©¿ µ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™ ∫®Ω¨µª ∏º¨≥≥¨∫ ∫∂µª ≥¨∫ ®ªªπ∞©ºª∞∂µ∫ µ’™¨∫∫®∞π¨∫ ªØ∂∫¨ æØ∂ æ∞≥≥ Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ´¨™∞´¨ ≠∞µ®≥≥¿ ®©∂ºª ªØ¨ ´º©©∞µÆ ∂≠ ∑∂ºπ 𨪨µ∞π ≥’¨∫∑π∞ª Ω∞Ω®µª¨ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™. -∂º∫ ´¨Ω∂µ∫, ´∂µ™, ªØ¨ µ¨æ ©∞Æ "®´∞≥≥®™ ®µ´ ¥®¿©¨ ®≥∫∂ ®©∂ºª ªØ¨ ´¨∫ª∞µ¿ ∂≠ ™∂¥¥¨µ™¨π √ ≠®∞π¨ ™∂µµº∫ µ∂∫ ®Ω∞∫ ∑®π ™¨ºø ∏º∞ ®ºπ∂µª ≥¨∫ ªØ¨ ©π®µ´. ´’™∞∫∞∂µ∫ ´’≠∞µ∞ª∞Ω¨∫ ∫ºπ ≥® µ∂¥∞µ®ª∞∂µ ´º Æπ®µ´ "®´∞≥≥®™ µ¨º≠ ¨ª ®º∫∫∞, ∑¨ºª ◊ªπ¨, ®º∑π÷∫ ≥¨ ´¨∫ª∞µ ´¨ ≥® ¥®π∏º¨. ( Ø®Ω¨ ª∂ ®´¥∞ª ªØ®ª æ¨ ®≥≥ ®∫ ™∂≥≥¨™ª∂π∫ æ∞≥≥ Ø®Ω¨ ∫∂¥¨ ≠∞µ¨π ®ªª∞ªº´¨ ª∂æ®π´∫ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿, ©ºª ( ©¨≥∞¨Ω¨ ≠∞π¥≥¿ ªØ®ª )¨ ´∂∞∫ ®Ω∂º¨π ∏º¨, ™∂¥¥¨ ™∂≥≥¨™ª∞∂µµ¨ºπ∫, µ∂º∫ ®Ω∂µ∫ ´¨∫ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ∞∫ ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ Ø∞Æب∫ª ®µ´ Ø®π´¨∫ª ¨®πµ¨´ ©¨µ¨≠∞ª∫ ®ªª∞ªº´¨∫ π®≠≠∞µ’¨∫ ¨µΩ¨π∫ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨, ¥®∞∫ ±¨ ∫º∞∫ ™∂µΩ®∞µ™º ∂≠ "®´∞≥≥®™ æØ∞™Ø ∞∫ æ∂πªØ ª∂ ∑π¨∫¨πΩ¨ - ∂π ™®µ ¿∂º ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ ∏º¨ ≥® ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ¨∫ª ∑®π¥∞ ≥¨∫ ∑≥º∫ Ø®ºª¨ ¨ª ©∞¨µ ¥’π∞ª’ ©’µ’- ® "®´∞≥≥®™ &π®µ´ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∂≠ 2050 æبπ¨ 7+1, 217, 7+2, ≠∞™¨∫ ´º "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º∞ Ω®ºª ◊ªπ¨ ™∂µ∫¨πΩ’. $∫ª-™¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ∑∂º- #37, 73#, 271, 1+7, 712, 223, 327, 37# "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ®π¨ ≥∞- Ω¨¡ ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨π ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ &π®µ´ $ºπ∂∑¨®µ ∂º ≥¨∫ "®´∞≥≥®™∫ ¨µ µ¨´ º∑ ®µ´ ¿∂º µ¨¨´ ® ∑®πª∞™º≥®π ´∞𨙪∂π¿ ª∂ ´∞∫ª∞µÆº∞∫Ø ≥∞Ƶ¨ ∫∂µª 7+1, 217, 7+2, #37, 73#, 271, 1+7, 712, 223, ªØ¨¥ ? 327, 37# ? .µ ®ºπ® ©¨∫∂∞µ ´’ºµ ®µµº®∞π¨ √ ´∞∫ª∞µÆº¨π ¨µªπ¨ ¨ºø. !ºπ≤Ø®π´ !π∞¨∫∫¥®µµ 3π®´º™ª∞∂µ: )®¥¨∫ ¿π¨∫ 36 GOD‘S OTHER COUNTRY L‘AUTRE PAYS DE DIEU

4.2. ≠¨≥≥∂æ∫ ≥∞≤¨ ª∂ ∫®¿ „&∂´‘∫ ∂æµ ™∂ºµªπ¿“ ª®≥≤∞µÆ ®©∂ºª 0º®µ´ ≥¨∫ ¥’π∞™®∞µ∫ ∑®π≥¨µª ´¨ ≥¨ºπ ∑π∂∑π¨ ∑®¿∫, ∞≥∫ ∫¨ ªØ¨∞π ™∂ºµªπ¿ ∂≠ ∂π∞Æ∞µ. (µ &¨π¥®µ¿ æ¨ ∫®¿ „≥∞Ω∞µÆ ≥∞≤¨ π’≠’𨵪 ®º « ∑®¿∫ ∑π∂∑π¨ ´¨ #∞¨º ». $µ ≥≥¨¥®Æµ¨ ∂µ ∑®π≥¨ &∂´ ∞µ %π®µ™¨“ ∞≠ æ¨ æ®µª ª∂ ´¨∫™π∞©¨ ® ≥∞≠¨ ≠∞≥≥¨´ æ∞ªØ ´¨ « Ω∞Ωπ¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ ©∂µ #∞¨º ¨µ %π®µ™¨ » ∫∞ ∂µ Ω¨ºª ≠®∞π¨ ¨µ´≥¨∫∫ ∑≥¨®∫ºπ¨. !∂ªØ ∑π∂Ω¨π©∫ ™∂µª®∞µ ∫∂¥¨ ªπºªØ, ®µ´ ®≥≥º∫∞∂µ √ ºµ¨ Ω∞¨ ∑≥¨∞µ¨ ´¨ ∑≥®∞∫∞π ∫®µ∫ ≠∞µ. +¨∫ ´¨ºø ´∞™- ∫∂ æ¨ ªπ¿ ª∂ ¨ø®¥∞µ¨ ∞≠ º∫∞µÆ ªØ¨ Ω∞¨æ ∂≠ ®µ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ ª∂µ∫ ™∂µª∞¨µµ¨µª ºµ ’≥’¥¨µª ´¨ ≥® Ω’π∞ª’. ≥≥∂µ∫ Ω∂∞π¨ ∫∞, ¨µªØº∫∞®∫ª æ¨ ¥®¿ ©¨ ®©≥¨ ª∂ ®∑∑π∂®™Ø %π®µ™¨ ºµ´¨π ªØ∞∫ ´º ∑∂∞µª ´¨ Ωº¨ ´’ºµ ∑®∫∫∞∂µµ’ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ∞≥∫ ∫∂µª ª∂º- ®∫∑¨™ª. ±∂ºπ∫ Ωπ®∞.

ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨≥¿, %π®µ™¨ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π∫ ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ∞¥∑∂𪮵ª #º ∑∂∞µª ´¨ Ωº¨ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨, ≥® %π®µ™¨ ¥¨ª ¨µ Ω¨´¨ªª¨ ºµ¨ ™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞∫ª∞™∫ æØ∞™Ø Ø®Ω¨ ©¨™∂¥¨ ¨µ´¨¥∞™ ≠∂π "®´∞≥≥®™. ™®π®™ª’π∞∫ª∞∏º¨ ∏º¨ ¨∫ª ≠∂µ´®¥¨µª®≥ ∑∂ºπ "®´∞≥≥®™. +¨∫ Ω∂- %π®µ™¨ ™®π∫ - ®∫ ™∂¥∑®™ª ®∫ ªØ¨¿ ¥®¿ ©¨ - Ø®Ω¨ ¨Ω¨π ´¨≥∞- ∞ªºπ¨∫ ≠π®µ—®∞∫¨, ∑¨ª∞ª¨ ∏º’¨≥≥¨∫ ∫∂∞¨µª, ’ª®∞¨µª ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ™∂µ- Ω¨π¨´ ºª¥∂∫ª ™∂¥≠∂πª. $Ω¨µ ∫∞¥∑≥¿ ¨µÆ∞µ¨¨π¨´ ™®π∫ ®∫ ªØ¨ ≠∂𪮩≥¨∫. ,◊¥¨ ≥¨∫ ®ºª∂∫ ´º ƨµ´π¨ ∫∞¥∑≥¨ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ 1¨µ- 1¨µ®º≥ª 4 ∂π ªØ¨ "∞ªπ∂ÿµ 2"5 ´¨≥∞Ω¨π ® ∫ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ ≥¨Ω¨≥ ∂≠ ®º≥ª 4 ∂º ≥¨ 2"5 ´¨ "∞ªπł¨µ ≠∂ºπµ∞∫∫¨µª ºµ µ∞Ω¨®º ´º ™∂µ- ™∂¥≠∂πª æبµ ´π∞Ω¨µ ∂Ω¨π ©º¥∑¿, ºµ¨Ω¨µ ™∂ºµªπ¿ π∂®´∫. ≠∂πª ™∂µ∫∞´’π®©≥¨ ∫ºπ ºµ ™Ø¨¥∞µ π®©∂ª¨ºø ´¨ ≥® ™®¥∑®Æµ¨. µ´ %π¨µ™Ø ™≥®∫∫∞™∫ ®∫ ªØ¨ ºµ≠∂πƨªª®©≥¨ 1¨µ®º≥ª 16 ∂π ªØ¨ +¨∫ ™≥®∫∫∞∏º¨∫ ≠π®µ—®∞∫, ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ 1¨µ®º≥ª 16 ∞µ∂º©≥∞®©≥¨ /¨ºÆ¨∂ª 504 ´¨≥∞Ω¨π¨´ ® ≥∂µÆ ªπ∞∑ ™∂¥≠∂πª æØ∞™Ø ®≥≥∂樴 ∂º ≥¨ 504 ´¨ /¨ºÆ¨∂ª, ∂≠≠π®∞¨µª ´º ™∂µ≠∂πª ∫ºπ ≥¨∫ ªπ®±¨ª∫ ª∂ ªπ®Ω¨≥ ∂Ω¨π ¥∂π¨ ªØ®µ ªØ∂º∫®µ´ ≤∞≥∂¥¨ªπ¨∫ ¨≠≠∂πª≥¨∫∫≥¿. ≥∂µÆ∫ ∏º∞ ∑¨π¥¨ªª®∞ª ∏º’∂µ Ω∂¿®Æ¨ ∑≥º∫ ´¨ ¥∞≥≥¨ ≤∞≥∂¥÷ªπ¨∫ ∫®µ∫ ¨≠≠∂πª. 3Ø∞∫ ≠®™ª ∞∫ ´º¨ ª∂ ªØ¨ ∂≥´ ∑π∞µ™∞∑≥¨ ∂≠ „∫®Ω∂∞π Ω∞Ω𨓠æØ∞™Ø Ø®∫ ©¨¨µ ∫ªπ∞≤∞µÆ ≠∂π %π®µ™¨ ≠∂𠙨µªºπ∞¨∫. +∞Ω¨ ®µ´ ≥¨ª ≥∞Ω¨ +® ™®º∫¨ ´¨ ™¨ ≠®∞ª ¨∫ª ≥® Ω¨∞≥≥¨ ∑π∞µ™∞∑¨ ´¨ « ∫®Ω∂∞π Ω∞Ωπ¨ » - ªØ∞∫ ®ªª∞ªº´¨ ƺ®π®µª¨¨∫ ª∂ ®≥≥ ªØ¨ ≠∂≥≤∫ ªØ®ª ªØ¨¿ ¥®¿ ∏º∞ ¨∫ª ºµ ’≥’¥¨µª ≠π®∑∑®µª ´¨ ≥® ∫∂™∞’ª’ ≠π®µ—®∞∫¨ ´÷∫ ≥¨∫ ¨µ±∂¿ ªØ¨∞π ≥∞≠¨ ©¨∫ª æ∞ªØ µ∂ ∂ªØ¨π∫ ∂≠≠¨µ´∞µÆ ªØ¨¥ ≠∂π ªØ¨∞π ∫∞÷™≥¨∫. +®∞∫∫¨π Ω∞Ωπ¨ – ™¨ªª¨ ®ªª∞ªº´¨ Æ®π®µª∞ª ® ª∂ºª¨ ≥¨ ©¨Ø®Ω∞∂ºπ. 3بπ¨≠∂π¨, ∞µ %π®µ™¨ ¿∂ºπ ≠¨≥≥∂æ ™∞ª∞¡¨µ∫ ´∂ µ∂ª ¥∂µ´¨ ∏º’∞≥∫ ∑¨ºΩ¨µª ∑π∂≠∞ª¨π ´¨ ∫¨∫ ∑π∂∑π¨∫ Ω∞¨∫ ∫®µ∫ ´’- ≥∂∂≤ ®ª ªØ¨ ™®π ∫∂¥¨∂µ¨ ´π∞Ω¨∫ ©ºª ∂µ≥¿ ©¨Ø∞µ´ ªØ¨ ≠®™®´¨ ∞≠ π®µÆ¨π √ ®ºªπº∞. ∞µ∫∞, ¨µ %π®µ™¨, ≥¨ ™∞ª∂¿¨µ µ¨ π¨Æ®π´¨ ∑®∫ ªØ¨π¨ ∞∫ ® ≠¨≥≥∂æ æ∂πªØ ªØ¨ ®ªª¨µª∞∂µ. 2∂ ¿∂º ¥®¿ ©¨Ø®Ω¨ ≥® Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´®µ∫ ≥®∏º¨≥≥¨ ∂µ π∂º≥¨ ¥®∞∫ ´¨ππ∞÷π¨ ≥® ≠®—®´¨ √ ®∫ ¿∂º 段ª - ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ≥∂∂≤ ©¨Ø∞µ´ ªØ¨ ∑º©≥∞™ ™ºπª®∞µ ®µ´ Ω∂∞π ∫’∞≥ ¿ ® ∏º¨≥∏º’ºµ ∏º∞ ¨µ Ω®ºª ≥® ∑¨∞µ¨. 5∂º∫ ∑∂ºΩ¨¡ ≥∂∂≤ ®ª ªØ¨ ¥®µ ©¨Ø∞µ´ ªπ¨®ª∞µÆ ¿∂º ®∫ æ¨≥≥ ®∫ ®µ¿∂µ¨ µ∂ Ω∂º∫ ™∂¥∑∂πª¨π ™∂¥¥¨ Ω∂º∫ Ω∂º≥¨¡ – ≥¨∫ ƨµ∫ π¨Æ®π´¨µª ¥®ªª¨π æØ∞™Ø ™®π ¿∂º ®π¨ º∫∞µÆ. (µ &¨π¥®µ¿, ≠∂π ¨ø®¥∑≥¨, ´¨ππ∞÷π¨ ≥¨ π∞´¨®º ∑º©≥∞™ ¨ª π¨Æ®π´¨µª ≥’Ø∂¥¥¨. (≥∫ Ω∂º∫ ∞≠ ¿∂º ®ππ∞Ω¨ ∞µ ® ™®π æ∞ªØ Ø∞ÆØ ´∞∫∑≥®™¨¥¨µª, ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ®∫∫º- ªπ®∞ª¨µª ® ≥’’Æ®≥ ® ∏º¨ µ’∞¥∑∂𪨠∏º∞ ∫®µ∫ π¨Æ®π´ ´¨ Ω∂ªπ¨ 37 ¥¨ ¿∂º ∂ºÆت ª∂ ©¨ ∫∂¥¨ªØ∞µÆ ∫∑¨™∞®≥ ¨Ω¨µ ∞≠ ªØ∞∫ ∫Ø∂º≥´ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨. $µ ≥≥¨¥®Æµ¨, ∑®π ¨ø¨¥∑≥¨, ∫∞ ∂µ ®ππ∞Ω¨ ®Ω¨™ ºµ¨ ´∞≠≠¨π 𨥮π≤®©≥¿ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ªπºªØ. Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´¨ Æπ®µ´¨ ™¿≥∞µ´π’¨ ∂µ ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ ∏º¨ Ω∂º∫ ◊ª¨∫ ∏º¨≥- ∏º¨ ™Ø∂∫¨ ´’¨ø™¨∑ª∞∂µµ¨≥≥¨, ¥◊¥¨ ∏º¨ ∫∞ —® ¨∫ª ≥∂∞µ ´¨ ≥® 3غ∫, ∞µ %π®µ™¨ ¿∂º ¥®¿ µ∂ª ©¨ ≠∂π™¨´ ª∂ ªπ¿ ®µ´ ©º∞≥´ º∑ Ω’π∞ª’. ® ´∞≠≠¨π¨µª ∞´¨µª∞ª¿ - ¿∂º ®π¨ ®∑∑π¨™∞®ª¨´ ∞µ´¨∑¨µ´¨µª≥¿ ≠π∂¥ ¿∂ºπ ¥∂µ¨¿ ®µ´ ¿∂ºπ ∫ª®ªº∫. ,®¿©¨ ªØ∞∫ ∞∫ ªØ¨ π¨- $µ %π®µ™¨, ´∂µ™, Ω∂º∫ µ’◊ª¨∫ ∑®∫ ∂©≥∞Æ’ ´’¨∫∫®¿¨π ™∂µ∫ªπº∞π¨ ®∫∂µ ≠∂π ªØ¨ ¥®ªª¨π ∂≠ ≠®™ª ªØ®ª ∞µ ªØ¨ ≥®∫ª ´¨™®´¨∫ %π®µ™¨ ºµ¨ ∞´¨µª∞ª’ ´∞≠≠’𨵪 – Ω∂º∫ ◊ª¨∫ ®∑∑π’™∞’ ®º-´¨≥√ ´¨ Ω∂ªπ¨ ®ºª∂ ¥®µº≠®™ªºπ¨π∫ ´∞´ µ∂ª ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑ ®µ¿ º≥ªπ®-π¨∑π¨∫¨µª®- ®πƨµª ∂º π®µÆ. "’¨∫ª ∑¨ºª ◊ªπ¨ ∑∂ºπ —® ∏º¨ ∑¨µ´®µª ≥¨∫ ´’- ª∞Ω¨ ≥∞¥∂º∫∞µ¨∫ ∫¨πΩ∞µÆ ªØ¨ ∑ºπ∑∂∫¨ ª∂ ¨π¨™ª ® ≠®™®´¨ ∂≠ ™®´¨∫ ≥¨∫ ≠®©π∞™®µª∫ ´¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ≠π®µ—®∞∫¨ µ’®Ω®∞¨µª ∑®∫ ≠®∞ª „∫ª®ª¨∫¥®µ“ ®ªª∞ªº´¨ ©ºª ¥¨π¨≥¿ ™∂¥≠∂𪮩≥¨ ™®π∫ µ∂ª ´∞∫- ´¨∫ ©¨π≥∞µ¨∫ Ø®ºª¨ ´¨ Æ®¥¥¨ ´¨∫ª∞µ’¨∫ ® ≠®∞π¨ ≠®—®´¨ « ∑≥®¿∞µÆ ∂ºªæ®π´≥¿ ªØ¨∞π ∏º®≥∞ª∞¨∫ ∂≠ ®¥¨µ∞ª¿ ®µ´ ™∂¥≠∂πª. Ø∂¥¥¨ ´’$ª®ª » ¥®∞∫ ∏º¨ ≥¨∫ ®ºª∂∫ ™∂µ≠∂𪮩≥¨∫ ∫®µ∫ ’Ω∞- ´¨µ™¨ ¨øª’π∞¨ºπ¨ ´¨ ≥¨ºπ∫ ∏º®≥∞ª’∫ ´’®¥’µ∞ª’ ¨ª ™∂µ≠∂πª. '∂æ¨Ω¨π, ® ≥∂∂≤ ©®™≤ ∞µ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ Ø∞∫ª∂- -’®µ¥∂∞µ∫, ºµ π¨- π¿ ¨µ≥∞Æت¨µ∫ ªØ®ª ≠∂π Æ®π´ Ω¨π∫ ≥¨ ∑®∫∫’ ∫∂¥¨ Æ≥∂π∞∂º∫ ¿¨®π∫, µ∂º∫ π®∑∑¨≥≥¨ ∏º¨ ªØ¨ ®ºª∂¥∂ª∞Ω¨ Æ∂´ ∑∂ºπ ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ ®µ- π¨®≥≥¿ ≥∞Ω¨´ ∞µ %π®µ- µ’¨∫ ´¨ Æ≥∂∞π¨ ≥¨ ™¨: !¨ªæ¨¨µ 1955 ®µ´ ´∞¨º ´¨ ≥’®ºª∂ Ω∞Ω®∞ª 1976 "∞ªπ∂ÿµ ©º∞≥ª ∞ª∫ ¨µ ¨≠≠¨ª ¨µ %π®µ™¨. æ∂π≥´-≠®¥∂º∫ #2, $µªπ¨ 1955 ¨ª 1976 ∫∑∂≤¨µ „#¨¨∫∫¨“- Æ∂- "∞ªπł¨µ ™∂µ∫ª- ´¨∫∫ - æØ∞™Ø ª∂ƨªØ¨π πº∞∫®∞ª ∫∂µ ¥∂µ´∞- æ∞ªØ ∞ª∫ ∫º™™¨∫∫∂π "7 ®≥¨¥¨µª ™∂µµº #2 ¨Ω¨µ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ∑∂∞µª ∂≠ (∂µ ´∞ª « ´¨¨∫∫¨ ») Ω∞¨æ ∂≠ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ∏º∞, ®Ω¨™ ≥¨ ∫º™™¨∫- ´π∞Ω¨π ∞∫ ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∫¨ºπ "7 , ¨∫ª – ´º Ω¨π¿ ≠¨æ ´¨∫∞π®©≥¨ ∑∂∞µª ´¨ Ωº¨ ´’ºµ ™®π∫ ©º∞≥ª ∂ºª∫∞´¨ ∂≠ ™Ø®º≠≠¨ºπ "®´∞≥≥®™ #¨ªπ∂∞ª. (ª‘∫ ® ∑∞ª¿ – ∑®π¥∞ ≥¨∫ ∑¨º ´¨ ªØ®ª %π¨µ™Ø ¥®µº≠®™- Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ´’∫∞π®©≥¨∫ ªºπ¨π∫ ≥∂∫ª ªØ∞∫ 殿 ™∂µ∫ªπº∞ª ®º ´¨- ¨Ω¨µ ∞≠ ªØ¨ "∞ªπ∂ÿµ "6 Ø∂π∫ ´¨ #¨ªπ∂∞ª. ´∂¨∫ π¨∫¨¥©≥¨ ∞ª∫ #∂¥¥®Æ¨ ∏º¨ ≥¨∫ ∑π¨´¨™¨∫∫∂π∫ ¥∂π¨ ≠®©π∞™®µª∫ ≠π®µ—®∞∫ ªØ®µ ªØ¨ "∞ªπ∂ÿµ 7,. ∂µª ∑¨π´º ≥® ªπ®™¨, ¥◊¥¨ ∏º¨ ≥¨ "∞ªπł- ,¿ "®´∞≥≥®™ ¥∞≥¨∫ - ¨µ "6 ¨∫ª ∑≥º∫ ®µ´ ®≥∫∂ ªØ¨ ¥∞≥¨∫ ∫¨¥©≥®©≥¨∫ √ ∫¨∫ ´π∞Ω¨µ æ∞ªØ .≥´∫¥∂- ∑π’´’™¨∫∫¨ºπ∫ ∏º¨ ©∞≥¨∫ ®µ´ !º∞™≤∫ - ªØ- ≥¨ "∞ªπł¨µ 7,. π∂ºÆØ %π®µ™¨ π¨Ω¨®≥ ªØ®ª 4.2. ™®π∫ ´¨≥∞Ω¨π ,¨∫ ¥∞≥¨∫ "®´∞≥≥®™ ® ∫ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ ≥∞µ≤ ¨µ %π®µ™¨ – ®º∫∫∞ ©¨ªæ¨¨µ ªØ∞∫ ™∂ºµªπ¿ ≥¨∫ ¥∞≥¨∫ ¨µ !º∞™≤ ¨ª ®µ´ ªØ¨ ´¨∫∞Ƶ ®µ´ .≥´∫¥∂©∞≥¨ – π’Ω÷- ≥®¿∂ºª ∂≠ ªØ¨∫¨ ™®π∫. ≥¨µª ºµ ≥∞¨µ ∫ºπ- 'ºÆ¨ ®Ω¨µº¨∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ ∑𨵵¨µª ¨µªπ¨ ≥¨ ™∞ª∞¨∫, ∫ªπ®∞Æت ™∂ºµ- ∑®¿∫ ¨ª ≥¨ ´¨∫∫∞µ ´¨ ªπ¿ π∂®´∫ ®µ´ ≥∂µÆ ∫¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫. +¨∫ Ø∞ÆØ殿∫ ®≥≥∂æ ª∂ ®Ω¨µº¨∫ Ω®∫ª¨∫ ´π∞Ω¨ ∞µ ¥¨π∞™®µ ´®µ∫ ≥¨∫ Ω∞≥≥¨∫, ≥¨∫ ∫ª¿≥¨. 6¨ ®≥∫∂ ®´¥∞π¨ Ø∂æ ªØ¨ ≥∞µ¨∫ ®µ´ ¨´Æ¨∫ ∂≠ 4.2. ™®π∫ ™Ø¨¥∞µ∫ ´π∂∞ª∫ ´¨ ≥® ™®¥∑®Æµ¨ ¨ª ≥¨∫ π∂ºª¨∫ ≥∂µÆ∫ Ω∂º∫ æ¨π¨ ´¨∫∞Ƶ¨´ ®µ´ ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨ Ø®Ω¨ ®µ ∂∑¨µ ¨¿¨ ≠∂π ®π™Ø∞ª¨™- ≥®∞∫∫¨µª π∂º≥¨π √ ≥® ¥’π∞™®∞µ¨. -∂º∫ ®´¥∞π∂µ∫ ®º∫∫∞ ≥¨∫ ªºπ¨ ®µ´ ≥®µ´∫™®∑¨ Ω∞¨æ∫. 3بπ¨≠∂π¨, ∞ª‘∫ ® ∫ªπ∞≤∞µÆ ≠¨¨≥∞µÆ ≥∞Ƶ¨∫ ¨ª ∫∞≥Ø∂º¨ªª¨∫ ´¨∫ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨∫ ®¥’π∞™®∞µ¨∫ ¨ª µ∂º∫ ®Ω∂µ∫, ª∂ ∫¨¨ ªØ∞∫ ©¨®ºª∞≠º≥≥¿ ∫Ø®∑¨´ ™®π π∂≥≥∞µÆ ªØπ∂ºÆØ ®µ ¨µΩ∞- ´∂µ™, ºµ ð∞≥ ∑∂ºπ ≥’®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ¨ª ´¨∫ Ωº¨∫. "’¨∫ª, ®∞µ∫∞, ºµ¨ π∂µ¥¨µª æØ¨π¨ ªØ¨ ∑≥¨®∫ºπ¨ ª∂ ªØ¨ ¨¿¨ æ®∫ ∂µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∑π∞µ- ’¥∂ª∞∂µ ∑º∞∫∫®µª¨ ® Ω∂∞π¨ ™¨ªª¨ ©¨≥≥¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ π∂º≥®µª ´®µ∫ ™∞∑®≥ Æ∂®≥∫. 3∂ ∫¨¨ ªØ¨ ≥∂µÆ ™ºπΩ¨∫ ∂≠ ® "®´∞≥≥®™ ∞µ ≠π∂µª ∂≠ ® ºµ¨ ∑®¿∫®Æ¨ ∂º ≥¨ ∑≥®∞∫∞π ´¨ ≥’ð∞≥ ’ª®∞ª ºµ ∂©±¨™ª∞≠ ∞¥∑∂π- ™®∫ª≥¨ ∞µ ªØ¨ +∂∞π¨ Ω®≥≥¨¿, ª∂ ¨µ±∂¿ ™πº∞∫∞µÆ ´∂æµ ªØ¨ „,∂- ª®µª. Ω∂∞π ≥¨∫ ™∂ºπ©¨∫ ≥∂µÆ∫ ´’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ´¨Ω®µª ºµ ™Øƒ- ¿¨µµ¨ "∂πµ∞™Ø¨“ ∂Ω¨π≥∂∂≤∞µÆ ,∂µª¨ "®π≥∂ ®µ´ Ø®Ω∞µÆ ®≥- ª¨®º ´¨ ≥® Ω®≥≥’¨ ´¨ ≥® +∂∞π¨, ∑π∂≠∞ª¨π ´¨ π∂º≥¨π ≥® « ,∂¿¨µµ¨ ª¨πµ®ª∞Ω¨≥¿ ªØ¨ ªºπ∏º∂∞∫¨ ∫¨®, ªØ¨ ©≥º¨ ∫≤¿, ªØ¨ Æ𨨵 ,¨´∞- "∂πµ∞™Ø¨ » ∫ºπΩ¨∞≥≥®µª ,∂µª¨ "®π≥∂ ®Ω¨™ ≥¨∫ ®≥ª¨πµ®ª∞Ω¨∫ ª¨π𮵨®µ ∑∞µ¨∫ ∂π ªØ¨ π¨´ π∂™≤∫ ®∫ „©®™≤Æπ∂ºµ´“ ≠∂π ªØ¨ ´¨ ¥¨π ªºπ∏º∂∞∫¨, ™∞¨≥ ©≥¨º, ≥¨ Ω¨πª ´¨∫ ∑∞µ∫ ¥’´∞ª¨ππ®µ’∫ ¨ª æπ¨®ªØ ®µ´ ™π¨∫ª ∂𵮥¨µª ∂π ª∂ ¨µ±∂¿ ªØ¨ º≥ª∞¥®ª¨ ´π∞- ≥¨∫ π∂™Ø¨∫ π∂ºÆ¨∫ ™∂¥¥¨ « ≠∂µ´ » ∑∂ºπ ≥’¨¥©≥÷¥¨ ´’’™º∫∫∂µ 38 Ω∞µÆ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨ æبµ ™∂®∫ª∞µÆ ´∂æµ ªØ¨ Ω¨µº¨ ´¨ ¨ª ƺ∞π≥®µ´¨ ∂º ©’µ’≠∞™∞¨π ´¨ ≥’¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨ º≥ª∞¥¨ ´¨ ™∂µ- "Ø®¥∑∫-$≥¿∫÷¨∫ ∞µ ®µ $≥´∂π®´∂ ™∂µΩ¨πª∞©≥¨ æ∞ªØ ª∂∑ ´∂æµ, ´º∞π¨ π∂º≥®µª ≥’ Ω¨µº¨ ´¨∫ "Ø®¥∑∫-$≥¿∫’¨∫ ´®µ∫ ºµ $≥´∂- ªØ¨ ∂©¨≥∞∫≤ ∂≠ /≥®™¨ ´¨ ≥® "∂µ™∂π´¨ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ Ø∂∂´ ®µ´ π™ π®´∂ ™®©π∞∂≥¨ª ´’™®∑∂ª’, ≥’∂©’≥∞∫∏º¨ ´¨ ≥® /≥®™¨ ´¨ ≥® "∂µ- ´¨ 3π∞∂¥∑ب ∞µ ªØ¨ π¨®πΩ∞¨æ ¥∞ππ∂π: %π®µ™¨ ´∂¨∫ ¨ø∑∂∫¨ ™∂π´¨ ¨µ Ø®ºª ¨ª ≥’ π™Ø¨ ´¨ 3π∞∂¥∑ب ´®µ∫ ≥¨ π’ªπ∂Ω∞∫¨ºπ. ¨ø™¨∑ª∞∂µ®≥ ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ∫∞ªº®ª∞∂µ∫. %∂𠥨 ∫º™Ø ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ∫ /∂ºπ ¥∂∞, ™¨∫ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ∫ ∫∂µª ª∂º±∂ºπ∫ ¥’≥®µÆ’¨∫ ®Ω¨™ ®π¨ ®≥殿∫ ¥∞ø¨´ æ∞ªØ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ™∂µΩ¨πª∞µÆ ® ∫∞¥∑≥¨ π∂ºµ´ ≥’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨, ∏º∞ ™Ø®µÆ¨ ºµ ∫∞¥∑≥¨ ®≥≥¨π-π¨ª∂ºπ √ ºµ Ω∂¿®Æ¨ ªπ∞∑ ∞µ ® ±∂ºπµ¨¿ ªØπ∂ºÆØ ∑®∫ª - ®µ´ ∞µ ªØ¨ ™®∫¨ ∂≠ %π®µ™¨ - ´®µ∫ ≥¨ ∑®∫∫’. 2ºπ ≥® ™®∫ ´¨ ≥® %π®µ™¨, ºµ ∑®∫∫’ Æ≥∂π∞¨ºø. .µ Æ≥∂π∞∂º∫ ª∞¥¨∫. 1∂ºÆØ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ©¨Æ∞µµ∞µÆ ∂≠ ™º≥- ® ´¨∫ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µ∫ ∞¥∑π’™∞∫¨∫ ´¨ ≥’∂π∞Æ∞µ¨ ´¨ ≥® ™º≥ªºπ¨ ªºπ¨ ∂≠ ¥®µ≤∞µ´ ™π∂∫∫∞µÆ !π∞ª®µµ¿ æ∞ªØ ∞ª∫ ∫ª®µ´∞µÆ ∫ª∂µ¨∫, ´’Ø∂¥¥¨ ∏º®µ´ ∂µ ªπ®Ω¨π∫ ≥® !π¨ª®Æµ¨ ®Ω¨™ ∫¨∫ ¥∂µ∂≥∞- ©π∞Æت ®µª∞∏º¨ ≥ºøºπ¿ ∫¿¥©∂≥∞¡¨´ ©¿ ªØ¨ Ω®π∞∂º∫ ®∏º¨- ªØ¨∫, ≥® ©π∞≥≥®µ™¨ ´’®µª∞∏º∞ª’ ∫¿¥©∂≥∞∫’ ∑®π ≥¨∫ ®∏º¨´º™∫ ´¨ ´º™ª∫ ∞µ /π∂Ω¨µ™¨, ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞Ω¨ ¥¨´∞¨Ω®≥ ©º∞≥´∞µÆ∫ ¨Ω¨µ ∞≠ /π∂Ω∞µ™¨, ≥¨∫ ©ƒª∞¥¨µª∫ ∞¥∑π¨∫∫∞∂µµ®µª∫ ¥’´∞’Ω®ºø ¥◊¥¨ ≠π∂¥ æ∂π≥´-≥¨®´∞µÆ ®©©¨¿∫ ®∫ ¨.Æ. "≥ºµ¿ ªØ¨π¨ ®π¨ ¥¨π¨≥¿ ∏º¨ ∫∞ ∑∂ºπ ∏º¨≥∏º¨∫ ºµ∫ ´¨∫ ®©©®¿¨∫ ´’∞¥∑∂𪮵™¨ ¥∂µ- ¨ø∞∫ª∞µÆ ∫∂¥¨ ∫™®π™¨ π¨≥∞™ª∫, ªØ¨ ∫≤¿∫™π®∑∞µÆ Æ𮙨 ∂≠ Æ∂- ´∞®≥ ™∂¥¥¨ "≥ºµ¿ ∞≥∫ µ∂º∫ µ¨ π¨∫ª¨µª ∏º¨ ´¨∫ π¨≥∞∏º¨∫ π®- ªØ∞™ ™®ªØ¨´π®≥∫ ∫∑π¨®´ ∂Ω¨π ªØ¨ æØ∂≥¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿, ªØ¨ º≥ª∞¥®- π¨∫, ≥® Æ𮪪¨-™∞¨≥ Æπƒ™¨ ´¨∫ ™®ªØ’´π®≥¨∫ Æ∂ªØ∞∏º¨∫ π’∑®µ- ª¨ Æπ®µ´¨ºπ ∂≠ ™®∫ª≥¨∫ ∂≠ ®©∫∂≥ºª∞∫¥, ªØ¨ º∫¨ ∂≠ ∞π∂µ ®∫ ® ´º∫ ∑®π ª∂ºª ≥¨ ∑®¿∫, ≥¨ Æπ®µ´¨ºπ ´¨∫ ™Øƒª¨®ºø ∫∞Ƶ ≠∂π ªØ¨ ®Æ¨ ∂≠ ∞µ´º∫ªπ∞®≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ ®∫ ªØ¨ $∞≠≠¨≥ ª∂æ¨π ∂π ´’®©∫∂≥ºª∞∫¥¨, ≥’ºª∞≥∞∫®ª∞∂µ ´º ≠¨π ™∂¥¥¨ ∫¿¥©∂≥¨ ´¨ ≥’®Æ¨ ªØ¨ !∞π '®≤¨∞¥ !π∞´Æ¨ ∞µ /®π∞∫, ®µ´ ≥®∫ª ©ºª µ∂ª ≥¨®∫ª ªØ¨ ´’∞µ´º∫ªπ∞®≥∞∫®ª∞∂µ ™∂¥¥¨ ´®µ∫ ≥¨ 3∂ºπ $∞≠≠¨≥ ∂º ≥¨ /∂µª !∞π Ø∞ÆØ≥∞Æت∫ ∂≠ ¥∂´¨πµ ®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ®∫ /®≥®∞∫ "Ø®∞≥≥∂ª, "¨µ- '®≤¨∞¥ ´¨ /®π∞∫, ¨ª ≠∞µ®≥¨¥¨µª, ≥¨ ´¨πµ∞¨π ¥®∞∫ ∑®∫ ≥¨ ªπ¨ /∂¥∑∞´∂º ®µ´ !∞©≥∞∂ªØ¨∏º¨ ´¨ %π®µ™¨ ∞µ /®π∞∫ - ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ¥∂∞µ´π¨, ≥¨∫ ™≥∂º∫ ´¨ ≥’®π™Ø∞ª¨™ªºπ¨ ¥∂´¨πµ ™∂¥¥¨ ≥¨ /®- ªØπ∂ºÆØ %π®µ™¨ ®´´∫ ªØ¨ ª∂º™Ø ∂≠ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ª∂ ¨Ω¨π¿ ¥∞≥¨ ≥®∞∫ ´¨ "Ø®∞≥≥∂ª, ≥¨ "¨µªπ¨ /∂¥∑∞´∂º ¨ª ≥¨ !∞©≥∞∂ªØ÷∏º¨ ´¨ ®µ´ ªØº∫ Æ∞Ω¨∫ ®µ ®µ∫æ¨π ª∂ ∂ºπ ∞µ∞ª∞®≥ ∏º¨∫ª∞∂µ: ™®π ∂≠ %π®µ™¨ - π∂º≥¨π ¨µ %π®µ™¨ ®±∂ºª¨ ºµ¨ ª∂º™Ø¨ ´’Ø∞∫ª∂∞π¨ ® &∂´‘∫ ∂æµ ™∂ºµªπ¿ ∞µ ªØ¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿ æبπ¨ &∂´ ≥∞Ω¨∫ - ¿∂º ™Ø®∏º¨ ¥∞≥¨ ¨ª µ∂º∫ ´∂µµ¨ ºµ¨ π’∑∂µ∫¨ ® µ∂ªπ¨ ∏º¨∫ª∞∂µ ™®µµ∂ª ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨ ® ¥∂π¨ ∫º∑¨π© ™∂¥©∞µ®ª∞∂µ ≠∂π ´π∞Ω∞µÆ ∂π∞Æ∞µ®≥ : ºµ¨ Ω∂∞ªºπ¨ ´º ∑®¿∫ ´¨ #∞¨º ´®µ∫ ºµ ∑®¿∫ ∂º ≥¨ ¨ø∑¨π∞¨µ™¨∫. (≠ &∂´ ∫Ø∂º≥´ π¨ªºπµ ª∂ ªØ¨ æ∂π≥´ - ∫ºπ¨≥¿ ب !∂µ #∞¨º Ø®©∞ª¨ : Ω∂º∫ µ¨ ∑∂ºΩ¨¡ ∑®∫ ∞¥®Æ∞µ¨π ºµ¨ ™∂¥©∞- æ∂º≥´ ®∑∑¨®π ∞µ %π®µ™¨, ®µ´ ( ©¨≥∞¨Ω¨ ب æ∂º≥´ ´∂ ªØ∞∫ µ®∞∫∂µ ¥¨∞≥≥¨ºπ ´¨∫ ¨ø∑’π∞¨µ™¨∫ ´¨ ™∂µ´º∞π¨. 2∞ ≥¨ !∂µ #∞¨º ©¨Ø∞µ´ ªØ¨ ∫ª¨¨π∞µÆ æب¨≥ ∂≠ ® Ω∞µª®Æ¨ "®´∞≥≥®™! π¨Ω∞¨µ´π® ®º ,∂µ´¨ ™’¨∫ª ∫ºπ ∏º’∞≥ ®∑∑®π®Áªπ® ¨µ %π®µ™¨. $ª !ºπ≤Ø®π´ !π∞¨ß¥®µµ ±¨ ™π∂∞∫ ∏º’∞≥ ∫¨π® ´¨ππ∞÷π¨ ≥¨ Ω∂≥®µª ´’ºµ "®´∞≥≥®™ ™≥®∫∫∞∏º¨! 3π®´º™ª∞∂µ: )®¥¨∫ ¿π¨∫ 39 40