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Archaeology Assessment

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Archaeology Assessment Boreham Road Warminster Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment Prepared for: HPH Limited 29th July 2013 Boreham Road, Warminster, Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment Contents Non Technical Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3 Planning Legislation and Guidance ............................................................................................. 4 4 Designated Heritage Assets ........................................................................................................... 6 5 Other Recorded Heritage Assets..............................................................................................7 6 Historic Mapping, Aerial Photography, Ground Investigation & Site Visit............................10 7 Conclusions.................................................................................................................................13 8 References..................................................................................................................................14 Appendix 1: The Known Relevant Archaeological Resource (from the Wiltshire HER) ............ 15 Appendix 2: Consulted Historic Maps (from the Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre)............... 17 Appendix 3: Consulted Aerial Photographs (from the NMR) ......................................................... 17 Figures 1-14 APS 13/391 This report is for the sole use of the client. No part of the report may be reproduced without the permission of APS Boreham Road, Warminster, Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment Non Technical Summary There has been very little archaeological research within the immediate vicinity of the site and as such very few archaeological sites and findspots are recorded on the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record. Nevertheless, the general locality does have the potential to contain archaeology of prehistoric date as evidenced by the presence of scheduled Neolithic/Bronze Age barrows to the south-east and east. However, any prehistoric archaeology within the site is likely to have been damaged or destroyed by part of a 17th century or later system of water meadows located adjacent to Boreham Mill. These water meadow earthworks were almost certainly damaged in 1963-4 when a spread of landfill between 1.2m and 1.9m thick was deposited across the site. As the water meadows no longer survive as a historic landscape resource and as they have almost certainly been damaged and also deeply buried by landfill, the site can be regarded as having very low archaeological potential. Furthermore, should any archaeology be present it is highly unlikely that it will be exposed during construction work as the houses will be constructed on piled foundations with suspended ground floor slabs, and the excavations required for road surfaces and drainage are unlikely to penetrate below the landfill. A Grade II listed milestone on the Boreham Road frontage will be relocated slightly to the east. This process will not affect its existing roadside setting and will be carried out in accordance with a scheme of works which will be agreed in advance with the Wiltshire Council Conservation Officer. 1 Boreham Road, Warminster, Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment 1 Introduction 1.1 This report presents the results of an assessment of the potential archaeological resource on land at the junction of Boreham Road and Bishopstrow Road, Warminster in Wiltshire centred on NGR: ST 8902 4419 (Figure 1). The land presently consists of a field under rough grassland with deep overgrown ditches along the northern, north-eastern and western boundaries. The aim of the assessment is to inform on the archaeological implications of proposed residential development. 1.2 Topographically the site lies on ground at around 110m AOD although it is raised well above Boreham Road to the north and Bishopstrow Road to the east. The geology is recorded as the Shaftesbury Sandstone Member overlain by alluvial deposits derived from the River Wylye (www.bgs.ac.uk). The site is bounded to the north by Boreham Road, to the north-east by Bishopstrow Road, to the south-east by a watercourse leading to a former millpond west of Boreham Mill, to the south by the River Wylye and to the west by a hedged field boundary. 2 Boreham Road, Warminster, Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment 2 Methodology 2.1 This report has been produced in accordance with guidelines in the Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment issued by the Institute for Archaeologists (2011). The report included consultation of readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and cartographic sources. The major repositories of information comprised: Wiltshire Historic Environment Record (HER) for records of known archaeological sites and findspots within 500m of the site. Relevant details are listed in Appendix 1; the on-line National Heritage List for England database for details of designated heritage assets close to the site; historic maps and documents held by the Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre. The consulted maps are listed in Appendix 2; aerial photographs held by the National Monuments Record. The consulted photographs are listed in Appendix 3; and the results of a site visit undertaken on 12th July 2012. 2.2 Section 3 of this report summarises relevant planning legislation and guidance and Section 4 summarises designated heritage assets close to the site. These designated heritage assets are marked on Figure 1 and summarised in Appendix 1. Section 5 summarises other recorded non-designated heritage assets around the site, and their known locations are marked on Figure 2 and again summarised in Appendix 1. Section 6 details the results of cartographic and aerial photographic research, the results of a geotechnical ground investigation and a site visit. Extracts from historic maps are shown in Figures 3-8, aerial photographs in Figures 9-11, a Wiltshire County Council planning permission document dating to 1963 in Figure 12 and site photographs in Figures 13-14. Section 7 outlines the conclusions of this report. 3 Boreham Road, Warminster, Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment 3 Planning Legislation and Guidance 3.1 A key piece of legislation relating to archaeology is the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979). In this regard the nearest scheduled monument consists of a pair of Bronze Age bowl barrows located approximately 250m to the south-east (Figure 1, no. 1). A scheduled Neolithic long barrow and two further scheduled bowl barrows are also located approximately 700m to the east (Figure 1). 3.2 The most relevant planning guidance concerning archaeology and other heritage assets is to be found in paragraphs 126-141 of the National Planning Policy Framework (2012). These advise on planning procedures covering designated heritage assets (e.g. world heritage sites, scheduled monuments, listed buildings, conservation areas, registered parks & gardens and registered battlefields) and also non-designated heritage assets which are of heritage interest and therefore a material planning consideration. 3.3 Paragraph 128 addresses planning applications, stating that “local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation”. 3.4 Designated heritage assets are addressed in Paragraph 132 which states that “when considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional”. 4 Boreham Road, Warminster, Wiltshire Archaeological Assessment 3.5 The site also lies within an Area of Archaeological Interest or Area of Higher Archaeological Potential on the West Wiltshire District Plan (1st Alteration). Saved policy C15 requires an archaeological assessment for development proposals within
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