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Removing the Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
Billing Code 4333-15 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2018–0097; FF09E22000 FXES1113090FEDR 212] RIN 1018–BD60 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTIONS: Final rule and notice of petition finding. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service or USFWS), have evaluated the classification status of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) entities currently listed in the lower 48 United States and Mexico under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). Based on our evaluation, we are removing the gray wolf entities in the lower 48 United States and Mexico, except for the Mexican wolf (C. l. baileyi), that are currently on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. We are taking this action because the best available scientific and 1 commercial data available establish that the gray wolf entities in the lower 48 United States do not meet the definitions of a threatened species or an endangered species under the Act. The effect of this rulemaking action is that C. lupus is not classified as a threatened or endangered species under the Act. This rule does not have any effect on the separate listing of the Mexican wolf subspecies (Canis lupus baileyi) as endangered under the Act. In addition, we announce a 90-day finding on a petition to maintain protections for the gray wolf in the lower 48 United States as endangered or threatened distinct population segments. -
Wolves in the Lower 48 States
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR PETITION FOR A NATIONAL RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE WOLF (CANIS LUPUS) IN THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES OUTSIDE THE SOUTHWEST UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Center for Biological Diversity Photo: Gary Kramer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2 July 20, 2010 Ken Salazar, Secretary Rowan Gould, Acting Director Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Main Interior Building 1849 C Street NW 18th and C Streets, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Washington, D.C. 20240 Re: Petition to the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for Development of a Recovery Plan for the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in the Conterminous United States Outside of the Southwest. Dear Secretary Salazar and Acting Director Gould: Pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 1533(f) of the Endangered Species Act and section 5 U.S.C. § 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act, the Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) hereby petitions the U.S. Department of the Interior (“DOI”), by and through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (“Service”), to develop a recovery plan for the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in the conterminous United States outside of the Southwest. Our petition excludes the Southwest on the premise that the Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) will be listed either as a subspecies or distinct population segment, as requested in the Center’s Mexican gray wolf listing petition of August 11, 2009. Should this not have occurred by the time the Service initiates development of a recovery plan for the wolf in the conterminous U.S. -
The Role of the US Captive Tiger Population in the Trade in Tiger Parts
PAPER TIGERS? The Role of the U.S. Captive Tiger Population in the Trade in Tiger Parts Douglas F. Williamson & Leigh A. Henry A TRAFFIC NORTH AMERICA REPORT This report was published with the kind support of PAPER TIGERS? The Role of the U.S. Captive Tiger Population in the Trade in Tiger Parts Douglas F. Williamson and Leigh A. Henry July 2008 TRAFFIC North America World Wildlife Fund 1250 24th Street NW Washington, DC 20037 USA Visit www.traffic.org for an electronic edition of this report, and for more information about TRAFFIC North America. © 2008 WWF. All rights reserved by World Wildlife Fund, Inc. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit TRAFFIC North America. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), or IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature. The designation of geographic entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership are held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint program of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Williamson, D.F. and L.A. Henry. 2008. Paper Tigers?: The Role of the U.S. Captive Tiger Population in the Trade in Tiger Parts . -
Mammals in Which Females Are Larger Than Males
VOLUME5 1 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY JUNE1976 MAMMALS IN WHICH FEMALES ARE LARGER THAN MALES Division of Mammals, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 ABSTRACT Females are larger than males in more species of mammals than is generally supposed. A provisional list of the mammalian cases is provided. The phenomenon is not correlated with an unusually large degree of male parental investment, polyandry, greater aggressiveness in females than in males, greater development of weapons in females, female dominance, or matriarchy. The phenomenon may have evolved in a variety of ways, but it is rarely, if ever, the result of sexual selection acting upon the female sex. The most common selective pressures favoring large size in female mammals are probably those associated with the fact that a big mother is often a better mother and those resulting from more intense competition among females for some resource than among males. It appears that, in general, more than one such pressure must affect the females of a species, and that their combined effects must not be countered. by even stronger selective pressures favoring large size in males, before the result is that of larger size in the female sex. Sexual selection may often be operating upon the male sex in mammals even when it is the smaller. Present knowledge about the species of mammals in which females are larger than mules is quite rudimentary. Much more information is needed before we will be able to speak of the selective pressures accounting for the phenomenon with any reasonable degree of certainty. Perhafls the most fruitful approach would be a series of field studies of groups of related species in which females are larger in some species and males are larger in others. -
Spotted Hyena • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Crocuta Crocuta
Spotted Hyena • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Crocuta crocuta through human understanding Classification What groups does this organism belong to based on characteristics shared with other organisms? Class: Mammalia (all mammals) Order: Carnivora (all carnivores) Family: Hyaenidae (hyenas and aardwolf ) Genus: Crocuta Species: crocuta Where in the Distribution world does this species live? Spotted hyenas range widely throughout Africa south of the Sahara up to 13,500 ft. (4,100 m). Populations are concentrated in eastern and southern Africa, primarily in protected areas. Habitat What kinds of areas does this species live in? This species is found in a wide variety of habitats: savanna, open woodland, dense dry woodland, montane and semi-desert. Not found in extreme desert conditions, the highest mountain altitudes or tropical rainforests. Physical Description How would this animal’s body shape and size be described? • Although hyenas bear some physical resemblance to wild dogs, but they are not canids. They are a separate family and more closely related to mongooses and meerkats. • Spotted hyenas are the the largest of four hyena species (spotted, brown, aardwolf, and striped hyenas). Weight ranges from 75 to 190 lbs. (34-86 kg). Height at shoulders is 2.5 to 3 ft. (76-91 cm), body length ranges from 4 to 5 ft. (122-152 cm) and bushy tails are 10 to 14 in. (25-36 cm) long. Female hyenas are a bit larger than the males. • Coat is short and coarse, ranging in color from sandy/yellow to grey/brown with black or dark brown spots. • Front legs are longer than hind legs giving their back a sloping appearance. -
Far Traveler: a Teacher's Companion to Red Wolf Recovery
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Far Traveler A Teacher’s Companion to Red Wolf Recovery Elise McCauley Hammond A long time ago, the howl became a word, a name. Wa'ya to the Cherokee, to whom the mountains also listened in the old time. Son of the wind; companion to Kana'ti; father of Ani'-Wa'ya, the Wolf people, principal clan. Familiar spirit to hunters. Perfect walker. Far traveler. Revenge taker and altruist. Unseen shape between the trees. Shy shadow from the long past. Christopher Camuto Another Country: Journeying Toward the Cherokee Mountains Table of Contents Part One Acknowledgements..................................................................................................... 1 A Letter to Teachers and Students ......................................................................... 2 What is a Red Wolf? ................................................................................................... 3 Where Have all the Red Wolves Gone? ................................................................... 4 The Red Wolf's Future: A Cautious Optimism ....................................................... 5 Why Should Red Wolves be Protected? .................................................................. 5 Red Wolves Need Your Help ..................................................................................... 6 As a Matter of Fact..................................................................................................... 7 Some Basics of Wolf Biology ................................................................................... -
Texas Wildlife Identification Guide
TEXAS WILDLIFE IDENTIFICATION GUIDE A guide to game animals, game birds, furbearers and other wildlife of Texas. INTRODUCTION Texas game animals, game birds, furbearers and other wildlife are important for many reasons. They provide countless hours of viewing and recreational opportunities. They benefit the Texas economy through hunting and “nature tourism” such as birdwatching. Commercial businesses that provide birdseed, dry corn and native landscaping may be devoted solely to attracting many of the animals found in this book. Local hunting and trapping economies, guiding operations and hunting leases have prospered because of the abun- dance of these animals in Texas. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department benefits because of hunting license sales, but it uses these funds to research, manage and protect all wildlife populations – not just game animals. Game animals provide humans with cultural, social, aesthetic and spiritual pleasures found in wildlife art, taxidermy and historical artifacts. Conservation organiza- tions dedicated to individual species such as quail, turkey and deer, have funded thousands of wildlife projects throughout North America, demonstrating the mystique game animals have on people. Animals referenced in this pocket guide exist because their habitat exists in Texas. Habitat is food, cover, water and space, all suitably arranged. They are part of a vast food chain or web that includes thousands more species of wildlife such as the insects, non-game animals, fish and i rare/endangered species. Active management of wild landscapes is the primary means to continue having abundant populations of wildlife in Texas. Preservation of rare and endangered habitat is one way of saving some species of wildlife such as the migratory whooping crane that makes Texas its home in the winter. -
Illinois Mammals What Are Mammals?
State of Illinois Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor Illinois Department of Natural Resources Illinois Mammals What are mammals? There are many types of animals in Illinois. Find the Mammals. Insects, spiders, fishes, frogs and birds are Five of the animals shown below are just some of the animals you can find in our mammals. Circle the five mammals. state. Mammals are animals, too. How can you tell if an animal is a mammal? ª A mammal has four limbs (arms/legs). ª It has hair or fur. ª It is warm-blooded (its body temperature is kept at the same level regardless of the outside temperature). ª Most mammals have young born after developing inside the mother's body in a special organ called a uterus. A few mammal species lay eggs, but these mammals do not live in Illinois. ª After birth, the young are fed with milk produced in the female’s mammary glands. ª A mammal has a large and complex brain. Using this Activity Book: For the Educator When using this activity book, students will become familiar with the traits and appearance of 16 mammal species that live in our state. The information and activities can help you meet the following Illinois Learning Standards: 6.B.1; 6.B.2; 6.C.1; 6.C.2; 10.A.1a; 10.A.1b; 10.A.2a; 10.A.2b; 12.B.2a; 12.B.2b; 12.B.3b. You will find that the Biodiversity of Illinois series of CD-ROMs from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) supplements this booklet by providing sounds, photographs and other information about the species. -
American Hog-Nosed Skunk (Conepatus Leuconotus): a Technical Conservation Assessment
American Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus leuconotus): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project December 21, 2006 Carron A. Meaney, Ph.D.1, Anne K. Ruggles2, and Gary P. Beauvais, Ph.D.3 1Denver Museum of Nature and Science, and Meaney & Company, 777 Juniper Avenue, Boulder, CO 80304 2Bear Canyon Consulting, LLC, 850 37th Street, Boulder, CO 80303 3Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, P.O. Box 3381, Laramie, WY 82071 Peer Review Administered by Society for Conservation Biology Meaney, C.A., A.K. Ruggles, and G.P. Beauvais. (2006, December 21). American Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus leuconotus): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/americanhognosedskunk.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Rebekah Smith for running the distribution model, and Jerry Dragoo and an anonymous reviewer for the application of their knowledge and excellent input to the review of the draft of this assessment. Gary Patton tirelessly provided an extensive master edit. We are thankful to Jim Stuart, Bob Dowler, Michael Tewes, Jerry Dragoo, Trent Verquer, Bob Davies, John Young, Mary Lloyd, Ed Gorman, and others for their input. AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHIES Carron Meaney received a M.S. degree and a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Colorado in 1983. She is a Curator Adjoint at the University of Colorado Museum and a Research Associate at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, where she served as Curator of Mammalogy for 10 years. -
Mammals of New York State Poster (PDF)
BOBCAT WOODCHUCK Found in much of New York State, the bob- A farm field and roadside resident, the woodchuck cat is similar in appearance to a very large is a very large, squat squirrel. Adults grow to be house cat, except with a short "bobbed" tail. about 2 feet long and 10-12 pounds in weight. They It has a black spotted tail with a white tip, feed on farm crops, grasses, herbs and garden pro- and short ear tassels. Adult males average 28 pounds, and duce. They prefer to hibernate for the winter in a burrow grow up to 22 inches tall at the shoulder. Bobcats prefer located inside a forest edge. forests, wooded swamps and rocky outcrops. They eat a variety of animals from mice to deer, blue jays to wild turkeys. BEAVER The official New York State mammal, the beaver BLACK BEAR is our largest rodent— adults averaging 3-3½ Black bears occur in mature forests feet long and 30-50 pounds. Beavers build mud scattered across most of New York and stick dams and lodges on waters across the State. Adults average 2½-3 feet tall at state. They eat soft, aquatic vegetation and the twigs the shoulder and weigh 200 pounds; and bark of trees, especially poplar. When disturbed, they will slap some reach more than 600 pounds. their broad, flat tail on the water’s surface. Feed on fruits, seeds, nuts, berries, grasses and animal materials, FISHER insects, fish, meat, and honey. The fisher is a large weasel that grows to be Spends winter in a den. -
Kansas Mammals Second Edition ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
A POCKET GUIDE TO COMMON Kansas Mammals Second Edition ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Text by George Potts and Bob Gress Photos by Bob Gress Funded by Westar Energy Green Team, Glenn Springs Holdings Inc., Occidental Chemical Corporation, and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center Table of Contents • Acknowledgements • 2 • Introduction • 3 • Species Accounts Opossums ■ Virginia Opossum • 4 Shrews and Moles ■ Least Shrew • 6 ■ Eastern Mole • 6 Bats ■ Eastern Red Bat • 8 ■ Big Brown Bat • 8 Armadillos Pronghorn ■ Nine-banded Armadillo • 10 Cover Photo: Hares and Rabbits American Badger ■ Eastern Cottontail • 12 ■ Black-tailed Jackrabbit • 14 Rodents ■ Eastern Chipmunk • 16 ■ Woodchuck • 16 ■ Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel • 18 ■ Black-tailed Prairie Dog • 20 ■ Eastern Gray Squirrel • 22 ■ Eastern Fox Squirrel • 22 ■ Southern Flying Squirrel • 24 ■ Plains Pocket Gopher • 24 ■ Hispid Pocket Mouse • 26 Northern Raccoon ■ Ord’s Kangaroo Rat • 26 ■ American Beaver • 28 ■ Western Harvest Mouse • 30 ■ Deer Mouse • 30 ■ Northern Grasshopper Mouse • 32 ■ Hispid Cotton Rat • 32 ■ Eastern Woodrat • 34 ■ Prairie Vole • 34 ■ Common Muskrat • 36 ■ North American Porcupine • 38 Carnivores ■ Coyote • 40 ■ Swift Fox • 42 ■ Red Fox • 44 ■ Raccoon • 46 ■ American Mink • 48 ■ American Badger • 50 ■ Striped Skunk • 52 ■ Bobcat • 54 Deer and Relatives Red Fox ■ Wapiti • 56 ■ Mule Deer • 58 ■ White-tailed Deer • 60 ■ Pronghorn • 62 ■ American Bison • 64 Mammal Tracks • 66 Pocket Guides • 68 1 Acknowledgements We thank Marc Murrell and Lorrie Beck for editing this text. We thank Dr. Elmer Finck for reviewing the text and sorting out the recent changes in mammal nomenclature and taxonomy. We thank Dr. David Van Tassel for the illustrations of mammal tracks. -
Check List 17 (2): 669–681
17 2 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 17 (2): 669–681 https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.669 Medium-sized and large mammals of the pine-oak forests and grasslands of the Rancho Experimental Teseachi in Chihuahua, Mexico Fernando Álvarez-Córdova1, Jesús A. Fernández1, 2* 1 Maestría en Producción Animal y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México • FAC: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-4317 • JAF: afernandezf@ uach.mx https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-5234 2 Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México * Corresponding author Abstract We document the taxonomic diversity of medium-sized and large mammals present in Rancho Experimental Tes- eachi, a teaching and research facility of the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua located in the northwestern part of Chihuahua, Mexico. Monthly samplings were made with lineal transects of 5 km in two habitats, open grassland and pine-oak forest, where camera-traps and scent-stations were placed, and tracks were searched. Sixteen species of medium-sized and large mammals were recorded in the area, representing 12.03% of the state’s diversity. The greatest diversity was found in the pine-oak forest. Implementing three different sampling techniques at the same time allows the documentation of mammal diversity more efficiently than using only one or two sampling techniques. Keywords Biological inventory, Carnivora, diversity, ecosystems, Lagomorpha, Rodentia Academic editor: Guilherme Garbino | Received 5 December 2020 | Accepted 25 March 2021 | Published 20 April 2021 Citation: Álvarez-Córdova F, Fernández JA (2021) Medium-sized and large mammals of the pine-oak forests and grasslands of the Rancho Experimental Teseachi in Chihuahua, Mexico.