Index of Names

Home , Coma Star Cluster, GD 165, HD 122563, HR 178, Ross 640, SN 1895B

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03174-6 - The Analysis of Starlight: Two Centuries of Astronomical Spectroscopy: Second Edition John B. Hearnshaw Index More information

Index of names

Note: Dates are given on pages with numbers in italics.

Abbot, C.G., 134, 257, 260, 262 Avrett, E.H., 265, 266 Beers, T.C., 226, 293, 294 Abbott, D.C., 196 Beileke, F.,255 Abell, G.O., 311 Baade, W., 8, 106, 157, 172, 239, 284, Belczynski,´ K., 237 Abia, C., 178 286 Bell, K.R., 204, 230 Abney, W. de W., 69, 116–118 Babaev, M.B., 198 Bell, R.A., 295 Abt, H.A., 110, 116, 119, 213, 216, 217 Babcock, H.D., 8, 269, 288 Belopolsky, A.A., 4, 44, 91, 92, 104, Acker, A., 312 Babcock, H.W., 114, 157, 207, 208, 216 174, 205, 206, 305 Adams, F.C., 230 Backhouse, T.W., 238 Benetti, S., 313 Adams,W.S.,4,8,81,100, 101–105, Baker, J., 149 Berger, J., 167, 210 118, 132, 133, 137, 138, 140, 141, Balachandran, S., 290 Berman, L., 146, 225, 226, 235, 268, 146, 152–154, 158, 160–162, 164, Baldwin, R.B., 198 275, 284 165, 170, 197, 198, 201, 219, 220, Balmer, J.J., 70, 133 Bernacca, P.L., 210 225, 228, 268, 274, 284, 288, 305, Balona, L.A., 204 Bernard, F., 2 314, 318 Baly, E.C.C., 178 Bertaud, C., 209 Adelman, S.J., 213 Bappu, M.K.V., 314 Bessel, F.W., 218 Agassiz, G.R., 79 Baracchi, P., 57 Bessell, M.S., 294 Aikman, G.C.L., 213 Baranne, A., 115 Bethe, H., 220, 259 Airy, G.B., 26, 34, 35, 44, 47, 88 Barber, D.R., 112 Bidelman, W.P., 171, 207, 210, 215, Ake, T.B., 182 Barbier, D., 166, 167, 217, 255, 256, 262 216, 225, 226, 231, 233, 237, 309, Albitzky, V.A., 108 Barbier-Brossat, M., 116 314, 325 Albrecht, S., 6, 104, 271 Barbon, R., 241 Biermann, L., 257, 257, 258 Alksinis, A., 179 Bard, A., 273 Biggs, E.S., 110, 116 Allen, C.W., 148, 149, 271, 276, 280 Barger, A.J., 198 Biot, J.-B., 16,25 Allen, D.A., 237 Barlow, M.J., 195 Birge, R.T., 178 Aller, L.H., 158, 210, 226, 236, 262, Barnbaum, C., 179 Blackwell, D.E., 213, 273, 274 264, 272, 276–279, 281–285, 308 Barrett, S.B., 104 Blaeu, W.J., 304 Alschuler, W.R., 155 Baschek, B., 212, 275, 285 Blanchet, G.H., 317 Ambartsumian, V., 228 Bashkin, S., 273 Blanco, V.M., 179, 242 Andersen, J., 115 Basri, G., 185, 186, 187, 230 Bloch, M., 235 Anderson, J.A., 6 Bastian, U., 204, 230 Blöcker, T., 312 Anderson, K.S., 312 Bates, B., 12 Bobrovnikoff, N.T., 79, 180, 182 Andrillat, Y., 166, 198 Bates, D.R., 272 Boesgaard, A.M., 182, 289, 290 Ångström, A.J., 2, 28, 31 Bates, E.R., 259, 260, 262 Boeshaar, P.C., 182, 242 Ann, H.B., 295 Batten, A.H., 116 Bofﬁn, H.M.J., 233 Anupama, G.C., 198, 242 Baum, W.A., 157 Boggess, A., 320 Appenzeller, I., 230 Baxandall, F.E., 70, 82, 174, 179, 205, Bohlender, D.A., 213 Asaad, A.S., 271 209, 233, 306 Böhm, K.-H., 264 Ashoka, B.N., 242 Beals, C.S., 193, 194–196, 229, 305, 317 Böhm, T., 204 Asplund, M., 274, 313 Becker, F., 132, 164 Böhm-Vitense, E., 216, 233, 262–264 Atkinson, R. d’E., 160, 221 Becker, W., 135 Bohr, N., 60, 70, 133, 135 Audouze, J., 295 Becklin, E.E., 185 Bok, B.J., 112, 113, 306 Auer, L.H., 267 Becquerel, E., 23,24 Boltzmann, L., 137, 149, 253 Augusto, A., 198 Bedogni, R., 311 Bond, H.E., 234, 293, 294

341

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03174-6 - The Analysis of Starlight: Two Centuries of Astronomical Spectroscopy: Second Edition John B. Hearnshaw Index More information

342 Index of names

Bonsack, W.K., 229, 288, 289 Cannon, R.D., 242 Crew, H., 89 Bord, D.J., 214 Cardelli, J.A., 324 Crookes, W., 25 Borra, E.F., 213 Carlberg, R.G., 295 Curtis, H.D., 83, 97, 120 Boss, B., 100 Carney, B.W., 294 Curtiss, R.H., 70, 72, 79, 81, 153, 168, Bottlinger, K.F., 169 Carpenter, 35, 44 199, 202, 203 Botto, P., 155 Carpenter, K., 324 Bouigue, R., 178 Carrier, F., 213 Dachs, J., 204, 242 Bowen,I.S.,8,9,43,156, 157, 158, 307 Carroll, J.A., 118 Daguerre, L., 22,23 Boyarchuk, A.A., 119, 236, 237, 312 Carruthers, G.R., 319 Damgaard, A., 272 Boyden, U.A., 66 Castelli, F., 267 Danziger, I.J., 242, 285 Boyle, W.S., 11 Catchpole, R.M., 242 d’Arrest, H.L., 47, 56, 57 Bozman, W.R., 272 Cayrel (de Strobel), G., 217, 232, 283, Davidson, C., 255 Branch, D., 240, 241 284, 292 Davis, D.N., 180, 181, 271 Brandt, J.C., 323 Cayrel, R., 217, 218, 265, 266, 281, 283, de Groot, M., 306 Brashear, J., 89, 94 284, 290, 292, 293 de Jager, C., 263, 281, 282, 283, 322 Breen, F.H., 259, 262 Chaffee, F.H., 217 de Marco, O., 313 Breger, M., 217 Chalonge, D., 166, 167, 168, 217, 255, DeCampli, W.M., 231 Brewer, L., 177 256, 260, 262, 269 Della Valle, M., 198 Brewster, D., 3, 21, 22, 26, 27, 31, 43, 55 Chamberlain, J., 284 Descartes, R., 15 Brill, A., 135, 254 Chandrasekhar, S., 220, 259, 260, Deslandres, H.A., 5, 92, 104, 112, 113, Browning, J.A., 3, 4 262–264, 278 168, 313, 314 Bruce, C.W., 63, 75, 93, 103 Charland, Y., 212 Deutsch, A.J., 157, 208, 209, 216 Brück, H.A., 164, 270 Chen, Y.Q., 293, 295 DeVorkin, D.H., 74, 140 Brunt, D., 104 Cherry, B., 112 Dewar, J., 44 Bülow, F.von, 47 Chevalier, R., 242 Diaz, M.P., 198 Bunsen, R., 3, 21, 27, 28, 29, 31 Chochol, D., 198 Ditscheiner, L., 2 Burbidge, E.M., 209, 212, 232, 282, Christie, W.H.M., 88, 221 Divan, L., 167, 217 284–286, 288 Christlieb, N., 294 Dollond, J., 15 Burbidge, G.R., 209, 212, 232, 282, Clark, A.G., 41, 218, 219 Dominy, J.F., 178, 182 284–286, 288 Clark, D.H., 310 Donati, G.B., 3, 33–35, 44, 47 Burgasser, A.J., 187 Clayton, G.C., 313 Dopita, M.A., 242 Burkhart, C., 218 Clegg, R.E.S., 295 Doppler, C., 86, 87, 89 Burson, V., 314 Clerke, A., 104 Doroschenko, W.T., 198 Burwell, C., 202, 203, 231, 317 Clève, P.T., 51 Douglas, A.E., 174 Buscombe, W., 110 Climenhaga, J.L., 233 Draper, A.P., 63, 64, 66 Butcher, H.R., 293 Clusius, K., 174 Draper, H., 2, 4, 5, 24, 45, 47, 63, 66, Butler, C.P., 174, 233 Cochran, W.D., 122 67, 83, 168 Butler, R.P., 121, 122 Code, A.D., 172, 321 Draper, J.W., 23, 24, 26, 27, 67 Buys-Ballot, C.H., 86 Cohen, J.G., 312 Drilling, J.S., 226, 227 Cohen, M., 230 Duerbeck, H.W., 313 Cambresier, Y., 165, 178 Colacevich, A., 176 Duﬂot, M., 113, 114, 116 Cameron, A.G.W., 179, 295 Comstock, G.C., 112 Dugan, R.S., 258 Cameron, D.M., 183 Comte, A., 1 Dumont, S., 267 Campbell, B., 121 Conti, P.S., 155, 196, 216, 217, 284, 289 Duncan, D.K., 290 Campbell, W.W., 4–6, 44, 76, 93, 94, Cooke, T., 93 Duncan, J.C., 104, 238 95–100, 102–104, 106, 107, 111, Copeland, R., 56, 57, 238 Dunér, N.C., 56, 57, 58, 69, 74, 76, 89 120, 155, 168, 173, 193, 194, 197, Corbally, C.J., 184 Dunham, T., 8, 9, 198, 226, 271, 305, 198, 201, 224, 238 Corliss, C.H., 272 308, 318 Canavaggia, R., 167 Cornu, M.A., 2, 89, 196, 198 Dworetsky, M.M., 218 Cannon, A.J., 70, 71, 72–76, 78, 79, Corral, L.J., 184 81–83, 127, 128, 152, 153, 156, Coupry, M.F., 218 Eberhard, G., 313, 314 162, 169, 170, 184, 193, 197, 205, Cowley, A.P., 226 Eddington, A.S., 105, 106, 128, 135, 215, 224, 228, 234, 284, 306–308 Cowley, C.R., 214 139, 219, 220, 222, 253, 260, 316, Cannon, C.J., 267 Crampton, D., 311 317

Index of names 343

Edlén, B., 194 Fukuda, I., 120 Hatzes, A., 122 Edvardsson, B., 292, 295 Furenlid, I., 12 Hazlehurst, J., 288 Edwards, D.L., 112, 161 Heap, S.R., 323 Eggen, O.J., 179, 215, 216, 223, 286, Gamow, G., 195 Heard, J.F., 110 295 Gaposchkin, S., 195 Hearnshaw, J.B., 3, 242, 243, 295, Eggert, J., 136 Garrison, R.F., 210 296 Einstein, A., 60, 111, 133 Garstang, R.H., 231 Heger, M.L., 315 Elias, J.H., 240 Gautier, P., 7 Heiser, A.M., 285 Ellerman, F., 173–175 Gautschy, A., 312 Helfer, H.L., 286 Ellery, R.L.J., 56 Gauzit, J., 236 Henize, K.G., 179, 203, 312 Elste, G., 281 Gaviola, R.E., 306, 308 Henroteau, F.C.P., 107 Elvey, C.T., 69, 118, 144, 147, 148, 160, Gerasimovic, B.P., 305, 316 Henyey, L.G., 229 226, 234, 268, 305, 316 Gerbaldi, M., 213 Herbig, G.H., 119, 204, 228–230, 289, Elvius, T., 165 Gill, D., 60, 99, 104, 307, 308 312, 318 Englefield, H., 23 Gilmore, A.C., 242 Herschel, J., 21, 22, 23, 26 Esenoglu, H.H., 198 Gladstone, J.H., 27 Herschel, Lt J., 50,56 Espin, T.E., 56, 58, 76–78, 82 Goldberg, L., 146, 148, 149, 159, 268, Herschel, W., 16,22 Esselbach, E., 25 272, 275, 277, 279 Hertzsprung, E., 69, 73, 75, 127–132, Evans, D.S., 110, 116 Gollnow, H., 110, 208 138, 152, 158, 219, 221 Evershed, J., 105 Gonzalez, G., 312 Hetherington, N.S., 220 Goodricke, J., 53 Hilger, A., 3, 4 Fabian, A.C., 311 Gordon, C.P., 178 Hill, P.W., 226, 227 Faraggiana, R., 214 Goriely, S., 293 Hiltner, W.A., 9, 195, 210, 268, Feast, M.W., 289, 291 Gothard, E. von, 59, 238 269 Fehrenbach, C., 112–114, 116, 164, Graham, T.S.H., 112 Hirata, R., 204 171, 198 Gray, D.F., 120, 121, 184 Hjerting, F., 261 Fellgett, P.B., 114 Gray, R.O., 184, 212 Hnatek, A., 134 Field, G.B., 324 Greaves, W.M.H., 254, 255 Hobbs, L.M., 290, 318 Fiévez, C., 207 Greenstein, J.L., 157, 215, 216, 220, Hoffleit, D., 308 Finkenzeller, U., 230 221, 223–226, 228, 229, 233, 271, Hoffmann, A., 4, 34–36 Fizeau, A.H., 23, 86, 89 275–277, 280, 285–289, 309, 318 Hogg, F.S., 234, 235 Fleming, W.P., 65, 66, 67, 71, 74–79, Griffin, R.F., 114, 115, 269 Holtsmark, J., 160 156, 176, 179, 197, 201, 219, 224, Grimaldi, F.M., 15 Holweger, H., 273 238, 304 Grotrian, W., 144 Homann, H., 99 Forbes, J.D., 27, 28, 29 Grubb, H., 4 Hooke, R., 15 Foucault, L., 23, 27 Guinand, P., 18 Hough, S.S., 99 Fowler, A., 70, 76, 135 Guthnick, P., 205, 206 Houk, N., 185 Fowler, R.H., 137, 138, 139, 141, 153, Houtgast, J., 149, 269, 270 154, 220, 255 Hack, M., 155, 283 Houziaux, L., 198 Fowler, W.A., 241, 286, 288 Hacker, S.G., 271 Hoyle, F., 241, 286, 288 Fox Talbot, W.H., 22, 23, 26, 31 Hagen, J.G., 105 Huang, S.-S., 119 François, P., 293 Hale, G.E., 6, 8, 103, 112–114, 127, Hubble, E., 43, 83, 228 Frankland, E., 50 132, 156, 173–175, 207, 288 Huber, M.C.E., 274 Franklin, F.A., 216 Hall, C.M., 15 Huggins, Lady M., 45, 46, 47 Fransson, C., 242 Halm, J.K.E., 193 Huggins, W., 1–5, 33, 34, 35, 37, 41–47, Fraunhofer, J., 1–5, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, Hamy, M.T.A., 7, 92, 112, 168 56, 87–90, 99, 155, 165, 168, 26–28, 33, 64, 87, 114, 140, 152 Han, Z., 234 196–198, 201, 238, 280 Freitas Pecheco, J.A.D., 198 Hanuschik, R.W., 204, 242 Humason, M.L., 157, 164, 183, 202, Frerichs, R., 271 Harding, G.A., 233 223, 239, 240 Friedjung, M., 198 Harkness, R.P., 240–243 Hummer, D.G., 195, 267 Frost, E.B., 4, 71, 76, 102, 103, 104, Harper, W.E., 102, 198 Hunger, K., 229, 275, 288 106, 107, 111–113, 159, 174, Harrison, G.R., 9, 271 Hunter, J., 119 305 Hartmann, J., 5, 92, 97, 315 Hutchings, J.B., 198 Fujita, Y., 178, 179, 284 Hartmann, L.W., 230 Hutchins, C., 46

344 Index of names

Hylleraas, E.A., 259 King, A.S., 148, 149, 178, 271, 288 Lee, O.J., 316 Hynek, J.A., 147 King, H.C., 3 Lesh, J.R., 204 King, R.B., 148, 149, 271, 272 Lester, J.B., 218 Iben, I., 227 Kipper, M., 312 Lettsom, W.G., 34,56 Iijima, T., 198 Kipper, T., 312 Levato, O.H., 116 Imhoff, C.L., 230 Kirchhoff, G., 3, 21, 27, 28–31, 41, 42, Liller, M.H., 306 Inglis, D.R., 162 48, 288 Lilley, A.E., 111 Isern, J., 178 Kirkpatrick, J.D., 185, 186, 187 Lindblad, B., 83, 101, 161, 164, Iwanowska, W., 284 Kiss, L.L., 198 165, 169, 170, 174, 219, 256, 263, Kleman, B., 174 285 Jacomini, C., 6 Klochkova, V.G., 312 Lindemann, F.A., 105 Janesick, J.R., 12 Knapp, G.R., 179 Linsky, J.L., 324 Janssen, J., 4, 34, 36, 50, 53, 168 Kock, A., 273 Liveing, G.D., 44 Jaschek, C., 173, 209, 214, 216 Kock, M., 273 Livingston, W.C., 318 Jaschek, M., 204, 209, 214, 216 Kogure, T., 204 Lloyd Evans, T., 178 Jeans, J.H., 105, 203 Kohlschütter, A., 100, 132, 133, 137, Lochte-Holgreven, W., 272 Jefferies, J.T., 267 138, 141, 162, 314 Lockyer, J.N., 5, 24, 25, 40, 46, 50–52, Jeffery, C.S., 226, 227, 312 Kondo, Y., 320 53, 54–56, 60, 69, 70, 72, 74, 79, Jen, C.-K., 259 Konkoly, N. von, 56, 58, 59, 76, 238 89, 90, 93, 127, 130, 136, 137, 147, Jenkins, E.B., 322 Kopfermann, H., 272 153, 155, 159, 170, 174, 197, 198, Johnson, H.L., 171, 173 Kopylov, I.M., 119 201, 202, 205, 209 Johnson, H.R., 178, 182 Kosirev, N.A., 193 Lockyer, W.J.S., 56, 161, 203 Johnson, W.A., 238 Kourganoff, V., 203, 260, 262 Lodén, L.O., 214 Jorissen, A., 182 Kövesligethy, R., 99 Loewy, M., 6 Joy, A.H., 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 118, Kraft, R.P., 236, 312 Lohse, W.O., 47, 48, 49, 89 160–162, 171, 180, 184, 198, 219, Kramers, H.A., 257 Lord, H.C., 94, 104 221, 227, 228, 284, 314 Krook, M., 265 Luck, R.E., 234 Joyner, M.C., 164 Krüger, F.J.C., 58 Ludendorff, F.W.H., 205, 226 Jugaku, J., 265, 281, 309 Kuhi, L.V., 229, 230 Lundblad, R., 260 Jurcsik, J., 312 Kuhn, W., 271 Lundmark, K.E., 239 Kuiper, G.P., 220, 221, 222–224, 284 Lunt, J., 100, 205, 307, 308 Kalkofen, W., 267 Kumar, S.S., 185 Luyten, W.J., 219, 222, 223, 224 Kalus, G., 325 Kurtz, D.W., 214 Lynden-Bell, D., 286, 295 Kandel, R., 266 Kurucz, R.L., 218, 267, 268 Lynds, B.T., 223 Kang, Y.H., 295 Küstner, F., 4, 99 Lynds, C.R., 318 Kapteyn, J.C., 103, 108, 162, 219 Karpowicz, M., 237 Labs, D., 264 MacConnell, D.J., 232 Katz, J.I., 311 Lallement, R., 318 Mach, E., 87 Kayser, H.G.V., 21, 70, 174 Lambert, D.L., 178, 182, 212–214, 290, Maecker, H., 272 Keeler, J.E., 6, 47, 52, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 291 Mahler, J., 20 98, 103, 112, 113, 193, 305 Lamont, J. von, 33 Maitzen, H.M., 210, 214 Keenan, P.C., 154, 169, 170–173, 176, Landstreet, J.D., 213 Malaroda, S.M., 116 178, 179, 181–184, 212, 215, 231, Lane, H., 127 Malmquist, G., 165 233, 234, 285, 286, 288 Lane, M.C., 218 Mammano, A., 310 Keller, G., 233, 285 Langer, G.E., 312 Manning, W.H., 197, 198 Kellman, E., 154, 170, 171, 184, 212, Langley, S.P., 23 Maran, S., 324 215 Laplace, P.-S., 203 Marcy, G.W., 121, 122 Kelvin, Lord, 29, 31 Laporte, O., 272 Margon, B.H., 310, 311 Kempf, P., 49,99 Larson, R.B., 294 Marshak, R.E., 220 Kenyon, S.J., 236, 237 Larsson-Leander, G., 198 Martín, E.L., 186 Kepler, J., 237 Latham, D.W., 121 Martin, E.G., 255 Kerber, F., 313 le Sueur, A., 56, 306 Mascart, E., 2,24 Kienle, H., 255, 256 Lecar, M., 266 Massey, S.W., 259, 260, 262 Kiess, C.C., 206 Leckrone, D.S., 324 Masson, A., 28

Index of names 345

Maunder, E.W., 47, 57, 88, 112–114, Minnaert, M., 142, 143–149, 207, 226, Oort, J.H., 101, 111, 172, 238, 304 260, 268–270, 275, 281, 284, 316 286 Maury, A.C., 53, 56, 67, 68–75, 79, 127, Mitchell, A.C.G., 271 Oosterhoff, P.T., 221 128, 132, 138, 139, 141, 152, 158, Mohler, F., 162 Orbinsky, A., 112, 113 169, 170, 174, 201, 205, 215, 305 Moll, W.J.H., 145, 146, 158, 268 Osawa, K., 209 Maxwell, J.C., 88 Monck, W.H.S., 129, 132 Osterbrock, D.E., 157, 171, Mayall, M.W., 83 Montesinos, B., 312 172 Mayor, M., 115, 121, 295 Moon, T.T., 218 McClain, E.F., 111 Moore, C.E., 140, 146, 269–271, 288 Page, T., 158 McClean,F.,5,56,59, 60, 79 Moore, J.H., 97, 98, 106–110, 220, 307, Pagel, B.E.J., 285, 286, 288, 294, 295, McClure, R.D., 179, 182, 232–234 308 309 McCrea, W.H., 253, 254, 257, 259, 268 Morel, M., 292 Panaitov, L.A., 113 McCuskey, S.W., 112, 113 Morgan, G.C., 21 Pannekoek, A., 138, 139, 144–146, 160, McIntyre, V.J., 242, 243 Morgan, W.W., 154, 168–173, 176, 178, 162, 257–259, 268, 271, 277 McKeith, C.D., 12 179, 184, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209, Parenago, P.P., 212 McKellar, A., 174, 178, 233, 288, 318 212, 215, 216, 223, 231, 233, 271 Parkhurst, J.A., 173, 174, 175 McLaughlin, D.B., 117, 197–200, 203, Morguleff, N., 166 Pasachoff, J.M., 24 204 Morton, D.C., 155, 319 Paschen, L.C.H.F., 51,70 McMillan, E., 94 Mulders, G.F.W., 143, 144, 146, 149, McWilliam, A., 294 260, 263 Pasquini, L., 290 Mégessier, C., 218 Müller, E., 272 Patchett, B.E., 294, 295 Meggers, W.F.G., 272 Müller, G., 49,58 Paunzen, E., 212 Meinel, A.B., 198, 273 Muller, C.A., 111, 172 Payne(-Gaposchkin), C.H., 83, 138, Melbourne, W.G., 285 Münch, G., 157, 262, 263, 317, 139–142, 154, 157, 164, 169, 171, Melloni, M., 23,26 318 193–195, 197, 198, 206, 235, 237, Melnick, J., 324 Münch, W.H.J., 135, 136 238, 240, 255, 268, 274 Meltzer, A., 286 Mundt, R., 230 Pearce, J.A., 103, 104, 106, 109, 113, Melvill, T., 3, 21 Murdin, P., 310, 311 154, 316 Menzel, D.H., 83, 138, 147–150, 169, Murdoch, K.A., 121 Pease, F.G., 228, 238 198, 235, 275, 277, 280 Mustel, E.R., 282 Pechüle, C.F., 56, 57,58 Menzies, J.W., 242 Pecker, J.-C., 168, 264, 266, 267, 283 Merrill, P.W., 6, 7, 79, 82, 99, 154, 174, Nakajima, T., 185, 187 Perrin, M.-N., 295 177, 179–183, 193, 202, 203, 207, Nakano, S., 312 Perrine, C.D., 105, 195 225, 228, 231, 234, 235, 270, 305, Nassau, J.J., 172, 176, 177, 179, 183 Petford, A.D., 273, 310 307, 308, 317 Nelson, L.A., 186 Petit, M., 198 Merz, G., 20,36 Nernst, W.H., 135, 136 Petrie, R.M., 103, 104, 106, 107, Metcalf, J.H., 79 Neugebauer, G., 309 109–111, 154 Meusinger, H., 295 Neven, L., 282, 283 Pettit, E., 157 Michard, R., 263 Newall, H.F., 4, 5, 79, 92, 93, 104, 174, Peyturaux, R., 260 Michaud, G., 212, 217 197, 233 Phillips, A.C., 312 Miczaika, G.R., 162, 173, 216, 278, 284, Newall, R.S., 92,93 Phillips, J.G., 177 285 Newcomb, S., 98 Phillips, M.M., 242 Mihalas, D., 266, 267 Newton, I., 1, 2, 15, 16, 22 Piazzi Smyth, C., 27 Milgrom, M., 311 Nicholson, S.B., 157, 238 Pickering, E.C., 5, 52, 53, 57, 59, 63, 64, Miller, W.A., 4, 29, 35, 42–45, 88, 198 Nielsen, A., 131 66, 67, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76–79, Milligan, J.E., 319 Nomoto, K., 241 81–83, 96, 111–114, 127, 131, 133, Millikan, R., 156 Nordmann, C., 133, 134 139, 153, 156, 168, 169, 174, 176, Millman, P.M., 112, 114 Norris, J.E., 294 197, 201, 219, 238 Mills, D.O., 94, 95–97 Northcott, R.J., 233 Pickering, W.H., 63 Mills, O., 96 Pierce, A.K., 10 Milne, E.A., 93, 136, 137–139, 141, O’Connell, D.J.K., 286 Pius IX, Pope, 36 153, 154, 159, 253, 255, 256, 260, Öhman, Y., 161, 165, 183, 184, 221–223 Planck, M., 133, 134 263, 266 Oke, J.B., 12, 212, 220, 237, 240 Plaskett, H.H., 137, 150, 153, 154, 170, Minkowski, R., 157, 223, 239, 240, 243 Ondra, L., 131 194, 195, 234

346 Index of names

Plaskett,J.S.,4,6,101, 102, 103, 112, Rufus, W.C., 77, 174–176 Schwarzschild, M., 284, 286 113, 137, 145, 153, 154, 224, 316 Runge, C.D.T., 51, 174 Schwassmann, A., 163, 164 Plücker, J., 28 Russell, H.N., 56, 74, 83, 129, 130–132, Seabroke, G.M., 88,99 Plummer, H.C., 105 136, 139–144, 146, 156, 160, 169, Seaquist, E.R., 310 Popper, D.M., 108, 111, 220, 225–227, 178, 197, 218, 219, 221, 257, 258, Seares, F.H., 138, 164 285 261, 268, 271, 274, 275, 288 Searle, L., 212, 237, 240, 286, 295, Porro, I., 33,47 Rutherford, E., 133 309 Powell, A.L.T., 285, 295 Rutherfurd, L.M., 3–5, 34, 35, 40, 47, Secchi, A., 1, 3–5, 34, 35, 36–41, 44, 45, Prabhu, T.P., 198 89, 91 47, 48, 54, 56, 57, 59, 64, 65, 67, Praderie, F., 217 Ryabchikova, T.A., 213 76, 77, 79, 86–89, 152, 168, 171, Prager, R., 205, 206 Ryan, S.G., 290, 294 174, 201, 271 Preston, G.W., 208–209, 210, 211, 213, Rybicki, G., 267 Seebeck, T.J., 23 214 Seggewiss, W., 213 Pringle, E.H., 57 Saha, M.N., 56, 60, 135, 136–139, 141, Sekiguchi, K., 198 Pritchard, C., 31 142, 153, 253, 255 Sestini, B., 86 Przybylski, A., 291, 309, 310 Sahade, J., 236 Seyfert, C., 108 Pskovskii, Y.P., 241 Sakurai, Y., 312 Shafter, A.W.S., 198 Pyper, D.M., 208, 209 Salet, P., 8, 168 Shajn, G.A., 69, 108, 118 Salpeter, E.E., 294 Shallis, M.J., 213 Queloz, D., 121 Sampson, R.A., 254 Shane, C.D., 174, 175, 176, 177, Sandage, A.R., 119, 157, 286, 295 238 Ramberg, J., 165 Sandeman, R.J., 274 Shapley, H., 82, 83, 105, 109, 139, 162, Ramsay, W., 51 Sanduleak, N., 310 206, 222, 239 Ramsey, L.W., 10 Sanford, R.F., 6, 174, 178, 198, 228, Sharpless, S., 171, 172 Rao, K.N., 174 229, 233, 288, 307, 308, 317 Shipman, H.L., 220 Rayet, G.A.P., 44, 47, 50, 92, 196 Sanyal, A., 198 Shu, F.H., 230 Rayleigh, Lord, 23 Sargent, A., 226 Sidgreaves, W., 60 Rebolo, R., 185, 186, 290 S a r g e n t , W.L .W., 212, 295, Simms, W., 3 Rees, M.J., 311 309 Sion, E.M., 224 Reeves, H., 288 Savage, B.D., 323, 324 Skumanich, A., 315 Renson, P., 211, 214 Saveljeva, M.V., 198 Slettebak, A., 118, 119, 203, 204, 212, Respighi, L., 57 Scalo, J.M., 182 216 Richardson, R.S., 157, 229, 288 Schütz, W., 146 Slipher, V.M., 104, 228, 315 Richer, H.B., 178 Schaeberle, J.M., 218 Slob, C., 144, 145, 147 Risteen, A.D., 99 Schalén, C., 113, 161, 162 Smith, A.M., 319, 320 Ritchey, G.W., 238 Schatzman, E., 119, 315 Smith, B., 108 Ritter, A., 105, 127 Scheiner, J., 49, 52, 60, 69, 74, 90, 91, Smith, G.E., 11 Ritter, J.W., 16 103, 107, 133–136, 155, 169, 202, Smith, K.C., 210, 214 Roby, S.W., 213 254, 270 Smith, L.F., 195 Rodgers, A.W., 309 Schellen, H., 3,40 Smith, M.A., 218 Rogerson, J.B., 321 Schild, R.E., 195 Smith, M.G., 198 Roman, N.G., 171, 172, 173, 215, 216, Schjellerup, H.C.F.C., 37 Smith, V.V., 182, 198, 233 282, 284, 285 Schlesinger, F., 74, 117, 152 Sneden, C., 293 Roschdestwensky, D., 272 Schmidt, B.V., 8 Snow, T.P., 155 Rosenberg, H., 130, 131, 134, 135, 254 Schmidt, M., 294, 295 Snowden, M.S., 12, 213 Rosenfeld, L., 165, 178, 318 Schönberner, D., 227, 312 Soderblom, D.R., 290 Rosseland, S., 203, 264 Schroeder, L.W., 183 Spalding, J.F., 119 Rossiter, R.A., 117 Schuster, A., 56, 127, 133, 141, Spencer Jones, H., 100, 106, 107, 171, Rowland, H.A., 2, 8, 47, 89, 90, 92, 97, 156 198, 307, 308 98, 100, 106, 140, 142–144, 152, Schütz, W., 143, 144 Spinrad, H., 184, 296 269, 271 Schwarzschild, B., 284, 286 Spite, F., 289, 290, 293 Rudkjøbing, M., 261 Schwarzschild, K., 74, 112–114, Spite, M., 289, 290, 293 Rudnick, P., 159 128–130, 132–134, 141, 253, 254, Spitzer, L., 288, 319, 321 Rudnicki, K., 237 260, 264, 313, 314 Spörer, G., 49

Index of names 347

St John, C.E., 106, 141, 263, 271 Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin), 50 Wachmann, A.A., 163 Stark, J., 160 Thorburn, J.A., 290 Wackerling, L.R., 237 Stathakis, R., 242 Tinney, C.G., 186 Wadsworth, F.L.O., 112, 114 Stecher, T.P., 319, 320 Tinsley, B.M., 295 Waelkens, C., 204 Steel, H.R., 277 Titus, J., 215 Wagoner, R.V., 288 Steinheil, C.A., 3, 29, 34 Tousey, R., 10 Walborn, N.R., 154, 155, 184, 306 Stenquist, E., 165 Traving, G., 275, 281, 282 Walker, G.A.H., 121 Stephenson, C.B., 179, 182, 310 Treanor, P.J., 113 Walker, M.F., 229 Stewart, B., 28,31 Trimble, V.L., 221 Wallerstein, G., 179, 182, 198, 233, 286, Stewart, de L., 112 Tripicco, M.J., 290 286, 287–289 Stewart, J.C., 210 Trowbridge, J., 46 Wanschaff, H., 6 Stewart, J.Q., 138, 160, 258 Truran, J.W., 295 Warner, B., 176, 226, 232, 272, 310, 315 Stibbs, D.W.N., 208 Tsuji, T., 179, 181 Waters, L.B.F.M., 204 Stienon, F.M., 198 Twarog, B.A., 295 Weaver, H.F., 198, 215, 216 Stobbe, J., 163 Tyson, J.A., 242 Webbink, R.F., 233, 236 Stock, J., 162 Wegner, G.A., 310 Stokes, G.G., 25, 29, 31 Uesugi, A., 120 Weidemann, V., 223 Stone, E.J., 44, 196 Underhill, A.B., 154, 159, 196, 264, Welsh, B.Y., 318 Stone, R.P.S., 179 265, 278, 279, 281, 283 Wempe, J., 255 Stoney, G.J., 133 Unsöld, A., 141, 142–144, 146–148, Werner, K., 267 Stratton, F.J.M., 152, 197, 198, 199 257–261, 263, 264, 268, 274–279, Wessel, G., 272 Strom, K.M., 230 281–284, 316 Wesselink, A.J., 106, 226, 291 Strom, S.E., 230, 266 Utsumi, K., 179 Westgate, C., 118 Strömberg, G., 101 Utzschneider, J. von, 18, 20 Westphal, J.A., 309 Strömgren, B., 131, 206, 258, 260–263, Wheatstone, C., 3, 28 275–280, 286, 295 van Albada, G., 277 Wheeler, B.I., 95 Strömgren, E., 260 van Albada, G.B., 183 Wheeler, J.C., 240, 241, 243 Struve, O., 69, 104, 108, 110, 118–120, van Assenbergh, B., 143 Whipple, F.L., 240 140, 142, 144, 146–148, 159, 160, van de Hulst, H.C., 172 Whitelock, P.A., 237 162, 168–171, 203, 204, 206, 208, van den Heuvel, E.P.J., 311 Whitford, A.E., 172 209, 223, 225, 226, 228, 234, 235, van der Hucht, K.A., 195, 196 Whitney, C.A., 140 268, 271, 274, 275, 280, 281, 305, van der Kamp, P., 120 Wildt, R., 177, 179, 253, 258, 259, 260, 316, 317 van der Willigen, V.S.M., 2,28 262 Stuart, F.E., 320 van Eck, S., 182 Williams, E.G., 148, 159, 160, 170, 316, Sundman, A., 214 van Genderen, A.M., 312 317 Swan, W., 3, 22, 28, 33, 174 van Maanen, A., 219 Williams, R.C., 255, 256, 268, 269 Swensson, J.W., 271 van Rhijn, P.J., 163 Williams, R.E., 199, 201 Swings, P., 118, 174, 195, 204, 209, 234, Van’t Veer-Menneret, C., 217, Wilsing, J., 49, 52, 133–136, 155, 215, 235, 270, 318 284 254, 305 Varsavsky, C., 229 Wilson, H.C., 112 Takada-Hidai, M., 214 Venn, K.A., 212 Wilson, O.C., 157, 305, 314, 315, 317 Taylor, B.J., 296 Verweij, S., 160, 222, 223 Wilson, R., 322 Tcheng, M.L., 236 Vogel, H.C., 4–6, 44, 47–50, 52–56, 58, Wilson, R.E., 97, 100, 109, 110, 224, Teller, E., 162 59, 69, 74, 76, 79, 86, 88–94, 99, 285, 314 Tennant, J.F., 50 103, 104, 107, 117, 118, 168, 197, Wolf, C.J.E., 44, 47, 92, 196 Teske, R.G., 288 198, 201, 215, 238, 270, 305 Wolf, M., 156 Thackeray, A.D., 109, 110, 226, 291, Vogel, H.W., 46 Wolff, R.J., 213 308 Vogel, S.N., 230 Wolff, S.C., 213, 214 Thalén, T.R., 2, 51 Voigt, H.-H., 281 Wollaston, W.H., 3, 16,17 Thé, P.S., 204 Voigt, W., 143, 261 Wood, D.B., 184 Thollon, L., 89, 168 von Gothard, E., 5 Wood, R.W., 8, 98, 112, 113 Thomas, R.N., 266, 267 von Klüber, H., 142 Woolley, R. van der R., 161 Thomson, J.J., 56, 60, 133 Voûte, J.G.E.G., 107 Wright, K.O., 149, 264, 271, 276, Thomson, J.R., 198 Vyssotsky, A.N., 164 278–280, 283

348 Index of names

Wright, W.H., 5, 78, 82, Young, A., 12 Zebergs, V., 110 95–98, 156, 157, 165, Young, C.A., 89, 136, 238 Zeeman, P., 207 198, 207 Young, P.J., 12 Zemansky, M.W., 271 Wurm, K., 158 Young, R.K., 108, 316 Zirin, H., 318 Wyse, A.B., 158, 198 Young, T., 2, 16 Zöllner, J.C.F., 89, 114 Yü, C.S., 164, 165, 254 Yamashita, Y., 176, 178, 284 Zuckerman, B., 185 Yang, S., 121 Zabriskie, F.R., 319 Zwicky, F., 157, 223, 237–238, York, D.G., 322 Zanstra, H., 234, 236 239, 240

Index of star names

For stars with names that commence with a Greek Letter, the romanized spelling of the Greek determines the alphabetical order in the index.

10 Lac, 275, 278, 280, 281 8 Com, 216 α Per, 52, 93, 140, 147, 166, 268, 270, 12 Lac, 316 81 Tau, 215 271, 276, 277, 279, 281 15 UMa, 215 85 Peg, 287 α Sco, 36, 140, 141 15 Vul, 216 9 UMa, 276 α Tau, 36, 52, 128 152 Schjellerup, 50, 175 α UMa, 36 α 16 Cyg B, 122 AA Cam, 181 UMi, 52 α 16 Ori, 215, 216 AA Cyg, 180, 181 Vir, 35, 40, 46, 53, 320 α2 17 Com, 207 AC 70 8247, 221–223 CVn, 166, 205, 207, 209, 282 17 Hya, 217 Achernar, 55 Altair, 46, 117, 134 17 Lep, 146, 147 ADS 3910B, 212 Antares, 37, 55, 271 Arcturus, 6, 33, 35, 36, 40, 43, 46, 50, 19 Psc, 55, 57, 175, 176, 179 AG Peg, 236 52, 55, 90, 92, 93, 99, 114, 205, 2 And, 212 Alcyone, 201 268, 269, 271, 313 25 Ori, 203 Aldebaran, 35, 40, 42, 43, 46, 50, 55, AU Mic, 324 273 Schjellerup, 50 90, 313, 324 AX Per, 234–236 28 Tau, 204 Algol, 36, 53, 55, 75, 117 29 CMa, 71 α And, 166, 205, 207, 209 Barnard’s star, 120, 173 29 Cyg, 212 α Aql, 36, 46, 117, 134 BD +10 2179, 226 3 CenA, 210, 309 α Ara, 201 BD +35 4001, 44 3 CenB, 309 α Aur, 52 BD +35 4013, 44 30 Dor, 56 α Boö, 12, 128, 140 BD +36 3956, 44 31 Aql, 296 α Cam, 316, 321 BD –18 3789, 207, 208 4 Her, 166 α ◦ Car, 276 BD +35 3953, 57 40 Eri, 218, 219 α ◦ Cen, 129 BD +36 3987, 57 α ◦ 40 EriA, 111 CMa, 140, 320 BD +37 3821, 57 α ◦ 40 EriB, 111, 218–220, 222 CMi, 52, 72, 140 BD +38 4010, 57 41 Cyg, 147 α Col, 201 Bellatrix, 51 47 UMa, 122 α CrB, 112 β Aql, 36 48 Lib, 204 α Cru, 73 β Aur, 70, 258 51 Peg, 121, 122 α CVn, 68, 205, 206 β Cep, 12 53 Cam, 208 α Cyg, 12, 46, 55, 73, 140, 144, 145, β Cas, 117 53 Tau, 210 147, 160–162, 166, 204, 225, 291, β CMa, 318 55 Cyg, 281 312, 318 β Cru, 55, 59, 73 60 Tau, 215 α Dor, 72, 205 β Dra, 314 61 CygA, 184 α GemA, 218 β Gem, 35, 40 61 CygB, 184 α GemB, 215, 217 β Leo, 117 63 Tau, 215, 217, 218 α Her, 37, 50 β Lyr, 37, 44, 50, 52, 70, 75, 76, 78, 66 Oph, 204 α Leo, 161 117, 201, 304, 305 70 Vir, 122 α Lyr, 36, 40, 147, 160, 166, 256 β MonA, 204 73 Dra, 207 α Ori, 19, 35–37, 40, 50, 128, 140, 141, β Ori, 50, 52, 73, 166 78 Schjellerup, 50 314 β Peg, 35–37, 40, 50, 180, 271 78 Vir, 207 α Peg, 55 β Sco, 36, 315

349

350 Index of star names

β UMi, 36 η Cas, 184 HD 191765, 44 Betelgeuse, 19, 33, 37, 42, 43, 46, 54, η UMa, 46 HD 192103, 44 90, 136, 268 HD 192641, 44 BF Cyg, 236 f1 Cyg, 203 HD 201345, 155 Boss 1604, 184 FG Sge, 226, 311–313 HD 201626, 233 BW Vul, 12 FH Ser, 198 HD 209621, 233 FU Ori, 229 HD 215441, 208 Canopus, 129, 276, 277 HD 219617, 285, 289 Capella, 19, 33, 35, 36, 40, 43, 45, 46, γ Aqr, 212 HDE 232078, 286 50, 129, 138, 254, 324 γ Ara, 321 HE 0107-5240, 294 Castor, 19, 33, 36 γ Arg, 57 HE 1327-2326, 294 ◦ CD −38 245, 294 γ Cas, 37, 44, 50, 73, 76, 118, 166, 193, HL Tau, 231 ◦ CD −41 11041,57 201–203 HR 985, 203 ◦ CD −47 4504,57 γ Cep, 121 HR 1536, 76 ◦ CD −23 4553,65 γ Cyg, 279, 281 HR 1753, 212 χ Cyg, 58, 180, 181, 183 γ Equ, 207 HR 1754, 212 χ Her, 289 γ Gem, 262, 264, 271, 277, 282 HR 2392, 232 χ Lup, 210, 324 γ Leo, 35, 40 HR 2583, 65 χ Oph, 204 γ Ori, 50–52, 201 HR 4072A, 213 CI Cyg, 234–236 γ Pav, 285 HR 7775, 213 Cincinatti 1218, 184 γ Peg, 160, 278, 279, 281 HR Del, 198 Cincinatti 20:398, 222 γ Vel, 55, 57, 73 Humason-Zwicky 21, 223 CP Lac, 198 γ 2 Vel, 320 ι CP Pup, 198 GCRV 10367, 285 Cas, 207 ◦ ι CPD −57 5981,57 GD 40, 224 Ori, 70 ◦ ι CPD −58 2546,57 GD 165, 185, 187 OriB, 309 ◦ ι CPD −60 2578,57 GK Per, 197, 198 Phe, 72, 205 CS 22892–052, 293 Gl 229, 185, 187 κ Cnc, 210 CS 31082–001, 293 κ Dra, 203 HD 26, 232, 233 κ Gem, 232 δ Cen, 201 HD 19445, 284, 285, 289 κ Ser, 134 δ Cep, 91, 104–106 HD 20336, 203 δ Eri, 288, 289 HD 25329, 285 L745–46, 222 δ Leo, 117 HD 28226, 215 L870–2, 222 δ Lib, 117 HD 30210, 215 L879–14, 223 δ Nor, 72, 215 HD 30353, 225 L930–80, 223 δ Ori, 36, 50, 52, 118, 315, HD 33579, 291 Lalande 12561, 39 319 HD 46223, 154 Lalande 15290, 100 δ Sco, 319 HD 84937, 284 Lalande 1966, 100 δ Sct, 217, 218 HD 88230, 166 λ Boö, 210–212 Deneb, 43, 145, 268, 312 HD 96446, 226 λ Ori, 118, 134, 321 DK Lac, 198 HD 101065, 214, 309, 310 λ Tau, 117 DN Gem, 198 HD 114762, 121 LkHαl20, 229 DQ Her, 198 HD 117043, 166 LP 944–20, 186 HD 122563, 286 LV Vul, 198 Aur, 73, 147 HD 124448, 225–227 CMa, 281, 320 HD 125248, 207, 208 Markab, 55 Gem, 314 HD 135485, 210 Melnick 42, 324 Ori, 50, 52, 55 HD 140283, 275, 284, 285, 289 Merope, 201 UMa, 36, 205 HD 156074, 179 Mira, 8, 37, 67, 71, 76, 86, 183, 184, Vir, 233, 284 HD 160641, 226 221, 230, 237 η Aql, 91, 104 HD 161817, 285 μ Cen, 201 η Car, 56, 60, 78, 154, 193, 305–308, HD 168476, 226 μ Gem, 134 309 HD 169454, 318 μ Lep, 207

Index of star names 351

Nova Aquilae, 197, 313 ρ Per, 180 SN 1987A, 237, 241, 243 Nova Aquilae No. 2, 73 ρ Pup, 276 SN 1989Z, 241 Nova Aurigae, 78 Rigel, 35, 36, 40, 46, 52, 55, 268 SN 1993J, 241 Nova Aurigae (T Aur), 44, 51, 53, 59, Ross 640, 222 Spica, 53 60, 94, 197, 306 RR Lyr, 101, 105, 285 SS 433, 310, 311 Nova Centauri, 197 RR Pic, 198 SU Aur, 229 Nova Coronae (T CrB), 44 RR Tel, 308 Nova Cygni (Q Cyg), 196 RS Oph, 198 T Aur, 44, 197, 198 Nova Geminorum, 197, 199 RU Lup, 228 T Cam, 78, 179 Nova Herculis, 197, 316 RW Hya, 234–236 T CrB, 44, 50, 193, 196, 198, 201, 235, Nova Persei (GK Per), 53, 59, 76, 197 RX Boo, 183 236 ν For, 72, 205 RY Sgr, 78, 226, 227 TGem,81 RY Tau, 229 T Tau, 227–231, 288, 289 o Cet, 76 τ CMa, 77 o CetB, 221 S And, 58, 197, 237–241 τ Sco, 261, 264, 268, 271, 274–282 o2 Eri, 218, 221 S Cas, 58, 81 τ UMa, 68, 215, 277 ω Cen, 233 3 SCen,77 τ Eri, 72 9 S CrA, 230 τ Eri, 72, 205 P Cyg, 52, 57, 78, 155, 193, 199, 200, SMon,70 Teide 1, 185 205, 229, 231, 234, 243, 291, S Ori, 183 θ Aur, 205, 207 304–306, 308, 312, 319, 324 θ Car, 73 φ S UMa, 180, 181 Per, 201, 203 θ Hya, 212 π Aqr, 201 Sakurai’s object, 226, 313 − ◦ θ Leo, 218 π Sco, 319 Sanduleak 69 202, 243 σ θ Lyr, 287 π1 Gru, 78, 81, 82, 179 Gem, 313, 314 σ θ1 Mic, 72, 205 π1 Ori, 212 OriE, 210, 226 Pleione, 203, 204 Sirius, 19, 33, 35, 36, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, UCas,81 Polaris, 55, 254 50, 52, 55, 87–89, 127, 141, 147, Pollux, 19, 33, 43 218, 219, 262, 264, 268, 276, U Her, 183 PPl 15, 185, 186 277 U Hya, 177 υ Procyon, 19, 33, 36, 43, 52, 55, 88, 89, Sirius B, 219, 220, 222, 284 For, 72 υ 129, 166, 215, 218, 268, 271, 276, SN 1885A, 241 Sgr, 73, 224–226, 276 279, 280 SN 1895B, 241 UV Aur, 174 Procyon B, 221 SN 1920A, 241 UX Tau, 227 ψ Per, 201 SN 1921C, 241 UY Aur, 228 SN 1937C, 241 UZ Tau, 228 Q Cyg, 196, 198 SN 1937c, 239 QU Vul, 198 SN 1937d, 239 V1343 Aql, 311 SN 1939A, 241 V1494 Aql, 198 R And, 58, 81, 180, 181 SN 1939B, 241 V1500 Cyg, 198 R Aql, 183 SN 1954A, 241 V1974 Cyg, 198 R Aqr, 235, 236 SN 1960F, 241 V382 Vel, 198 R Aur, 183 SN 1960R, 241 V4334 Sgr, 313 R CMi, 81, 181 SN 1961H, 241 V446 Her, 198 R CrA, 228 SN 1962M, 241 V476 Cyg, 198 R CrB, 73, 78, 146, 225–227, 275, 284 SN 1968L, 241 V533 Her, 198 R Cyg, 81, 82 SN 1970G, 241 V603 Aql, 198 R Gem, 40, 44, 50, 76, 78, 81, 179, SN 1971I, 241 V605 Aql, 313 181 SN 1972E, 241 V630 Sgr, 198 RHya,58 SN 1972e, 240 V745 Sco, 199 R Leo, 58, 183 SN 1983N, 240 V838 Her, 198 RLyn,81 SN 1983U, 241 V842 Cen, 198 R Mon, 228 SN 1983V, 240 van Maanen 2, 222–224 ρ Oph, 230 SN 1984L, 240 van Maanen 1166, 221

352 Index of star names

Vega, 36, 45, 46, 50, 54, 55, 117, 136, ξ Aur, 212 ζ Aur, 283, 304 147, 164, 165, 167, 254, 255, 266, ξ Per, 320, 321, 324 ζ Cap, 231–233 268, 275 ξ Phe, 72, 205 ζ Her, 92 VV CrA, 230 XX Cam, 227 ζ Oph, 321, 324 XZ Tau, 231 ζ Ori, 52, 201, 319 W And, 183 ζ Per, 281 W UMa, 118 Y CVn, 174–177, 179 ζ Wolf 1346, 221, 222 YY Ori, 231 Pup, 55, 70, 71, 133, 193, 320 Wolf 489, 221, 223 ζ Tau, 55, 203 WX Cyg, 288 Z And, 234–236 ζ UMa, 36, 53, 289 WZ Cas, 176, 288 Z Cen, 197, 238, 239, 241 ζ UMaB, 215

Index of spectral lines

1012. (HeII), 70 410.3 NIII, 199 156–158, 193, 200, 228, 234, 236, 103.2 OVI, 318, 321 411.6 SiIV, 155 310 103.8 OVI, 321 412.8 SiII, 68, 72, 205–207, 209 473.7 C2, 174–176 1083. HeI, 142 413.0 EuII, 205 476.2 TiO, 82 121.6 DI, 324 413.1 SiII, 68, 72, 205–207, 209 486.8 SiC2, 174 124.0 NV, 324 413.2 FeI, 229 492.2 HeI, 51 135.4 FeXXI, 324 413.5 (white dwarf band), 223 495.4 TiO, 82 137.0 OV, 324 413.7 MnII, 209 495.9 [OIII], 43, 156–158, 234, 236 139.4 SiIV, 321 414.3 HeI, 155 497.6 SiC2, 174 140.3 SiIV, 321 415.0 CN, 172 500.1 NII, 43, 200 154.8 CIV, 321, 323, 324 420.0 HeII, 70 500.5 NII, 43 155.1 CIV, 321 420.0 SiII, 207, 209 500.7 [OIII], 43, 44, 56, 90, 156, 157, 165.7 CI, 214 420.5 EuII, 205 197, 234, 236 194.2 HgII, 324 420.6 MnII, 209 501.6 HeI, 51, 52 279.6 MgII, 142, 322 421.6 CN, 165, 174, 175 516.5 C2, 174 280.3 MgII, 142, 322 421.6 Sr II, 206 516.8 TiO, 82 334.6 [NeV], 158 421.6 SrII, 72 521.1 MgH, 184 342.6 [NeV], 158 422.7 CaI, 72, 136, 152, 285 541.2 (HeII), 70 + 359.0 CN, 174 423.3 CH , 318 563.6 C2, 174 365.0 (white dwarf band), 223 428.2 MnII, 209 567.9 NII, 200 372.6 [OII], 46, 78, 155–158 430. CH, 233, 234 573.8 VO, 182 372.9 [OII], 43, 46, 78, 155–158 430.0 CH, 174, 318 578.0 (interstellar band), 317 381.1 OVI, 195 435.2 CH, 234 579.7 (interstellar band), 317 386.0 UII, 293 436.3 [OIII], 156, 157 587.6 HeI, 50–52, 200, 204, 240 386.9 [NeIII], 78, 156, 158 441.6 ScII, 72 612.2 C2, 178 387.0 CN, 44 443.0 (interstellar band), 317 615.0 SiII, 240, 241 387.4 CN, 318 447.2, 65 616.0 SiII, 241 388.3 CN, 44, 165, 174 447.2 HeI, 51, 52, 154, 278 616.8 12C13C, 178 388.9 HeI, 52 447.5 (white dwarf band), 223 626.0 13CN, 178 394.4 MnII, 209 448.1 Mg II, 119 628.4 (interstellar band), 317 + 395.8 CH , 318 448.1 MgII, 118, 208, 212, 630.0 [OI], 231 397.0 HI, 160 284 637.5 [FeX], 201 398.4 HgII, 209 454.2 (HeII), 70 638.2 CaH, 184 401.9 ThII, 293 454.2 HeII, 70 638.9 CaH, 184 402.6, 65 455.4 BaII, 180, 181, 231 646.8 ZrO, 82 402.6 He I, 118 460.6 CN, 174, 175 647.4 ZrO, 180 402.6 HeI, 51, 52 460.7 SrII, 180 657.3 CaI, 261 404.5 FeI, 169 461.9 ZrO, 180 661.4 (interstellar band)., 317 405.0 C3, 174 463.4 NIII, 71, 72, 193, 195 667.8 HeI, 51 405.8 NIV, 155 464.0 NIII, 155, 193, 195, 199, 200, 670.8 LiI, 176, 178, 185, 186, 229, 230, 406.3 FeI, 229 239 288, 290, 310 407.8 SrII, 72, 152, 169, 206 464.0 ZrO, 179, 180 673.1 [SII], 231 408.9 SiIV, 155 464.9 CIII, 44, 72, 193, 195 706.6 HeI, 51 409.7 NIII, 155, 199 467.0 (white dwarf band), 223 766.5 KI, 166, 185 410.2 HI, 160 468.6 HeII, 44, 70–72, 78, 154, 769.9 KI, 166, 185

353

354 Index of spectral lines

780.0 RbI, 186 D3 587.6, 50, 52, 53, 201, 202, 238, 241, H, 5, 67, 71, 160, 201 794.5 CN, 176 306, 307 Hη, 219, 221 794.8 RbI, 186 Hγ , 4, 28, 43, 44, 46, 52, 78, 91, 92, 94, 818.3 NaI, 185 E, 19, 37, 50 97, 101, 106, 108, 155, 160, 179, 819.5 NaI, 185 223, 271, 274, 278, 291, 305, 307 844.6 OI, 199 F,19, 23, 28, 36, 37, 43, 45, 50, 56, 65, Hζ , 52, 161 87, 88, 238 849.8 CaII, 6 H3, 147 852.1 CsI, 186 h, k lines (MgII), 320 G, 19, 25, 28, 37, 50, 152, 165, 174, 175, 854.2 CaII, 6 233, 234, 284 866.2 CaII, 6, 178 K, 6, 24, 65, 66, 68, 72, 73, 107, 108, 894.3 CsI, 186 H, 19, 24, 25, 42, 65, 66, 68, 72, 73, 131, 136, 140–144, 152, 205, 212, 1250. KI, 187 136, 141–144, 152, 223, 224, 227, 215, 223, 224, 227, 229, 230, 233, 229, 230, 233, 289, 294, 304, 261, 284, 289, 294, 304, 313–318, A, 18, 24, 42, 152 313–317, 322 322 a, 18, 152 h, 322 k, 322 α K , 147 B, 18, 19, 37, 50, 152 H , 12, 28, 44, 50, 59, 89, 142, 152, 3 b, 19, 37, 50, 56, 87, 88, 144, 152, 238 157, 201, 202, 224–226, 229–231, 239, 254, 267, 291, 306–308, 310 Lα 121.6, 319–321, 323 α C, 18, 28, 43, 50, 56, 238 Hβ, 5, 6, 28, 33, 36, 37, 43–45, 59, 65, L DI, 324 67, 71, 81, 87–90, 107, 117, 152, D, 2, 18, 19, 27–29, 36, 37, 43–45, 50, 158, 160, 201, 202, 204, 213, 224, Pα, 267 56, 87, 88, 140, 141, 152, 176, 178, 267, 296, 304–306 233, 238, 272, 306, 315, 317, 318 Hδ, 46, 72, 78, 160, 278, 305 R, 21

Index of subjects

Absolute magnitude of stars Asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB), classification, 184, 231, 232 of Am stars, 216 182, 233, 234, 289, 290 composition, 232 from spectroscopic parallaxes, 133, post-AGB stars, 226, 312, 313 definition, 231 162, 165, 168, 314 ATLAS model-atmosphere program discovery, 232 from Wilson-Bappu effect, 314, 315 (Kurucz), 267 formation by binary mass exchange, of supernovae, 237, 239 Atlas of Nova Herculis, 1934 (Stratton 233 of white dwarfs, 219, 221, 223 and Manning), 197 relation to CH stars, 231, 233 Abundance of the Elements, The Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra relation to S stars, C stars, 231 (Aller), 282 (Huggins), 46 in spectroscopic binaries, 233 Académie des Sciences, Paris, 36, 87 Atomic structure, 133 Be stars, 44, 52, 65, 73, 75, 76, 78, 118, Accelerated lambda iteration (ALI) (for Atomic theory (Bohr), 83, 133 201, 283 non-LTE models), 267 Avrett–Krook procedure (of differential catalogue, 202 Accretion disk, 230, 311 temperature corrections), 265 classification, 202, 204 Active galactic nuclei, 323 rotational velocities, 203 Aerobee rockets, 10, 319 B stars, 111, 135, 148, 158 theoretical model for, 203, 204 Age-metallicity relationship (for stars in classification, 159 variability, 202, 203 Galaxy), 287, 295 composition, 275, 281, 283 Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Ages of stars 3He in, 309 293 correlation with H, K emission radial velocities of, 103, 104, 107, Xinglong Station, 293 intensity, 315 109, 159 Bell Laboratories (NJ), 11 Allegheny Observatory, 74, 90, 92, 99, UV spectra of, 319, 323 Benediktbeuern glass works (Bavaria), 117, 198 Babelsberg 30-cm refractor (Berlin), 18, 20 13-inch refractor, 92 206 Bergedorf northern spectral survey Alpha particles, 287 Bache 8-inch telescope (Harvard), (Spektraldurchmusterung), 163 American Astronomical Society, 98, 64–66, 74, 75, 78 Berlin–Babelsberg Observatory, 135, 100, 105, 129, 131, 139, 172, 182, Ball Aerospace Systems, 323 169, 205 235 Balloon-borne ultraviolet stellar Beryllium, 288 Amherst College (Mass.), 178 spectrometer (BUSS), 320 Bibliography of Stellar Radial Velocities Ammonia bands (in brown dwarfs), 187 Balmer jump (discontinuity), 165, 166, (Abt and Biggs), 110, 116 Andromeda galaxy (M31), 58, 83, 172, 254–257, 259, 260, 262, 266, 282 Bibliography on atomic transition 237, 284 in H-deficient stars, 225 probabilities (Wiese et al.), 273 Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT), 10 in symbiotic stars, 237 Black-body radiation, 133, 134, 159, Anomalous dispersion (in gases), 271 Balmer series (lines) of hydrogen, 45, 253–255, 257 Arcetri Observatory, Florence, 176 70, 137, 160–162, 165, 170, 312 Bloemfontein, S. Africa, 203 Arcturus, Photometric Atlas of the in Be stars, 202 Bochum Observatory (Germany), 204 Spectrum of (Griffin), 269 in η Car, 306, 307 Bologna, 311 Asiago Observatory, 210, 241, 310 in H-deficient stars, 225, 226 Boltzmann equation (law), 137, 149, Asterium, 51 in P Cygni, 305 253, 271, 275 Astrographic Catalogue (Greenwich), in SS433, 310 Bonn 30-cm refractor, 99 221 in subdwarfs, 284 Bonn Observatory, 99, 132 Astronomical Institute, Amsterdam, in supernovae, 240, 241 Boron, 288 138, 145 in symbiotic stars, 236 Bosscha Observatory, 107 Astronomical spectrographs and their in T Tau stars, 228, 230 Bothkamp Observatory, 47, 53, 89, 201 history (Hearnshaw), 3 in white dwarfs, 219, 221 Boyden 13-inch refractor, 5, 65, 66, 71, Astronomische Gesellschaft, 131 Barium stars, 179, 182, 231, 234 73, 79, 139, 306

355

356 Index of subjects

Boyden Station, Arequipa, Peru, 5, 66, Bouigue classification, 178 CNO cycle (of H fusion), 179 83, 308 catalogues of, 179 Coarse analysis, 261, 264, 275, 278, 279, Boyden Station, Mazelspoort, S. Africa, composition, 178, 179 281 83, 109, 222 Fujita classification, 178 Collateral divisions of Maury, 68, 69, J.A. Brashear Co., Pittsburgh, 94, 96 J stars, 178 128 British Association for the Keenan classification (1993), 179, 234 Collegio Romano 24-cm Merz Advancement of Science, 51 Keenan-Morgan C classification, refractor, 36 Broadening of spectral lines 176, 178, 179 Collegio Romano Observatory, 35, 36, by the Doppler effect, 193, 305, 317 Richer classification, 178 86 by galactic rotation, 317 temperatures of, 175, 176, 179 Collimator, 3, 4, 22, 94, 322 noted by Maury, 69 Carnegie Institution (of Washington), Colour, 2, 16, 18, 21, 26, 43, 127 by pressure, 40 100 of Am stars, 215 by the Stark effect, 118, 158, 160, Case Western Reserve University, of Ap stars, 209, 210 162, 275, 277 Cleveland, Ohio, 310 of carbon stars, 58, 174, 177 by stellar rotation, 116–118 Catholic University of Chile (Pontificia colour index, 130, 134, 173, 266, 291, by turbulence, 315 Universidad Católica de Chile), 315 Brown dwarfs, 121, 187 108 colour temperatures, 134, 139, 169, classification, 186, 187 Centre National de la Recherche 257, 280 discovery, 185, 187 Scientifique (CNRS), 281 stellar colours, 43, 49, 160, 169, 266 spectroscopic test for, 185 Cepheid variables, 91, 104, 105, 107, stellar colours and the Doppler Y spectral type, 187 314 effect, 86, 87 Bruce 24-inch refractor (Arequipa), 75, pulsation hypothesis, 105, 106 of supernovae, 238 222 Cerro Tololo Interamerican of white dwarfs, 221–224 Bruce 3-prism spectrograph (Yerkes), Observatory (CTIO, Chile), 185, Colour-magnitude diagram, 128, 130 103, 146 199 Coma (star cluster), 218, 315 Brussels, Université Libre de, 182, 233 CH stars, 179, 184, 233 Combination spectrum, 235, 237 Burrell-Schmidt 61-cm telescope, carbon isotope ratios in, 233 Cometary spectra, 44, 59, 94, 174, Cleveland, Ohio, 176, 179, 183, classification, 234 323 294, 310 composition, 233 Brorsen’s comet (comet I, 1868), luminosities, 233 44 c division stars (Maury), 69, 128, 132, in spectroscopic binaries, 234 comet 1881b, 44 138, 139, 152, 171 subgiant CH stars, 234 comet I (1864), 44 Calcium hydride (in M dwarfs), 183 temperatures, 234 Swift’s comet (1892), 94 California Institute of Technology Charge-coupled device (CCD), 10, 11, Tempel’s comet (1866), 44 (Caltech), 156, 216, 223, 229, 239, 116, 120, 184, 199, 218, 323 Winnecke’s comet (comet II, 1868), 240, 272, 273, 285, 287, 288, 309 Chemical analysis 44 Cambridge 90-cm reflector, 114 Bunsen and Kirchhoff, 28 Committee on the Classification of Cameras Fox Talbot, 22 Stellar Spectra, 74, 75, 81, 152, Schmidt, 8 J. Herschel, 21 153, 162 for spectrograph, 4 Huggins and Miller, 43 Committee on the classification of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Kirchhoff, 28, 41 spectra of novae (IAU), 197, 199 (CFHT), 10 of stars, 43 Comparison spectrum Cape 24-inch refractor, 60, 100, 109 Stokes, 29 hydrogen (Geissler) tube, 52 Cape Observatory (Royal Observatory of Sun, 28, 29, 31 iron arc, 53, 92 at the Cape), 59, 99, 107, 108, 110, Chromosphere iron spark, 93, 94, 307 306 chromospheric activity, 322 using gas absorption cell, 111, 121 Carbon chromospheric lines, 320, 323, 324 using hyponitric fumes, 111 isotopes, 178 H, K emission from, 314 using interstellar lines, 111, 112 molecular C2, 174 ionization in solar chromosphere, 136 using iodine cell, 121 molecular C3, 174, 177 spectrum of Sun, 53, 70, 89, 147 using NdCl3 solution, 112, 113 Carbon monoxide (CO), 165, 178, 182 and T Tau stars, 227, 231 using telluric lines, 89, 111 Carbon stars (types R, N or C), 37, 39, Cléveite (lead uranate), 51, 52, 55 Complejo Astronómico el Leoncito 57, 58, 67, 76, 77, 81, 170, 173, Clusters of stars, galactic (open), 161, (CASLEO, Argentina), 116 175, 184, 233 167, 216, 229, 315 Composite spectra, 225, 235

Index of subjects 357

Composition of stars, 172, 268, 280, 281 Cosmochronology (from radioactive in HD101065, 310 Aller’s work, 278, 281 isotopes), 293 Dispersion, 2, 18 of Am stars, 217, 218 Cours de Philosophie Positive effect of, on equivalent widths, 274, of Ba stars, 232, 233 (Comte), 1 278 of CH stars, 233 Crimea 50-inch telescope, 108 Dissociation of disk stars, 292 Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, according to Lockyer, 56, 136 of early stellar models, 260 108, 236, 283 constant, 136 of F and G dwarfs, 287, 292, 296 Cross-sections, absorption energy of molecules, 183 atomic, 275 theory of Nernst, 136 of halo stars, 285, 286, 292 − of hydrogen-deficient stars, 225, 226 H , 259, 260, 262 Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, of λ Boö stars, 212 Crossley 36-inch reflector (Lick), 165, Victoria, 99, 101, 106, 108–110, [Fe/H] catalogue (Cayrel et al.), 283, 174, 175, 221, 223 121, 145, 149, 153, 158, 162, 174, 292 Curtis Schmidt telescope 176, 178, 193, 232, 236, 271, 283, Greenstein’s work, 277 (Michigan–Cerro Tololo), 185, 316, 317 in Magellanic Clouds, 291 232, 293, 294 Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, 6, 99, non-LTE analysis, 267 Curve of growth, 140, 142, 144, 146, 101, 107, 113 148, 149, 268, 274 Donati’s comet (1858), 33 Payne’s work, 139, 268 for Ba stars, 232 Doppler effect, 7, 35, 45, 52, 86, 88, Russell-Adams, 141, 268 coarse analysis technique, 146, 226, 111, 116 Unsöld’s work, 275 261, 275, 284, 310 applied to sound, 86 Wright’s work, 279, 280 differential curve of growth, 276, laboratory verification of, 91 Composition of Sun 277, 280, 285 and spectral line shifts, 45, 52, 87, 90, compared to other disk stars, 282, for halo stars, 285 95, 106, 115 284 for interstellar lines, 316 in SS433, 311 for constructing a solar model, 258, solar, 149, 276, 277 Doppler profile, 143, 147 260 theoretical, 143, 144, 147, 261 Draper 11-inch refractor (Harvard), 5, Fe abundance, 273, 274 Cyanogen (CN) bands, 161, 164, 165, 65, 66, 73, 79, 139 Goldberg–Müller–Aller, 272 169, 170, 174, 176, 313 Draper 28-inch reflector Li abundance, 288 4150 stars, 172 (Hastings-Harvard), 4, 45, 65, 66 non-LTE analysis, 266, 273 in Ba stars, 231 Draper 8-inch telescope (Harvard), 66, Russell, 142 interstellar, 318 78 Russell-Adams-Moore, 140 weak CN stars, 172 Draper (Memorial) Catalogue of Stellar Strömgren, 261 Cygnus A, 111 Spectra, 59, 65, 66, 74, 77, 78, 81, Unsöld, 141 Cylindrical lens, 4, 33, 42, 46, 91 156, 176, 197, 304 Wright, 279 Draper Park Museum, 70 Contact binary stars (W UMa type), Damping (constant), 143, 145 Dudley Observatory, Albany, N.Y., 118 collisional, 142, 144 271 Convection (in stars), 119, 179, 229, radiative, 141 Dunsink Observatory, Dublin, 105, 264, 268, 274, 315 Danish 1.54-m telescope (ESO), 115 270 Li destruction by, 289, 290 Dartmouth College Observatory, 103 Dust, circumstellar, 309 mixing of elements by convection, David Dunlap 74-inch telescope, 108 dredge up, 182, 232, 313 David Dunlap Observatory, 108–110 Eclipse, of Sun, 27, 50, 53, 63, 136 Copenhagen, 274 de Jager questionnaire on spectral Eclipsing binary stars, 91, 258 Copenhagen Observatory, 37, 47, 57, analysis (1959), 282 Algol type, 53, 76, 117 127, 260, 261 Deep Near Infrared Survey of the ζ Aur type, 304 Copernicus satellite (OAO-3), 154, 155, Southern Sky (DENIS), 187 β Lyrae type, 76, 78, 304 321, 324 δ Scutistars,217 W UMa type, 118 CORAVEL (radial-velocity Detroit Observatory (University of Edinburgh, 254 spectrometer), 115 Michigan), 77, 99, 198, 203 Edinburgh 6-inch Cooke astrograph, Córdoba 1.5-m telescope, 308 Deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio (D/H), 254 Córdoba Observatory (Argentina), 105, 323, 324 Edinburgh-Cape blue object survey, 195, 308 Differential analysis of stellar spectra, 226 Cornell University, 220 141, 146, 276, 279, 282, 285, 312 Effective temperature Cosmic rays, 288, 290 Diffusion of elements in stars, 217, 226 of Sun, 262

358 Index of subjects

Effective wavelengths Espin’s 17-inch reflector, 58 in CH stars, 233 of filter pass-bands, 134 η Carinae in subdwarfs, 284, 285 Hertzsprung, 130 continuum scans, 309 G dwarf stars, 287 Eighth Catalogue of the orbital infrared source, 309 composition, 287 elements of spectroscopic binaries line identifications, 307 G dwarf problem in the galactic disk, (Batten et al.), 116 model for, 309 294, 295 Electron, 133, 136, 260 nebula, 306 lithium in, 289, 290 degeneracy pressure, 186, 220 spectral lines, 306 Galactic distribution of stars, 74, 83, discovery of, 133 variability of light, 306 171 electron degeneracy, 220 European Southern Observatory Galactic evolution, 286, 287, 289, electron scattering, 262 (Chile), 11, 115, 292, 313 292–294, 296, 323 spin, 159 ESO Schmidt telescope, 294 model of Eggen, Lynden–Bell and in Stark effect, 160 European Space Research Organization Sandage, 295 Electronograhic camera, 319 (ESRO), 322 and supernovae, 293, 295 ELODIE (Haute Provence), 11 Excitation in stellar atmospheres, 137, Galactic Novae (Payne–Gaposchkin), Emerson McMillan 12-inch telescope, 141, 149, 258, 275, 279 237 94 excitation in nebulae, 156 Galactic structure, 83 Emerson McMillan Observatory (Ohio excitation temperatures, 146, 149, spiral arms, discovery of, 172 State University), 94, 99 271, 277, 280 Geissler tube, 28, 40, 45, 53, 88, 91, 92 Emission-line B stars (Be), 50, 73, 76, Extinction, atmospheric, 134, 256 General Catalogue (Boss), 100 78, 158, 166, 199, 201 Extrasolar planets General catalogue of cool carbon stars catalogues, 202 angular momentum, 119 (Stephenson), 179 rotation, 118, 203 astrometric method, 120 General Catalogue of galactic S stars variability, 203 detection, discovery, 120, 122 (Stephenson), 182 Emission-line stars, 37, 44, 52, 57, 59, Doppler method, 120 General Catalogue of Stellar Radial 78, 152, 193, 197, 224, 310 Velocities (R.E. Wilson), 109, 115, Fabry–Perot interferometer, 318 catalogue of, 78, 202, 237, 310, 314 116, 285 Faint Blue Star survey (Greenstein, η Car, 56 General catalogue of the radial Sargent), 226 P Cygni, 52, 304 velocities of stars, nebulae and FG Sagittae with H, K reversals, 313, 314 clusters (Moore), 107 composition, 312 symbiotic stars, 234 General theory of relativity, 111, 220 light variations, 312 T Tau stars, 227 Geneva Observatory, 115 model for, 312 Energy distributions, stellar Georgetown College, 36, 86 spectral type, 312 for Am stars, 218 Glass, crown and flint, 3, 18 Fine analysis, 278, 279, 281, 282 for η Car, 308 Globular clusters, 101, 115 Flare stars (dMe), 230 M13, 285 photographically determined, 134, Florence, 33 254 M3, 285 Fluorescent mechanism of Zanstra, M92, 286 solar, 256 234, 236 ω for subdwarfs, 285 Fluorescent spectroscopy, 25 Cen, 233 visually determined, 134 Fluxes, stellar, 134, 253, 254, 282 Goddard Institute for Space Studies Enhanced lines (Lockyer), 55, 56, 136, flux gradients, 165, 166, 254, 256, (NASA), 266 138, 152 262, 266, 282 Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA), Envelopes, circumstellar, 193, 202, 315, ultraviolet, 321, 322 319, 320 320 Forbidden lines, 156, 157, 234, 307 Göttingen, 128, 130–132, 255, 257, 272 of P Cyg stars, 319 Fourier analysis (of spectral lines), 120 Göttingen Observatory, 127, 134, 255, of symbiotic stars, 236 Fraunhofer lines, 18, 50 256 of T Tau stars, 229 discovery of, 18 Gould’s Belt, 83, 172 Equivalent width, 142, 143, 158, 159, mapped by Kirchhoff, 29 Gradient effect (in curve of growth), 261, 268, 274, 275, 282 notation, 19, 24 147 Allen’s solar, 148, 276, 277, 280 origin of, 19, 21, 27 Grating of interstellar lines, 324 Fundamental data for southern stars concave, 320 theoretical (from model atmosphere), (Evans et al.), 110 Grating, diffraction 261 Anderson,6,8 Utrecht solar, 269 G band, 165, 174 blazed, 6, 8

Index of subjects 359

Brashear, 89 Haute-Provence Observatory, 9, 11, GoddardHighResolution concave, 2, 323 113, 114, 121, 166 Spectrograph (GHRS), 211, échelle, 9, 322, 323 Heidelberg 72-cm Waltz telescope, 323 Fraunhofer, 2, 19 278 Huggins’ 15-inch Grubb Jacomini, 6 Helium refractor, 45, 88 objective, 319 discovery of, 48, 50 Huggins’ 18-inch reflector, 4, 45, 46 Rowland, 6, 90 3He, 309 Huggins’ 8-inch Clark-Cooke Rutherfurd, 5, 34, 89 singlet-triplet anomaly in HeI lines, refractor, 41 transmission, 2 159 Hyades, 130, 215, 217, 218, 287, 289, Wanschaff, 6 in stars, 52, 65, 67, 70, 158 290, 315 Wood, 8 Helium-rich stars, 210, 211, 226, Hydrides, metallic Young, 2, 16 283 CaH, 183 Gravitational collapse (to galactic disk), Helium-weak stars, 210, 211 MgH, 184 287 Henry Draper Catalogue, 65, 75, 76, 78, Hydrocarbon molecule (CH), 165, Gravitational contraction, 127, 130, 229 79, 81–83, 152, 156, 162, 168, 173, 174 Gravitational line shifts, 111 179, 206, 224, 225, 284, 291, 309 in Ba stars, 231 in white dwarfs, 220 Extension, 82, 83, 162, 173 in CH stars, 233 Gravity, acceleration due to, 153, 169, publication of, 79 interstellar, 318 278 Henry Draper Memorial, The, 64, 66, in subdwarfs, 284 of Am stars, 215, 217 73, 75, 76, 78, 82 Hydrogen-deficient stars, 146, 179, 210, of stellar models, 261, 266, 278, 282 Herbig Ae/Be stars, 204, 230 225, 276, 313 of Sun, 260 catalogue, 204 binaries, 226 carbon stars, 226 of white dwarfs, 222, 224 definition of, 204 catalogues of, 227 Great Melbourne Telescope, 56, evolutionary state of, 205 chemical composition, 225–227 58, 306 relation to classical Be stars, 204 classes of, 226 Groningen Observatory, 162 Herbig–Haro objects, 231 Hercules (MJUO), 11 conferences on, 227 Herény Observatory (Hungary), 59 evolutionary state, 226, 227 Hale Observatories (Mt Wilson and Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, 131, intermediate helium stars, 226 Palomar), 12 135, 138, 164, 169, 172, 217, 218, surveys for, 226 Halo stars (Population II), 284, 290, 294 288, 312, 315, 323 Hydrostatic equilibrium, 253, 260 halo red giants, 285, 286, 294 for Ba stars, 232 Hyperfine structure, 318 Hamburg(–Bergedorf) Observatory, 8, for CH stars, 234 Hypergiants, 291 158, 162, 163 for LMC supergiants, 291 Hamburg Schmidt survey, 226 for subdwarfs, 284 IC 4182 (galaxy), 239 Hamburg-ESO survey, 226, 294 for T Tau stars, 229 Image slicer, 158 Hamilton échelle (Lick), 10, 121 for white dwarfs, 221, 224 Image tube, 318 Hannover, 273 Hg:Cd:Te detector (near infrared), Imperial College, London, 135 HARPS (ESO), 11 185 Indiana University, 278 Hartmann interpolation formula, 92, 97 High-velocity clouds, 318 Infrared radiation Harvard 15-inch refractor, 65 High-velocity stars, 92, 99, 100, 173 from η Car, 309 Harvard College Observatory, 63, 64, 233, 282–284, 286 and Doppler effect, 86 71, 109, 113, 130, 138, 148, 162, catalogues of, 101, 173, 285 nature, 25 169, 170, 179, 197, 198, 201, 205, composition, 285, 286 photography, 177 222, 262, 277, 304, 306, 316 HIRES (Keck), 10 in solar spectrum, 16, 22, 25 Harvard–Smithsonian Center for HK objective prism survey (Beers et Inglis-Teller formula, 162, 275 Astrophysics, 121, 230, 266, 267, al.), 226, 293, 294 Initial mass function (IMF), 294 273 Holmium (lines in stellar spectra), Salpeter function, 294 Harvard–Smithsonian Reference 310 Inorganic Evolution (Lockyer), 55 Atmosphere (HSRA), 273 Hubble Space Telescope, 211, 220, Institut d’Astrophysique, Paris, 167, Hastings-on-Hudson Observatory 323 168, 217, 230, 263, 281 (Draper), 45, 63 Scientific impact of the Goddard Intensity distribution, solar, 134, 260 Haute-Provence 1.2-m telescope, 178 High Resolution Spectrograph Internal Constitution of the Stars, The Haute-Provence 1.93-m telescope, 166 (1998), 324 (Eddington), 106, 253

360 Index of subjects

International Astronomical Union Jungfraujoch Scientific Station, 166, Limb darkening, 105, 118, 254, 256, (IAU), 53, 75, 81, 98, 106, 107, 167, 256 262, 263, 265 109, 142, 152, 173, 194, 197, 199, Jupiter, 92 Line blanketing, 263–265, 267 201, 269, 272 Line blocking (in spectral pass-bands), Commission 14 (fundamental K-term (in radial velocities), 99, 103, 127, 134, 135, 256, 263, 266 spectroscopic data), 272 107, 111, 221 in Am stars, 217 Commission 29 (stellar spectra), 75, Keeler’s visual spectroscope, 90, 94, 193 in subdwarfs, 285 154, 168, 193, 195, 201, 223 Kelvin–Helmholtz timescale (for Line identifications, 268, 270 Commission 30 (radial velocities), gravitational contraction), 127, in η Car, 307 106, 111, 113 187 in nebulae, 156 International Solar Union, 74, 75, 130, Kiel University, 216, 257, 262, 264, in WR stars, 194 152, 219 267, 272, 273, 275, 281–283, 312 Line intensities International Ultraviolet Explorer King’s College, London, 42 from density wedge, 161 (IUE), 154, 155, 211, 230, 236, Kirchhoff ’s Law of Emission and of H, K reversals, 315 304, 322–324 Absorption, 28 interstellar, 316 Interstellar lines, 112, 144, 152, 233, Kitt Peak 2.1-m telescope, 12 laboratory, 272, 273 304, 315, 316, 318–320 Kitt Peak National Observatory, 116, in spectral classification, 169 bands, 317 216, 218, 312, 318, 320 in standard stars, 271 Mt Wilson catalogue of IS line Kuffner Observatory, Vienna, 134 Rowland scale, 140, 142, 269 strengths, 317 Line opacity, 261 of O VI, 321 L, T spectral types, 184, 186, 187 Line profiles, 141, 143, 148, 160, 169, in ultraviolet, 321, 324 La Paz Observatory (Potsdam southern 269, 275, 277, 278, 318, 319 Interstellar medium, 282, 287, 296, 316, station), Bolivia, 163 in Am stars, 216 317, 323 La Plata Observatory (Argentina), for rotating stars, 118 composition of, 321, 323, 324 173, 209 in B stars, 160 coronal gas, 318, 322, 323 Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, 57 in Be stars, 202, 203 extinction (by dust), 322 λ Boötis stars, 210–212 of H, K reversals, 313 high-velocity clouds, 318 composition, 212 P Cygni, 155, 229 Local Bubble, 318 definition of, 212, 214 in subdwarfs, 284 X-ray emission from, 318, theories for, 212 theoretical, 160, 278, 282 322 Lamp, calibration, 134, 166, 255, 256 in white dwarfs, 222, 223 Interstellar molecules, 318, 323 Landessternwarte, Königstuhl, Line spectra molecular hydrogen, 320 Heidelberg, 156, 162, 199, 230, absorption lines, 16, 18 Ionization 278, 284 atmospheric lines, 23, 26, 89, 111 equilibrium, 135, 275 Lanthanum oxide bands (in S stars), Fraunhofer, 33, 260 limit (edge), 257, 258 181 in nebulae, 156, 157 potentials, 136 Large Magellanic Cloud, 56, 83, 113, solar ultraviolet, 24, 25 Saha equation, 136, 138, 141, 142, 114, 155, 199, 237, 242, 291, 324 in stars, 33 215, 253, 259, 260, 264, 272, 274, Lead sulphide cell (for IR photometry), Line strength maxima, method of 275, 277 260 (Fowler and Milne), 137, 138 Saha’s theory of, 83, 135, 137, 138, Leander McCormick Observatory, 162 Line-width parameters, 68, 74, 152, 153, 255 Leiden Observatory, 128, 138, 221 161, 164 temperatures, 136, 139, 153, Length method (of objective prism List of ultimate and penultimate lines of 275 radial velocities), 111–113 astrophysical interest (Russell), in WR stars, 194, 195 Lick 120-inch (3-m) telescope, 10, 229, 270 Isotopes 318 Lithium, 288 of carbon, 178, 233 Lick 36-inch refractor, 6, 89, 94, 95, 97, in carbon stars, 178, 288 of helium, 309 146, 158, 193, 220, 305 in F dwarfs, 290 of mercury, 210 Lick Observatory, 4, 6, 9, 47, 78, 92, 94, in FU Ori, 229 95, 97, 99, 106–110, 119–121, 155, gap (Boesgaard), 290 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 156, 158, 165, 174, 193, 198, 201, in halo stars, 289 (Pasadena), 11 202, 208, 215–218, 220–222, 224, in interstellar medium, 288, 290 Johns Hopkins University, 6, 8, 89, 226, 228–230, 238, 254, 277, 289, in meteorites, 289 92, 98 307, 312, 315 nucleosynthesis of, 288, 290

Index of subjects 361

in old disk stars, 289, 290 Macroturbulence, 120 Meridional circulation, 216, 218 in S stars, 288 Madras, 56, 57 Merrill-Sanford bands (SiC2), 174, and the Spite plateau, 290 Magellanic Clouds, 115, 116, 291, 323 175 and stellar age, 289 Magnesium hydride (in M dwarfs), 184 Metal-poor stars, 43, 167, 173, 269, in Sun, 229, 288, 289 Magnetic braking (of stellar rotation), 286 in T Tau stars, 229, 230, 288, 289 119, 315 surveys for, 294 Llano del Hato Observatory Magnetic fields, stellar Metallic hydrides (in stellar spectra), (Venezuela), 162 in Am stars, 216 183, 186 Local thermodynamic equilibrium in Ap stars, 207 Metallic-line stars (Am), 119, 167, 210, (LTE), 218, 253, 266 and H, K emission, 315 211, 215, 231, 276 Lockyer 30-inch reflector, 53 and synchrotron radiation, analysis of, 215, 217, 283 Long period variable stars (Mira 309 in binary systems, 216 variables), 40, 44, 58, 76, 179, in T Tau stars, 229, 231 catalogues, 216 182, 230 Manganese(-mercury) stars, 210 classification, 217 Lorentz profile, 143 Marginal appearances of spectral lines composition, 217, 218 Louisiana State University, 234 used by Payne, 139 definition of, 217 Lowell 24-inch Clark refractor, 104 used by Saha, 136 early history, 68, 72, 215 Lowell Observatory, 99, 104, 198, 315 Mars, 6, 19, 33 lithium in, 218 Luminosities of stars, 128, 129, 132, Marseille Observatory, 114–116 radiative diffusion theory for, 218 161 Mass loss from stars, 116, 119, 193, rotation, 216–218 of Am stars, 217 225, 323 temperatures of, 217, 218 of λ Boö stars, 212 from LMC supergiants, 323 Metallicity (of stars), 115 of CH stars, 233 from O, B stars, 154, 155, 323, 324 Metcalf 10-inch telescope (Arequipa), of LMC supergiants, 291 from P Cyg stars, 305 82, 83 of subdwarfs, 284 from SS433, 311 Metcalf 16-inch telescope (Harvard), of supernovae, 239 from symbiotic stars, 235 79, 113 and the Wilson-Bappu effect, from T Tau stars, 229, 231 Meteoritic hypothesis (Lockyer), 54, 315 Mass–luminosity relationship, 169, 56, 60 Luminosity classes, 161, 169, 170, 269 219 Methane bands (in brown dwarfs), of carbon stars, 178, 179 Mass–radius relation (white dwarfs), 187 of LMC stars, 291 220 Meudon Observatory, 92, 267, Luminosity effects in stellar spectra Massachusetts Institute of Technology 314 Adams and Kohlschütter, 132, 137, (MIT), 9, 63, 149 Michigan 37-inch Brashear telescope, 138 Masses of stars 77, 203, 256 in B stars, 158 Ba stars, 232 Michigan Catalogue of Hertzsprung, 128 white dwarfs, 220, 221, 224 two-dimensional spectral types for Lindblad, 161 Mathematical Mechanical Institute the HD stars (Houk et al.), 184, Lockyer, 55 Reichenbach, Utzschneider and 185 Maury, 69 Liebherr, 17 Microdensitometer, 158, 160, 165, 202, Milne, 138 McCormick Observatory (University of 254, 268, 274, 316, 317 in MKK atlas, 170 Virginia), 162 Michigan direct intensity, 268 Monck, 129 McDonald 82-inch telescope, 9, 108, Moll, 145, 256, 268 in O stars, 154 221, 223, 225, 274 Microquasars, 311 Payne, 139 McDonald Observatory, 10, 108, 110, Microturbulence, 120, 148, 150, 268, Russell and Adams, 141 122, 216, 269, 271, 276–278, 282, 294 in S stars, 182 292, 313 of Sun, 273, 274 using CN bands, 165 McMath solar telescope (Kitt Peak), Milano–Merate Observatory, 283 using H, K reversals, 314 318 Mills 36-inch reflector (Chile), 96, using metallic hydrides (M stars), Melbourne Observatory, 56 97 184 Merate Observatory, 155 Mills Expedition to Chile, 96, 307 Luminosity function, 83, 128, 170 Mercury (lines in stellar spectra), 209, Milne–Eddington model, 261, 263, 277, Lund Observatory, 57 210, 324 281 Lyman lines, 265, 266, 319 Mercury–manganese stars (HgMn), Minnaert formula (for residual line Lyon Observatory, 218, 236 210, 213, 324 intensity), 148, 275

362 Index of subjects

Model stellar atmospheres, 253, 256 Multiplet table of astrophysical interest spectral classification of, 78, 152, de Jager–Neven, 282 (Moore), 270 197, 199 flux constant, 262, 264, 265 Multiplets, 140, 142, 146, 148, 270, 275 spectral phases for novae, 197, 199, grey, 253, 260, 262, 264, 266, Munich, 17, 19, 33, 34, 141, 143, 259 200 277 Musée de l’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 23 Williams classification, 200 − with H opacity, 260 Nuclear synthesis of elements in LTE, 218, 253, 267 National Academy of Sciences, (nucleosynthesis), 286–288, 292, Kurucz, 267 Washington DC, 53, 98 312 line-blanketed, 265, 266 National Aeronautics and Space in big bang, 324 McCrea’s, 257, 268 Administration (NASA), 321–323 non-grey, 257, 258, 261, 282 National Bureau of Standards, 162, 272, O-associations, 172 non-LTE, 267 273 O stars (MK system), 71, 76, 102, 137, scaled solar, 265 National Physical Laboratory 152, 154 (Teddington, U.K.), 255, 256 for subdwarfs, 285 composition, 155, 283 Naval Research Laboratory, for Sun, 260, 262, 274 Oe5 stars, 72, 77, 153 Montevideo, 34 Washington DC, 319 Of stars, 154 Moon, 19 Nebulae, dark, 227, 228 spectral classification of, 153, 154, Morgan–Keenan–Kellman Atlas of Nebulae, spectra of, 43, 75, 76, 78 170 Stellar Spectra (MKK system), classification of, 65, 78, 156, 158 O stars and Wolf–Rayet stars (Conti 154, 170, 171, 212, 215 composition, 158 and Underhill), 196 MS stars, 181 30 Dor nebula, 324 Oak Ridge Observatory (Harvard), 10 Mt Hopkins Observatory, Arizona, 10 nebular spectrum in novae, 44, 197 OB stars, 118, 137, 159, 172, 283, 316, Mt John University Observatory nebular spectrum in symbiotic stars, 318, 319, 321 (New Zealand), 10, 11 234 Objective grating, 130 Mt Palomar 200-inch telescope, 9, 220, planetary, 59, 78, 155, 226, 278, 311, Objective prism 223 312 early use of, 5 Mt Palomar 48-inch Schmidt telescope, radial velocity of, 90 Fraunhofer’s, 19, 33 223 reflection, 157 at Harvard, 63, 64, 201, 203, 224, Mt Palomar Observatory, 185, 240 relation to η Car, 56, 306 235, 238 Mt Stromlo 30-inch Reynolds reflector, Nebulium, 43, 56, 156, 157, 234, 236 Lockyer’s, 54, 201 110 Nela Park, Ohio (GEC laboratory), 256 McClean’s, 59 Mt Stromlo 74-inch telescope, 110, Neodymium chloride, 112 226, 291, 308 Neutral hydrogen clouds (21-cm at Mt Wilson, 203, 228 Mt Stromlo Observatory, 9, 110, 195, emission), 111, 172 radial velocities, 111 208, 276, 309 New Mills spectrograph (Lick), 95, Secchi’s, 41 Mt Wilson 10-inch Cooke telescope, 119, 146 spectrograph, spectra, 56, 139, 162, 202 Newall 25-inch refractor, 93 163, 166, 172, 202 Mt Wilson 100-inch Hooker telescope, NGC 1003 (galaxy), 239 visual, 5, 19, 33 8, 100, 111, 141, 158, 177, 207, NGC 2244 (star cluster), 154 Observation and analysis of stellar 220, 239, 269, 271, 285, 287, 314, NGC 2264 (star cluster), 229 photospheres (Gray), 120 318 NGC 4725 (galaxy), 240 O’Gyalla Observatory (Hungary), 58 Mt Wilson 150-foot solar tower NGC 5253 (irregular galaxy), 238, 240 Ohio State University, 93, 118, 285 telescope, 271 NGC 6543 (planetary nebula), 155 Opacity, continuous, 138, 140, 257 Mt Wilson 60-inch telescope, 4, 8, 100, NGC 6946 (spiral galaxy), 238 in Am stars, 216 111, 164, 177, 219 NGC 7027 (planetary nebula), 158 electron scattering, 154 Mt Wilson and Palomar Observatories, Norman Lockyer Observatory, grey, 253, 256 − 114, 119, 208, 223, 318 Sidmouth, 56, 161, 203 H opacity, 253, 258–260, 262, 275, Mt Wilson Observatory, 6, 74, 81, 82, Novae, spectra of, 44, 75, 76, 78, 94, 277 99–101, 106, 108–110, 118, 132, 112, 196, 273, 323 in hydrogen-deficient stars, 227 138, 148, 149, 158–162, 165, 168, 4640 emission stage, 199 Kramers formula, 257 170, 171, 177–179, 183, 198, 202, nebular spectrum, 197, 199, 201 metallic, 257 208, 212, 216, 217, 219, 223, nova-like stars, 304–306, 313 neutral hydrogen, 257, 261, 277 225–228, 231, 233, 238, 271, 277, Orion stage, 199 Rosseland mean opacity, 262, 264 283, 284, 288, 305, 314–316 post-nova spectrum, 199 Optical depth, 262, 275, 276, 278

Index of subjects 363

Optical fibres (for spectroscopy), 10, Peculiar stars, 193, 281, 304 132, 135, 142, 158, 162, 163, 169, 120 in BCD system, 167 202, 205, 226, 254, 270, 305, 313, Opticks (Newton), 15 catalogued by Cannon, 78, 197 315 Orbiting Astronomical Observatories catalogued by Fleming, 75, 77, 197 Potsdam southern spectral survey (NASA), 321, 322 in MKK atlas, 170, 171 (Spektraldurchmusterung), 132, Origin of Species (Darwin), 43 Pennsylvania State University, 11 163 Original Mills spectrograph (Lick), 94 Perkins 69-inch telescope, 180, 183 Potsdam, Astrophysikalisches Institut Orion nebula, 6, 43, 46, 90, 94, 155, 158 Perkins Observatory, 118, 181, 183, 216, (AIP), 312 Orion-type stars (Secchi), 37, 67–69, 285 Praesepe, 112, 218, 315 81, 103, 127, 128, 202 Perseus double cluster, 202 Pre-main sequence stars, 229 Oscillator strengths, 148, 150, 268, 271, Phosphorus (lines in stellar spectra), Preliminary table of solar spectrum 272, 275, 276, 278, 279 309 wavelengths (Rowland), 92, 140 absorption-line spectrophotometry Phosphorus(-gallium) stars (Bp), 309 Pressure broadening of spectral lines from a furnace, 273 Photoelectric photometry, 205 in B stars, 160 atomic beam method, 272 Photography comment by Secchi, 40 beam foil spectroscopy, 273 dry plates, 46, 47 in supernovae, 238 f -sum rule, 271 infrared (far red), 177, 202, 308 in white dwarfs, 219, 222 of nebular spectra, 46 Pressures in stellar atmospheres, P Cygni stars, 78, 193, 229 panchromatic plates, 254 136–138, 141, 162 classification, 306 patrol photography (Harvard), 63 in Am stars, 216 interpretation (Beals), 305 of solar spectrum, 23, 24 electron pressure, 137, 138, 275, 277, line profiles, 305 of spectra, 4, 45, 52, 117, 237 278 similarity to WR spectra, 305 for stellar energy distributions, 134, hydrostatic equilibrium, 253, 260 Palestine, Texas, 320 166 in Sun, 260, 262 Palomar-Green survey, 226 of stellar spectra, 45, 52, 53, 60, 63, Princeton University Observatory, 83, Parhelium, 51 66, 91 129, 140, 155, 258, 270, 271, 284, Paris, 34, 264, 266, 275, 281, 283, 293, UV rocket, 319 286, 319–321 318 wet collodion plates, 45, 46 Prism Paris 120-cm reflector, 5, 92 Photometric Atlas of Stellar Spectra Iceland spar, 4, 46 Paris 60-cm refractor, 7 (Hiltner–Williams), 268 liquid, 35 Paris conference on novae and white Photometric Atlas of the Solar Prominence spectra, 50, 314 dwarfs (1939), 219, 222 Spectrum (Minnaert, Mulders, Proper motion, 69, 100, 127, 129, 132, Paris Observatory, 5, 6, 92, 99, 134, 168, Houtgast), 149, 263, 268, 270, 280 221, 284, 309 196, 209, 218, 255, 260, 289, 313 Physik der Sternatmosphären (Unsöld), Bruce Proper Motion Survey, 222 40-cm Foucault reflector, 44 258, 260, 275 FK3 catalogue, 111 Peculiar A-type stars (Ap), 119, 205, Pickering series (HeII), 55, 70–72, 75, General Catalogue, Boss, 101 212 133, 153 N30 catalogue, 111 catalogues of, 209, 211, 214 Pine Bluff Observatory, Wisconsin, 10 of subdwarfs, 284 catalogues of magnetic stars, 208 Plan of Selected Areas (Kapteyn), 108, of white dwarfs, 221, 222 chemically peculiar stars, 210 109, 162 Proto-elements (Lockyer), 55, 136 classification, 206, 207, 209, 210, 213 Planimeter, 275 Pulkova 76-cm refractor, 91 composition, 206, 207, 211, 213, 282 Platinum (lines in stellar spectra), 325 Pulkova Observatory, 4, 91, 99, 104, early discovery, 68, 72, 205 Pleiades, 108, 130, 185, 186, 201, 218, 108, 113, 205 line wavelengths and identifications, 289, 315 Purple Mountain Observatory (China), 206, 209 Populations of stars, 172, 284, 286 165 magnetic fields, 207, 210, 211, 213 Population III stars, 293 manganese stars, 119, 209, 211, 324 Potassium flare stars, 166 Q stars (Harvard), 71, 197, 304 oblique rotator model for, 208, 209 Potsdam 30-cm refractor, 49, 90, 91 Quantization of light, 133 radiative diffusion theory for, 210, Potsdam 32 + 24-cm double refractor, Quartz optical components, 4, 8, 46, 309, 323 49 166, 174 rare earth elements in, 206, 282 Potsdam 80 + 50-cm double refractor, Quasi-stellar objects, 323 reviews of, 214 49, 53, 91, 134 rotation of, 210, 211, 213 Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory, 5, R CrB stars, 226, 227, 312, 313 variability, 205, 207, 208, 211, 214 48, 52, 53, 89, 99, 113, 117, 128, r-process elements, 293

364 Index of subjects

Radcliffe 74-inch telescope, Pretoria, Ring nebula (M57), 59, 156 spectrum wavelengths (Moore, 109, 110, 226, 232, 291, 308, 310 Rossiter(-McLaughlin) effect (in Minnaert, Houtgast), 270 Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., eclipsing binaries), 118 Shell stars, 199, 203 71 Rotation Shells, stellar, 116, 203, 235 Radcliffe Observatory, Pretoria, 9, 111, catalogues of stellar rotational Simeis 40-inch Grubb reflector, 108 226, 308, 315 velocities, 119 Simeis Observatory, Crimea, 99, 108, Radial velocities of stars, 37, 45, 87, 91, of Galaxy, 83, 101, 108, 109, 161, 118 92, 94–97, 99, 100, 102, 107, 108, 316, 317 Singlet-triplet anomaly in B stars, 159 110, 168 of Jupiter, 92 Slit, 3, 17, 33, 50 of Ba stars, 233 of Saturn’s rings, 92 guiding stars on slit, 4, 46, 92 catalogues of, 97, 100, 106, 107, 110, of stars, 115–117, 315 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 187, 116 of Sun, 57, 89 226 early visual determinations, 87, 88, Royal Astronomical Society, 31, 35, 47, Smithsonian Astrophysical 90 105, 116, 131, 136, 149 Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., by Keeler, 90 Royal Bohemian Scientific Society, the, 134, 262, 266 K-term, 99 86 Snell’s law of refraction, 15 from objective prisms, 111, 116 Royal College of Science, London, 53 Société Philomatique, Paris, 86 in P Cyg, 305 Royal Greenwich Observatory, 34, 35, Solar apex, 99, 103 photoelectric determination, 114, 44, 88, 114, 196, 238, 254, 255, Solar eclipses, 53, 56 116 258, 275, 285, 304, 309, 310 Solar granulation, 265 using objective prisms, 111 Royal Institution, London, 50 Solar motion, 99, 101, 103 by Vogel, 52, 90 Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, 193, Solar parallax, 99 Radiation pressure, 218 254 Solar Physics Observatory, Cambridge, Radiative energy transport, 141, 253 Royal Observatory, Munich, 33 U.K., 93, 159 Radiative equilibrium, 253, 263–266 Royal Observatory, Uccle, Belgium, Solar Physics Observatory, South Rare earth elements, 206, 207, 210, 282, 282, 283 Kensington, 53, 56, 201, 205 310, 312 Royal Society, London, 2, 15, 25, 35, Southern hemisphere spectroscopy, 34, in CH stars, 233 45, 47, 53, 56, 70, 88, 201, 316 56, 66, 71, 79, 82, 95, 109, 110, Red giant stars, 128, 165, 232, 269, 284 RR Lyrae stars, 105 163, 276, 308, 309, 313, 315 of halo population, 284–286 Rutherfurd 11-inch Fitz refractor, 34 Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, Reddening 318 by circumstellar dust, 204 s-process elements, 179, 182, 184, 232, Special Astrophysical Observatory 6-m by interstellar dust, 167, 169, 202, 233, 286, 295, 312, 313 telescope, Caucasus, 312 275, 316 neutron source for, 313 Special relativity (time dilation), 311 Q method, 173 S stars, 78, 81, 179, 184 Spectral classification Refractive index, 15, 18, 26 classification of, 81, 152, 170, 180 automated classification techniques, Relativistic jets (in SS433), 311 composition, 182 184 Resolution CS stars, 182 BCD system, 167 of Arcturus atlas, 269 intrinsic and extrinsic S stars, 182 by Cannon (1901), 71–73, 184 of Copernicus satellite spectra, 321 SC stars, 182 by Cannon (1912), 73–75, 79 of spectrum, 3 technetium in, 181, 182 comparison of different schemes, 79 Resolving power, 8 S2/68 spectrometer (on TD-1), 322 conferences on, 184, 281 of Newton’s prism, 16 Saha equation, 136, 141, 154, 215, 253, by Fleming and Pickering, 65, 79, of spectroscope, 3 259, 260, 264, 272, 274, 275, 277 81 Reticon diode array (detector), 121 San Cristobal Observatory, Santiago, 5, of HD Catalogue (Harvard system), Reversals of H and K lines, 313 96, 97, 108, 172, 307, 309 79, 81, 83, 152 Reversing layer, 136, 141, 148, 261, 277 Saturn, rings, 92 by Lockyer, 54, 79, 81 Reversion method (of objective prism Schjellerup catalogue of red stars at longer wavelengths, 184 radial velocities), 111, 112, 114 (1866), 39 of M giants by Nassau et al., 183 Revision of Rowland’s table of solar Schuster–Schwarzschild model, 141, by Maury, 67, 79, 81 spectrum wavelengths (St John 148, 261, 264, 275–279, 281 by McClean, 59, 79, 81 et al.), 106, 141, 263, 269 Scorpius–Centaurus association, 111 MK system, 70, 173, 184, 185, 193 Reynolds 30-inch reflector, Second revision of Rowland’s MKK system, 168, 184, 212, 215 Mt Stromlo, 110 preliminary table of solar Paris conference on, 281

Index of subjects 365

relation to temperature, 72, 134, 135 arc, 27, 28, 55, 271, 272 Strasbourg, 312 revised MK system, 184 continuous, 2, 27 Strömgren photometry, 294–296, 315 by Rutherfurd, 35, 40 definition, 2 Subdwarfs, 167, 173, 223, 284, 285, 294 by Secchi, 36, 39, 79, 81 emission line, 28 composition, 282–285 and stellar evolution, 72, 74, 127, flame, 3, 21, 22, 27, 28 Subgiants, 288, 289 128 Newton’s, 15 Sunspot spectra, 207, 271, 288, 314 two- and three-dimensional, 69, 161, solar, 15, 16, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 46, Super-metal-rich stars, 296 165–167, 169, 184 260 Supergiants, spectra of, 119, 138, 148, by Vogel, 48, 50, 52, 53, 74, 79, 81 spark, 3, 28, 29, 42, 43, 55, 59 169, 171 by von Gothard, 59 Spectrum Analysis (Schellen), 3 in Magellanic Clouds, 291 Spectralanalyse der Gestirne Spot sensitometer, 165 Supernovae, 237, 323 (Scheiner), 103, 202 SS433, 310 catalogue of, 237, 240 Spectrograph discovery, 310 classification, 239, 240, 243 coudé, 6, 8, 10, 108, 110, 158, Doppler shifts in, 311 colour of, 238 271, 276 model for, 311 differentiated from novae, 239 early grating, 6 St Croix (Caribbean), 57 light curves, 237, 240, 241, 243 échelle, 10, 115, 116, 155, 292, 320, St Gobain glass works, Paris, 96 line identifications, 240 322 St Petersburg, 272 luminosities, 237, 239 flexure in, 4, 6, 91, 94, 95 Standard remnants, 310, 318 instrumental profile, 149 lamp for spectrophotometry, 255, S And, 237 Littrow, 7 SN1987A, 243 Merrill’s grating, 6 256 spectra of, 58, 78, 86, 226, 238 Plaskett’s grating, 6 stars for differential analysis, 284, surveys for, 239, 240 Rutherfurd grating, 89 287 theoretical models for, 241 Rutherfurd prism, 91 stars for line identifications, 269, 271 Z Cen, 238 thermal expansion of, 5, 91, 95 stars for spectral classification, 184 Swan bands, 22, 174, 175, 178, 312, Spectrophotometry, 184 stars for spectrophotometry, 255, 266 313 photographic, 165, 254, 255 velocity stars, 103, 104, 106, 107 Swiss 1-m telescope (Haute-Provence), spectrophotometric atlases, 269 wavelengths, 103, 106, 107, 270 115 of symbiotic stars, 236 Star-forming regions, 228, 230, 231 Symbiotic stars, 234 ultraviolet, 166, 256 Stark effect, 118, 154, 158, 160, 162 in binary systems, 235, 236 visual, 134 in white dwarfs, 222 classification, 235 Spectroscope Stationary lines, 315 interpretation, 236 chromatic aberration in, 5 Statistical parallax, 161 line identifications, 234 early designs, 3, 5 Stellar ages, 296 mass loss from, 235 grating, 5, 6 Stellar Atmospheres (C. Payne), 139, models for, 236 Hoffmann, 35 140, 268 nebular component, 235, 236 prism, 4 Stellar evolution, 130, 156, 167, 168, nova-like outbursts, 234, 235, 237 reversion, 89 286, 293 terminology, 235 thermal expansion of, 5 of carbon stars, 77, 226 Spectroscopic binary stars, 52, 53, 69, of H-deficient stars, 226 T Tauri variable stars, 227, 229 70, 73, 75, 76, 95, 97, 104, 107, of novae, 197, 199 accretion disks in, 230 115–118, 120, 179, 185, 195, 201, of T Tau stars, 230, 231 catalogues of, 230 210, 211, 215, 225, 276, 314, 315 theory of Lockyer, 54, 55 classification, 227, 230 Am stars, 215, 218 Stellar kinematics, 99, 100, 172 definition, 227, 229, 230 ζ Aurigae stars, 283, 304 of λ Boö stars, 212 evolutionary state, 229, 231 Ba stars, 182 of S stars, 182 jets in, 231 hydrogen-deficient stars, 224 Stellar Motions (Campbell), 94 lithium in, 229 symbiotic stars, 235, 236 Sternberg Astronomical Institute, reviews, 230 Spectroscopic parallaxes, 132, 141, 158, Moscow, 212, 240, 241 rotation, 230 161, 165, 314 Stockholm 1.02-m Grubb reflector, 165 veiling in spectrum, 230 Spectrum Stockholm 40-cm Zeiss astrograph, 165 YY Ori subtype, 231 absorption-line, 2, 3, 16, 17, 22, 26, Stockholm Observatory, 162, 165, 221 Taurus dark cloud, 228 28, 42 Stonyhurst College Observatory, 60 TD-1 satellite, 322

366 Index of subjects

Teide 1, 186 satellite observations, 321 Vanadium oxide bands (in M stars), 79, Temperatures in solar spectrum, 16, 24, 25 182 colour temperature, 134, 136, nature of, 25 Variable stars, 63, 115 253–256, 268 spectroscopy, 8, 10, 46, 154, 167, 257, Vatican Observatory (Specola Vaticana), effective temperatures, 153, 253, 255, 304, 319, 320, 323 105, 286 258 Union Observatory, Johannesburg, 307 Venus, 15, 19, 89 excitation temperatures, 149, 150, University College London, 178, 271, transit of, 57 264, 277, 279, 280 272, 322 Victoria DAO 72-inch telescope, 101, ionization temperatures, 136, 137, échelle (UCLES), 10 145, 153, 234, 279 268, 277, 280 University of Aberdeen, 118 Vidicon, SEC, 320, 322, 323 kinetic temperatures, 147 University of Arizona, 218, 273 Vienna Observatory, 99, 212 Lockyer’s, 54, 55 University of California, 98, 202 Visual binary stars, 86, 107, 212, 218, measurement of stellar temperatures Berkeley, 121, 177, 185, 223, 230, 289 at Potsdam, 133 287, 296 Voigt proﬁle, 143, 261, 275 as prerequisite for abundance University of Cambridge, 47, 56, 79, 93, analysis, 268, 285 129, 133, 136, 137, 139, 269, 282 W50 (supernova remnant), 310 relation to stellar colour, 43, 127, Observatories, 99, 104, 114 Warner and Swasey Co., 108 130 University of Chicago, 171 Warney and Swasey Observatory, temperature structure of Sun, 256, University of Colorado, 323 Cleveland, Ohio, 172, 176, 179, 263 University of Edinburgh, 254, 257 182, 183 vibration temperatures, 178 University of Exeter, 56 Washburn Observatory, Wisconsin, Temple Observatory (Rugby, England), University of Hawaii, 289 215 88 University of Illinois, 233 Washington State University, 271 Thorium (lines in stellar spectra), 293 University of Indiana, 182 Wavelength, 2, 18 Titanium oxide bands (in M stars), 76, University of Kiel, 142 measurement, 16, 19, 23, 47, 60, 90, 79, 181 University of Kyoto, 204 155 in symbiotic stars, 234, 235, 237 University of Liège, 165, 178, 211, 235 Rowland tables, 100, 106, 140, 269, Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, 176, University of London, 232 270 178, 179, 241 University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), standard wavelengths, 92, 103, 106, Torun, Poland, 284 10, 77, 117, 158, 174, 185, 202, 111, 159, 270 Toulouse Observatory, 178 203, 206, 255, 268, 272, 279, 281, units, 2 Travelling microscope (for measuring 283 Weak-CH stars, 184 Doppler line shifts), 53, 91 University of Minnesota, 222 Weak-lined stars Trieste Astronomical Observatory, Italy, University of Odessa, 113 λ Boö stars, 212 267 University of Oxford, 273 Roman, 172, 173, 184, 282, 284 Trigonometric parallax, 100, 109, 129, University of Prague, 86 Weighting function method (Unsöld), 133, 162, 169, 219, 221 University of Sydney, 267 261 Trinity College, Cambridge, 263 University of Texas, Austin, 217, 233 Wellesley College, 71 Trinity College, Dublin, 129 University of Toronto, 108 White dwarf stars, 219, 226 Tübingen, 134, 254 University of Virginia, 164 in binaries, 233 Tulse Hill (Huggins), 41, 42, 45, 196 University of Western Ontario, 120, 121 Chandrasekhar mass limit, 220 Turbulence University of Wisconsin, 321, 323 classiﬁcation, 222–224 in Am stars, 217 Uppsala 15-cm Zeiss-Heyde densities of, 220 in chromospheres, 314, 324 astrograph, 165 discovery, 218, 221, 222, 294 in stellar atmospheres, 116, 147 Uppsala Observatory, 101, 113, 161, gravitational redshifts in, 111, 220, in Sun, 147 162, 165, 292 221 Two-micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), Uppsala University, Physical gravity determination, 222, 187 Laboratory, 51, 194 223 Uranium (lines in stellar spectra), 293 intermediate white dwarfs, 223 UBV photometric system, 173, 266, 288 US Naval Research Laboratory, 10, 319 mass-radius relation, 220 Ultraviolet excess, 43, 287 Utrecht Observatory, 142, 144, 149, Minkowski bands in, 223 Ultraviolet radiation 268, 281, 283, 322 temperatures, 220, 224 balloon observations, 320 Utrecht Physical Institute, 145, 158, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy and Doppler effect, 86 268 Probe (WMAP), 324

Index of subjects 367

Wilson–Bappu effect, 304, 314, 315 Sixth Catalogue of Wolf-Rayet Stars 204, 206, 208, 210, 215, 221, 225, luminosity dependence of H, K lines (van der Hucht), 195 229, 233, 235, 259, 262, 274, 275, (Deslandres), 314 temperatures, 195 278, 284, 285, 290, 316, 317 Wolf–Rayet stars, 44, 57, 65, 72, 78, 94, WO stars, 195 Young stellar objects (YSOs), 230, 231 193, 197, 226, 229, 283 Wolsingham Observatory (T.E. Espin), Yttrium oxide bands, 181 in binaries, 196 58 Yunnan Observatory (China), 165 C,O and N sequences identified, 195 Yerkes 40-inch refractor, 103, 146, 160, Zeeman effect, 114, 207, 211 classification of, 67, 153, 154, 170, 305 ζ Aurigae stars, 283 193–195 Yerkes Observatory, 4, 99, 102, 108, Zirconium oxide bands (in S stars), 82, evolutionary state, 195 110, 118, 120, 146, 154, 158, 160, 179 line identifications in, 194 162, 168, 170, 173, 176, 195, 198, Zürich, 280