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Home , Psychosexual development

2/23/2020

Psychoanalysis Chapter 5 Insight-Oriented Approaches ()

Freud replaced hypnosis with –

• Free Association: The beginning of Talk Therapy

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Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud) With Free Association he discovered: 1. The significant influence of childhood sexuality upon the Breuer - (The case of Bertha) development of the personality 2. The importance of dreams as a - Was treating her for way of understanding the sexual feelings that are repressed in the - Bedside chats - she unconscious remembered past events Dreams are “The Royal Road to the - Started using hypnosis for her unconscious” to talk freely Freud views people as inherently - Symptoms started instinctual creatures disappearing 2 5

Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud) Layers of Awareness – Freud and Breuer - (levels of ) - Discovered that physical symptoms of hysteria could be alleviated using hypnosis. 1. Conscious - what we are aware of - Patient recalled and verbalized unpleasant forgotten memories. 2. - not immediately aware of

- Which they claimed released 3. Unconscious - most hidden part of mind psychic energy bottled up inside the body. (most dominant)

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Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud)

Structure of the Psyche: Death Instinct - (aggressive drive) SUPEREGO - (Judicial part of the personality) Unconscious wish to: - Sociological component of the Psyche - Hurt /others - Concerned with moral issues - Die (death wish) - advertisement - Ideal part of self

- Strives for perfection

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Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud)

Structure of the Psyche: Defense Mechanisms:

ID - (Original system of the Our psychological defense personality) mechanisms operate without our conscious awareness in - Biological Component of the an attempt to: Psyche - All ID at birth -Reduce - Primary source of psychic energy - Can not tolerate tension (I -Lower tension want it) - Unconscious and out of - Guard the ego against awareness perceived attack 8 11

Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud) Structure of the Psyche: Behavior is determined by: EGO - (Reality, patience, emerges in 1st year of life) - Irrational forces - Unconscious motivations - Psychological component of the Psyche - Biological & instinctual drives - Regulates and controls - Psychosexual events by age 5 personality - Controls consciousness - Exercises censorship Personality is formed by age 5 - Mediates between the Id and the Superego 9 12

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Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud) -Projection - Involves putting unacceptable feelings or Stages of : characteristics on another.

- - (Simplest) - The distortion of reality by pretending that • Phallic (3 – 6) undesirable or unacceptable events are not really happening. Psychosexual energy is directed to the genitals -Rationalization - The intellectual misuse of logic to over explain or justify conflicting messages. – During this stage , boys have a sexual desire for or erotic interest in their mothers together - - The retreat to an earlier stage of development with hostile feelings for and fear of castration by their because of fear. fathers. - The complex is resolved when boys identify with their -Suppression - The conscious effort to control and conceal fathers and vicariously possess their mothers through unacceptable impulses, thoughts, feelings, or acts. such an identity. Complex – The female version of the Oedipus - - The tendency to remain at one level, interrupting the normal plan of psychological development. Complex.

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Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud) Stages of Psychosexual Development: Stages of Psychosexual Development:

Oral 0 - 1 Latency 6 - 12 A "quiet time" in which Psychosexual needs psychosexual energy is are gratified orally channeled into socially (sucking), fostering acceptable activities such attachment to the as schoolwork and play mother. with same-sex peers.

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Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) (Sigmund Freud) Stages of Psychosexual Development: Stages of Psychosexual Development: Anal 1 - 3 Genital 12 - 18 Youngsters are urged A period of sexual to control their bladder maturation and and bowels, creating a older in which conflict between psychosexual needs biological urges and are directed toward social demands and heterosexual control. relationships.

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Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) Birth Order

Therapeutic Process:

Goals: Adler’s five psychological positions: - Make unconscious conscious Strengthen ego so behavior is based on 1) Oldest – receives more attention, spoiled, center of attention reality and away from the Id 2) Second of only two – behaves as if in a race, often opposite to first child Childhood Experiences are: 3) Middle – often feels squeezed out 1. Reconstructed 4) Youngest – the baby 2. Discussed 5) Only – does not learn to share or cooperate with other children, learns to deal with 3. Interpreted 4. Analyzed

- Help clients overcome the “neurotic” use of defense mechanisms 19 22

The Phenomenological Approach

Adlerians attempt to view the world from the client’s subjective frame of reference ● How life is in reality is less important than how the individual believes life to be ● It is not the childhood experiences that are crucial – Adlerian Therapy it is our present interpretation of these events Unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior

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Social Interest

● Social interest is stressed Adler’s most significant and distinctive concept

● Refers to an individual’s attitude toward and awareness of being a part of the human community ● Mental health is measured by the degree to which we ● Therapy as teaching, informing and encouraging successfully share with others and are concerned with their welfare ● Basic mistakes in the client’s private logic ● Happiness and success are largely related to social connectedness

● The therapeutic relationship — a collaborative partnership

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Encouragement

Encouragement is the most powerful method available for changing a person’s beliefs

● Helps build self-confidence and stimulates courage ● Discouragement is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning ● Clients are encouraged to recognize that they have the power to choose and to act differently

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Week 4

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