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Warmouth (Lepomis Gulosus) Is a Member of the Family Centrarchidae and Is One of Eight Sunfish Species Found in Canada

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Warmouth (Lepomis Gulosus) Is a Member of the Family Centrarchidae and Is One of Eight Sunfish Species Found in Canada COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Warmouth Lepomis gulosus in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2005 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2005. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the warmouth Lepomis gulosus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 16 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC 2001 (In Press). COSEWIC assessment and status report on the warmouth Lepomis gulosus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 19 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Crossman, E.J., J. Houston and R.R. Campbell. 1994. COSEWIC status report on the warmouth Lepomis gulosus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 19 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Nicholas E. Mandrak and Becky Cudmore for writing the update status report on the warmouth Lepomis gulosus prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Bob Campbell, the COSEWIC Freshwater Fish Species Specialist Subcommittee Co-chair. Partial funding for this status report was also provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Ếgalement disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le crapet sac-à-lait (Lepomis gulosus) au Canada – Mise à jour. Cover illustration: Warmouth — Smith, C.L. 1985. The Inland Fishes of New York State. Reproduced with permission from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2005 Catalogue No. CW69-14/35-2005E-PDF ISBN 0-662-40622-2 HTML: CW69-14/35-2005E-HTML 0-662-40623-0 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – May 2005 Common name Warmouth Scientific name Lepomis gulosus Status Special Concern Reason for designation This species has a very restricted Canadian distribution, existing only at 4 locations along the Lake Erie shore between Point Pelee and Long Point. It is sensitive to habitat change which results in loss of aquatic vegetation. Occurrence Ontario Status history Designated Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2001 and in May 2005. Last assessment based on an update status report. iii COSEWIC Executive Summary Warmouth Lepomis gulosus Species Information The warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) is a member of the family Centrarchidae and is one of eight sunfish species found in Canada. It can be distinguished from the other sunfishes (Lepomis sp.) found in the Great Lakes basin by its large mouth and dark bands radiating backward from the eye. Distribution It has a wide distribution in the Mississippi, Atlantic and Great Lakes drainages of eastern North America. It has been collected in Canada at four locations in the Lake Erie drainage. Habitat The warmouth is a warmwater species preferring vegetated habitats in lakes and streams at all stages in its life history. Biology Maximum known age of warmouth is 8 years and, as size seems to be a more important factor than age for maturation, length at maturity is 89 mm. Although males tend to be larger than females, no sex difference in growth has been shown. Warmouth are spring spawners and make nests on soft, muddy bottoms. At smaller sizes, warmouth consume crustaceans and aquatic insect larvae, moving to crayfishes and molluscs when larger. The warmouth is tolerant of low oxygen levels. Population Sizes and Trends The size of Canadian populations of warmouth is uncertain. Based on relatively large numbers collected in Point Pelee National Park in 2002 and 2003, limited immigration potential and the persistence of this population indicate that it is undoubtedly established. iv Limiting Factors and Threats This species would be negatively impacted by the loss of its preferred habitat (heavily vegetated, shallow waters), due to siltation, drainage and other factors. Current distribution in Canada is limited by temperature; however, its range may expand with climate warming. Special Significance of the Species This species may be a relatively new native species in Canada. Existing Protection or Other Status Designations This species is currently listed as Special Concern on Schedule 1 of the Canadian Species at Risk Act. v COSEWIC HISTORY The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) was created in 1977 as a result of a recommendation at the Federal-Provincial Wildlife Conference held in 1976. It arose from the need for a single, official, scientifically sound, national listing of wildlife species at risk. In 1978, COSEWIC designated its first species and produced its first list of Canadian species at risk. Species designated at meetings of the full committee are added to the list. On June 5, 2003, the Species at Risk Act (SARA) was proclaimed. SARA establishes COSEWIC as an advisory body ensuring that species will continue to be assessed under a rigorous and independent scientific process. COSEWIC MANDATE The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assesses the national status of wild species, subspecies, varieties, or other designatable units that are considered to be at risk in Canada. Designations are made on native species for the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, arthropods, molluscs, vascular plants, mosses, and lichens. COSEWIC MEMBERSHIP COSEWIC comprises members from each provincial and territorial government wildlife agency, four federal agencies (Canadian Wildlife Service, Parks Canada Agency, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Federal Biodiversity Information Partnership, chaired by the Canadian Museum of Nature), three non-government members and the co-chairs of the species specialist and the Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge subcommittees. The Committee meets to consider status reports on candidate species. DEFINITIONS (NOVEMBER 2004) Wildlife Species A species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature and is either native to Canada or has extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Canada for at least 50 years. Extinct (X) A wildlife species that no longer exists. Extirpated (XT) A wildlife species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere. Endangered (E) A wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened (T) A wildlife species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Special Concern (SC)* A wildlife species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Not at Risk (NAR)** A wildlife species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk of extinction given the current circumstances. Data Deficient (DD)*** A wildlife species for which there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction. * Formerly described as “Vulnerable” from 1990 to 1999, or “Rare” prior to 1990. ** Formerly described as “Not In Any Category”, or “No Designation Required.” *** Formerly described as “Indeterminate” from 1994 to 1999 or “ISIBD” (insufficient scientific information on which to base a designation) prior to 1994. Environment Environnement Canada Canada Canada Canadian Wildlife Service canadien Service de la faune The Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, provides full administrative and financial support to the COSEWIC Secretariat. vi Update COSEWIC Status Report on the Warmouth Lepomis gulosus in Canada 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPECIES INFORMATION............................................................................................... 3 Name and classification............................................................................................... 3 Description................................................................................................................... 3 Designatable units ....................................................................................................... 4 DISTRIBUTION............................................................................................................... 4 Global range ................................................................................................................ 4 Canadian range ........................................................................................................... 4 HABITAT .........................................................................................................................7 Habitat requirements ................................................................................................... 7 Trends ......................................................................................................................... 7 Protection/ownership ................................................................................................... 8
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